The Politics of Centre-State Relations and the Formulation of India s Foreign Policy
|
|
- Karin Glenn
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 24 November 2011 The Politics of Centre-State Relations and the Formulation of India s Foreign Policy Tridivesh Maini FDI Associate Key Points Due to economic imperatives, state governments along India s periphery are becoming increasingly influential in the formulation of India s foreign policy with neighbouring countries. The complexity and nature of national coalition politics in India means that support from regional parties are often instrumental in not only forming governments, but deciding the outcome of policies which are of national significance. As India s border regions continue to develop and benefit from domestic and foreign investment, their influence over the centre and its policies is also likely to increase. Summary Since India attained independence from Britain, the politics of centre-state relations has remained a powerful force in shaping India s foreign policy. Furthermore, India s rapid economic growth has given a new found influence to regional parties, which has led to an increasing assertiveness of regional parties in India s political life. In turn, this has led to regional parties having disproportionate influence over the formulation of foreign policy particularly with regard to India s immediate neighbours.
2 Analysis Trends in Coalition Politics Centre-State relations in India have undergone numerous transformations over the last decade. This has a lot to do with the increasing power of regional parties vis-a-vis national parties, such as the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Congress. While there have been numerous experiments, regional parties have played a major role in the functioning of the current Congress-led, United Progressive Alliance (UPA) coalition government since We also should not forget the crucial role of regional players in cobbling up a BJP led National Democratic Alliance (NDA), which ruled from During the era from independence until the 1980s where Congress was dominant, regional parties did take a firm stand on economic and political issues affecting centre-state relations. It is only fair to make the point that even legitimate grievances of regional parties were not given adequate attention in the mainstream. This in spite of the fact there were coalition experiments in 1977, 1989 and Demands for greater autonomy, both political and economic, were not taken seriously, with the mainstream political parties asserting that such changes would weaken the centre and have an adverse impact on India s political balance. The first crucial move towards greater autonomy was inspired by the United Front experiment of 1996 and As a result of that experiment, and its emphasis on the devolution of greater economic and administrative autonomy to the states, India s centralised political structure witnessed a genuine shift towards becoming a more federalised entity. Coalition governments have become an accepted norm in India. With their firm commitment to granting more autonomy to states and transferring the vast majority of centrally-sponsored programmes to state governments, regional parties have successfully advanced the cause of federalism. Regional parties and regional aspirations were further strengthened as a consequence of the NDA and UPA coalition governments, which have had to depend heavily upon regional allies. Increasing assertiveness of regional parties The National Democratic Alliance coalitions had to give in on many occasions to allies such as the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) of Tamil Nadu, Telugu Desam of Andhra Pradesh and the National Conference of Jammu and Kashmir. The first NDA Government actually fell as a consequence of the DMK withdrawing its support. Similarly, there were differences over the issue of giving more autonomy to Jammu and Kashmir, between the National Conference, an important constituent of the NDA, and the BJP, which headed the alliance. The National Conference actually passed a resolution supporting greater autonomy on the floor of the Jammu and Kashmir Assembly on 26 June 2000, which would have been dubbed secessionist had it been done a decade earlier. More recently, National Conference, which is now part of the ruling UPA, has taken a firm stand on the issue of the Armed Forces Special Powers Act in Kashmir. The Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir, Omar Abdullah, who heads an alliance government, has been publically demanding that this Act be withdrawn from certain parts of the state, much to the chagrin of his alliance partner, the Congress. There are some more interesting trends that have emerged over the last decade. Regional parties that are not part of an alliance have also had their way and shared a good rapport with New Delhi. There is no better illustration of this than the People s Democratic Party (PDP) which, despite being an ally of the Congress Party, functioned in sync with the BJP-led Page 2 of 6
3 NDA. This enabled it to get its demand for a bus route connecting Sri Nagar and Muzzafarabad on the Pakistani side of Kashmir. This was a long standing demand of Kashmiri political actors and it was quite unusual that the BJP Government, supposedly tough on issues involving Pakistan, gave in on such an important issue. The bus service, an idea mooted by the PDP, was inaugurated in 2005 by current Prime Minister, Dr Manmohan Singh. National parties cannot ignore regional aspirations The other interesting trend is that even national parties in the states differ from their respective leadership over certain issues. A clear example is the river water dispute between Punjab and Haryana, where the Punjab unit of the Congress Party is at variance not only with the Haryana unit, but also New Delhi. In fact, the Chief Minister of Punjab, Captain Amarinder Singh, annulled all river water agreements without the consent of the leadership, and was rebuked for doing so. Other interesting examples include the differences between the Congress High Command and the Andhra Pradesh unit over the creation of Telengana. Similarly, the Tamil Nadu unit of the Congress Party was part of a resolution passed by the Tamil Nadu assembly, which sought amnesty for the killers of the late Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi. The fact that state units of national parties take different stands on vexatious issues, illustrates further the growing voice of regional influence in Indian political life. Provincial participation in India's foreign policy With the increasing role of states in policy formulation, their role in foreign policy has also increased. While it must be mentioned that individual states have long been pursuing economic diplomacy with other countries, the increased role of the states in India s broader relationships with its neighbours is a more recent phenomenon. In certain cases, this is a consequence of coalition politics and the changing nature of Centre- State relations; for example, India's Sri Lanka policy, which could not ignore the demands of Tamil Nadu's main political entities, such as the DMK and ruling All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK). Similarly, India's Bangladesh policy cannot ignore the concerns of West Bengal Chief Minister, Mamata Banerjee, as the UPA is heavily dependent upon Ms Banerjee's Trinamool Congress. In fact, a water agreement with Bangladesh was put on hold because Ms Banerjee was not convinced by some of its provisions. Originally scheduled to accompany the Prime Minister on his visit to Bangladesh in September, Ms Banerjee ultimately refused to go. By the same token, India's Pakistan policy is heavily influenced by the ruling National Conference in Kashmir and the PDP. Both parties have been supporting continuous dialogue and engagement with Pakistan and more porous borders, to facilitate free trade and increased people to people contacts. In other cases, non-alliance partners have not only put forward their case for initiatives, but received support from the central government. This received unflinching support from the BJP-led central government, even though the PDP was allied to the Congress Party. There are other examples where Chief Ministers belonging to the ruling party have received support to a certain point, but have been dissuaded on the basis of national security concerns. A good illustration of such a case is the interaction between the Indian and Pakistani controlled sections of the Punjab, initiated by the Punjab Chief Minister, Captain Amarinder Singh. There are suggestions that initially Captain Singh received support from the central government, but some in the South bloc began to feel uncomfortable with these initiatives. Page 3 of 6
4 Apart from the change in centre-state relations and important political issues discussed above, the geographical relevance of border-states in regional connectivity has gained in importance in recent years, bringing them back to the forefront of regional diplomacy. For a long time, the images of borders in the South Asian context have been shaped by conflicts between nation-states and the activities of cross-border insurgents. In the recent past, the recognition of geo-strategic benefits has been transforming the way border-states are viewed; though the old thinking refuses to die out and is reinforced by events such as the Mumbai attack of November These changes add weight to the increased assertiveness of states. The creation of regional and sub-regional groupings has raised the prospects for cooperation between border provinces. Ever since its advent nearly two and a half decades ago, the South Asian Regional Forum for Cooperation (SAARC) has been held hostage to bilateral disputes, principally between India and Pakistan. As a consequence, SAARC has not been able to facilitate co-operation between its member states. The realisation that borderstates can develop only if they are opened up to neighbouring countries, has resulted in subregional initiatives, such as the Mekong-Ganga Cooperation Initiative (MGCI) and the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC). The logic of these initiatives has been reinforced by geography and cultural issues. It is also noteworthy that the current UPA platform, headed by Dr Manmohan Singh, has encouraged an open approach to borders in both the east and west. In the East, there has been a push for enhanced connectivity between the north-eastern provinces and Bangladesh. In the west, there has been some progress in opening up the borders with Pakistan, for example in Kashmir and the two Punjab s located in India and Pakistan respectively. Connectivity between border regions and its political relevance In recent years, connectivity between the border regions of India and its South Asian neighbours has increased. After decades-old demands by the local authorities in Sikkim and the neighbouring Darjeeling Autonomous Hill Council, the Nathu La pass was re-opened in The first Amritsar-Lahore bus was mooted in 2006 and the bus from Amritsar to Nankana Sahib was started in the same year. Important steps have also been taken to enhance connectivity between Rajasthan and Sind, the two Kashmir s and the two Punjab s. Connectivity between India s northeast states and Myanmar and Bangladesh has also increased. Other infrastructure developments that will improve connectivity are under construction. For many years, traders and local authorities in India s northeast have been demanding the reopening of the Stillwell Road, which links the region with China via Myanmar, but New Delhi remains averse to the idea. Similarly, connectivity with Nepal, Bangladesh and Bhutan by rail and road has been increased. The recent visit of Prime Minister Singh to Bangladesh laid special emphasis on more connectivity with India s eastern neighbour. It was for this reason Prime Minister Singh was accompanied by the Chief Ministers of four north-eastern states. The stress on making borders irrelevant without redrawing them has raised new hopes in the border regions. Political parties across the spectrum now seem to realise the relevance of border regions. An excellent example of this is the fact that connectivity projects initiated by the BJP-led NDA government were carried forward by the Congress-UPA government. For instance, the bus between the two Kashmir s and the train service between Rajasthan and Sind were policies launched by the NDA government. Page 4 of 6
5 Foreign policy issues have become important electoral issues in certain states. One example was the Punjab Assembly election in February 2007, where the Congress Party fought on the platform of closer relations between the two Punjab s. Similarly, in Rajasthan, the promise of a train service between Rajasthan and Sind was used successfully by Manvendra Singh, the BJP candidate from Barmer constituency, in the 2004 elections. The Tamil fishermen issue has for many years created tension between India and Sri Lanka. In the recent assembly elections in Tamil Nadu, one of the key issues in the campaign was the dispute over Kachchathivu Island, a small island owned by Sri Lanka but claimed by Tamil Nadu as part of India. To what degree can the states participate in foreign policy formulation? In part, this will hinge on the political influence of the state s ruling party it will either have numerical relevance to the central government, as was the case with the DMK in Tamil Nadu, or else the issue should have particular resonance with central government priorities (the PDP s demand to open bus links between the two Kashmir s is a particularly good example). Another interesting question is whether states that aren t numerically significant players in a coalition or at least able to bring significant public support to the table can play a substantial role in foreign policy initiatives. The answer to this is probably in the negative. The north-eastern states, which have hitherto failed to pressure the government over the opening up of borders with neighbouring countries like Burma, are a valid illustration of this state of affairs. Although there has been a change in mindset as far as cross-border provinces are concerned, deep-seated concerns persist among certain political groups. Some are of the opinion that cross-border provincial interactions dilute the central government s authority over the border provinces. Others consider that opening borders recklessly is a threat to national security. However, they seem to refuse to accept the fact that cooperation among border regions can help, rather than harm, national interests. For example, in the case of the two Punjab s, it has been argued by many analysts that interactions in between politicians and common Punjabis not only helped in healing wounds between the provinces, but also in changing individual perceptions of the other country. While these state exchanges cannot override policies determined in the national capital, they can become an important component in assisting the process of policy formulation. There is no doubt that the central government has to take the lead in foreign policy, in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution. Nonetheless, state governments sometimes have a bigger economic interest in pushing for closer links with neighbouring countries than the central government. Apart from that, they are bound by a common past and the logic of geography, and their role cannot be underestimated. About the author: Trividesh Maini is an Associate Fellow with the Observer Research Foundation, New Delhi and is one of the editors of Warriors after War: Indian and Pakistani Retired Military Leaders Reflect on Relations between the Two Countries, Past, Present and Future (Peter Lang, 2011). Page 5 of 6
6 ***** Any opinions or views expressed in this paper are those of the individual author, unless stated to be those of Future Directions International. Published by Future Directions International Pty Ltd. Desborough House, Suite 2, 1161 Hay Street, West Perth WA 6005 Australia. Tel: Fax: sdesilva@futuredirections.org.au Web: Page 6 of 6
ISAS Insights No. 71 Date: 29 May 2009
ISAS Insights No. 71 Date: 29 May 2009 469A Bukit Timah Road #07-01, Tower Block, Singapore 259770 Tel: 6516 6179 / 6516 4239 Fax: 6776 7505 / 6314 5447 Email: isassec@nus.edu.sg Website: www.isas.nus.edu.sg
More informationPARTY WISE SEATS WON AND VOTES POLLED (%),LOK SABHA 2009
PARTY WISE AND (%),LOK SABHA 2009 S. NO. PARTY NAME PARTY STATE NAME TOTAL ELECTORS 1 All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam S Tamil Nadu 30390960 41620460 9 6953591 22.88 2 All India Forward Bloc S
More informationThe turbulent rise of regional parties: A many-sided threat for Congress
The turbulent rise of regional parties: A many-sided threat for Congress By: Sanjay Kumar Sanjay Kumar is a Fellow at Centre for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS) Delhi REGIONAL PARTIES CHALLENGE
More informationISA S Insights No. 64 Date: 13 May 2009
ISA S Insights No. 64 Date: 13 May 2009 469A Bukit Timah Road #07-01, Tower Block, Singapore 259770 Tel: 6516 6179 / 6516 4239 Fax: 6776 7505 / 6314 5447 Email: isassec@nus.edu.sg Website: www.isas.nus.edu.sg
More informationPakistan-India Relations
Pakistan-India Relations DR. RUKHSANA QAMBER PRESIDENT IRS Summary Recent developments in Indian foreign relations India Occupied Kashmir (IOK) Developments in Pak-India relations Chances of resuming the
More informationChapter 2 A Brief History of India
Chapter 2 A Brief History of India Civilization in India began around 2500 B.C. when the inhabitants of the Indus River Valley began commercial and agricultural trade. Around 1500 B.C., the Indus Valley
More informationSUBJECT : POLITICAL SCIENCE
SUBJECT : POLITICAL SCIENCE CH.1 : THE COLD WAR ERA 1. Describe the Cuban Missile Crises. 2. Explain the cold war. 3. Discuss the ideology of USSR and USA. 4. Why did USA decided to drop atom bomb on Japan?
More informationPolitical, Economic, and Security Situation in India
8 TH INDIA KOREA DIALOGUE May 20, 2009 Political, Economic, and Security Situation in India N.S. Sisodia Director General, IDSA Structure of Presentation POLITICAL: 15 th Lok Sabha Elections A Positive
More informationCase studies of female political leaders in India
Diskriminierung als Hemmnis der Entwicklung an den Rand gedrängte Gruppen in Indien Case studies of female political leaders in India Dept. Political Science South Asia Institute Heidelberg University
More informationISAS Insights No. 57 Date: 2 April 2009
ISAS Insights No. 57 Date: 2 April 2009 469A Bukit Timah Road #07-01, Tower Block, Singapore 259770 Tel: 6516 6179 / 6516 4239 Fax: 6776 7505 / 6314 5447 Email: isassec@nus.edu.sg Website: www.isas.nus.edu.sg
More informationSHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [3 MARKS]
POLITICAL PARTIES SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [3 MARKS] 1. How do political parties shape public opinion? Explain with three examples. Political parties shape public opinion in the following ways. They
More informationPakistan s Policy Objectives in the Indian Ocean Region
12 2 September 2013 Pakistan s Policy Objectives in the Indian Ocean Region Associate Professor Claude Rakisits FDI Senior Visiting Fellow Key Points Pakistan s key present foreign policy objectives are:
More informationinterviews Conceptions and Misconceptions about Kashmir An Interview with Omar Abdullah
interviews Conceptions and Misconceptions about Kashmir An Interview with Omar Abdullah Omar Abdullah served as Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir from January 2009 to December 2014. After representing
More informationHappymon Jacob China, India, Pakistan and a stable regional order
Happymon Jacob China, India, Pakistan and a stable regional order 12 Three powers China, India, and Pakistan hold the keys to the future of south Asia. As the West withdraws from Afghanistan and US influence
More informationMODI S ENGAGEMENT WITH INDIA S NEIGHBORS
policy q&a August 2014 Produced by The National Bureau of Asian Research for the Senate India Caucus india in a south asian context MODI S ENGAGEMENT WITH INDIA S NEIGHBORS India s new prime minister Narendra
More informationAdnan Farooqui a & E. Sridharan b a Department of Political Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi,
This article was downloaded by: [Columbia University] On: 06 December 2014, At: 19:49 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer
More informationISAS Insights No. 2 Date: 21 April 2005 (All rights reserved)
ISAS Insights No. 2 Date: 21 April 2005 (All rights reserved) Institute of South Asian Studies Hon Sui Sen Memorial Library Building 1 Hon Sui Sen Drive (117588) Tel: 68746179 Fax: 67767505 Email: isaspt@nus.edu.sg
More informationWILL THE STATES AND THE ECONOMY DECIDE?
policy q&a November 2013 Produced by The National Bureau of Asian Research for the Senate India Caucus india s upcoming elections WILL THE STATES AND THE ECONOMY DECIDE? This spring, nearly 790 million
More informationISAS Insights No. 50 Date: 13 February 2009
ISAS Insights No. 50 Date: 13 February 2009 469A Bukit Timah Road #07-01, Tower Block, Singapore 259770 Tel: 6516 6179 / 6516 4239 Fax: 6776 7505 / 6314 5447 Email: isassec@nus.edu.sg Website: www.isas.nus.edu.sg
More informationChapter 6 Political Parties
Chapter 6 Political Parties Political Parties Political parties are one of the most visible institutions in a democracy. Is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF STATE POLITICS IN INDIA
UNIT 1 DEVELOPMENT OF STATE POLITICS IN INDIA Structure 1.1 Introduction 1.2 State Politics: the 1950s 1960s 1.3 Rise of Regional Forces and State Politics: the 1970s 1.4 State Politics: the 1980s onwards
More informationIndia and the Indian Ocean
India and the Indian Ocean Claudia Astarita Executive summary In 2013, the only priority for the Indian government, led by a coalition headed by the Congress Party, has been the one of gaining new consensus
More informationSocial Science Class 9 th
Social Science Class 9 th Poverty as a Challenge Social exclusion Vulnerability Poverty Line Poverty Estimates Vulnerable Groups Inter-State Disparities Global Poverty Scenario Causes of Poverty Anti-Poverty
More informationModi One Year On: A Good, Bad or Indifferent Performance?
12 25 May 2015 Modi One Year On: A Good, Bad or Indifferent Performance? Lindsay Hughes Research Analyst Indian Ocean Research Programme Key Points Modi was elected with an anti-corruption and economic
More informationWho Put the BJP in Power?
Decoding the Government s Mandate Center for the Advanced Study of India, University of Pennsylvania August 7, 2014 Orienting Questions Introduction Orienting Questions BJP s Overall Performance BJP won
More informationCoalition Politics and Role of Regional Parties in North India
Volume-02 Issue-09 September-2017 ISSN: 2455-3085 (Online) www.rrjournals.com Coalition Politics and Role of Regional Parties in North India *Neelam Rani *Assistant Professor in Laws, GHG Institute of
More informationTRADE COMPARISON. Spain s Trade with: Pakistan India Bangladesh China Sri Lanka
212 TRADE COMPARISON Spain s Trade with: Pakistan India Bangladesh China Sri Lanka 343-A Bhabra Market, Main Ferozepur Road, Lahore Tel: +92-42- 35858221, 35852947 1/1/212 Spain: TRADE COMPARISON Unit
More informationOnline appendix for Chapter 4 of Why Regional Parties
Online appendix for Chapter 4 of Why Regional Parties Table of Contents The text reference column lists locations in Chapter 4 that refer to the online appendix. The description of content column explains
More informationISAS Insights. Pakistan-India Detente: A Three-Step Tango. Shahid Javed Burki 1. No August 2012
ISAS Insights No. 179 8 August 2012 469A Bukit Timah Road #07-01, Tower Block, Singapore 259770 Tel: 6516 6179 / 6516 4239 Fax: 6776 7505 / 6314 5447 Email: isassec@nus.edu.sg Website: www.isas.nus.edu.sg
More informationSAARC and its Significance for Regional Cooperation
INSTITUTE OF STRATEGIC STUDIES web: www.issi.org.pk phone: +92-920-4423, 24 fax: +92-920-4658 Issue Brief SAARC and its Significance for Regional Cooperation Muhammad Taimur Fahad Khan, Research Assistant,
More informationMEMBERS' REFERENCE SERVICE LARRDIS LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT, NEW DELHI REFERENCE NOTE. No. 35/RN/Ref/July/2016
MEMBERS' REFERENCE SERVICE LARRDIS LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT, NEW DELHI REFERENCE NOTE No. 35/RN/Ref/July/2016 For the use of Members of Parliament NOT FOR PUBLICATION 1 Recent Elections to Five Legislative
More informationAs India heads into an election year, its
CURRENT HISTORY April 2013 [T]he prospect of India without a stable governing coalition whether established by the Congress Party, by the BJP, or by regional parties supported by either the Congress or
More informationDemocracy in India: A Citizens' Perspective APPENDICES. Lokniti : Centre for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS)
Democracy in India: A Citizens' Perspective APPENDICES Appendix 1: The SDSA II (India component) covered states of India. All major states were included in the sample. The smaller states of North East
More informationCOUNTRY FOCUS: INDIA. Modi s initiatives
COUNTRY FOCUS: INDIA As India approaches elections in many crucial states, Narendra Modi remains popular but the Hindu nationalist prime minister faces the challenge of delivering on his campaign promises.
More informationLook East and Look West Policy. Written by Civil Services Times Magazine Monday, 12 December :34
Major feature of the post-cold war India s foreign policy is the so called Look East policy in which SE Asia and East Asia, especially the regional organisation, ASEAN, has been identified as central to
More informationFDI Outlook and Analysis for 2018
23 January 2018 FDI Outlook and Analysis for 2018 Across the Indo-Pacific Region, the year ahead has all the hallmarks of continuing geopolitical uncertainly and the likelihood of increasing concern over
More informationBJP: Vajpayee s ascendancy and BJP s decline: An analysis.
Published on South Asia Analysis Group (http://www.southasiaanalysis.org) Home > BJP: Vajpayee s ascendancy and BJP s decline: An analysis. BJP: Vajpayee s ascendancy and BJP s decline: An analysis. Submitted
More informationBIMSTEC: Relevance and Challenges Amitendu Palit, Rahul Choudhury and Silvia Tieri
No. 519 10 October 2018 BIMSTEC: Relevance and Challenges Amitendu Palit, Rahul Choudhury and Silvia Tieri Executive Summary As a collective of countries around the Bay of Bengal rim, the Bay of Bengal
More informationPossibility of Bay of Bengal (BoB) & BIMSTEC
June 13, 2018 MOF 1/10 Workshop on Political and Economic Future of the Bay of Bengal by co-hosted SAIS and PRI Possibility of Bay of Bengal (BoB) & BIMSTEC Gifu Women s University TAKENORI HORIMOTO Regional
More informationThe Face-Off in Doklam: Interpreting India-China Relations
The Face-Off in Doklam: Interpreting India-China Relations The recent standoff between India and China on the Doklam plateau was the latest in an increasingly long history of conflict and unease along
More informationREFUGEE LAW IN INDIA
An Open Access Journal from The Law Brigade (Publishing) Group 148 REFUGEE LAW IN INDIA Written by Cicily Martin 3rd year BA LLB Christ College INTRODUCTION The term refugee means a person who has been
More information0447 INDIA STUDIES. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers.
CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2015 series 0447 INDIA STUDIES 0447/02 Paper 2 (Case Studies), maximum
More informationJammu And Kashmir: Democracy And Human Rights
Jammu And Kashmir: Democracy And Human Rights Riyaz Punjabi* Introduction The Jammu and Kashmir ( J&K) state government has completed three years in the office and has entered its fourth year. The life
More informationImplications of the Indo-US Growing Nuclear Nexus on the Regional Geopolitics
Center for Global & Strategic Studies Implications of the Indo-US Growing Nuclear Nexus on the Regional Geopolitics Contact Us at www.cgss.com.pk info@cgss.com.pk 1 Abstract The growing nuclear nexus between
More informationGovernance in South Asia Part II: Provincial Co-Operation and Water Security
12 7 November 2017 Governance in South Asia Part II: Provincial Co-Operation and Water Security Madeleine Lovelle Research Analyst Global Food and Water Crises Research Programme Key Points Internal governance
More informationELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA Nirvachan Sadan, Ashoka Road, New Delhi PRESS NOTE
ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA Nirvachan Sadan, Ashoka Road, New Delhi-110001. No.MCS/PN/06/2001 Dated The 4 th April, 2001 PRESS NOTE Subject: General Elections to the Legislative Assemblies of Assam, Kerala,
More informationConnecting India A Road Map for New Roads
IPCS ISSUE BRIEF NO 58 JANUARY 2008 Connecting India A Road Map for New Roads D SUBA CHANDRAN N MANOHARAN VIBHANSHU SHEKHAR PG RAJA MOHAN JABIN JACOB Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies Artificially
More informationSINO-INDIAN COOPERATION IN THEIR BORDER AREAS: RATIONALE, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES 28 November Jabin T. Jacob
The International Forum on the Development and Opening-up in the China Border Area and the National and Regional Cooperation with the Neighboring Countries, Center of Chinese Borderland History and Geography,
More informationMedia Briefing by External Affairs Minister at the end of 14th SAARC Summit
Media Briefing by External Affairs Minister at the end of 14th SAARC Summit 04/04/2007 4th April, 2007 External Affairs Minister: We have just concluded a very successful, indeed a landmark, 14th SAARC
More informationINDO BANGLADESH RELATIONS POST MODI Farooq Sobhan President, Bangladesh Enterprise Institute
INDO BANGLADESH RELATIONS POST MODI Farooq Sobhan President, Bangladesh Enterprise Institute Since Bangladesh s independence in 1971, Indo-Bangladesh relations have gone through periods of cooperation
More informationExecutive Summary. Facilitating Connectivity in the Bay of Bengal Region. April 11, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Executive Summary Facilitating Connectivity in the Bay of Bengal Region April 11, 2017 Dhaka, Bangladesh The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation(BIMSTEC)comprising
More informationIndia s Regional Security Strategy under the Modi Government
12 24 June 2014 India s Regional Security Strategy under the Modi Government Balaji Chandramohan FDI Visiting Fellow Key Points Prime Minister Narendra Modi s efforts to reach out to India s neighbours
More informationThe 2019 General Election in Odisha: BJD vs. BJP?
ISAS Brief No. 471 28 April 2017 Institute of South Asian Studies National University of Singapore 29 Heng Mui Keng Terrace #08-06 (Block B) Singapore 119620 Tel: (65) 6516 4239 Fax: (65) 6776 7505 www.isas.nus.edu.sg
More informationEconomic Diplomacy in South Asia
Address to the Indian Economy & Business Update, 18 August 2005 Economic Diplomacy in South Asia by Harun ur Rashid * My brief presentation has three parts, namely: (i) (ii) (iii) Economic diplomacy and
More informationChapter- 5 Political Parties. Prepared by - Sudiksha Pabbi
Chapter- 5 Political Parties Prepared by - Sudiksha Pabbi 1 1. Why do we need parties? Areas of Study 2. What are Political Parties? 3.How many parties are good for a democracy? 4.National and regional
More informationPOLITICAL SCIENCE (Code No. 028) Class - Xl1( )
StudyCBSENotes.com 1 One Paper POLITICAL SCIENCE (Code No. 028) Class - Xl1(20-17) : 0 Time: 3 hrs. 1 Cold War Era 2 The End of bipolarity 3 US Hegemony in World Politics 4 Alternative centres of Power
More informationThe Kashmir Dispute since Philip Constable University of Central Lancashire, UK
The Kashmir Dispute since 1947 Philip Constable University of Central Lancashire, UK Abstract: The Kashmir conflict was a legacy of the partition of India in 1947. Both India and Pakistan claimed sovereignty
More informationKarnataka Assembly Elections 2018: An Unlikely Alliance forms the Government
ISAS Brief No. 577 28 May 2018 Institute of South Asian Studies National University of Singapore 29 Heng Mui Keng Terrace #08-06 (Block B) Singapore 119620 Tel: (65) 6516 4239 Fax: (65) 6776 7505 www.isas.nus.edu.sg
More informationAA-AA. Millions of Indian workers hold two-day general strike against Modi government
افغانستان ا زاد ا زاد افغانستان بدين بوم و بر زنده يک تن مباد از ا ن به که کشور به دشمن دهيم European Languages 9 January 2019 AA-AA زبانهای اروپاي ی چو کشور نباشد تن من مباد همه سر به سر تن به کشتن دهيم
More informationTrans. Inst. Indian Geographers. Fig.2 : Consistency in the seats won by the BJP: (See page 66 for text)
Trans. Inst. Indian Geographers Fig.2 : Consistency in the seats won by the BJP: 1989-2004 (See page 66 for text) Transactions Vol. 36, No. 1, 2014 61 Trans. Inst. Indian Geographers Fig.3 : Consistency
More informationconfronting terrorism in the pursuit of power
strategic asia 2004 05 confronting terrorism in the pursuit of power Edited by Ashley J. Tellis and Michael Wills Regional Studies South Asia: A Selective War on Terrorism? Walter K. Andersen restrictions
More informationAustralia-India Strategic Relations: The Odd Couple of the Indian Ocean?
20 May 2014 Australia-India Strategic Relations: The Odd Couple of the Indian Ocean? Dr David Brewster FDI Associate Key Points The Australia-India relationship has come a long way over the last decade,
More informationICS-Sponsored Special Panel India s Policy towards China in the Changing Global Context as part of the AAS in Asia conference
ICS-Sponsored Special Panel India s Policy towards China in the Changing Global Context as part of the AAS in Asia conference Panelists: Amb. Shyam Saran, Amb. Shivshankar Menon, Amb. Ashok K. Kantha and
More informationSession # 20 (30 October 2018) MONTHLY UPDATE CPEC. Islamabad s Informal CHINA STUDY CIRCLE. Twentieth Session CPEC-BCIM Updates by Shahzad Qasim
Islamabad s Informal CHINA STUDY CIRCLE Twentieth Session -BCIM Updates by Shahzad Qasim projects worth $28billin completed The planning ministry said at least 22 projects have been completed since 2014
More informationIndia and the Indian Ocean
Claudia Astarita India, a country hanging in the balance between problematic domestic reforms and challenging global ambitions EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2015 was a very successful year for India. In terms of domestic
More informationBOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION (AP) SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT - II TENTH CLASS SOCIAL STUDIES MODEL PAPER
BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION (AP) SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT - II TENTH CLASS SOCIAL STUDIES MODEL PAPER PAPER - II (ENGLISH VERSION) Time: 2 hrs. 45 mins. PART - A& B Maximum Marks: 40 i) 15 minutes allocated
More informationRECENT CHANGING PATTERNS OF MIGRATION AND SPATIAL PATTERNS OF URBANIZATION IN WEST BENGAL: A DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
46 RECENT CHANGING PATTERNS OF MIGRATION AND SPATIAL PATTERNS OF URBANIZATION IN WEST BENGAL: A DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS Raju Sarkar, Research Scholar Population Research Centre, Institute for Social and Economic
More information22. POLITICAL SCIENCE (Code No. 028)
22. POLITICAL SCIENCE (Code No. 028) (2017-18) Rationale At the senior secondary level students who opt Political Science are given an opportunity to get introduced to the diverse concerns of a Political
More informationRefereed paper delivered at Australian Political Studies Association Conference 6-9 July 2008 Hilton Hotel, Brisbane, Australia
Refereed paper delivered at Australian Political Studies Association Conference 6-9 July 2008 Hilton Hotel, Brisbane, Australia Coalition Government in India. NDA Vs UPA Parvathy Appaiah Abstract The multi-party
More informationPOLITICAL PARTICIPATION AND REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN STATE ASSEMBLIES
POLITICAL PARTICIPATION AND REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN STATE ASSEMBLIES Manpreet Kaur Brar Research Scholar, Dept. of Political Science, Punjabi University, Patiala, India ABSTRACT Throughout the world,
More informationITL Public School First term Answer Key( )
ITL Public School First term Answer Key(0-7) Date of Exam:.09. Subject: Political Science Class: XII Two words have been written incorrectly in the given sentence. Correct and rewrite the sentence: In
More informationREGIONAL COOPERATION AND INTEGRATION ANALYSIS. A. Role of Regional Cooperation and Integration in Myanmar s Development
Interim Country Partnership Strategy: Myanmar, 2012 2014 REGIONAL COOPERATION AND INTEGRATION ANALYSIS A. Role of Regional Cooperation and Integration in Myanmar s Development 1. Myanmar is strategically
More informationThe Road Ahead for Aam Aadmi Party. Ronojoy Sen 1
ISAS Insights No. 241 20 January 2014 29 Heng Mui Keng Terrace #08-06, Block B, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119620 Tel: 6516 6179 / 6516 4239 Fax: 6776 7505 / 6314 5447 Email: isassec@nus.edu.sg
More information[Polity] Important Features of Indian Party System
[Polity] Important Features of Indian Party System www.imsharma.com /2015/06/important-features-of-indian-party-system.html Some of the most important features of Indian party system are as follows: 1.
More informationINDIA JHPIEGO, INDIA PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL, INDIA POPULATION FOUNDATION OF INDIA
INDIA JHPIEGO, INDIA PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL, INDIA POPULATION FOUNDATION OF INDIA Expanding Advocacy Efforts Geographical expansion Partnership expansion Expanded to two states: Assam and Maharashtra
More informationTOPICS (India's Foreign Policy)
(India's Foreign Policy) Evolution of India's Foreign Policy Panchsheel NAM (Non-Aligned Movement) Cold War Era in India Post 1990 Scenario The Gujral Doctrine Nuclear Doctrine Energy Diplomacy Global
More informationSRTC Report Title Speaker: Chair: Discussant Date Rapporteur
SRTC Report Title: India s Maritime Neighbourhood: Issues and Option - Sri Lankan Case Speaker: Dr. N. Manoharan, Research Fellow NMF Chair: Vice Admiral (Retd.) Anup Singh Discussant: Mr M.R. Narayanswamy
More informationLand Conflicts in India
Land Conflicts in India AN INTERIM ANALYSIS November 2016 Background Land and resource conflicts in India have deep implications for the wellbeing of the country s people, institutions, investments, and
More informationVISIONIAS
VISIONIAS www.visionias.in India's Revitalized Look at Pacific and East Asia Table of Content 1. Introduction... 2 2. Opportunities for India... 2 3. Strategic significance... 2 4. PM visit to Fiji and
More informationKarnataka Assembly Elections 2018: A Close Contest on the Cards
ISAS Brief No. 570 7 May 2018 Institute of South Asian Studies National University of Singapore 29 Heng Mui Keng Terrace #08-06 (Block B) Singapore 119620 Tel: (65) 6516 4239 Fax: (65) 6776 7505 www.isas.nus.edu.sg
More informationNCERT Class 9th Social Science Economics Chapter 3: Poverty as a Challenge
NCERT Class 9th Social Science Economics Chapter 3: Poverty as a Challenge Question 1. Describe how poverty line is estimated in India. A common method used to measure poverty is based on income or consumption
More informationIndian Express, Delhi Sun, 06 Nov 2016, Page 1 Width: cms, Height: cms, a3r, Ref:
Indian Express, Delhi Sun, 06 Nov 2016, Page 1 Width: 79.42 cms, Height: 29.48 cms, a3r, Ref: 40.2016-11-06.6 Assam Tribune, Guwahati Fri, 04 Nov 2016, Page 10 Width: 27.94 cms, Height: 14.11 cms, a3r,
More informationCONTENTS GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF THE STATE 2.2 KASHMIR PRIOR TO THE REIGN OF GULAB SINGH 2.3 THE ADVENT OF MAHARAJA GULAB SINGH
CONTENTS SUPERVISOR'S CERTIFICATE PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT CONTENTS TABLE OF CASES ABBREVIATIONS Page CHAPTER 1 -INTRODUCTION 1-5 1.1. NEED FOR RESEARCH ON ARTICLE 370 OF THE CONSTITUTION CHAPTER 2- A SHORT
More informationInternational Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research ISSN (Online):
Research Paper Volume 2 Issue 5 January 2015 International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research ISSN (Online): 2347-1697 Regionalization Of Indian Politics: A Study In Paper ID IJIFR/ V2/ E5/ 007
More informationTrade Facilitation and Better Connectivity for an Inclusive Asia and Pacific
Trade Facilitation and Better Connectivity for an Inclusive Asia and Pacific Highlights Trade Facilitation and Better Connectivity for an Inclusive Asia and Pacific Highlights Creative Commons Attribution
More informationINDIAN SCHOOL MUSCAT SENIOR SECTION DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS: IX TOPIC/CHAPTER: 03-Poverty As A Challenge WORKSHEET No.
INDIAN SCHOOL MUSCAT SENIOR SECTION DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS: IX TOPIC/CHAPTER: 0-Poverty As A Challenge WORKSHEET No. : 4 (206-7) SUMMARY WRITE THESE QUESTIONS IN YOUR CLASS WORK NOTE BOOK 5,
More informationOn Adverse Sex Ratios in Some Indian States: A Note
CENTRE FOR ECONOMIC REFORM AND TRANSFORMATION School of Management and Languages, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS Tel: 0131 451 4207 Fax: 0131 451 3498 email: ecocert@hw.ac.uk World-Wide Web:
More informationIn Pakistan, it s middle class rising
In Pakistan, it s middle class rising General perception still, and unfortunately, held by many people, foreigners and Pakistanis, is that Pakistan is largely an agricultural, rural economy, where feudals
More informationDOHA DECLARATION On the Occasion of the 5 th ACD Ministerial Meeting Doha, Qatar, 24 May 2006
DOHA DECLARATION On the Occasion of the 5 th ACD Ministerial Meeting Doha, Qatar, 24 May 2006 WE, the Ministers of Foreign Affairs and other Heads of Delegation from 28 member countries of the ASIA Cooperation
More informationThe Gender Youth Migration Initiative A UNESCO Online Initiative on Migration
The Gender Youth Migration Initiative A UNESCO Online Initiative on Migration With the support of The Gender Youth Migration Initiative What is the Gender Youth Migration Initiative (GYM)? The Gender Youth
More informationBJP s Demographic Dividend in the 2014 General Elections: An Empirical Analysis ±
BJP s Demographic Dividend in the 2014 General Elections: An Empirical Analysis ± Deepankar Basu and Kartik Misra! [Published in Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 50, No. 3] 1. Introduction In the 2014
More informationA New US Persian Gulf Strategy?
11 February 2010 A New US Persian Gulf Strategy? John Hartley FDI Institute Director Summary The United States recently announced moves to improve its defensive capabilities in the Persian Gulf. This involves
More informationCRS Report for Congress
Order Code RL32465 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web India s 2004 National Elections July 12, 2004 K. Alan Kronstadt Analyst in Asian Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
More informationIndia s Strategic Vision and Sri Lanka s National Security: Looking Out Ten Years
December 2014 1 October 2015 India s Strategic Vision and Sri Lanka s National Security: Looking Out Ten Years Dr Sithara Fernando FDI Associate Key Points India will face three major challenges and opportunities
More informationMEMBERS' REFERENCE SERVICE LARRDIS LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT, NEW DELHI REFERENCE NOTE. No.30/RN/Ref./July/2017
MEMBERS' REFERENCE SERVICE LARRDIS LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT, NEW DELHI REFERENCE NOTE No.30/RN/Ref./July/2017 For the use of Members of Parliament NOT FOR PUBLICATION 1 "SAARC": ITS IMPACT AND FUTURE Prepared
More informationTimor-Leste: Operation Tower Monitors Stability
16 June 2011 Timor-Leste: Operation Tower Monitors Stability Sergei DeSilva-Ranasinghe FDI Senior Analyst Key Points Australian military observers in Timor-Leste report that: Progress has been made in
More informationSASEC Trade Facilitation Strategic Framework
SASEC Trade Facilitation Strategic Framework Aileen Pangilinan Programs Officer Regional Cooperation and Operations Coordination Division South Asia Department Asian Development Bank Disclaimer: In preparing
More informationCHARTER. of the. South Asian Association. for. Regional Cooperation
CHARTER of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation 1 Charter of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation We, the Heads of State or Government of BANGLADESH, BHUTAN, INDIA, MALDIVES,
More informationHANDOUT 5 - SOCIAL ISSUES REGIONAL AUTONOMY MOVEMENTS
HANDOUT 5 - SOCIAL ISSUES REGIONAL AUTONOMY MOVEMENTS Regional Movements in India can be classified into the following two broad categories: I. Demand for secession from the union II. Demand for greater
More informationConference on Peace, Security and Economic Cooperation: India and South Asia in the 21st Century
Conference on Peace, Security and Economic Cooperation: India and South Asia in the 21st Century Conference on Peace, Security and Economic Cooperation: India and South Asia in the 21st Century 3 December,
More information