#9: The Age of Jackson

Transcription

1 #9: The Age of Jackson 1. Part of the "democratizing" of politics during the age of Jackson was the A) direct election of United States senators. B) enfranchisement of women in western states. C) elimination of property qualifications for voting and holding office. D) direct election of the President and Vice-President. 2. Prior to the "democratizing" of politics during the age of Jackson, presidential candidates were usually chosen via A) national convention. B) state legislature. C) congressional caucus. D) national electoral commission. 3. During John Quincy Adams's presidency, the politician who prepared for the next election by relying on his military reputation and portraying himself as losing the presidency in 1824 due to the "corrupt bargain" was A) Henry Clay. B) William Henry Harrison. C) John C. Calhoun. D) Andrew Jackson. 4. In the election of 1828, A) Andrew Jackson defeated John Quincy Adams in a contest disgraced by character assassination on both sides. B) Henry Clay was chosen president when the election was thrown into the House of Representatives. C) Andrew Jackson lost because of the "corrupt bargain" between Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams. D) the negative political campaigns depressed voter turnout. 5. Garraty/Carnes describes as "the symbol for a new democratically oriented generation." A) Martin Van Buren B) Henry Clay C) Andrew Jackson D) John C. Calhoun 6. The basic concept underlying the "spoils system" was that A) candidates must campaign viciously to "spoil" the chances of their opponents. B) party workers must be rewarded with political office after a successful campaign. C) there was no need to take into account the wishes of the average voter. D) government positions should not be "spoiled" by turning them into political plums.

2 7. One of the "fundamental tenets of Jacksonian Democracy" was that A) educated and virtuous people should be elected to office. B) long-term stability for government employees improved government services. C) expert knowledge was the key to a democratic government. D) ordinary Americans could do anything. 8. Jackson's advisers who did not hold regular Cabinet appointments were called the A) Locofocos. B) Tennessee Regulars. C) Old Hickories. D) Kitchen Cabinet. 9. Jackson's popularity and success were primarily the result of his A) expert knowledge of the issues. B) genius as an administrator. C) personality and leadership. D) open-mindedness to all sides of a question. 10. Jackson's view of the presidency differed from his predecessor's primarily in his belief that the A) scope of federal authority should be expanded at the states' expense. B) President was the direct representative of all the people and the embodiment of national power. C) federal government should engage in a vigorous program of internal improvements. D) advice of experts was crucial to sound presidential decisions. 11. The 1830 debate between Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Senator Robert Hayne of South Carolina focused on A) the doctrine of states' rights as opposed to national power. B) the constitutionality of the Second Bank of the United States. C) the "corrupt bargain" during the election of D) Jackson's policy of Indian Removal. 12. In response to the espousal of the states' rights doctrine on the Senate floor by South Carolinian Robert Hayne, argued that the Constitution was a compact of the people and that the Union was indissoluble. A) John C. Calhoun B) Andrew Jackson C) Thomas Jefferson D) Daniel Webster 13. Daniel Webster's "Second Reply to Hayne" A) helped to prevent the formation of a West-South alliance. B) resulted in his impeachment as a senator. C) was a rousing defense of states rights. D) made him a hero among those in the West.

3 14. Other than Jackson's personal popularity, the main campaign issue in the election of 1832 was A) nullification. B) Jackson's Indian Removal policy. C) the spoils system. D) the Bank of the United States. 15. Nicholas Biddle realized that he could use the Second National Bank as a A) rudimentary central bank. B) mechanism to undermine President Jackson. C) monopoly to enrich foreign investors. D) means to thwart the political ambitions of Henry Clay. 16. was a leading opponent of the Second National Bank of the United States. A) Daniel Webster B) Nicholas Biddle C) Henry Clay D) Andrew Jackson 17. The senator who pushed for renewal of the Bank of the United States charter in 1832 to provide himself a campaign issue against Jackson was A) John Eaton. B) John C. Calhoun. C) Henry Clay. D) Martin Van Buren. 18. Jackson defended his veto of the charter of the Second National Bank on the grounds that it was A) too weak to help stabilize the economy. B) unable to attract foreign investors. C) dominated by speculators in western land. D) unconstitutional, despite the Supreme Court. 19. believed the Second Bank of the United States was making "the rich richer and the potent more powerful." A) Nicholas Biddle B) Daniel Webster C) Henry Clay D) Andrew Jackson 20. Jackson's most powerful weapon against the Bank of the United States was the A) power to remove Bank officers. B) ability to withdraw government revenues from the Bank. C) Specie Circular, which required the Bank to redeem its notes in gold. D) loyal backing of prominent National Republicans such as Daniel Webster.

4 21. Jackson's attitude toward nullification was to A) oppose it because John C. Calhoun supported it. B) support it because it was a Southern doctrine and he was a southerner. C) oppose it because of his devotion to the Union. D) oppose it as being divisive in practice, but support it as being correct in principle. 22. The conflict between Jackson and Calhoun was sharpened by their strong disagreement over the A) Peggy Eaton controversy. B) Maysville Road. C) Second National Bank. D) Webster-Hayne debate. 23. Like fellow westerners, Jackson A) did not favor internal improvements. B) preferred that local projects be left to the states. C) believed that the federal government should maintain all surpluses. D) thought congressional power should be interpreted broadly. 24. The person who wrote in Democracy in America about "the frightful sufferings that attend these forced migrations" of Indian tribes was A) John C. Calhoun. B) Black Hawk. C) Alexis de Tocqueville. D) John Marshall. 25. Jackson's policy toward the American Indian was to A) give them citizenship. B) respect their culture and traditional homelands. C) place them on reservations in each state. D) remove them to lands west of the Mississippi. 26. The Indian tribe forced to move from Georgia as a result of Jackson's policies was the A) Seminole. B) Cherokee. C) Sioux. D) Choctaw. 27. The map "Indian Removals" indicates that the Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, and Seminole were forcibly removed from A) Georgia, Virginia, Kentucky, Florida, South Carolina, and Alabama. B) Arkansas, Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, and Kentucky. C) Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida. D) Louisiana, Georgia, Illinois, Ohio, South Carolina, and Florida.

5 28. Andrew Jackson opposed John Marshall's rulings about the Cherokee Nation in Georgia because he A) was hoping to appease his southern supporters. B) believed no independent nation could be allowed to exist within the United States. C) was a strong advocate of states' rights. D) hated all American Indians and wanted to destroy them completely. 29. How did white southerners react to northern criticisms of slavery? A) Whites in the "new" South of Mississippi and Alabama (outnumbered by slaves three to one) feared criticisms of slavery might lead to rebellion. B) A significant minority of pro-unionist southerners agreed with the criticisms. C) Most southerners continued to view slaves as always docile, happy, and childlike. D) Radical South Carolinians were convinced that both the protective tariff and the agitation against slavery were examples of tyranny of the majority. 30. The southern political thinker who most prominently justified southern resistance to the Tariff of 1828 was A) John Tyler. B) John C. Calhoun. C) William Crawford. D) Henry Clay. 31. The foundation of South Carolina's challenge of the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 was A) economic and social. B) political and religious. C) religious and social. D) economic and political. 32. "The laws of the United States must be executed. I have no discretionary power on the subject Those who told you that you might peaceably prevent their execution deceived you Disunion by armed force is treason. Are you really ready to incur its guilt?" This was the response of Andrew Jackson to the actions of A) South Carolina. B) New York. C) Mississippi. D) Georgia. 33. The outcome of the Nullification Crisis convinced the radical South Carolina planters that A) Jackson could not be trusted to keep his promises. B) Calhoun was not firmly committed to nullification. C) nullification and secession could succeed only with the support of other states. D) the government of the United States was an absolute tyranny. 34. During 1835 and 1836, as a result of the creation of the "pet" banks, A) economic stability and prosperity resumed. B) the money supply shrank dramatically and plunged the country into a depression. C) the Bank of the United States retained all government deposits. D) the money supply increased rapidly and fueled wild speculation in land.

6 35. President Jackson issued the in 1836 to require purchase of public land in gold or silver. A) Emancipation Proclamation B) Public Domain Act C) Specie Circular D) Homestead Act 36. What effect did Jackson's economic policies have on the business cycle? A) They exaggerated the swings of the economic pendulum through the impact of their ill-considered policies on public thinking. B) They successfully stimulated the economy and ended the Panic of C) They were successful examples of the workings of the free marketplace and of the success of laissezfaire economics. D) The federal government was so weak that they had almost no effect. 37. The caused panic in the country in the spring of A) re-election of Andrew Jackson B) inability of banks to make specie payments C) rise of the radical Locofoco faction D) purchase of Florida from Spain 38. When Alexis de Tocqueville stated, "Far from wishing to extend Federal power, [he] belongs to the party that wishes to limit that power" he was referring to A) Thomas Jefferson. B) John C. Calhoun. C) Henry Clay. D) Andrew Jackson. 39. An underlying principle commonly agreed upon by Jacksonians was A) increased government regulation of the economy. B) respect for professional experts in government. C) elimination of slavery and the slave trade. D) suspicion of special privileges and large business corporations. 40. The Jacksonians who championed giving the "small man" his chance were the A) Barnburners. B) Know-Nothings. C) Locofocos. D) National Republicans. 41. The new political coalition which emerged to challenge Democratic control in the 1830s was the A) Federalists. B) Locofocos. C) Know-Nothings. D) Whigs.

7 42. The unifying principle of the Whig Party was A) support of Henry Clay as a political leader. B) opposition to "King Andrew" Jackson. C) desire to return to property qualifications for voting and holding office. D) rejection of strong government. 43. The Whig Party's strategy in the election of 1836 was to A) nominate Henry Clay because of his strong opposition to Jacksonian policies. B) run several candidates in the hope that the House of Representatives would decide the election. C) boycott the Electoral College and appeal to the voters. D) nominate William Henry Harrison because he could appeal to Jackson supporters. 44. Martin Van Buren's response to the Panic of 1837 was to A) inflate the currency. B) reestablish the National Bank. C) push for federal funding of internal improvements in order to create jobs. D) reject government interference in the economy. 45. Martin Van Buren's chief goal as President was to A) end the Panic of 1837 by active government intervention in the economy. B) find an acceptable substitute for the state banks as a place to keep federal funds. C) increase the tariff in order to protect New England's "infant industries." D) institute federal funding for a national transportation network. 46. As President, Van Buren tried to "divorce" the government from all banking activities through the A) "pet" banks network. B) Independent Treasury Act. C) Specie Circular. D) Third National Bank. 47. In the election of 1840 the Whig's presidential nominee, a former military hero whose political opinions were largely unknown, was A) William Henry Harrison. B) Martin Van Buren. C) James K. Polk. D) Zachary Taylor. 48. "Tippecanoe and Tyler too!" was the campaign slogan for General William Henry Harrison who was the nominee of the A) Democrats. B) Republicans. C) Federalists. D) Whigs.

8 49. Over what issue did David Crockett split with President Andrew Jackson, eventually costing him his congressional seat? A) The Second National Bank. B) Slavery. C) Removal of Indians from the South. D) Cheap land for frontier farmers. 50. Immediately after William Henry Harrison's inauguration, A) Clay emerged as the power behind the throne, directing the naive and weak-willed Harrison. B) Harrison died, was succeeded by the doctrinaire John Tyler, and the political climate of the country changed dramatically. C) Harrison became a surprisingly strong chief executive, modeling himself on Jackson. D) Harrison died and was succeeded by John Tyler, who was easily manipulated by Webster and Clay.