Essential Question: What was the impact war of the American War for Independence? (Revolution)

Transcription

1 Name Period Parent Signature (E.C.) Revolution & Independence 7 th Social Studies TEST DATE: Essential Question: What was the impact war of the American War for Independence? (Revolution) 1. Copy lines 6-7 describing British STRENGTH!! 2. UNDERLINE the sentence that explained how many colonist stayed loyal to the King. 3. CIRCLE the important battle in COPY the next sentence explaining the importance of the battle. 4. To the RIGHT of the reading write the location Americans spent their darkest days of the war & the season. 5. In the second paragraph list 3 DISADVANTAGES the Americans had to deal with. 6. Put a SQUARE around the British General and the battle he lost that helped to end the war. 7. PUT a TRIANGLE around America s great military leader. DIAGRAM & DESCRIBE- 5pts. Take the following 3 words and list them in the order they occurred in the Old World (Europe) and What Jefferson says how governments should be created. Describe Jefferson s ideas and the things governments are to protect. PEOPLE GOVERNMENT GOD OLD WAY JEFFERSON

2 From Americans and British troops fought battles and organized armies in the colonies. Even with those events, the 2 nd Continental Congress had not yet declared independence. Finally in the summer of 1776, all 13 colonies voted to ratify the Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson. The document used Enlightenment ideas of reason to explain why the colonist had a right to commit treason and form their own nation. At first Great Britain seemed to have a huge advantage in the war. They had the world s finest navy and a trained army. The Patriots were inexperienced volunteers. One of every five Americans was a Loyalist (Tory). Some supported the king for religious reasons. Other depended on Great Britain for jobs or thought colonial grievances did not justify rebellion and some feared the disorder of revolution. Great Britain hoped for a decisive victory that would bring a quick end to the war. Their plan to cut New England off from the Middle Colonies failed, however, when the Patriots forced a British army to surrender at the Battle of Saratoga in This battle marked a turning point in the war and helped bring support from Great Britain s European rivals, most notably France, into the war on the side Americans. The Patriots darkest hour was a bitter winter of at Valley Forge. Other pressures added to the colonists problems. During the war women had to assume new responsibilities such as managing family farms or businesses. Angered by the colonists desire to push westward, many Native Americans sided with Great Britain against the colonists. At sea the United States had to rely on privateers to attack the royal fleet since there was no American navy. The American victory at Saratoga forced the British to change strategy. They moved south and won several victories. The Americans responded by using hit-and-run tactics. In 1781 a Patriot army, under the command of George Washington, moved quickly south. Aided by French troops and ships, the Americans surprised General Conrwallis army at Yorktown and forced it to surrender. Great Britain granted the colonies independence in the Treaty of Paris in 1783, and the war for American independence ended. Even though Great Britain had superior military strength, the Americans won the war. The revolution was a people s movement, and Americans were fighting on their own land. The Patriots received help from France and Spain and had a great leader in George Washington.

3 Vocabulary- 2pts. (define the following words, words with *, need to be updated on POWER VOCABULARY lists) Common Sense by Thomas Paine (p.118)- Tyranny (p.127)- Tory / Loyalist (p.119)- Treason- Mercenaries / Hessians (p.128)- Valley Forge (p.132)- Intolerable Acts (p.102)- BIG IDEAS: 5pts. Pg. 112 Pg. 118 Pg. 126 Pg. 135 Important Battles 15pts. (U.S. Ch. 5 pgs and pgs / A.J. Ch. 6 pgs ) Battle Location (State) Winner Importance Bunker Hill: Ticonderoga: Trenton: Saratoga*: Yorktown:

4 Revolution & Independence - Lesson Packet OBJ #1: Name and describe the group of colonist who declared independence. What did the 2 nd Continental Congress before declaring Independence that would be seen as: a. Asking for Peace? b. Committing Treason King George the III said.. we must conquer them or leave them to themselves... What might an American in Congress have said in response? Draw a Symbol for the ENLIGHTENMENT A. 2 nd Continental Congress 1. Meets in Philadelphia in ALL COLONIES there to decide what to do??? a. Declare Independence???.. War b. Talk to Britain and Make-up??..Stay Friends B. Actions before TREASON (a.k.a. Independence) 1. Create Army to defend Colonies from British (War?) a. George Washington Chosen as GENERAL b. Send him to Boston to help city 2. Olive Branch Petition sent to King George III a. Hopes to save peace & keep colonies British b. King refuses to read it C. Declaration of Independence 1. Britain refuses to talk to Colonist a. Even Ben Franklin is blasted by British and he did not want independence -Franklin comes home and supports independence b. Sends more troops We must conquer them or leave them to themselves -King George III 2. Congress votes for Independence a. Congress are men of the Enlightenment *Educated men use Reason (Scientific Method) b. Needs to explain to world (educated) that they had REASONS for overthrowing a Government (IT S A BIG DEAL!!) *Might get help from other countries 1. Name and describe the group of colonist who declared independence. What city and year did this group meet? How did the Enlightenment affect their actions? What was the Olive Branch Petition? Why was a Declaration really needed (see preamble)? (U.S. Ch. 4 and 5 pgs and Declaration of Independence pgs / A.J. Ch. 5 pgs )

5 Revolution & Independence - Lesson Packet OBJ #2: Explain the content of the Declaration of Independence. Create an Acrostic using Terms, Events, or People from this page for: I N D E P E N D E N C E A. Written by 1. Committee with Ben Franklin /John Adams (+2others) a. Still did not have total support 2. From Virginia- will help get southern colonies to support independence 3. Respected writer and thinker a. Used other documents from colonies and world to put together ideas B. Announces the beliefs, goals & rights in 4 sections 1. Preamble (Introduction) a. Just like introductory paragraph in essay 2. List of Natural Rights a. All Men Created Equal b. Life, Liberty & the Pursuit of Happiness 3. List of Complaints -Unfair Taxes -No Representation -Slavery?????? 4. Claim of Independence a. Announcing the NEW United States C. Explains reason for overthrowing GOVERNMENT 1. Gov t must protect Natural Rights from God a. Natural Rights: 1. Life 2. Liberty 3. Pursuit of Happiness -Are these easy to define?????? b. If rights aren t protected then Government should be taken down by THE PEOPLE OLD WAY JEFFERSON 2. Explain the content of the Declaration of Independence*. Who wrote the Declaration? List the four (4) parts of the Declaration of Independence. What rights does the Declaration of Independence say are Natural Rights guaranteed to all men (people)? What does the Declaration of Independence say should happen to a government that does not allow their people these rights? (U.S. Ch. 5 pgs and Declaration of Independence pgs / A.J. Ch. 5 pgs )

6 D. Big Disagreements!! 1. People are not happy with Declaration a. Wrong wording & Want more Issues Added b. Slavery- South almost ends the Congress (Slavery taken out of Declaration) E. July 4, 1776 **All 13 Colonies vote for signing Declaration (had to be unanimous- everyone!!)

7 Revolution & Independence - Lesson Packet OBJ #3: Describe the differences between the British & American armies. Choose 3 words from the notes that Describe: Colonial Soldier: British Soldier: Draw a picture of how the British were using their NAVY A. United Colonies/States Choose to Fight 1. Before 1775 a. Militias- Citizen Soldiers from each colony b. Example Lexington & Concord nd Continental Congress creates Army a. George Washington chosen as General b. Still very poor.. mostly farmers B. Advantage / Disadvantage 1. United States (Colonies) a. Small, unorganized, poorly trained b. NO NAVY (must march to move) 2. Great Britain a. Best Army Professional Soldiers (It s their JOB) *Use Mercenaries- King George III hires German Hessians to help fight colonist b. Best Navy- Blockades colonies from help *Helps move troops fast up and down colonies C. HOW U.S. & Washington Survive 1. Never get cornered a. Washington constantly moves (even after win) 2. Use Guerilla Tactics- Secret attacks and hit & run 3. Describe the differences between the British and American armies. Who was chosen to lead the American army? Describe how the Americans decided to fight (survive). What group of soldiers were paid to fight for the British? What branch of military did the British have and the Americans did not... how did that help the British? (U.S. Ch. 5 pgs and pgs / A.J. Ch. 6 pgs )

8 Revolution & Independence - Lesson Packet OBJ #4: Outline the major reasons for the American defeat of the British. Categorize American Victories by placing one under each category and explain why you chose it: BAD: Why: GOOD: Why: BETTER: Why: BEST: Why: A. Getting Help 1. U.S. Needed help from Europe a. Battle of Saratoga Convinced France to help 2. France Helps- Sends troops, and NAVY a. Navy keeps British from running or fast attack B. U.S. has some advantages 1. Colonist know the land and climate a. Can hide better and get help from people 2. England is far away for supplies C. Early Battles 1. (U.S. Wins at Fort) a. Greene Mnt. Boys capture fort and drag cannons through snow to Washington in Boston 2. (British kick butt outside Boston) a. Washington runs to save army b. 1st Real Battle between armies D. Starting to WIN 1. (First big U.S. WIN) a. Secret attack on Christmas Night b. Defeat Hessians and gives morale boost 2. (U.S. Win) a. Large part of British army captured b. CONVINCES & TO HELP!! 4. Outline major reasons for the American defeat of the British? What European country decided to help the Americans? What did this country provide that helped the most? How did the land help the colonist the most? What battle symbolized the British defeat and name the British and U.S. generals. (U.S. Ch. 5 pgs and pgs A.J. Ch. 6 pgs )

9 E. Victory!!!!!! 1. Battle of (1781) a. British (led by Cornwallis) set-up in Virginia b. French & U.S troops march to Virginia **KEY: French navy had beat British navy and trapped the British c. Cornwallis surrenders to Washington 2. Treaty of Paris (1783) a. British recognize U.S. as INDEPENDENT!!! War to 1783 = NINE YEARS OF FIGHTING!!! *Many who signed Declaration of Independence lost EVERYTHING!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! *What type of country will be created??? *Will there be more revolutions since one started this country???

10 Essential Question Connection: Essential Question: 1. What was the impact war of the American War for Independence? (Revolution) Directions: Throughout this unit, pick aspects from each objective that would help to answer this essential question in the box below. When you turn in this packet, you need to take EVIDENCE from the assignments, notes, and objectives in your response to this essential question: Obj #1: 2 nd Continental Congress IMPACT Obj #2: Declaration of Independence IMPACT Obj #3: British v. American Armies IMACT Obj #4: Victory IMPACT Answer: This will be turned in the day of the lesson test:

11 Name Period Parent Signature (E.C.) Objectives w/vocabulary Revolution & Independence Mr. Fleck 7 th Social Studies 60pts. DUE DATE: Dec. 17 th & 18 th Standards: H2.8.1; H2.8.2; H2.8.3; H6.8.2; H6.8.3; H6.8.4; G2.8.2; G2.8.3; G2.8.6; G4.8.3; C1.8.2; C1.8.4; C4.8.5; Ec9.8.1 Define Lesson Vocabulary (On Back) (5pts. Well Written Complete Sentences, Answered with facts /4pts. Complete Sentences, Correct answers with limited factual support / 3pts. Correct Answer / 2-1pt. Incomplete Answer / 0pts. Wrong Answer) 1. Name and describe the group of colonist who declared independence. What city and year did this group meet? How did the Enlightenment affect their actions? What was the Olive Branch Petition? Why was a Declaration really needed (see preamble)? (U.S. Ch. 4 and 5 pgs and Declaration of Independence pgs / A.J. Ch. 5 pgs ) 2. Explain the content of the Declaration of Independence*. Who wrote the Declaration? List the four (4) parts of the Declaration of Independence. What rights does the Declaration of Independence say are Natural Rights guaranteed to all men (people)? What does the Declaration of Independence say should happen to a government that does not allow their people these rights? (U.S. Ch. 5 pgs and Declaration of Independence pgs / A.J. Ch. 5 pgs ) 3. Describe the differences between the British and American armies. Who was chosen to lead the American army? Describe how the Americans decided to fight (survive). What group of soldiers were paid to fight for the British? What branch of military did the British have and the Americans did not... how did that help the British? (U.S. Ch. 5 pgs and pgs / A.J. Ch. 6 pgs ) 4. Outline major reasons for the American defeat of the British? What European country decided to help the Americans? What did this country provide that helped the most? How did the land help the colonist the most? What battle symbolized the British defeat and name the British and U.S. generals. (U.S. Ch. 5 pgs and pgs A.J. Ch. 6 pgs ) BIG IDEAS: 5pts. Pg. 112 Pg. 118 Pg. 126 Pg. 135

12 Important Battles 15pts. (U.S. Ch. 5 pgs and pgs / A.J. Ch. 6 pgs ) Battle Location (State) Winner Importance Bunker Hill: Ticonderoga: Trenton: Saratoga*: Yorktown: Vocabulary- 2pts. Each Common Sense by Thomas Paine (p.118)- Tyranny (p.127)- Tory (Loyalist) (p.119)- Treason- Mercenaries/Hessians (p.128)- Valley Forge (p.132)- DIAGRAM & DESCRIBE- 5pts. Take the following 3 words and list them in the order they occurred in the Old World (Europe) and What Jefferson says how governments should be created. Describe Jefferson s ideas and the things governments are to protect. PEOPLE GOVERNMENT GOD OLD WAY JEFFERSON

13 Revolution & Independence I. Objective #1 A. 2 nd Continental Congress 1. Meets in Philadelphia in ALL COLONIES there to decide what to do??? a. Declare Independence???.. War b. Talk to Britain and Make-up??..Stay Friends B. Actions before TREASON (a.k.a. Independence) 1. Create Army to defend Colonies from British (War?) a. George Washington Chosen as GENERAL b. Send him to Boston to help city 2. Olive Branch Petition sent to King George III a. Hopes to save peace & keep colonies British b. King refuses to read it C. Declaration of Independence 1. Britain refuses to talk to Colonist a. Even Ben Franklin is blasted by British and he did not want independence -Franklin comes home and supports independence b. Sends more troops We must conquer them or leave them to themselves -King George III 2. Congress votes for Independence a. Congress are men of the Enlightenment *Educated men use Reason (Scientific Method) b. Needs to explain to world (educated) that they had REASONS for overthrowing a Government (IT S A BIG DEAL!!) *Might get help from other countries

14 II. Objective #2 A. Written by Thomas Jefferson 1. Committee with Ben Franklin /John Adams (+2others) a. Still did not have total support 2. From Virginia- will help get southern colonies to support independence 3. Respected writer and thinker a. Used other documents from colonies and world to put together ideas B. Announces the beliefs, goals & rights in 4 sections 1. Preamble (Introduction) a. Just like introductory paragraph in essay 2. List of Natural Rights a. All Men Created Equal (Really.. who?) b. Life Liberty & Pursuit of Happiness 3. List of Complaints -Unfair Taxes -No Representation -Slavery?????? 4. Claim of Independence a. Announcing the NEW United States C. Explains reason for overthrowing GOVERNMENT 1. Gov t must protect Natural Rights from God a. Natural Rights: 1. Life 2. Liberty 3. Pursuit of Happiness -Are these easy to define?????? b. If rights aren t protected then Government should be taken down by THE PEOPLE OLD WAY JEFFERSON

15 D. Big Disagreements!! 1. People are not happy with Declaration a. Wrong wording & Want more Issues Added b. Slavery- South almost ends the Congress (Slavery taken out of Declaration) E. July 4, 1776 **All 13 Colonies vote for signing Declaration (had to be unanimous- everyone!!) III. Objective #3 A. United Colonies/States Choose to Fight 1. Before 1775 a. Militias- Citizen Soldiers from each colony b. Example Lexington & Concord nd Continental Congress creates Army a. George Washington chosen as General b. Still very poor.. mostly farmers B. Advantage / Disadvantage 1. United States (Colonies) a. Small, unorganized, poorly trained b. NO NAVY (must march to move) 2. Great Britain a. Best Army Professional Soldiers (It s their JOB) *Use Mercenaries- King George III hires German Hessians to help fight colonist b. Best Navy- Blockades colonies from help *Helps move troops fast up and down colonies C. HOW U.S. & Washington Survive 1. Never get cornered

16 a. Washington constantly moves (even after win) 2. Use Guerilla Tactics- Secret attacks and hit & run IMPORTANT BATTLES A. Early Battles 1. Ticonderoga (U.S. Wins at Fort) a. Greene Mnt. Boys capture fort and drag cannons through snow to Washington in Boston 2. Bunker Hill (British kick butt outside Boston) a. Washington runs to save army b. 1 st Real Battle between armies B. Starting to WIN 1. Battle of Trenton (First big U.S. WIN) a. Secret attack on Christmas Night b. Defeat Hessians and gives morale boost 2. Battle of Saratoga (U.S. Win) a. Large part of British army captured b. CONVINCES FRANCE & SPAIN TO HELP!!

17 IV. Objective #4 A. Getting Help 1. U.S. Needed help from Europe a. Battle of Saratoga Convinced France to help 2. France Helps- Sends troops, and NAVY a. Navy keeps British from running or fast attack B. U.S. has some advantages 1. Colonist know the land and climate a. Can hide better and get help from people 2. England is far away for supplies C. Victory!!!!!! 1. Battle of Yorktown (1781) a. British (led by Cornwallis) set-up in Virginia b. French & U.S troops march to Virginia **KEY: French navy had beat British navy and trapped the British c. Cornwallis surrenders to Washington 2. Treaty of Paris (1783) a. British recognize U.S. as INDEPENDENT!!! War to 1783 = NINE YEARS OF FIGHTING!!! *Many who signed Declaration of Independence lost EVERYTHING!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! *What type of country will be created??? Will there be more revolutions since one started this country???

18 Revolution & Independence I. Objective #1 A. 2 nd Continental 1. Meets in in 2. COLONIES there to decide what to do??? a. Declare Independence???.. War b. Talk to Britain and Make-up??..Stay Friends B. Actions before (a.k.a. Independence) 1. Create to defend Colonies from British (War?) a. Chosen as GENERAL b. Send him to Boston to help city 2. sent to King George III a. Hopes to save peace & keep colonies British b. King refuses to read it C. Declaration of 1. Britain refuses to talk to Colonist a. Even is blasted by British and he did not want independence -Franklin comes home and supports independence b. We must conquer them or leave them to themselves -King George III 2. Congress votes for Independence a. Congress are men of the *Educated men use (Scientific Method) b. Needs to to world (educated) that they had for overthrowing a (IT S A BIG DEAL!!) *Might get from other

19 II. Objective #2 A. Written by 1. Committee with Ben /John (+2others) a. Still did not have total support 2. From - will help get colonies to support independence 3. Respected writer and thinker a. Used other documents from colonies and world to put together ideas B. Announces the beliefs, goals & rights in 4 sections 1. (Introduction) a. Just like introductory paragraph in essay 2. a. All Men Created (Really.. who?) b. 3. List of -Unfair -No -?????? 4. Claim of a. Announcing the NEW C. Explains reason for GOVERNMENT 1. Gov t must protect from God a. Natural Rights: Are these easy to define?????? b. If rights aren t protected then Government should be taken down by OLD WAY JEFFERSON

20 D. Big Disagreements!! 1. People are not happy with Declaration a. Wrong wording & Want more Issues Added b. - South almost ends the Congress (Slavery taken out of Declaration) E. ** Colonies vote for signing Declaration (had to be - everyone!!) III. Objective #3 A. United Colonies/States Choose to Fight 1. Before 1775 a. - Citizen Soldiers from each colony b. Example Lexington & Concord creates a. chosen as General b. Still very poor.. mostly farmers B. Advantage / Disadvantage 1. United States (Colonies) a. b. NO (must march to move) 2. Great Britain a. Best Professional Soldiers ( ) *Use - King George III hires German Hessians to help fight colonist b. Best - Blockades colonies from help *Helps move troops fast up and down colonies C. HOW U.S. & Washington Survive 1. Never get

21 a. Washington (even after win) 2. Use Tactics- Secret attacks and

22 IMPORTANT BATTLES A. Early Battles 1. (U.S. Wins at Fort) a. Greene Mnt. Boys capture fort and drag cannons through snow to Washington in Boston 2. (British kick butt outside Boston) a. Washington b. 1 st Real Battle between armies B. Starting to WIN 1. Battle of (First big U.S. WIN) a. Secret attack on b. Defeat Hessians and gives morale boost 2. Battle of (U.S. Win) a. Large part of British army captured b. CONVINCES & TO HELP!!

23 IV. Objective #4 A. Getting Help 1. U.S. Needed help from a. Battle of Saratoga Convinced to help 2. France Helps- Sends, and a. Navy keeps from running or fast attack B. U.S. has some advantages 1. Colonist know the and a. Can hide better and get help from people 2. England is far away for C. Victory!!!!!! 1. Battle of ( ) a. British (led by ) set-up in Virginia b. & troops march to Virginia **KEY: had beat British navy and trapped the British c. surrenders to 2. Treaty of (1783) a. British recognize U.S. as!!! War to 1783 = NINE YEARS OF FIGHTING!!! *Many who signed Declaration of Independence lost EVERYTHING!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! *What type of country will be created??? Will there be more revolutions since one started this country???

24 Name # Period 1776 MAKE-UP Declaring Independence: Read pages in U.S. Book and answer the following questions: ***If you miss 1 Day of the movie....only complete # s Would you have agreed with Thomas Pain? Explain (3 Sentences for or against his argument). 2. Explain the meaning of our nation s motto E pluribus unum Explain what in LITERALLY means and then why you think it was chosen: 3. Identify Thomas Jefferson s three arguments outlined in the Declaration of Independence. (number them 1, 2, 3) 4. What is the significance of the Declaration of Independence, meaning why was it such a big idea, how did it really make the war the much more important to win? 5. Differentiate between a loyalist and patriot. 6. How would you have reacted if you were a Patriot and your friend was Loyalist? 7. Why do you think the Declaration of Independence did not address the rights of women, enslaved African Americans and Native Americans? 8. Read the quote by Abigail Adams on page 120 how are her concerns similar to something we have already talked about????

25 Name Period Date 1776 Make-up Revolution & Independence Mr. Fleck 7 th Social Studies 50pts. Directions: Complete the activity below and the worksheet on the backside of this sheet. Activity #1- Read U.S and answer the following questions. 1. Pg. 116 #3 a. b. 2. Pg Copy the Main Ideas from left margin Pg. 121 #2 a. b. c. 4. Pg. 123 List 4 reasons Thomas Jefferson writes in the Declaration of Independence that the U.S. is declaring independence. (You don t have to write our word for word) a. b. c. d.

26 Name Period Date 1776 Video Review Revolution & Independence 40pts. 2pts. Each 1. What person seems to want independence the most in Congress (he s not liked)? 2. Which region of the colonies is most against to declaring independence? 3. What colony finally gets Congress to openly talk about independence (1 of the 1 st 2)? 4. Who is the president of the 2 nd Continental Congress? 5. What is John Adam s wife s name? 6. What state is Mr. Jefferson from? 7. Who s son was the Royal governor of New Jersey and liked the British? 8. Who constantly sends messages to the 2 nd Continental Congress? 9. Name two people besides Thomas Jefferson that are chosen to serve on the committee for writing the Declaration of Independence. 10. What bird does Benjamin Franklin want to be the symbol of America? 11. How many of the colonies must vote for independence for the vote to count? 12. What does Jefferson call King George in the Declaration of Independence (T-word)? 13. What issue in the Declaration of Independence upsets the southern colonies so much that they walk out of the Congress? 14. Who signs his name larger than anyone else? 15. What was Mr. Fleck s favorite part of the movie? Short Answer - 10pts. 16. Describe your favorite scene from the movie. Describe the scene that you believe showed the real problems that the Congress faced. Explain why you chose these scenes.

27 Name Period Date 1776 Video Review Revolution & Independence 50pts. 2pts. Each 1. What person seems to want independence the most in Congress (he s not liked)? 2. Which region of the colonies is most against to declaring independence? 3. What colony finally gets Congress to openly talk about independence (1 of the 1 st 2)? 4. Who is the president of the 2 nd Continental Congress? 5. What is John Adam s wife s name? Short Answer #1-5pts. 6. Describe the difference in how the northern men and the ones from the southern colonies dress. Is there anything else different? 7. Who s son was the Royal governor of New Jersey and liked the British? 8. Who constantly sends messages to the 2 nd Continental Congress? 9. Name two people besides Thomas Jefferson that are chosen to serve on the committee for writing the Declaration of Independence. 10. What bird does Benjamin Franklin want to be the symbol of America? Short Answer #2-5pts. 11. Describe the feeling in the Congress when Gen. Washington s messages are read. Does it sound like the colonies are winning? How do these messages seem to affect Congress? 12. How many of the colonies must vote for independence for the vote to count? 13. What does Jefferson call King George in the Declaration of Independence (T-word)? 14. What issue in the Declaration of Independence upsets the southern colonies so much that they walk out of the Congress?

28 Short Answer #3-5pts. 15. How does the Congress react to Jefferson s final draft of the Declaration of Independence. What issue caused the most problems? What one word would Jefferson not let them change?(starts with t) 16. Why does John Hancock sign his name so large on the Declaration of Independence? 17. What was the mood when the Declaration was finally passed? 18. What date was the Declaration of Independence signed? Short Answer #4-5pts. 19. Describe your favorite scene from the movie. Describe the scene that you believe showed the real problems that the Congress faced. Explain why you chose these scenes. BONUS- 10 WOW POINTS 2pts. Each 1. Name of Ben Franklin s foot illness. 2. What state is Thomas Jefferson from? 3. What does Mr. Dickinson do when he leaves Congress because he won t sign the declaration? 4. Finish this quote by Ben Franklin: If we do no not together we most certainly shall separately. 5. What part do you think Mr. Fleck liked the most?

29 Name Period Date Mapping Revolutionary War 7th Social Studies 80pts. Book Mark: US pages 115, 127, 130. American Journey: 144, 166, 170, 178 Directions: Read the following paragraphs. After you have read the paragraph, decide what important geographic, political or historical information in that paragraph should be placed on your map. List the item or items on the line and write a description of why they are important. Mapping- 7pts. Each 7pts. Map Item Correct / Description / Correct on Map & Labeled / 6-5 Map Item Correct / generally correct on Map 4-3pts. Poor Map Item Choice / Missing from Map 2-1pt. Poor Item Choice and Missing from Map or Mislabeled on map 1. As the Second Continental Congress debated Independence in Philadelphia, colonists were forced to take sides. Those who favored Independence became known as Patriots. Those who wanted to remain with Britain, on the other hand, were called Tories or Loyalists. Although it is difficult to know the exact number of colonists who remained loyal to Britain, estimates are as high as 20%. a. 2. In the early parts of the Revolutionary war, Boston was the center of conflict. Realizing that the key to taking Boston was to have cannons, Benedict Arnold and the Green Mountain Boys were sent to Fort Ticonderoga in New York. In May of 1775, Arnold and his men took Ticonderoga, and these cannon were later used to take back Boston from the British. On June 17, 1775 a battle erupted outside Boston that would demonstrate to the British how challenging this war was going to become. British troops awoke to find poorly trained and equipped minutemen occupying higher ground on Breeds Hill. 2,400 Redcoats were sent to take the hill, but were twice held back by 1,600 determined colonists. After the third advance, the colonists were forced to retreat. Despite losing this battle, which is mistakenly called the Battle of Bunker Hill, the militias proved to the British just how hard they were prepared to fight. a. b. 3. A huge part of the British battle plan involved taking the city of New York. Capturing New York would provide the British access to the Hudson river, which would then separate the New England from the Middle Colonies. In 1776, General William Howe and 32,000 British troops were able to take New York. In order to keep his badly outnumbered troops from being taken, George Washington stayed on the move, retreating across New Jersey and into Pennsylvania. a. b. 4. In December of 1776, the situation for the Continental Army was bleak. At the end of the year, many soldiers one-year enlistment would be up. Many soldiers were completing this commitment and then heading home, others were simply deserting due to the poor conditions and present state of the war. At this moment, George Washington took a gamble. On the Christmas night 1776, Washington led 2,400 troops across the icy Delaware River, taking 900 German Mercenaries (hired soldiers) called Hessians captive. This victory at Trenton, New Jersey and one that quickly followed at Princeton, again rallied colonists in a move for freedom. a. b.

30 5. The war would officially turn in favor of the colonists in On October 17, 1777, British General John Burgoyne and 5,700 British troops were captured in Saratoga, New York. This victory convinced two of Britain s longtime rivals, Spain and France that now was the time to support the Patriots. Although the sending of troops and supplies from Spain and France was key, the biggest help they provided were ships. The French Navy would later play a huge role in defeating the British. a. b. 6. Even with foreign support, the Patriots faced many challenges. In the Winter of 1777, Washington and 12,000 troops camped at Valley Forge, just north of Philadelphia. During this winter, 2,000 troops died of malnutrition, disease, and pneumonia. Those that survived the winter came out better trained, as German Baron Friedrich von Steuben drilled the troops throughout the time in Valley Forge. a. 7. As the war in New England waged on, Britain shifted their war strategy, instead focusing on the Southern Colonies. Here they hoped to gain support from the many loyalists in Georgia, the Carolinas, and Virginia. The Patriot forces used guerilla tactics in fighting back, but still the outcome of the war seemed to be in favor of the British. This all changed in Yorktown, Virginia in September and October of Here, General Charles Cornwallis was surrounded by a combination of American and French forces. French naval vessels prevented the British troops from escaping by sea. After a roughly 3 weeks of non-stop bombardment, General Cornwallis and his 9,000 troops surrendered to General Washington on October 17, The war for Independence was effectively over. a. b. Copy the chart from page 127 of the United States history book Colonial Forces British Forces Strengths Strengths: Weaknesses: Weaknesses 20pts. NEATNESS & COMPLETION

31 III. Objective #3 A. United Colonies/States Choose to Fight 1. Before 1775 a. Militias- Citizen Soldiers from each colony b. Example Lexington & Concord nd Continental Congress creates Army a. George Washington chosen as General b. Still very poor.. mostly farmers B. Advantage / Disadvantage 1. United States (Colonies) a. Small, unorganized, poorly trained b. NO NAVY (must march to move) 2. Great Britain a. Best Army Professional Soldiers (It s their JOB) *Use Mercenaries- King George III hires German Hessians to help fight colonist b. Best Navy- Blockades colonies from help *Helps move troops fast up and down colonies C. HOW U.S. & Washington Survive 1. Never get cornered a. Washington constantly moves (even after win) 2. Use Guerilla Tactics- Secret attacks and hit & run OPENER ACTIVITY.. Complete in your SPIRAL 1. Copy OBJ #3 Notes into your Lesson Packet 2. Use your notes & the map on U.S. pg. 127 to match the following facts under a CHART IN YOUR SPIRAL labeled AMERICANS & BRITISH **Next to each fact you put under America or British also write Advantage or Disadvantage FAR FROM HOME HELP FROM FRANCE/SPAIN UNTRAINED SOLDIERS HAD TO MARCH TO EACH BATTLE HELP OF GERMAN MERCENARRIES TRAINED PROFESSIONAL ARMY FOUGHT FOR THEIR OWN RIGHTS LARGE POWERFUL NAVY USED GUERILLA TACTICS (HIT & RUN) FOUGHT ON THEIR OWN TERRITORY

32 Name Period Date Internet Activity Revolution & Independence 7 th Social Studies 50pts. Directions: Complete the following activity by reviewing the information found on the websites below. Be sure to read instructions, questions and information from the sites carefully. Website #1: Section #A Click on Perspectives on Liberty near the top of the page. Then once on the next page click on Military Perspectives. Answer the following questions by placing your cursor on different parts of the soldiers, or on the words to the right of the picture. 1. What was the difference between the officers and the enlisted in both the British and U.S. armies? 2. Under Terrain, explain advantages that U.S. soldiers had over the British. 3. Choose a Topic- Look up one of the other sections and compare the British and U.S. soldiers (ex.-gear) Section #B Click on Global Village on the left side of the Military Perspectives page. Then put your cursor on the red dots located on the world map. Complete the requirements below. 1. Place your cursor on a dot in the United States and write a brief description. 2. Place your cursor on a dot in the United States and write a brief description. 3. Place your cursor on a dot from somewhere else in the world and write a brief description. Section #C Click on Chronicles of the Revolution on the top menu bar of the website. Choose one of the links on this page to lead you to a newspaper front page from the day. Complete the activity below. 1. Headline & Date:

33 2. Importance of Event:

34 Website #2: Scroll down the page to see all the pictures to look at. Section #A Click on a picture. On most of the picture pages you can click on the image to see it larger. 1. Name of Painting: Artist: 2. Date it was painted: Date of Event for real: 3. Describe the painting and what it shows. Is it an American or British viewpoint? Section #B Click on a picture. On most of the picture pages you can click on the image to see it larger. 1. Name of Painting: Artist: 2. Date it was painted: Date of Event for real: 3. Describe the painting and what it shows. Is it an American or British viewpoint? Section #C Click on the Declaration of Independence Picture. 1. Name of Painting: Artist: 2. Date it was painted: Date of Event for real: 3. What two (2) traits do all the people in this room have in common? 4. Name something about this picture that is wrong (it s in the reading) 5. Click on the Key to Figures in Picture link, identify the following people by number. #31. #32. #33. #34. #35. #43.

35 The Olive Branch Petition What is the Olive Branch Petition and how did it come about? Many Americans did not want to break away forever from Great Britain. Many were angry with British policies and treatment, but they thought that an agreement could somehow be reached with the King that would right the wrongs done to them. Declaring independence was a hope of some of the patriots, but not of most. Even when the Second Continental Congress met for the first time in May 1775, the majority was not yet ready to declare independence. There was a small group of delegates, including John Adams, who were ready to declare independence at this time, but the more moderate voices prevailed. The moderate faction was led by John Dickinson of Pennsylvania, probably the most conservative and loyal member of Congress. The radical faction decided it was wiser at this time to let the moderates have their way because they believed war with Britain was inevitable. They would wait until events persuaded more moderates to join their side. The Congress decided to send a last appeal to King George III asking him to intervene in their behalf. The First Continental Congress and many of the individual colonies had sent numerous appeals to the Parliament and to the King, none of which had persuaded them to change their treatment of the Americans. Still hoping that they could avoid the Revolutionary War, they sent one last letter to the King. The Americans hoped that King George III was not fully aware of how the Parliament had been treating the Americans. So they sent the letter directly to the King, detailing the abuses they had received from Parliament and from local British officials. They couched their letter in terms that placed all the guilt with Parliament and British officials such as the Royal Governors. They did this so as not to offend the king and in hopes that he, being unaware of the treatment, would come to their defense. A. The Olive Branch Petition On June 3rd, 1775, the Congress passed a resolution forming a committee to draft a letter to the King. The members of this committee were Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Johnson, John Rutledge, John Jay and William Livingston. This committee presented its letter to the Committee of the Whole (the whole Congress) on June 24, but it was not approved. Instead, on July 6th the Congress reconsidered the matter and sent the committee back to form another proposal, adding John Dickinson and Thomas Jefferson to the committee. Thomas Jefferson wrote the first draft, but John Dickinson, especially, thought the draft was too harsh and would only anger the king. So he was given permission to make alterations to Jefferson's draft. On July 8th Dickinson's version was presented to Congress and approved, but not unanimously. This letter has come to be known as the Olive Branch Petition, because it extended an offer of reconciliation to the King. The Olive Branch is of course a symbol of peace. It has also been called the "Humble Petition" and the "Second Petition to the King." The letter affirmed the loyalty of the colonists to the King and assured him that they did not seek independence, only redress of their grievances. Congress' vote in support of Dickinson's draft, which was much more fawning in its tone toward the king, showed Congress' willingness to give those who held Dickinson's views one last chance at reconciliation, though they generally didn't believe it would work. The Olive Branch petition was signed by 48 members of Congress and entrusted to Richard Penn of Pennsylvania, a descendant of William Penn, the founder of the colony. Penn left America on July 14th and arrived in London on August 14th. He delivered the letter to Arthur Lee, who was the Agent in England for the Massachusetts Colony. 44

36 B. King George's Response to the Olive Branch Petition On August 21st, Penn and Lee presented a copy of the letter to Lord Dartmouth, who was the Secretary of State for the American colonies. Lord Dartmouth tried to present the letter to the King, but he would not receive it. The day Congress approved the Olive Branch Petition, July 8, John Adams, in disgust, had written two letters, one to his wife, Abigail and the other to General James Warren. The letter to General Warren in particular, expressed his disapproval of the petition, and revealed certain war preparations. The letter was also very critical of John Dickinson. This letter was intercepted by the British and published publicly. So when the King and Parliament were presented with the Olive Branch Petition, they didn't really take it seriously. The Americans were still preparing for war in spite of this letter. On August 23, the King published a proclamation declaring that the colonies in America were now in a state of fullscale rebellion. The proclamation also required that all British subjects anywhere were to assist in putting down the rebellion. This made it an act of treason for any British subject to defend the American cause in any way. On September 1st, Richard Penn and Arthur Lee went back to Lord Dartmouth to see if there was a response from the King. He informed them that the King would not even receive their petition. On September 2nd, Penn and Lee sent this short message to the Continental Congress: "On the 21st of last month, we sent to the Secretary of State for America, a copy of the Petition from the general Congress; and yesterday, the first moment that was permitted us, we presented to him the Original, which his lordship promised to deliver to his Majesty. We thought it our duty to press his Lordship to obtain an answer; but we were told that his Majesty did not receive it on the throne, no answer would be given. your most faithful Servants Richard Penn Arthur Lee" On November 7th, the Olive Branch Petition was presented to the House of Commons and a motion was made that they consider this petition the basis for an effort at reconciliation. The motion was defeated C. The Americans' Response The Congress in Philadelphia received the message from Penn and Lee on November 9th, 1775 informing them that the King would not receive their petition of peace. This was a strong blow to those such as John Dickinson who hoped to avoid war. The radicals began to gain power now as word of the King's rejection of their peace offer began to spread. Many colonists who had hoped for reconciliation now knew that it was impossible. After hearing of the King's rejection of the Olive Branch Petition, many colonists were furious. Abigail Adams, the wife of John Adams, wrote this to her husband after hearing of the refusal, "Let us separate, they are unworthy to be our Brethren. Let us renounce them and instead of supplications as formerly for their prosperity and happiness, Let us beseech the almighty to blast their councils and bring to nought all their devices." Her view accurately reflects the opinions of many at the time. The colonists began to see the King as openly hostile to them. He was abridging their rights, making various rulings affecting them without their consent, amassing armies against them and refusing to even receive their petitions. The next spring, Thomas Paine published his pamphlet called Common Sense, that outlined the King's abuses and stated outright that the colonists had a right to throw off British rule because of its tyrannical ways. Common Sense convinced many colonists that independence and a Revolutionary War were justified. All of these events set the stage for the Declaration of Independence that would be declared in July 1776, only a few months later.

37 King s Response to the Olive Branch Petition On September 1st, Richard Penn and Arthur Lee went back to Lord Dartmouth to see if there was a from the King. He informed them that the would not even receive their petition. On September 2nd, Penn and Lee sent this short message to the 2 nd Continental : "On the 21st of last, we sent to the Secretary of State for America, a copy of the from the general Congress; and yesterday, the first moment that was permitted us, we presented to him the Original, which his lordship promised to deliver to his Majesty. We thought it our duty to press his Lordship to obtain an ; but we were told that his did not receive it on the throne, no answer would be given. your most faithful Servants Richard Penn Arthur Lee" On November 7th, the Olive Branch Petition was presented to the House of Commons and a motion was made that they consider this petition the basis for an effort at reconciliation. The motion was The American Reaction The Congress in (city) received the message from Penn and Lee on November 9th, 1775 informing them that the would not receive their petition of peace. This was a strong blow to those such as John Dickinson who hoped to avoid. The radicals began to gain power now as word of the King's rejection of their peace offer began to spread. Many who had hoped for reconciliation now knew that it was. After hearing of the King's rejection of the, many colonists were furious. Abigail Adams, the of John Adams, wrote this to her husband after hearing of the refusal, "Let us separate, they are unworthy to be our Brethren. Let us renounce them and instead of supplications as formerly for their prosperity and happiness,.... The colonists began to see the King as openly to them. He was abridging their rights, making various rulings affecting them without their consent, amassing against them and refusing to even receive their petitions. The next spring, Thomas Paine published his pamphlet called Common Sense, that outlined the King's and stated outright that the colonists had a right to throw off British because of its tyrannical ways. Common Sense convinced many colonists that and a Revolutionary War were. All of these events set the stage for the Declaration of Independence that would be declared in July 1776, only a few months later.

38 Preamble: Circle what word you think matches best with the term Jefferson used: Political Bonds Government Armies Charity Groups Finish this sentence-..., a decent respect to the opinion of mankind requires that they should Declaration of Rights: Circle what term you think matches best with the term Jefferson used: Self-Evident Confusing No Duh Hard to Read Name the 3 Unalienable Rights Circle who has the right to make a new government if the old one does not protect the above rights? Church King GOD The People Define Tyranny: List of Wrongs done by the King: Write 5 words from this list of issues that are STRONG POWERFUL words of description against the king: Write out 1 grievance sentence that matches the topics below: Used troops against us. Taking Away Rights. Hurt our businesses / trade. Declaration: Finish this sentence... That these United Colonies are,, and of the right to be and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and out to be... What did the signers pledge?

39 The 56 signatures on the Declaration appear in the positions indicated: Column 1 Georgia: Button Gwinnett Lyman Hall George Walton Column 2 North Carolina: William Hooper Joseph Hewes John Penn South Carolina: Edward Rutledge Thomas Heyward, Jr. Thomas Lynch, Jr. Arthur Middleton Column 3 Massachusetts: John Hancock Maryland: Samuel Chase William Paca Thomas Stone Charles Carroll of Carrollton Virginia: George Wythe Richard Henry Lee Thomas Jefferson Benjamin Harrison Thomas Nelson, Jr. Francis Lightfoot Lee Carter Braxton Column 4 Pennsylvania: Robert Morris Benjamin Rush Benjamin Franklin John Morton George Clymer James Smith George Taylor James Wilson George Ross

40 Delaware: Caesar Rodney George Read Thomas McKean Column 5 New York: William Floyd Philip Livingston Francis Lewis Lewis Morris New Jersey: Richard Stockton John Witherspoon Francis Hopkinson John Hart Abraham Clark Column 6 New Hampshire: Josiah Bartlett William Whipple Massachusetts: Samuel Adams John Adams Robert Treat Paine Elbridge Gerry Rhode Island: Stephen Hopkins William Ellery Connecticut: Roger Sherman Samuel Huntington William Williams Oliver Wolcott New Hampshire: Matthew Thornton

41 In Congress, July 4, The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America, Preamble When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and Nature s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. Declaration of Natural Rights We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.- That to secure those rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, - That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. OLD Endowed provided Impel force Despotism unlimited power NEW GDO OVGRNENTEM EPPOEL

42 Name Period Date Video: The Story of Us (History Channel) Revolution Season 1 Ep. 2 50pts. DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions and take notes in the areas provided while watching the video. WOW! Points are always available for detailed or extra note taking. Define or Identify the Following: General Washington: Saratoga: Red Coats: Colonist/Rebels Draw an arrow to the matching box for each of the following words or terms that best fits Unorganized Powerful Had Navy Land Helps New Tactics Help from Others Suffered British YEARS Mentioned: ``` 17 WON Years Mentioned Interesting! Yorktown

43 Together: Compose a complete sentence using terms and ideas you saw on the video to describe the following. Like a Topic sentence. Describe the British POWER. Describe how American s CHANGED WAR.. Why did AMERICANS WIN?? Additional Note Space:

44 THE BATTLE OF FORT TICONDEROGA:May 11, 1775 at Fort Ticonderoga, New York As the American force continued to gather around Boston during the siege, they realized that they did not have the munitions or cannon to carry out successful siege or military operations. Fort Ticonderoga, which is located on Lake Champlain, became an objective for its stores of munitions and the strategic position of control that it held over the waterways to Canada. As a result, expeditions began to be planned to capture the fort. Col. Benedict Arnold proposed the capture of Ticonderoga and Crown Point, and the plan was approved by Dr. Joseph Warren, chairman of the Committee of Safety. Arnold was commissioned as colonel by the Provincial Congress of Massachusetts. He was directed to raise 400 troops in the western counties and surprise the forts. The same scheme had been entertained in Connecticut, and troops from that colony and from Berkshire, with a number of "Green Mountain Boys," had already started for the lakes under command of Col. Ethan Allen. Allen was made colonel of an armed force known as the "Green Mountain Boys," raised in order to protect holders of land granted by New Hampshire. He was declared an outlaw, and 150 was offered for his capture by New York's Gov.?? Tryon. Upon meeting them, Arnold claimed the command, but when it was refused he joined the expedition as a volunteer and entered Fort Ticonderoga side by side with Allen. A few days later, Arnold captured St. John's. Massachusetts asked Connecticut to put him in command of these posts, but Connecticut preferred Allen. When Arnold learned of Allen's expedition, he left his men behind and hurried to catch up with Allen. Arnold caught up with Allen and tried to take command of the expedition on the authority of the Massachusetts Committee of Safety, but since he had none of his own men and the Green Mountain Boys would not follow him, it was agreed that the 2 men would share command. On May 9, Benedict Arnold arrived in Castleton and insisted that he was taking command of the operation, based on his orders and commission from the Massachusetts Committee of Safety. Many of the Green Mountain Boys objected, insisting that they would go home rather than serve under anyone but Ethan Allen. Arnold and Allen worked out an agreement, but no documented evidence exists about what the terms of the agreement were. According to Arnold, he was given joint command of the operation. Some historians have supported Arnold's contention, while others suggest he was merely given the right to march next to Allen. On May 10, at dawn, the Patriots slipped into the fort. Most of the dozen British soldiers garrisoned there were still asleep. As dawn approached, fearful of losing the element of surprise, they attacked. Surprising the only sentry on duty at the south gate, they rushed into the fort. Allen and Arnold charged up the stairs into the officer's quarters and demanded surrender, which they got. As they entered the officers' quarters, Allen is said to have yelled, "Come out of there, you damned old rat!" Although in his memoirs, Allen later wrote that he had said, "in the name of the Great Jehovah and the Continental Congress." The commander of the fort appeared and quickly surrendered the fort. Fort Ticonderoga was not the fortress it had been in It had largely fallen into disrepair and the garrison consisted of only 2 officers and 50 men. But, it still had a large stock of artillery. Only one shot was fired, and there were no serious injuries on either side. Both American leaders were ordered to take the approximately 100 cannon stored in the fort. They did not arrive in Boston until January 1776.

45 The Committee of Correspondence Instructions to Silas Deane: Philadelphia, March 3 rd, 1776 Note: Silas Deane was sent to Paris, France, instructed to act as a tourist and merchant interested in selling product there. Deanes instruction was to try to arrange a meeting with French foreign minister Vergennes. If this meeting was arranged, the following was what Silas Deane was expected to relay: At this audience if agreed to, it may be well to show him your first letter of credence, and then acquaint him that the Congress, finding that in the common course of commerce, it was not practicable to furnish the continent of America with the quantity of arms and ammunition necessary for its defense, (the Ministry of Great Britain having been extremely industrious to prevent it) you had been dispatched by their authority to apply to some European power for a supply. That France had been pitched upon for the first application, from an opinion, that it we should, as there is a great appearance we shall, come to a total separation from Great Britain, France would be looked upon as the Power, whose friendship it would be fittest for us to obtain and cultivate. That the commercial advantages Britain had enjoyed with the colonies had contributed greatly to her late wealth and importance. That it is likely great part of our commerce will naturally fall to the share of France; especially if she favors us that as our trade was rapidly increasing with our increase of people, and in a great proportion her part of it will be extremely valuable. That the supply we at present want, is clothing and arms for twenty-five thousand men with a suitable quantity of ammunition and one hundred field pieces. Signed, B. Franklin Benj. Harrison John Dickinson Robert Morris John Jay

46 York Town is Won! Cornwallis sword is delivered to American Sources The World turned upside down. YORKTOWN, VIRGINIA October 19, In a stunning reversal of fortune that may signal the end of fighting in the American colonies, Charles Lord Cornwallis today signed orders surrendering his British Army to a combined French and American force outside the Virginia tobacco port of Yorktown. Cornwallis' second-in-command, Charles O'Hara, attempted to deliver Cornwallis's sword to French general, Comte de Rochambeau. But Rochambeau directed O'Hara to American General George Washington, who coolly steered the British officer to Washington's own second in command, Major General Benjamin Lincoln. Thus ended a three-week old siege which had begun with the miraculous convergence of French and American forces on the Chesapeake Bay. With just a brief window of opportunity to pin Cornwallis in Virginia, Washington and Rochambeau raced southward from New York to link up with the French fleet under Admiral Comte de Grasse in Chesapeake Bay. They arrived just in time to corner the British, who were anticipating relief that never came from either General Henry Clinton or the British fleet. Off shore, the French fleet effectively blocked aid from Cornwallis. On shore, the incessant shelling of the French and American guns made life miserable for the British troops. When a British officer finally appeared with a white flag on the parapet surrounding Yorktown, the French and American guns fell quiet. The Continental forces let go a momentous cheer until Washington ordered it silenced. "Let history huzzah for you," he was heard to shout. Cornwallis' surrender ended a disastrous southern campaign for the British army. Britain's strategy an attempt to incorporate loyalist support with British efforts had begun with high hopes and a victory in Charleston, South Carolina just a year and a half before. But the plan backfired as loyalist and Patriot forces in the south fought a series of savage fights that left both sides bloodied, but only the Patriots unbowed. Cornwallis limped into Virginia in late summer trailed by a force led by the The Marquis de Lafayette, long a supporter of American efforts both as a soldier in this country, and as an advocate for the cause in France. As Cornwallis' 8,000 man force became prisoners-of-war, the British band played the The World Turned Upside Down, a tune that underscored the strange turn of events which had brought defeat at the hands of the provincial forces of America, to the most powerful country in Europe. As the "world war" engendered by the American Revolution continues to plague British foreign policy, it looks more and more likely that King George and Parliament will cut its losses in the colonies and begin a withdrawal of troops.

47 Committee of Secret Correspondence Instructions to Silas Deane (Jan. 1776) 1. From the UNDERLINE, paraphrase what is happening in America 2. From the BOLD, what is Deane offering France? 3. From the ITALICS, what is Deane requesting? Evidence to support why French assistance was SOOOOO important using ARTICLE and Map Questions from Article/ Map: 4) From the article, who was forced to surrender? 5) Explain the impact FRANCE had on this battle (use evidence from Article AND map) 6) SIEGE means to surround, what WORDS from the text provide HINTS to show this is what happened in the battle?

48 Name Period Date Mapping the Fight Revolution & Independence Mr. Fleck 7 th Social Studies 50pts. Directions: Follow the instructions listed below in order to complete the map on the backside of this sheet. 1. SHADE and LABEL the following bodies of water BLUE. 2pts. Each -Atlantic Ocean -Gulf of Mexico -Lake Michigan -Lake Superior 2. SHADE and LABEL the following rivers BLUE. 2pts. Each -Mississippi River -Hudson -Ohio River 3. LABEL and PLACE a RED DOT on the following cities. 2pts. Each -New York -Charleston -Boston -Philadelphia 4. CIRCLE and LABEL the following battle locations ORANGE. 2pts. Each -Yorktown -Bunker Hill -Saratoga -Ticonderoga 5. LABEL all the original 13 colonies on the map. 13pts. 1pt. Each 6. This man was the leader of the American army. 7. This was the location of the American winter camp during The American officer who betrayed the Americans by switching to the British side. 9. Americans that captured Fort Ticonderoga and then took its cannons all the way to Boston. 10. This nation decided to help the Americans in their fight against Britain. 11. This was the final major battle that led to British defeat.

49 Names Period Date Revolution & Independence Mr. Fleck 7 th Social Studies 130pts. Directions: After a country declares independence many decisions about how the new nation will work must be decided. One of the details that must be quickly decided is the type of money to be used, you will be creating the design to best represent the United States after having declared independence from Great Britain and won the Revolutionary War. Follow the rubric below for full credit. DETAILS: -Create a coin -On the coin include One Founding Father (Not Washington or Jefferson) -Create a Symbol that represents an event, battle, or important place from the American Revolution (Not Washington DC, or its monuments because they did not exist yet). -Explain your choice of person, symbol and a motto in written paragraphs with facts 1) 30pts. Choice of Founding Father & Reason (HEAD) Person from Revolution, factual paragraph, well organized with description of person s importance to the revolution Revolutionary Figure, organized paragraph with examples of person s role in revolution Revolutionary Figure, poor paragraph structure, limited use of facts to support choice Limited reason for person s choice of figure, poor paragraph with little or no historical support 9-0 Incomplete Effort 2) 30pts. Symbol of Revolutionary event, battle or place. (TAILS) Symbol w/strong ties to Revolution, factual paragraph, well organized, description of importance to the revolution Revolutionary Symbol, organized paragraph with examples of role in revolution Revolutionary Symbol, poor paragraph structure, limited use of facts to support choice Limited reason for choice of symbol, poor paragraph with little or no historical support 9-0 Incomplete Effort 3) 20pts. Motto to be placed on all bills and coins. The motto should represent the country as a whole. The current motto on United States money is In GOD WE TRUST. I would prefer a motto that represents the struggle that the new United States just faced as you create currency for the America that just won independence Motto w/strong ties to Revolution, factual paragraph, well organized, description of importance to the revolution Revolutionary Motto, organized paragraph with examples of connection to revolution 11-7 Revolutionary Motto, poor paragraph structure, limited use of facts to support choice 6-3 Limited reason for choice of motto, poor paragraph with little or no historical support 2-0 Incomplete Effort 4) 50pts. Neatness and Completion Creation of coin with proper requirements, neatness and effort.. **Before getting started brainstorm with your seat partner what you believe to be the most important or famous people, places, events or symbols from the information we have studied that might be used on you money. Be sure to remember that all decisions must be explained in writing. Founding Fathers List Symbols/representations List

50 1. 30pts. Founding Father Representation 2. 30pts. Symbol Representation 3. 20pts. Motto Selection 4. 50pts. General Presentation & Neatness Final presentation of the mobile should be complete and be colored, neatly organized pts. Well Organized / Neat / Visually Appealing / Colored / Creative all sections of the assignment completed and turned in 44-40pts. Organized / Neat / Colored with all sections of the project attempted and turned in 39-35pts. Poor Organization / Limited Neatness with missing segments of assignment 34-30pts. Incomplete WOW POINTS!!!!!!! TOTAL POINTS!!!!!!!!!!!!!

51 The reverse of the Great Seal features an unfinished pyramid, which Thomson states signifies strength and duration. The pyramid is composed of 13 rows building blocks, on the first of which are the Roman numerals representing The Latin inscription Novus Ordo Seclorum translates to A New Order of the Ages. Thomson explains that this refers to the new form of government. Influenced by the poetry of Virgil, he composed this motto himself, writing that it signified the beginning of the new American Era. At the top of the pyramid is an eye, with rays that emanate in all directions. Above the eye, the Latin motto Annuit Coeptis translates to Providence Has Favored Our Undertakings, which Thomson explains alludes to the many signal interpositions of providence in favor of the American cause. Goldsmith, Stephen L. Symbols on American Money. Philadelphia, 22 May Adobe Reader of

52 Charles Thomson presented his written description of the Great Seal to Congress on June 20, The front of the seal is, in Thomson s words, an American Eagle on the wing and rising. The eagle flies freely, independent of any support, holding in its left talon 13 arrows, signifying war, and in its right talon an olive branch, signifying peace. It is very important which talon holds the arrows and olive branch. The right side signifies dominance. Therefore, arrows shown in the eagle s right talon can be interpreted as a warlike gesture. Failure to adhere to this concept almost got the United States into war. From 1801 to 1807, the eagles on the backs of our silver coins were inadvertently shown with the arrows in the right talon instead of the left. Some European journalists and diplomats interpreted this as an expression of American belligerence and tried to use it as grounds for promoting war with the United States. In response a new design was created in 1807 for the backs of American silver coins. This time, the olive branch representing peace was placed in the dominant right talon, putting an end to the journalistic saber rattling. The eagle holds a banner in its beak with the words E Pluribus Unum, which Thomson translates to mean Out of many, one. Goldsmith, Stephen L. Symbols on American Money. Philadelphia, 22 May Adobe Reader Understood, to mean; to hold closely, follow To make known, to mean To stick to, to do Accidentally Aggressiveness, hostile nature, bad attitude Commanding, exerting authority, ruling

53 Copy and Answer Questions in your Spiral Reference Line numbers for your answers! 1. Choose the closest meaning of the quote an American Eagle on the wing and rising on lines 6 and 7: a. An eagle likes to fly up in the sky b. America is an increasing world power c. America is better than all other nations 2. What do the olive branch and arrows symbolize? 3. Why does it matter which talon (claw) the eagle holds the olive branch or arrow in and what happened when a silver coin was made with the arrows in the right talon? 4. On line 31 the word saber rattling is used. What do you think it means by reading lines 19 to 24? 5. What word do you know in English that is similar to the word Pluribus, used to mean many, that was used on line 32?

54 Names Period Date Unit Exam / Review Project Revolution & Independence Mr. Fleck 7 th Social Studies 160pts. Directions: After a country declares independence many decisions about how the new nation will work must be decided. One of the details that must be quickly decided is the type of money to be used. As a Review / Unit Exam for the Revolution & Independence Unit, you will be deciding what type of money will best represent the United States after having declared independence from Great Britain. Follow the rubric below for full credit. 1) 60pts. Creation and design of one (1) paper bill Must Include: 1 - Representation of a Founding Father 2 - Symbols representing America (The nation or the land) 1 - Motto (A saying or slogan that represents the country) *Will be the same on all bills and coins 1 - Location Scene (A picture on the opposite side of the Representation of the founding father that represents an important place or scene in the young American history) 2) 60pts. Creation and design of two (2) coins Must Include: 1 - Representation of a Founding Father (Per Coin) 1 - Symbol representing America (the nation or the land) 1 - Motto (A saying or slogan that represents the country) *Will be the same on all bills and coins 3) 20pts. Motto to be placed on all bills and coins. The motto should represent the country as a whole. The current motto on United States money is In GOD WE TRUST. I would prefer a motto that represents the struggle that the new United States just faced as you create currency for the America that just won independence. 4) 20pts. Neatness and Completion This project will be completed in class and in groups. This will be a major assignment. Group grades will be awarded based on task time, group teamwork, work distribution, and overall presentation of the finished product. **Before getting started, as a group, brainstorm what you believe to be the most important or famous people, places, events or symbols from the information we have studied that might be used on you money. Be sure to remember that all decisions must be explained in writing. Founding Fathers List Symbols/representations List

55 Unit Exam / Review Project - Revolution & Independence 1. 60pts. The Paper Bill 20pts. Founding Father Representation Reason: Examples: Provide at least two specific examples of why this person should be represented on the new nation s money pts. Good selection & Explanation w/examples 15-12pts. Appropriate selection with acceptable explanation 11-8pts. Acceptable selection with limited reason 8-0pts. Little effort shown with poor explanation 10pts. 1 st Symbol Representation Reason: 10-8pts. Great symbolism and explanation 7-6pts. Acceptable symbol with good explanation 5-4pts. Limited symbolism and explanation 3-0pts. Simple symbol with little to no explanation 10pts. 2 nd Symbol Representation Reason: 10-8pts. Great symbolism and explanation 7-6pts. Acceptable symbol with good explanation 5-4pts. Limited symbolism and explanation 3-0pts. Simple symbol with little to no explanation 10pts. Location Scene Representation Reason: 10-8pts. Good selection & Explanation w/examples 7-6pts. Appropriate selection with acceptable explanation 5-4pts. Acceptable selection with limited reason 3-0pts. Little effort shown with poor explanation 5pts. Included National Motto on Bill Where is the motto located on the bill? 5pts. Overall Presentation

56 Unit Exam / Review Project - Revolution & Independence 2. 60pts. Independence Coins (Total for 2) **Coin #1 15pts. Founding Father Representation Reason: Examples: Provide at least two specific examples of why this person should be represented on the new nation s money pts. Good selection & Explanation w/examples 15-12pts. Appropriate selection with acceptable explanation 11-8pts. Acceptable selection with limited reason 8-0pts. Little effort shown with poor explanation 10pts. Symbol Representation Reason: 10-8pts. Great symbolism and explanation 7-6pts. Acceptable symbol with good explanation 5-4pts. Limited symbolism and explanation 3-0pts. Simple symbol with little to no explanation 5pts. Included National Motto on Coin? (Where? Heads / Tails) Coin #2 15pts. Founding Father Representation Reason: Examples: Provide at least two specific examples of why this person should be represented on the new nation s money pts. Good selection & Explanation w/examples 15-12pts. Appropriate selection with acceptable explanation 11-8pts. Acceptable selection with limited reason 8-0pts. Little effort shown with poor explanation 10pts. Symbol Representation Reason: 10-8pts. Great symbolism and explanation 7-6pts. Acceptable symbol with good explanation 5-4pts. Limited symbolism and explanation 3-0pts. Simple symbol with little to no explanation 5pts. Included National Motto on Coin? (Where? Heads / Tails)

57 Unit Exam / Review Project - Revolution & Independence 3. 20pts. National Motto This saying should be placed on the paper bill and both coins. 10pts. Motto Chosen 5pts. Reason for choosing this motto Reason: 5pts. Other mottos considered (At Least 3) ) 20pts. Neatness and Completion Check List: a. All writing is readable and either hand printed or typed b. All papers have group name in a clearly visible spot c. Project work is colored and decorated d. All segments of the project have been completed 1. Paper Bill 2. Coins #1 & #2 3. National Motto e. ALL GROUP MEMBERS HAVE PARTICIPATED GROUP EVALUATION: Great Good Poor None a. Who in this group deserves 10 Extra Wow Points? Person s Initials b. Who did the least amount of work in the group? Person s Initials * Any person who believes group work was not fairly distributed may write a note to Mr. Fleck explaining the situation. This note must be turned in by the day the project is due.

58 Names Period Date Unit Exam / Review Project (short) Revolution & Independence Mr. Fleck 7 th Social Studies 160pts. Directions: After a country declares independence many decisions about how the new nation will work must be decided. One of the details that must be quickly decided is the type of money to be used. As a Review / Unit Exam for the Revolution & Independence Unit, you will be deciding what type of money will best represent the United States after having declared independence from Great Britain. Follow the rubric below for full credit. 1) 60pts. Creation and design of one (1) paper bill Must Include: 1 - Representation of a Founding Father 2 - Symbols representing America (The nation or the land). Need a scene. 1 - Motto (A saying or slogan that represents the country) *Will be the same on all bills and coins *Translate into Latin 1 - Location Scene (A picture on the opposite side of the Representation of the founding father that represents an important place or scene in the young American history) 2) 60pts. Creation and design of one (1) coins Must Include: 1 - Representation of a Founding Father (Per Coin) 1 - Symbol representing America (the nation or the land) 1 - Motto (A saying or slogan that represents the country) *Will be the same on all bills and coins 3) 20pts. Motto to be placed on all bills and coins. The motto should represent the country as a whole. The current motto on United States money is In GOD WE TRUST. I would prefer a motto that represents the struggle that the new United States just faced as you create currency for the America that just won independence. 4) 20pts. Neatness and Completion This project will be completed in class. This will be a major assignment. **Before getting started, as a team, brainstorm what you believe to be the most important or famous people, places, events or symbols from the information we have studied that might be used on you money. Be sure to remember that all decisions must be explained in writing. Founding Fathers List Symbols/representations List

59 Unit Exam / Review Project - Revolution & Independence 1. 60pts. The Paper Bill 20pts. Founding Father Representation Reason: Examples: Provide at least two specific examples of why this person should be represented on the new nation s money. Provide page numbers pts. Good selection & Explanation w/examples 15-12pts. Appropriate selection with acceptable explanation 11-8pts. Acceptable selection with limited reason 8-0pts. Little effort shown with poor explanation 10pts. 1 st Symbol Representation Reason: 10-8pts. Great symbolism and explanation 7-6pts. Acceptable symbol with good explanation 5-4pts. Limited symbolism and explanation 3-0pts. Simple symbol with little to no explanation 10pts. 2 nd Symbol Representation Reason: 10-8pts. Great symbolism and explanation 7-6pts. Acceptable symbol with good explanation 5-4pts. Limited symbolism and explanation 3-0pts. Simple symbol with little to no explanation 10pts. Location Scene Representation Reason: 10-8pts. Good selection & Explanation w/examples 7-6pts. Appropriate selection with acceptable explanation 5-4pts. Acceptable selection with limited reason 3-0pts. Little effort shown with poor explanation 5pts. Included National Motto on Bill Where is the motto located on the bill? 5pts. Overall Presentation

60 Unit Exam / Review Project - Revolution & Independence 2. 60pts. Independence Coins 15pts. Founding Father Representation Reason: Examples: Provide at least two specific examples of why this person should be represented on the new nation s money pts. Good selection & Explanation w/examples 15-12pts. Appropriate selection with acceptable explanation 11-8pts. Acceptable selection with limited reason 8-0pts. Little effort shown with poor explanation 10pts. Symbol Representation Reason: 10-8pts. Great symbolism and explanation 7-6pts. Acceptable symbol with good explanation 5-4pts. Limited symbolism and explanation 3-0pts. Simple symbol with little to no explanation 5pts. Included National Motto on Coin? (Where? Heads / Tails) 3. 20pts. National Motto This saying should be placed on the paper bill and both coins. 10pts. Motto Chosen 5pts. Reason for choosing this motto Reason: 4) 20pts. Neatness and Completion Check List: a. All writing is readable and either hand printed or typed b. All papers have group name in a clearly visible spot c. Project work is colored and decorated d. All segments of the project have been completed 1. Paper Bill 2. Coins #1 & #2 3. National Motto e. ALL GROUP MEMBERS HAVE PARTICIPATED

61 Revolution Quotes I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death. -Patrick Henry I regret that I have but one life to give for my country. -Nathan Hale We must master them or leave them to themselves. -King George III The distinctions between Virginians, Pennsylvanians, New Yorkers, and New Englanders are no more. I am not a Virginian, but an American. -Patrick Henry The shot heard round the world. -Ralph Waldo Emerson That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved. -Richard Henry Lee That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or abolish it, and to institute new Government -Thomas Jefferson (Declaration of Independence) It is all over. -Lord North upon hearing about the Battle of Yorktown The welfare of America is closely bound up with the welfare of mankind. -The Marquis de Lafayette There is something very absurd in supporting a continent to be forever governed by an island. -Thomas Paine E pluribus Unum -Out of many, one. The motto chosen for the Colonies by the Second Continental Congress I am indeed of the opinion, that the parliament has no right to make any law whatever, binding on the colonies -Benjamin Franklin I look upon British soldiers as foreign enemies. -Samuel Adams

62 Names Period Date LESSON TEST Revolution & Independence Mr. Fleck 7 th Social Studies 50pts. Matching- 2pts. Each 1. General Washington a. British officer whose surrendered signified America s victory 2. Thomas Jefferson b. Wrote Common Sense an essay supporting independence 3. Thomas Paine c. Leader of American Troops 4. General Cornwallis d. Wrote the Declaration of Independence Multiple Choice- 2pts. 5. This philosophy led the founding fathers to write the Declaration of Independence, because educated men were expected to prove, explain and use facts to support their ideas and actions. a. Tyranny c. Enlightenment b. Natural Rights d. Nem s Stupid Scientific Method 6. Group of men who decided to declare independence from Great Britain after much debate. a. 1 st Continental Congress c. Philadelphia Forum b. Green Mountain Boys d. 2 nd Continental Congress **EC: City- Year: 7. Battle that helped to bring a European power into the war on the American side. a. Ticonderoga c. Saratoga b. Trenton d. Spanish Springs 8. Which of these WAS NOT an advantage the British had when fighting the war.. a. Had a Navy c. Guerilla (Hit & Run) Warfare b. Well Trained Army d. Hired German Mercenaries True/False- 2pts. (Make false statements true for +2pts.) 9. Americans tried to make peace by sending the Olive Branch Petition to England, but it was ignored. 10. The Declaration of Independence said that every person was born with Natural Rights and that is why people formed governments. 11. A Tory is a person who supported independence and hated the King. 12. Germany helped the United States by joining the war and sending ground troops only. Fill-in-the-Blank- 2pts. Each 13. Crime the Americans were committing by trying to overthrowing the British government and by signing the Declaration of Independence. R O 14. Battle that signified the American victory over the British. R W Declaration of Independence- 7pts. 15. Diagram how Thomas Jefferson outlines the order of power in the Declaration of Independence and who creates government. Put the following words in the proper order and then add notes that will help explain. PEOPLE GOVERNMENT GOD / NATURE OLD STYLE (EUROPE) JEFFERSON

63 Short Answer- 15pts. Each ANSWER ON BACK!!!!!!! 15-13pts. Factual Support, Well Written, Historically Accurate / 12-9pts. Correct, Some Facts, Historically Accurate 8-5pts. Correct, No factual support, Historical errors / 5-3pts. Correct, No Support / 2-0pts. Incomplete 16. Explain the content of the Declaration of Independence*. Who wrote the Declaration? List the four (4) parts of the Declaration of Independence. What rights does the Declaration of Independence say are Natural Rights guaranteed to all men (people)? What does the Declaration of Independence say should happen to a government that does not allow their people these rights?

64 Names # Period Date LESSON TEST: Revolution & Independence 7 th Social Studies 60pts. Matching- 2pts. Each Match the following person to either the quote they most likely would say or a fact that matches to them. 1. General Washington a. I can t believe I lost to these lowly commoners 2. Thomas Jefferson b. Wrote Common Sense an essay supporting independence 3. Thomas Paine c. Leader of American Troops 4. General Cornwallis d. All men are created equal with god given natural rights Multiple Choice- 2pts. 5. This philosophy led the founding fathers to write the Declaration of Independence, because educated men were expected to prove, explain and use facts to support their ideas and actions. a. Tyranny c. Enlightenment b. Natural Rights d. Roberts Stupid Scientific Method 6. Group of men who decided to declare independence from Great Britain after much debate. a. 1 st Continental Congress c. Philadelphia Forum b. Green Mountain Boys d. 2 nd Continental Congress **EC: City- Year: 7. Victory that helped to bring a major European country into the war on the American side. a. Ticonderoga c. Saratoga b. Trenton d. Spanish Springs 8. What best describes the outcome of the American victory at the battle of Trenton... a. A surprise attack on Christmas that boosted American spirits b. A major defeat of the British that brought the king s surrender c. A Christmas Eve surprise that was barely won and caused Washington to be fired d. A failed British attack that ended with American victory 9. Location where the Continental army spent the winter of 1777, many soldiers died but army came out more disciplined a. Valley Forge c. Yorktown b. Mendive d. Philadelphia Reading for Information- 2pts. Each Read the following passage to answer the questions below. The Congress in Philadelphia received the message from Penn and Lee on November 9th, 1775 informing them that the King would not receive their petition of peace. This was a strong blow to those such as John Dickinson who hoped to avoid war. The radicals began to gain power now as word of the King's rejection of their peace offer began to spread. Many colonists who had hoped for reconciliation now knew that it was impossible. 10. The reading from above describes the period of time the writing of the Declaration of Independence. a. Before b. After c. During d. After the Treaty of Paris 10 A: I chose answer because (use evidence from the quote): 11. Which document are they referring to? a. Declaration of Independence b. Intolerable Acts c. Olive Branch Petition 12. Based on the reading, who was responsible for giving power to the radicals? a. King b. Jefferson c. Dickinson d. Congress

65 Short answer page Name Total / 30 True/False- 2pts. (Make false statements true for +2pts.) 13. Americans tried to make peace by sending the Olive Branch Petition to England, but it was ignored. 14. The Declaration of Independence said that treason becomes legal when governments (kings) no longer protect the natural rights of the people. 15. A Loyalist is a person who supported independence and hated the King. 16. Germany helped the United States by joining the war and sending ground troops only, that helped Americans win the famous battle of New York that ended the war. 17. The Declaration of Independence accuses King George III of tyranny, which is abusing power. **USE THE CHART BELOW to answer # s American Fought on their own land British Experienced military George Washington as leader Help from other nations Strong Navy Well equipped soldiers #19 # The chart above shows which of the following: a. American and British weaknesses c. American and British mistakes b. American and British strengths d. American and British hopes for winning the war 19. This was a disadvantage for the British Army. a. Strong navy c. Their military leaders b. Large population d. War fought in America 20. In the spot on the chart marked #19, which of the following would most fit? a. Lost many battles c. Had enough supplies b. Had a strong navy d. Were more determined 21. This picture was most likely drawn by a person who Independence and the Revolutionary War. a. supported b. hated c. Disagreed with d. had no opinion about 22. The snake represents. a. England b. Colonies c. France d. New England 23. American Victory, 2 nd Continental Congress & Independence represent? a. JOIN b. DIE Choose the word that DOES NOT BELONG together (2 points each) A B C D 24. BRITISH FRANCE HESSIANS MERCENARIES A B C D 25. YORKTOWN TRENTON SARATOGA BUNKER HILL