Welcome to History 06 History of the Americas II Prof. Valadez

Transcription

1 Welcome to History 06 History of the Americas II Prof. Valadez 1

2 Topics Review: Early 20 th Century Revolutions in Latin America Quiz 3 The Great Depression World War II 2

3 The Downfall of Diaz 1900 Regeneracion, Mexico City 1906 Liberal Plan by Flores Magon Brothers Cananea, Sonora Labor Strike 12 mins Cananea Strike The Creelman Interview Diaz welcomes opposition 1910 La sucesion presidencial en 1910, Anti-Re-electionist Party Madero issues a call to arms against Diaz 1911 Ciudad Juarez is taken by Pascual Orozco/Villa forces Treaty of Ciudad Juarez- Diaz resigns 3

4 Mexican Revolution 1910 Mexican Revolution The Overthrow of the Porfiriato Revolution to Civil War Constructive Phase 4

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6 Revolution Military Phase

7 Meeting between Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata Presidential Palace, Mexico City

8 Aftermath of the Mexican Revolution About 2 million deaths 1917 Constitution Increase in nationalism Increase of public schools for rural areas 1 million Mexicans migrated to the U.S. 8

9 Brazil Luis Carlos Prestes Leader of the communist party Tenente Revolt 1922 Military rebellion Protest corruption, workers rights 1927 disband Left mark on Brazil

10 Augusto Sandino Nicaraguan Educated to be a liberal Moves to Guatemala, Mexico, Texas Inspired by Mexican Revolution Nicaragua 1926 War against govt Somoza & U.S. Guerrilla warfare Antastasio Somoza govt. murders Sandinsimo, symbol of resistance

11 The Great Depression Today s Topics What are the causes of the Great Depression? What was the government response? How effective was the government response? How does the Great Depression affect Latin America 11

12 The Election of 1928 Hoover seemed to exemplify what was widely called the new era of American capitalism. Hoover s opponent in 1928 was Alfred E. Smith of New York. Smith s Catholicism became the focus of the race. A 1928 campaign poster for the Republican ticket Of Herbert Hoover and Charles Curtis 12

13 Three months before the stock market crash 13

14 The Coming of the Depression On October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday) the stock market crashed. The stock market crash did not, by itself, cause the Depression. 14

15 The Great Depression Causes of the Depression Land speculation bubble in FL & CA Unequal distribution of wealth Agriculture recession Stagnated sales of consumer goods Sales of new autos stagnated after

16 The Great Depression Americans and the Depression The Depression transformed American life. A Hooverville a shantytown created by homeless squatters outside Seattle Unemployed men lined up at the New York Municipal Lodging House in

17 The Great Depression 1929 Documentary PBS

18 The Great Depression The Worsening Economic Condition Some administration remedies made the economic situation worse. Hawley-Smoot Tariff In 1932 Hoover created the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. 18

19 Canada 1929 Crash reliance on U.S., 25-27% unemp Prairie provinces hit hard Wheat prices Provinces responsibility Richard Bennett Prime minister Relief from private sector Shantytowns

20 The First New Deal FDR and the Election of 1932 FDR promised a new deal 20

21 Good Neighbors FDR embarked on a number of departures in foreign policy. Latin America 21

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23 Perfect Dictatorship Founded 1929 PNR Plutarco Calles Inclusive: leftist to capitalists Dedazo (candidates hand-picked) Jefe Maximo 23

24 Lazaro Cardenas Castillo de Chapultepec Los Pinos 24

25 Lazaro Cardenas Administration Agrarian Reform Restoration of Ejidos 1938 nationalizes the oil industry Pemex (Petroleos Mexicanos) 25

26 Spain Francisco Franco 26

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28 U.S. Great Depression On October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday) the stock market crashed. 28

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31 Brazil Getúlio Vargas president 1930 to 1945 "O Pai dos Pobres Estado Novo 1937

32 Military-Industrial Complex 32

33 Asia 1854 Japan opens trade with the U.S. Adopts Wakon-Yosai War with China = Taiwan War with Russia 1910 Korean Annex Manchuria invasion 1937 Rape Nanjing 33

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35 Europe: German Aggression 1919 Treaty of Versailles NAZI Party & Hitler 1938 Austria Annex Poland 35

36 Italy Benito Mussolini Spain Francisco Franco 36

37 Fascism a political philosophy, movement, or regime that exalts nation and often race above the individual and is headed by a dictator. Axis 37

38 Isolationism Many Americans were reluctant to get involved in international affairs because of the legacy of World War I. Congress favored isolationism, as seen in various Neutrality Acts. War in Europe For nearly two years, Britain stood virtually alone in fighting Germany. 38

39 Toward Intervention In 1940, breaking with a tradition that dated back to George Washington, Roosevelt announced his candidacy for a third term as president. Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act in FDR froze Japanese assets in the U.S. and ended trade with Japan (including oil). 39

40 Pearl Harbor On December 7, 1941 Japanese planes launched from aircraft carriers bombed the American naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. FDR asked for a declaration of war against Japan. 40