The World Trade Organization and the future of multilateralism Note Key principles behind GATT general principle rules based not results based

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "The World Trade Organization and the future of multilateralism Note Key principles behind GATT general principle rules based not results based"

Transcription

1 The World Trade Organization and the future of multilateralism By Richard Baldwin, Journal of Economic perspectives, Winter 2016 The GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) was established in unusual times. The demand for trade liberalization was great, because tariffs were still high from the Smoot Hawkley enactment and retaliations in the 1930s. Leaders of the largest trading nations wanted to avoid the protectionist mistakes of the 1920s and 1930s. After the outbreak of the cold war, world trade integration became a geostrategic as well as commercial issue. The US, the clear global leader after World War II wanted post-war globalization to be based on international institutions. But the US Congress did not want a new international organization. That is how a general agreement without any formal organization came into existence. Note: The Tariff Act of 1930 better known as the Smoot Hawley Tariff or Hawley Smoot Tariff was sponsored by Senator Reed Smoot and Representative Willis C Hawkley and raised US tariffs on over 20,000 imported goods. The Act and the retaliatory tariffs by America's trading partners reduced American exports and imports by more than half during the Depression. Many economists feel that the Smoot-Hawley Tariff worsened the impact of the Great Depression. Key principles behind GATT There are one general and five specific principles under GATT. The general principle is that the world trade system should be rules based, not results based. Thus, the focus is on designing the rules for conducting trade and not on the volume of exports or market share. The five specific principles are: non-discrimination, transparency, reciprocity, flexibility and decision making by consensus. Non-discrimination has two aspects: at the border and behind the border. Non-discrimination at the border is called Most Favoured Nation treatment. Any tariff which is applied, should be applied equally to all the WTO members. But exceptions are allowed like free trade agreements. Within the country, taxes and regulations must be applied equally to both domestic and imported goods. Transparency means that liberalizing trade and reducing conflicts over trade is easier when the actual policies are transparent to all.

2 Reciprocity means when a nation lowers its barriers to imports, it can expect other nations to do so. During the GATT days, an exception was made for developing countries who did not have to reduce their tariffs. When a nation does something that undoes the gains from a previous agreement, the aggrieved nation can retaliate. Flexibility: There are some exceptional situations in which nations can impose trade barriers. But GATT seeks to discipline such nations with various strictures and requirements for compensation. Decision making by consensus: With some exceptions, most WTO decisions are by consensus. Brief history of GATT The first phase of GATT up till 1960, began with a major wave of tariff cutting in the 1947 inaugural Geneva round. The other early rounds were not focused on tariff cutting. They considered details of rules and accessions such as those of Germany and Japan. Moreover, tariffs were not the main hindrance to trade in the 1950s. Instead, restrictions remaining from war time along with state trading and inconvertible currencies were the binding constraints. The second phase from 1960 to 1972 was triggered by European regional trade liberalization. For example, the Dillon round dealt with tariff concessions European members had to make to other GATT members in compensation for the formation of their customs union. The Kennedy round ( ) was an effort by the US, Japan and other large exporters to redress the trade diversion arising from the customs union. The decline in tariff rates in developed countries after about 1967, was partially due to GATT but also due to non-gatt initiatives. These included the elimination of tariffs across much of Europe and the US Canada auto pact of In this phase, regionalism and multilateralism advanced hand in hand. Tariffs in low income nations did not fall as they enjoyed special and differential treatment. The third phase of trade liberalization started in Again, regionalism and multilateralism advanced together. The Tokyo round was launched in the same year as the EU was enlarged with the admission of Britain, Ireland and Denmark. The EU signed bilateral trade agreements with most other West European nations. The fourth phase of trade talks started in the mid-1980s. In 1986, GATT members launched the Uruguay round. The US and Canada started talks about a bilateral free trade agreement. The EU was enlarged to include Spain and

3 Portugal, while launching the Single Market program which eliminated a vast range of non-tariff barriers. The original element in the fourth phase was tariff cutting by developing nations but they did this outside GATT. These countries signed many regional trade agreements like Mercosur in South America and the South African customs union. The Juggernaut effect Before GATT, exporters had only an indirect interest in their nation s import tariffs. But under the GATT reciprocity principle, foreign tariff levels became linked to domestic levels. The principles of GATT altered domestic political realities in developed nation members. The author has developed a model called the Juggernaut effect. The first round of tariff cuts generates momentum for trade liberalization. As tariffs drop, import competing firms face additional international competition. Many of them shrink or become less profitable or go out of business. Meanwhile foreign tariff cutting boosts the prospects of exporters. They expand and become profitable. In short, a onetime tariff strengthens the forces of liberalization. A few years down the road, another multilateral round may be launched. Exporters have an incentive to fight for domestic tariff cuts due to the reciprocity principle while import competing firms have an incentive to fight against them. But the anti-liberalization camp is weaker now and the pro liberalization camp stronger. So the government finds it politically easier to cut tariffs once again. With each succeeding round of tariff cuts, exporters become stronger, importers weaker and the trade liberalization juggernaut rolls on. This model also explains why multilateral and regional tariff cutting progress in random. Once regional tariff cuts weaken protectionists and strengthen the liberalizers, governments find it optimal to lower their tariffs both multilaterally and regionally. Indeed, regional trade agreements can kick start multilateral trade liberalization. When countries of Western Europe began to cut intra- European tariffs, the US, Japan and Canada found it necessary to respond. They lobbied for a GATT round as a way of dealing with the discrimination. The GATT negotiations process The GATT process included a set of rules designed to make political reversals difficult for individual members. A nation s past tariffs were bound in the sense that previously agreed tariff levels were not open to further negotiation. A nation s partners could retaliate against any violation of such tariff bindings by raising their own tariffs against the violating nation s exports. This ensured that each nation s exporters would be punished for any backsliding by its own government.

4 GATT worked on consensus. And to enable consensus, some escape hatches were provided. The Special and differential treatment clause meant that developing nations did not have to reciprocally cut their tariffs. But the developing nations were not indifferent to the success of GATT. They were free riders who liked the ride. The developed countries allowed this free riding because developing nations at that time were rather insignificant. Another escape hatch during the Tokyo round, was called the Codes approach. Each set of rules agreed upon was adopted in the form of a code that would be binding only for those members that voluntarily signed them. This usually meant the developed nations. Countries that signed the code extended the terms to those which did not, under the principle of non-discrimination. A dispute had to be settled by consensus. Blocking the dispute settlement process was another hatch. The combination of a dispute settlement procedure with an escape hatch facilitated agreements with ambiguous wording. New realities By the 1970s, tariffs in developed nations were already fairy low on the products they had been willing to negotiate. Agricultural and labour-intensive items like textiles were not on the negotiating table. Developing nations were disappointed at the lack of liberalization in agriculture and labour-intensive manufactures. The agenda was broadened during the Tokyo round with the codes approach to including non-tariff issues in the negotiations. In the Uruguay round in 1986, new areas of interest to exporters in the developed nations were added: intellectual property, foreign investment and services. These areas came to be known as TRIPS, TRIMS and Services. Agriculture and clothing were also put on the table to fuel the interest of agricultural and low wage exporters. The dynamics of the negotiations and the increasing importance of developing countries created new challenges. Developed countries already had high standards of IP protection for foreigners. So they could gain only if the developing countries adopted the IP protection standards of developed countries. At the same time, developed countries began to worry that while opening of agricultural and textile markets would benefit developing countries, they would not receive much by way of TRIPS or TRIMS. The Uruguay round ended with a feature called Single Undertaking. All members were obliged to accept all the Uruguay round agreements as one package. The new areas involved far more ambiguity and newness. There was a fear that gains achieved might be offset by clever forms of protection and

5 convenient national interpretation of the rules. So the Uruguay round eliminated the possibility of blocking a dispute resolution on adoption of a panel ruling. Effectively, the escape hatch was removed. Why WTO negotiations have stalled Under GATT, exports of manufactured goods grew twice as fast as the production of manufactured goods from the late 1990s till the collapse of trade in Booming trade and rising incomes encouraged member countries to follow the code of conduct. Under WTO, the progress has been disappointing. Little progress has been made on trade liberalization for almost two decades, since a handful of agreements in The Doha round that started in 2001 is stalled. Only the dispute settlement mechanism has worked properly. Why is the WTO finding it difficult to move forward? One reason is that the developed countries have lost their earlier clout. Developed countries earlier accounted for two thirds of the world s imports. That share has come down over time with the emerging economies growing much faster. The sheer number of developing countries in WTO has also tilted the agenda. Developing countries have become more active in defensive coalitions that prevent access to their own markets than in offensive coalitions focused on getting better access to foreign markets. The reciprocity principle and small size of the developing markets meant that they had limited availability to ask foreigners to open up their markets. So, there was little to gain from offensive coalitions. In contrast, the consensus principle gave developing nation coalitions a good deal of blocking power, which they have used especially for their most politically sensitive markets. Regionalism has also created challenges. Regional trade agreements have always been a part of the intentional trade negotiations agenda. But from around 1990, their role has changed. As the number of regional trade agreements has increased, the political and economic capital consumed in the negotiations has also increased. The Doha round might have been more successful if WTO had been the only game in town. Many of the regional trade agreements have gone beyond tariff cutting and included legally binding assurances aimed at making the signatories more business friendly towards trade and investment flows from other signatories. In the late 1990s, many bilateral investment treaties were signed. This was a clear indication that many WTO members were interested in areas that went beyond what the WTO was set up to negotiate.

6 The rise of offshoring redefined industrialization. Earlier, it meant building a supply chain at home to become competitive abroad. High tariffs were an integral part of the process. In the new scheme of things, countries joined an international supply chain to become competitive and then industrialized by expanding the quantity and range of tasks performed. In this new model, tariffs hindered rather than helped industrialization. So, developing nation tariffs started falling independent of WTO negotiations. Two-way tariff cutting had earlier been the main fuel for trade liberalization. But now exporters saw their sales to developed nations boom even as the Doha round struggled and went through round after round of failure. There was no longer the need to fight domestic protectionists at home when foreigners were lowering their tariffs unilaterally. GATT negotiations typically involved the US, EU, Japan and Canada bargaining among themselves over tariff cuts and then giving the developing countries a free ride. In contrast, in WTO negotiations, all but the poorest countries are expected to agree to binding tariff cuts and other policy commitments. The Doha round talks are binding on every member unless explicit exceptions are made. It is no longer the don t obey don t object option that developing nations had under earlier GATT talks. So, it is not a big surprise that developing countries have been far more vocal in the Doha round, in a bid to protect their domestic interests. Multilateral negotiations under WTO are far more challenging than under GATT. The Doha round has more than 100 potential veto players unlike the GATT when the central negotiations involved the US, Canada, Japan and the EU. Business interest in the negotiations is low. This is because industrial trade accounts for 80% of all trade. But tariffs had already been lowered in developing and developed countries. The exporters of developed nations were now the free riders on unilateral tariff cutting by emerging markets. They were no longer interested in lobbying their own governments for a Doha deal. WTO tariff cutting talks focus on bound tariff rates and not applied rates. For many WTO members, actual applied rates are much lower than the bound rates. If the developing nations had not lowered their applied rates so much below their bound rates, developed nation exporters would have had something to fight for. In agriculture, the biggest protectionists, EU and Japan have lowered distortions unilaterally for purely domestic reason. Farm populations have dropped so that the power of rich nation farm lobbies has dropped. The EU has broadly switched its agriculture support policies to non-trade distorting forms

7 and basically eliminated export subsidies in major reforms that took place in 2003, 2008 and Agricultural trade is far from free and fair. But the mercantilist gains from a conclusion of the Doha round is lower in 2016 than it would have been in Meanwhile, many emerging economies have deployed some of their new-found wealth in new trade distorting agricultural policies of their own. The rise of offshoring has shifted the focus to areas that were not included in the Doha round s 2001 agenda. WTO members have vetoed the expansion of the agenda. And they are using regional free trade agreements and bilateral investment treaties to get around the situation. The new world involves a nexus of trade in goods, services, knowhow, physical investment, key personnel and financial capital. Developed countries are in general happy to offshore work to the developing countries provided they respect their tangible and intangible property rights and ensure that the necessary flows of goods, services, investments will be unimpeded. The institutional mechanism for getting these assurances has not been the WTO but regional trade agreements and bilateral investment treaties. The political economy has switched from my market for yours to my factories for your reform. The WTO seems frozen in time with the Doha round having made little progress. Talks are focused on trade in industrial and agricultural goods when the world has really moved forward. Meanwhile, a lot of progress has been made in internationalizing production outside the ambit of the WTO through regional trade agreements and bilateral investment treaties. Scholars like Bhagwati have argued that regional trade agreements would lead to inefficient diversion of trade. But overall econometric evidence suggests that trade diversion due to bilateral and regional trade agreements may not be that much of a concern. The preferential tariffs that these agreements introduce have not blocked global tariff cutting. Trade diversion becomes relevant only when a bilateral treaty is truly discriminatory against trade from countries not included in the agreement. But many of the regional agreements concern matters where such discrimination is impractical. For example, in today s globalized environment, it is difficult to identify the nationality in a way that clever lawyers cannot find ways to circumvent. With the rise of China, offshoring and unilateralism, the negotiating items on the Doha agenda no longer provide a win-win bargain for all. Any attempts to expand the WTO agenda are blocked by countries who have been largely left aside by the rise of offshoring. Those countries are still looking for reduced barriers to exports of agricultural and labour-intensive goods.

8 The emergence of the so-called regionals like the Trans Pacific partnership and Trans-Atlantic Trade and Investment partnership can be thought of as a partial multilateralization of existing deep disciplines by sub groups of WTO members who are deeply involved in offshoring and global value chains. These mega regionals are not a good substitute for multilateral agreements. They will lead to fragmentation of the international trading system. Concluding notes The WTO does not look like going beyond the Doha round and address deep disciplines. The WTO seems to be moving towards a two-pillar system. The first pillar, the WTO continues to govern international trade as it has done since it was set up in The second is the mega regionals which focus on trade in intermediate goods and services, investment and intellectual property protection, capital flows and the moment of key personnel. China and India may stay not join these groupings and may negotiate terms from outside the group.

THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION AND THE FUTURE OF MULTILATERALISM a

THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION AND THE FUTURE OF MULTILATERALISM a CTEI-2015-09 CTEI WORKING PAPERS THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION AND THE FUTURE OF MULTILATERALISM a Richard Baldwin b a An edited version of this will appear in the Journal of Economic Perspectives in 2016.

More information

Capitalizing on Global and Regional Integration. Chapter 8

Capitalizing on Global and Regional Integration. Chapter 8 Capitalizing on Global and Regional Integration Chapter 8 Objectives Importance of economic integration Global integration Regional integration Regional organizations of interest Implications for action

More information

International Business 7e

International Business 7e International Business 7e by Charles W.L. Hill (adapted for LIUC09 by R.Helg) McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 6 The Political Economy of

More information

International Business

International Business International Business 10e By Charles W.L. Hill Copyright 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter

More information

Chapter 9. The Political Economy of Trade Policy. Slides prepared by Thomas Bishop

Chapter 9. The Political Economy of Trade Policy. Slides prepared by Thomas Bishop Chapter 9 The Political Economy of Trade Policy Slides prepared by Thomas Bishop Preview International negotiations of trade policy and the World Trade Organization Copyright 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley.

More information

The Doha Round in Broader Context. Thomas Oatley World View November 15, 2006

The Doha Round in Broader Context. Thomas Oatley World View November 15, 2006 The Doha Round in Broader Context Thomas Oatley World View November 15, 2006 Globalization and the WTO Globalization and American Politics Unease about the global economy Given expression in last week

More information

Chapter 7. Government Policy and International Trade

Chapter 7. Government Policy and International Trade Chapter 7 Government Policy and International Trade First A Word About Trade Relationships Long-term relationships = 3 or more years Importance varies by country Value (% long-term US imports) Taiwan 67%,

More information

Full clear download (no formatting errors) at:

Full clear download (no formatting errors) at: International Economics 7th Edition Gerber TEST BANK Full clear download (no formatting errors) at: https://testbankreal.com/download/international-economics-7th-editiongerber-test-bank/ International

More information

Chapter Six. The Political Economy of International Trade. Opening Case. Opening Case

Chapter Six. The Political Economy of International Trade. Opening Case. Opening Case Chapter Six The Political Economy of International Trade Adapted by R. Helg for LIUC 2008 Opening Case 6-2 Since 1974, international trade in the textile industry has been governed by a system of quotas

More information

LL.M. in International Legal Studies WTO LAW

LL.M. in International Legal Studies WTO LAW LL.M. in International Legal Studies WTO LAW Prof. Dr. Friedl WEISS Institute for European, International and Comparative Law - University of Vienna Winter Semester 2012/13 Part II History & Institutions

More information

"WTO DOHA ROUND: A CONTRIBUTION TO A FREER, FAIRER AND

WTO DOHA ROUND: A CONTRIBUTION TO A FREER, FAIRER AND "WTO DOHA ROUND: A CONTRIBUTION TO A FREER, FAIRER AND MORE SECURE TRADING SYSTEM" UNITED NATIONS ECOSOC PANEL ON WTO NEGOTIATIONS AND GLOBALIZATION NEW YORK 30 OCTOBER 2006 PASCAL LAMY DIRECTOR GENERAL

More information

Europe and the US: Confronting Global Challenges

Europe and the US: Confronting Global Challenges SPEECH/07/ Peter Mandelson EU Trade Commissioner Europe and the US: Confronting Global Challenges Carnegie Endowment Washington DC, 8 October 2007 EMBARGO UNTIL DELIVERED AT 16H30 CET The Carnegie Endowment

More information

Introduction to the WTO. Will Martin World Bank 10 May 2006

Introduction to the WTO. Will Martin World Bank 10 May 2006 Introduction to the WTO Will Martin World Bank 10 May 2006 1 Issues What is the WTO and how does it work? Implications of being a member of the WTO multilateral trading system 2 WTO as an international

More information

Keynote address by the WTO Director-General "The Challenge of Policy in the Era of Globalization"

Keynote address by the WTO Director-General The Challenge of Policy in the Era of Globalization Keynote address by the WTO Director-General "The Challenge of Policy in the Era of Globalization" PAFTAD 30 Conference on "Does Trade Deliver What it Promises?: Assessing the Critique of Globalization"

More information

10 common misunderstandings about the WTO

10 common misunderstandings about the WTO 10 common misunderstandings about the WTO The debate will probably never end. People have different views of the pros and cons of the WTO s multilateral trading system. Indeed, one of the most important

More information

a) keeping money at home b) reducing unemployment c) enhancing national security d) equalizing cost and price e) protecting infant industry (X)

a) keeping money at home b) reducing unemployment c) enhancing national security d) equalizing cost and price e) protecting infant industry (X) CHAPTER 3 TRADE DISTORTIONS AND MARKETING BARRIERS MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Perhaps, the most credible argument for protectionist measures is a) keeping money at home b) reducing unemployment c) enhancing national

More information

WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION

WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WT/L/412 3 September 2001 (01-4194) Original: English JOINT STATEMENT BY THE SAARC 1 COMMERCE MINISTERS ON THE FORTHCOMING FOURTH WTO MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE AT DOHA New Delhi,

More information

WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION

WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION 10 common misunderstandings about the WTO Is it a dictatorial tool of the rich and powerful? Does it destroy jobs? Does it ignore the concerns of health, the environment and development?

More information

East Asian Regionalism and the Multilateral Trading System ERIA

East Asian Regionalism and the Multilateral Trading System ERIA Chapter II.9 East Asian Regionalism and the Multilateral Trading System ERIA Yose Rizal Damuri Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) November 2013 This chapter should be cited as Damuri,

More information

International Business Global Edition

International Business Global Edition International Business Global Edition By Charles W.L. Hill (adapted for LIUC2016 by R.Helg) Copyright 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 9 Regional Economic Integration

More information

The future of the WTO: cooperation or confrontation

The future of the WTO: cooperation or confrontation The future of the WTO: cooperation or confrontation There is a danger of further escalation in the tariff war. André Wolf considers protectionism and the future of the World Trade Organization The world

More information

14.54 International Trade Lecture 22: Trade Policy (III)

14.54 International Trade Lecture 22: Trade Policy (III) 14.54 International Trade Lecture 22: Trade Policy (III) 14.54 Week 14 Fall 2016 14.54 (Week 14) Trade Policy (III) Fall 2016 1 / 23 Today s Plan 1 2 3 Trade Policy as a Second Best Instrument Strategic

More information

3) The European Union is an example of integration. A) regional B) relative C) global D) bilateral

3) The European Union is an example of integration. A) regional B) relative C) global D) bilateral 1 International Business: Environments and Operations Chapter 7 Economic Integration and Cooperation Multiple Choice: Circle the one best choice according to the textbook. 1) integration is the political

More information

Joint Report on the EU-Canada Scoping Exercise March 5, 2009

Joint Report on the EU-Canada Scoping Exercise March 5, 2009 Joint Report on the EU-Canada Scoping Exercise March 5, 2009 CHAPTER ONE OVERVIEW OF ACTIVITIES At their 17 th October 2008 Summit, EU and Canadian Leaders agreed to work together to "define the scope

More information

Regionalism and the WTO: Political Economy on a World Scale? L Alan Winters University of Sussex CEPR, IZA and GDN

Regionalism and the WTO: Political Economy on a World Scale? L Alan Winters University of Sussex CEPR, IZA and GDN Regionalism and the WTO: Political Economy on a World Scale? L Alan Winters University of Sussex CEPR, IZA and GDN The Thesis The GATT/WTO is influenced by politics In regionalism, it is dominated by politics

More information

Economic integration: an agreement between

Economic integration: an agreement between Chapter 8 Economic integration: an agreement between or amongst nations within an economic bloc to reduce and ultimately remove tariff and nontariff barriers to the free flow of products, capital, and

More information

SOME FEATURES AND TRENDS OF THE WORLD TRADE IN THE GATT ERA

SOME FEATURES AND TRENDS OF THE WORLD TRADE IN THE GATT ERA The USV Annals of Economics and Public Administration Volume 14, Issue 1(19), 2014 SOME FEATURES AND TRENDS OF THE WORLD TRADE IN THE GATT ERA Rozalia KICSI, Ph. D. Ștefan cel Mare University of Suceava,

More information

GEMERAL AGREEMENT ON ON 17 September 1986 TARIFFS AND TRADE

GEMERAL AGREEMENT ON ON 17 September 1986 TARIFFS AND TRADE GEMERAL AGREEMENT ON ON 17 September 1986 TARIFFS AND TRADE Special Distribution Original: Spanish PERU: STATEMENT BY DR. PEDRO MENENDEZ R., DEPUTY MINISTER FOR TRADE OF PERU, AT THE MEETING OF THE GATT

More information

Opportunities from Globalization for European Companies

Opportunities from Globalization for European Companies Karel De Gucht European Commissioner for Trade EUROPEAN COMMISSION [CHECK AGAINST DELIVERY] Opportunities from Globalization for European Companies High-level conference "Spain: from Stability to Growth"

More information

Making the WTO More Supportive of Development. How to help developing countries integrate into the global trading system.

Making the WTO More Supportive of Development. How to help developing countries integrate into the global trading system. Car trailer-trucks in Brazil Making the WTO More Supportive of Development Bernard Hoekman How to help developing countries integrate into the global trading system IN WORLD trade negotiations there is

More information

The WTO and FTAs: Does Competitive Liberalisation Really Work? Andrew L. Stoler. Australian Leadership Retreat Hayman Island August 2004

The WTO and FTAs: Does Competitive Liberalisation Really Work? Andrew L. Stoler. Australian Leadership Retreat Hayman Island August 2004 7 Min ADC_Hayman0408 The WTO and FTAs: Does Competitive Liberalisation Really Work? Andrew L. Stoler Australian Leadership Retreat Hayman Island 27-29 August 2004 When the global trade talks in Cancun

More information

Exchange of views on the Report by the High-Level Panel on Defining the Future of Trade, convened by WTO Director-General Pascal Lamy

Exchange of views on the Report by the High-Level Panel on Defining the Future of Trade, convened by WTO Director-General Pascal Lamy SPEAKING NOTES 28 May 2013 THE FUTURE OF TRADE: THE CHALLENGES OF CONVERGENCE Exchange of views on the Report by the High-Level Panel on Defining the Future of Trade, convened by WTO Director-General Pascal

More information

EURO-LATIN AMERICAN PARLIAMENTARY ASSEMBLY. Committee for Economic, Financial and Commercial Affairs WORKING DOCUMENT

EURO-LATIN AMERICAN PARLIAMENTARY ASSEMBLY. Committee for Economic, Financial and Commercial Affairs WORKING DOCUMENT Euro-Latin American Parliamentary Assembly Assemblée Parlementaire Euro-Latino Américaine Asamblea Parlamentaria Euro-Latinoamericana Assembleia ParlamentarEuro-Latino-Americana EURO-LATIN AMERICAN PARLIAMTARY

More information

Building on Global Europe: The Future EU Trade Agenda

Building on Global Europe: The Future EU Trade Agenda Karel De Gucht European Commissioner for Trade Building on Global Europe: The Future EU Trade Agenda House of German Industries Berlin, 15 April 2010 Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen. It is a pleasure

More information

EU Trade Policy and IPRs Generally, all EU external economic policies including trade policies are first drafted and considered by the European Commis

EU Trade Policy and IPRs Generally, all EU external economic policies including trade policies are first drafted and considered by the European Commis 17 FTA policy- Making in the EU and its Effects : Policies on Geographic Indicators and Medicines/Medical Equipment (*) Overseas Researcher: Momoko NISHIMURA (**) Recently, the European Union has shifted

More information

OSHIKAWA Maika Head, Asia and Pacific Desk, Institute for Training and Technical Co-operation, World Trade Organization (WTO)

OSHIKAWA Maika Head, Asia and Pacific Desk, Institute for Training and Technical Co-operation, World Trade Organization (WTO) RIETI-JETRO Symposium Global Governance in Trade and Investment Regime - For Protecting Free Trade - Handout OSHIKAWA Maika Head, Asia and Pacific Desk, Institute for Training and Technical Co-operation,

More information

Cambridge Model United Nations 2018 WTO: The Question of Free Trade Agreements in a Changing World

Cambridge Model United Nations 2018 WTO: The Question of Free Trade Agreements in a Changing World 1 Study Guide: The Question of Free Trade Agreements in a Changing World Committee: World Trade Organisation Topic: The Question of Free Trade Agreements in a Changing World Introduction: The WTO aims

More information

THE RISE OF MEGA-TRADING BLOCS AND THEIR SYSTEMIC IMPLICATIONS

THE RISE OF MEGA-TRADING BLOCS AND THEIR SYSTEMIC IMPLICATIONS THE RISE OF MEGA-TRADING BLOCS AND THEIR SYSTEMIC IMPLICATIONS A paper presented by Ambassador Nathan Irumba, Chief Executive Director, SEATINI during the conference on mega-trading blocs and the failure

More information

Bringing EU Trade Policy Up to Date 23 June 2015

Bringing EU Trade Policy Up to Date 23 June 2015 European Commission Speech [Check against delivery] Bringing EU Trade Policy Up to Date 23 June 2015 Cecilia Malmström, Commissioner for Trade Brussels, European Trade Policy Day - Keynote Minister, Chairman

More information

THE COLLAPSE OF THE DOHA ROUND OF THE WTO AND THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 1

THE COLLAPSE OF THE DOHA ROUND OF THE WTO AND THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 1 THE COLLAPSE OF THE DOHA ROUND OF THE WTO AND THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 1 By Durval de Noronha Goyos 2 The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) of 1947, like other international organizations such

More information

Putting Principles into Practice: Multilateralism and Other Values in EU Trade Policy

Putting Principles into Practice: Multilateralism and Other Values in EU Trade Policy European Commission Speech [Check against delivery] Putting Principles into Practice: Multilateralism and Other Values in EU Trade Policy 2 May 2016 Cecilia Malmström, Commissioner for Trade Graduate Institute,

More information

Prospects and Challenges for the Doha Round

Prospects and Challenges for the Doha Round Prospects and Challenges for the Doha Round Geza Feketekuty The Doha Round negotiations will continue for at least three more years. Not only is there a great deal more work to be done, but also the United

More information

Issue Brief The Doha WTO Ministerial

Issue Brief The Doha WTO Ministerial Nathan Associates Inc. Issue Brief The Doha WTO Ministerial OVERVIEW OF DEVELOPING COUNTRY CONCERNS Developing countries have become an increasingly vocal, and increasingly powerful, force in multilateral

More information

GLOBAL EUROPE. competing in the world. For more information: EXTERNAL TRADE. European Commission

GLOBAL EUROPE. competing in the world. For more information:   EXTERNAL TRADE. European Commission kg612912farde 23/03/07 8:52 Page 1 NG-76-06-298-EN-C GLOBAL EUROPE For more information: http://ec.europa.eu/trade competing in the world European Commission EXTERNAL TRADE kg612912farde 23/03/07 8:52

More information

The World Trade Organization...

The World Trade Organization... The World Trade Organization......In brief, the World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only international organization dealing with the global rules of trade between nations. Its main function is to ensure

More information

Speech by President Barroso: "A new era of good feelings"

Speech by President Barroso: A new era of good feelings EUROPEAN COMMISSION José Manuel Durão Barroso President of the European Commission Speech by President Barroso: "A new era of good feelings" Bloomberg & European American Chamber of Commerce Conversation

More information

Evidence submitted by Dr Federica Bicchi, Dr Nicola Chelotti, Professor Karen E Smith, Dr Stephen Woolcock

Evidence submitted by Dr Federica Bicchi, Dr Nicola Chelotti, Professor Karen E Smith, Dr Stephen Woolcock 1 Submission of evidence for inquiry on the costs and benefits of EU membership for the UK s role in the world, for the House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee Evidence submitted by Dr Federica Bicchi,

More information

Future EU Trade Policy: Achieving Europe's Strategic Goals

Future EU Trade Policy: Achieving Europe's Strategic Goals European Commission Speech [Check against delivery] Future EU Trade Policy: Achieving Europe's Strategic Goals 4 May 2015 Cecilia Malmström, Commissioner for Trade Washington DC Centre for Strategic and

More information

APEC Study Center Consortium 2014 Qingdao, China. Topic I New Trend of Asia-Pacific Economic Integration INTER-BLOC COMMUNICATION

APEC Study Center Consortium 2014 Qingdao, China. Topic I New Trend of Asia-Pacific Economic Integration INTER-BLOC COMMUNICATION APEC Study Center Consortium 2014 Qingdao, China Tatiana Flegontova Maria Ptashkina Topic I New Trend of Asia-Pacific Economic Integration INTER-BLOC COMMUNICATION Abstract: Asia-Pacific is one of the

More information

Lecture 4 Multilateralism and Regionalism. Hyun-Hoon Lee Professor Kangwon National University

Lecture 4 Multilateralism and Regionalism. Hyun-Hoon Lee Professor Kangwon National University Lecture 4 Multilateralism and Regionalism Hyun-Hoon Lee Professor Kangwon National University 1 The World Trade Organization (WTO) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) A multilateral agreement

More information

Globalisation and Open Markets

Globalisation and Open Markets Wolfgang LEHMACHER Globalisation and Open Markets July 2009 What is Globalisation? Globalisation is a process of increasing global integration, which has had a large number of positive effects for nations

More information

The GATT WTO System: How it Works and The Challenges of Doha

The GATT WTO System: How it Works and The Challenges of Doha The GATT WTO System: How it Works and The Challenges of Doha Patrick Low Director of Economic Research and Statistics World Trade Organization (WTO) ESCAP/WTO Fifth ARTNeT Capacity Building for Trade Research

More information

Cancún: Crisis or Catharsis? Bernard Hoekman, World Bank 1. September 20, 2003

Cancún: Crisis or Catharsis? Bernard Hoekman, World Bank 1. September 20, 2003 Cancún: Crisis or Catharsis? Bernard Hoekman, World Bank 1 September 20, 2003 During September 10-14, 2003, WTO members met in Cancún for a mid-term review of the Doha Round of trade negotiations, launched

More information

ASEAN: An Economic Pillar of Asia

ASEAN: An Economic Pillar of Asia European Commission Speech [Check against delivery] ASEAN: An Economic Pillar of Asia Singapore, 2 March 2018 Speech by European Commissioner for Trade Cecilia Malmström ASEAN Business Conference Ladies

More information

China and WTO. Negotiation for WTO membership in a changing environment. Dr. Ma Xiaoye Academy for World Watch, Shanghai

China and WTO. Negotiation for WTO membership in a changing environment. Dr. Ma Xiaoye Academy for World Watch, Shanghai China and WTO Negotiation for WTO membership in a changing environment Dr. Ma Xiaoye Academy for World Watch, Shanghai Outline China s commitment to join WTO was based on the need for pushing domestic

More information

WTO and Multilateral Trading System: The Way Forward to Bali Ministerial

WTO and Multilateral Trading System: The Way Forward to Bali Ministerial Special Address by Mr. Pascal Lamy, Director General, World Trade Organization WTO and Multilateral Trading System: The Way Forward to Bali Ministerial New Delhi, January 29, 2013 1. Opening Remarks 1.1

More information

STATE GOVT S - WTO & FTA ISSUES CENTRE FOR WTO STUDIES, IIFT AUGUST 2012

STATE GOVT S - WTO & FTA ISSUES CENTRE FOR WTO STUDIES, IIFT AUGUST 2012 STATE GOVT S - WTO & FTA ISSUES TRAINING OF TRAINER S PROGRAMME CENTRE FOR WTO STUDIES, IIFT 22-23 AUGUST 2012 OUTLINE Why should State Govt s be interested in international trade and WTO issues The context?

More information

international law of contemporary media session 7: the law of the world trade organization

international law of contemporary media session 7: the law of the world trade organization international law of contemporary media session 7: the law of the world trade organization mira burri, dr.iur., spring term 2014, 1 april 2014 globalization the goals of the day dimensions, essence, effects

More information

Presentation on TPP & TTIP Background and Implications. by Dr V.S. SESHADRI at Centre for WTO Studies New Delhi 3 March 2014

Presentation on TPP & TTIP Background and Implications. by Dr V.S. SESHADRI at Centre for WTO Studies New Delhi 3 March 2014 Presentation on TPP & TTIP Background and Implications by Dr V.S. SESHADRI at Centre for WTO Studies New Delhi 3 March 2014 Contents of Presentation 1. What is TPP? 2. What is TTIP? 3. How are these initiatives

More information

SHANKER SINGHAM, DIRECTOR OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND COMPETITION, IEA

SHANKER SINGHAM, DIRECTOR OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND COMPETITION, IEA PLAN A+: CREATING A PROSPEROUS POST-BREXIT UK SHANKER SINGHAM, DIRECTOR OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND COMPETITION, IEA EMBARGOED UNTIL 11:00 am SEPT 24, 2018 CHECK AGAINST DELIVERY In the UK we tend to see

More information

How can Japan and the EU work together in the era of Mega FTAs? Toward establishing Global Value Chain Governance. Michitaka Nakatomi

How can Japan and the EU work together in the era of Mega FTAs? Toward establishing Global Value Chain Governance. Michitaka Nakatomi How can Japan and the EU work together in the era of Mega FTAs? Toward establishing Global Value Chain Governance June 3, 2014 Michitaka Nakatomi Consulting Fellow, Research Institute of Economy, Trade

More information

PETER SUTHERLAND DISMISSES FEARS THAT THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WILL INFRINGE NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY AS UNFOUNDED

PETER SUTHERLAND DISMISSES FEARS THAT THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WILL INFRINGE NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY AS UNFOUNDED CENTRE WILLIAM-RAPPARD, RUE DE LAUSANNE 154, 1211 GENÈVE 21. TÉL. 022 73951 11 GATT/1634 30 May 1994 ft PETER SUTHERLAND DISMISSES FEARS THAT THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WILL INFRINGE NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY

More information

DRAFT REPORT. EN United in diversity EN. European Parliament 2018/2084(INI) on WTO: the way forward (2018/2084(INI))

DRAFT REPORT. EN United in diversity EN. European Parliament 2018/2084(INI) on WTO: the way forward (2018/2084(INI)) European Parliament 2014-2019 Committee on International Trade 2018/2084(INI) 10.9.2018 DRAFT REPORT on WTO: the way forward (2018/2084(INI)) Committee on International Trade Rapporteurs: Bernd Lange,

More information

GLOBALIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT

GLOBALIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT GLOBALIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT JOSEPH E. STIGLITZ TOKYO JULY 2007 The Successes of Globalization China and India, with 2.4 billion people, growing at historically unprecedented rates Continuing the successes

More information

International Business

International Business International Business 10e By Charles W.L. Hill Copyright 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter

More information

RULES OF ORIGIN. Chapter 9 1. OVERVIEW OF RULES. Figure 9-1

RULES OF ORIGIN. Chapter 9 1. OVERVIEW OF RULES. Figure 9-1 Chapter 9 RULES OF ORIGIN 1. OVERVIEW OF RULES Rules of origin are used to determine the nationality of goods traded in international commerce. Yet there is no internationally agreed upon rules of origin.

More information

(Based loosely on Bagwell, Bown and Staiger Is the WTO Passé? ) Robert W. Staiger. March 2017

(Based loosely on Bagwell, Bown and Staiger Is the WTO Passé? ) Robert W. Staiger. March 2017 I WTO? T D T S I (Based loosely on Bagwell, Bown and Staiger Is the WTO Passé? ) Robert W. Staiger Dartmouth College March 2017 Staiger (Dartmouth College) Deep Trouble with Shallow Integration March 2017

More information

Agenda 2) MULTIPRODUCT MULTILATERALISM: EARLY POST WORLD WAR II TRADE POLICY

Agenda 2) MULTIPRODUCT MULTILATERALISM: EARLY POST WORLD WAR II TRADE POLICY LOOK WEST: THE EVOLUTION OF U.S. TRADE POLICY TOWARD ASIA Vinod K. Aggarwal Director and Professor, Berkeley APEC Study Center University of California at Berkeley 22 December 2009 Agenda 1) CLASSIFYING

More information

Human Rights and Development. Joel P. Trachtman The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy

Human Rights and Development. Joel P. Trachtman The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy Trade, Investment, Human Rights and Development Joel P. Trachtman The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy Tufts University The Backlash Against Globalization Trump Brexit Developing countries? Trade,

More information

Industrial Policy: Can We Go Beyond an Unproductive Confrontation?

Industrial Policy: Can We Go Beyond an Unproductive Confrontation? Inaugural Babbage Seminar Charles Babbage Road, Institute for Manufacturing, Cambridge 25 October 2012 Industrial Policy: Can We Go Beyond an Unproductive Confrontation? Ha-Joon Chang Faculty of Economics,

More information

RESTRICTED MTN.GNG/W/28 COMMUNICATION FROM THE CHAIRMAN OF THE GROUP OF NEGOTIATIONS ON GOODS TO THE TRADE NEGOTIATIONS COMMITTEE

RESTRICTED MTN.GNG/W/28 COMMUNICATION FROM THE CHAIRMAN OF THE GROUP OF NEGOTIATIONS ON GOODS TO THE TRADE NEGOTIATIONS COMMITTEE MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS THE URUGUAY ROUND Group of Negotiations on Goods (GATT) RESTRICTED MTN.GNG/W/28 29 July 1991 Special Distribution Original: English COMMUNICATION FROM THE CHAIRMAN OF THE

More information

INT L TRADE LAW: DOHA DECLARATION & AGRICULTURAL TRADE. Prof David K. Linnan USC LAW # 665 Unit Fourteen

INT L TRADE LAW: DOHA DECLARATION & AGRICULTURAL TRADE. Prof David K. Linnan USC LAW # 665 Unit Fourteen INT L TRADE LAW: DOHA DECLARATION & AGRICULTURAL TRADE Prof David K. Linnan USC LAW # 665 Unit Fourteen BEYOND PILLARS DOHA MINISTERIAL DECLARATION 1. Concept of trade policy & restarting post- Uruguay

More information

CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web

CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Order Code RS20139 Updated April 2, 2002 China and the World Trade Organization Summary Wayne M. Morrison Specialist in International Trade and Finance

More information

,QIRUPDWLRQQRWHWRWKH&RPPLVVLRQ IURP&RPPLVVLRQHUV/DP\DQG)LVFKOHU

,QIRUPDWLRQQRWHWRWKH&RPPLVVLRQ IURP&RPPLVVLRQHUV/DP\DQG)LVFKOHU ,QIRUPDWLRQQRWHWRWKH&RPPLVVLRQ IURP&RPPLVVLRQHUV/DP\DQG)LVFKOHU 6XEMHFW WK :720LQLVWHULDO&RQIHUHQFH1RYHPEHU'RKD4DWDU± $VVHVVPHQWRIUHVXOWVIRUWKH(8 6XPPDU\ On 14 November 2001 the 142 members of the WTO

More information

The future of EU trade policy

The future of EU trade policy European Commission Speech [Check against delivery] The future of EU trade policy Brussels, 24 January 2017 EU Trade Commissioner Cecilia Malmström Bruegel Lunch Talk Ladies and gentlemen, Thank you for

More information

Response to the EC consultation on the future direction of EU trade policy. 28 July 2010

Response to the EC consultation on the future direction of EU trade policy. 28 July 2010 Response to the EC consultation on the future direction of EU trade policy 28 July 2010 Question 1: Now that the new Lisbon Treaty has entered into force, how can we best ensure that our future trade policy

More information

The International Law Annual Senior Lecturer, Kent Law School, Eliot College, University of Kent.

The International Law Annual Senior Lecturer, Kent Law School, Eliot College, University of Kent. MULTILATERAL TRADE IN A TIME OF CRISIS -Dr. Donatella Alessandrini 1 The decline of world trade has attracted a lot of attention in the past three years. After an initial recovery in 2010, due in large

More information

MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS THE URUGUAY ROUND

MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS THE URUGUAY ROUND MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS THE URUGUAY ROUND RESTRICTED MTN.GNG/12 15 August 1988 Special Distribution \ Group of Negotiations on Goods (GATT) GROUP OF NEGOTIATIONS ON GOODS Eleventh meeting: 25 and

More information

OF MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS

OF MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS OF MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS NUR 045 4 February 1991 ADDRESS BY ARTHUR DUNKEL, DIRECTOR-GENERAL OF GATT TO THE 1991 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM Davos, 4 February 1991 Ladies and Gentlemen.

More information

Preview. Chapter 9. The Cases for Free Trade. The Cases for Free Trade (cont.) The Political Economy of Trade Policy

Preview. Chapter 9. The Cases for Free Trade. The Cases for Free Trade (cont.) The Political Economy of Trade Policy Chapter 9 The Political Economy of Trade Policy Preview The cases for free trade The cases against free trade Political models of trade policy International negotiations of trade policy and the World Trade

More information

INTRODUCTION TO THE WTO

INTRODUCTION TO THE WTO Last update: 4/2/2003 INTRODUCTION TO THE WTO MARK BACCHATTA Main messages of this module: In theory, a trade agreement serves two main purposes. 1) It mitigates large countries' incentives to pursue beggar-thy-neighbor

More information

for developing countries

for developing countries Asia Pacific School of Economics and Management WORKING PAPERS world trade organization I ssues for developing countries Ron Duncan 03-1 Asia Pacific Press at the AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY http://apsem.anu.edu.au

More information

The Future of the World Trading System

The Future of the World Trading System The Future of the World Trading System Ganeshan Wignaraja 1 22 July 2011 It is easy to be pessimistic amid uncertainty. Doha has its problems, but all is not lost. There remains scope for a scaled-down

More information

Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web

Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Order Code 97-389 E Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Generalized System of Preferences Updated June 28, 2002 William H. Cooper Specialist in International Trade and Finance Foreign Affairs,

More information

Bipartisan Congressional Trade Priorities and Accountability Act of 2015: Section-by-Section Summary

Bipartisan Congressional Trade Priorities and Accountability Act of 2015: Section-by-Section Summary Bipartisan Congressional Trade Priorities and Accountability Act of 2015: Section-by-Section Summary Overview: Section 1: Short Title Section 2: Trade Negotiating Objectives Section 3: Trade Agreements

More information

TRADE POLICY REVIEW OF SOUTH AFRICA 1-2 JUNE GATT Council's Evaluation

TRADE POLICY REVIEW OF SOUTH AFRICA 1-2 JUNE GATT Council's Evaluation CENTRE WILLIAM-RAPPARD, RUE DE LAUSANNE 154, 1211 GENÈVE 21, TÉL. 022 73951 11 TRADE POLICY REVIEW OF SOUTH AFRICA 1-2 JUNE 1993 GATT Council's Evaluation GATT/1583 3 June 1993 The GATT Council conducted

More information

Developing Country Concerns and Multilateral Trade Negotiations

Developing Country Concerns and Multilateral Trade Negotiations CANADIAN AGRIFOOD TRADE RESEARCH NETWORK / RESEAU CANADIEN DE RECHERCHE EN COMMERCE INTERNATIONAL AGROALIMENTAIRE Developing Country Concerns and Multilateral Trade Negotiations Karen Huff University of

More information

ECON MACROECONOMIC PRINCIPLES Instructor: Dr. Juergen Jung Towson University. J.Jung Chapter 18 - Trade Towson University 1 / 42

ECON MACROECONOMIC PRINCIPLES Instructor: Dr. Juergen Jung Towson University. J.Jung Chapter 18 - Trade Towson University 1 / 42 ECON 202 - MACROECONOMIC PRINCIPLES Instructor: Dr. Juergen Jung Towson University J.Jung Chapter 18 - Trade Towson University 1 / 42 Disclaimer These lecture notes are customized for the Macroeconomics

More information

Chapter 9. Figure 9-1. Types of Rules of Origin

Chapter 9. Figure 9-1. Types of Rules of Origin Chapter 9 RULES OF ORIGIN 1. OVERVIEW OF RULES Rules of origin are used to determine the nationality of goods traded in international commerce. Yet, no internationally agreed upon rules of origin exist.

More information

The Future of Global Trade Policy

The Future of Global Trade Policy The Future of Global Trade Policy Martin Wolf 1 The onward march of globalisation is among the greatest economic and political stories of our era. Behind globalisation lie both deliberate policies of liberalisation

More information

The Development of FTA Rules of Origin Functions

The Development of FTA Rules of Origin Functions The Development of FTA Rules of Origin Functions Xinxuan Cheng School of Management, Hebei University Baoding 071002, Hebei, China E-mail: cheng_xinxuan@126.com Abstract The rules of origin derived from

More information

WORLD TRADE WT/MIN(98)/ST/6 18 May 1998 ORGANIZATION

WORLD TRADE WT/MIN(98)/ST/6 18 May 1998 ORGANIZATION WORLD TRADE 18 May 1998 ORGANIZATION (98-1966) MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE Second Session Geneva, 18 and 20 May 1998 Original: English MYANMAR Statement circulated by H.E. Major General Kyaw Than Minister for

More information

ECON 436: International Trade TRADE ESSAY FINAL DRAFT

ECON 436: International Trade TRADE ESSAY FINAL DRAFT ECON 436: International Trade TRADE ESSAY FINAL DRAFT Question How have the recent developments within the Doha Development Agenda affect the multilateral trade negotiations amongst advance and developing

More information

WTO Plus Commitments in RTAs. Presented By: Shailja Singh Assistant Professor Centre for WTO Studies New Delhi

WTO Plus Commitments in RTAs. Presented By: Shailja Singh Assistant Professor Centre for WTO Studies New Delhi WTO Plus Commitments in RTAs Presented By: Shailja Singh Assistant Professor Centre for WTO Studies New Delhi Some Basic Facts WTO is a significant achievement in Multilateralism Regional Trade Agreements

More information

The UK's position in the WTO

The UK's position in the WTO 1 The UK's position in the WTO Summary When the UK ceases to be an EU Member State its external trade policy will no longer be determined collectively at EU level. Instead, the UK will be responsible for

More information

With great power comes great responsibility 100 years after World War I Pathways to a secure Asia

With great power comes great responsibility 100 years after World War I Pathways to a secure Asia 8 th Berlin Conference on Asian Security (BCAS) With great power comes great responsibility 100 years after World War I Pathways to a secure Asia Berlin, June 22-24, 2014 A conference jointly organized

More information

Sait AKMAN, Director of G20 Studies Centre at the Turkish Economic Policy Research Institute (TEPAV) SAIT AKMAN. 05 February 2017 Berlin, Germany

Sait AKMAN, Director of G20 Studies Centre at the Turkish Economic Policy Research Institute (TEPAV) SAIT AKMAN. 05 February 2017 Berlin, Germany SAIT AKMAN 05 February 2017 Berlin, Germany Session II. Supporting the Multilateral Trading System: Curbing protectionism, developing new trade-friendly narratives, and ensuring meaningful deliverables

More information

Trade and Public Policies: NTMs in the WTO

Trade and Public Policies: NTMs in the WTO Trade and Public Policies: NTMs in the WTO Xinyi Li Trade Policies Review Division, WTO Secretariat 12 th ARTNeT Capacity Building Workshop December 2016 1 Disclaimer The views and opinions expressed in

More information

India`s trade policy: Its position at the WTO and its FTAs By Pradeep S. Mehta 1

India`s trade policy: Its position at the WTO and its FTAs By Pradeep S. Mehta 1 India`s trade policy: Its position at the WTO and its FTAs By Pradeep S. Mehta 1 The evolution of India s trade policy is indeed a highly complex and nuanced one. When one thinks of India in the international

More information

Putting development back in the WTO

Putting development back in the WTO Putting development back in the WTO Timothy A. Wise et Kevin P. Gallagher Global Development and Environment Institute, Tufts University, Medford, MA USA Global trade talks collapsed in July for the third

More information