Africa - Afrobarometer Survey , Merged 34 Country

Transcription

1 Microdata Library Africa - Afrobarometer Survey , Merged 34 Country Ghana Centre for Democratic Development (CDD, Ghana), Institute for Justice and Reconciliation in South Africa (IJR, South Africa), Institute for Empirical Research in Political Economy (IREEP, Report generated on: November 1, 2017 Visit our data catalog at: 1

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3 Sampling Sampling Procedure Afrobarometer uses national probability samples designed to meet the following criteria. Samples are designed to generate a sample that is a representative cross-section of all citizens of voting age in a given country. The goal is to give every adult citizen an equal and known chance of being selected for an interview. They achieve this by: using random selection methods at every stage of sampling; sampling at all stages with probability proportionate to population size wherever possible to ensure that larger (i.e., more populated) geographic units have a proportionally greater probability of being chosen into the sample. The sampling universe normally includes all citizens age 18 and older. As a standard practice, we exclude people living in institutionalised settings, such as students in dormitories, patients in hospitals, and persons in prisons or nursing homes. Occasionally, we must also exclude people living in areas determined to be inaccessible due to conflict or insecurity. Any such exclusion is noted in the technical information report (TIR) that accompanies each data set. Sample size and design Samples usually include either 1,200 or 2,400 cases. A randomly selected sample of n=1200 cases allows inferences to national adult populations with a margin of sampling error of no more than +/-2.8% with a confidence level of 95 percent. With a sample size of n=2400, the margin of error decreases to +/-2.0% at 95 percent confidence level. The sample design is a clustered, stratified, multi-stage, area probability sample. Specifically, we first stratify the sample according to the main sub-national unit of government (state, province, region, etc.) and by urban or rural location. Area stratification reduces the likelihood that distinctive ethnic or language groups are left out of the sample. Afrobarometer occasionally purposely oversamples certain populations that are politically significant within a country to ensure that the size of the sub-sample is large enough to be analysed. Any oversamples is noted in the TIR. Sample stages Samples are drawn in either four or five stages: Stage 1: In rural areas only, the first stage is to draw secondary sampling units (SSUs). SSUs are not used in urban areas, and in some countries they are not used in rural areas. See the TIR that accompanies each data set for specific details on the sample in any given country. Stage 2: We randomly select primary sampling units (PSU). Stage 3: We then randomly select sampling start points. Stage 4: Interviewers then randomly select households. Stage 5: Within the household, the interviewer randomly selects an individual respondent. Each interviewers alternates in each household between interviewing a man and interviewing a woman to ensure gender balance in the sample. To keep the costs and logistics of fieldwork within manageable limits, eight interviews are clustered within each selected PSU. Data weights For some national surveys, data are weighted to correct for over or under-sampling or for household size. "Withinwt" should be turned on for all national -level descriptive statistics in countries that contain this weighting variable. It is included as the last variable in the data set, with details described in the codebook. For merged data sets, "Combinwt" should be turned on for cross-national comparisons of descriptive statistics. Note: this weighting variable standardizes each national sample as if it were equal in size. Further information on sampling protocols, including full details of the methodologies used for each stage of sample selection, can be found in Section 5 of the Afrobarometer Round 5 Survey Manual Weighting Note that for some surveys data is weighted to correct for either deliberate (e.g., to provide an adequate sample of specific sub-groups for analytical purposes) or inadvertent over- or under-sampling of particular sample strata. In these cases, a weighting variable is included as the last variable in the data set, with details described in the codebook. These weighting 3

4 factors should be used when calculating all national-level statistics. 4

5 Questionnaires Certain questions in the questionnaires for the Afrobarometer survey address country-specific issues, but many of the same questions were asked across surveys. Citizens of the 34 countries were asked questions about their economic and social situations, and their opinions were elicited on recent political and economic changes within their country. A full list of the questionnaires can be found on the Afrobarometer website. 5

6 Data Collection Data Collection Dates Start End Cycle Round 5 Data Collection Mode Face-to-face [f2f] DATA COLLECTION NOTES Interviewers, usually holding a first degree in social science, were trained in a five-day training workshop immediately prior to fieldwork. Interviews usually took about one hour and only proceeded after respondents have given informed consent. Strict confidentiality was required in handling survey returns. Interviews conducted in the following languages: Benin: French, Fon, Adja, Bariba, Dendi, Yoruba, Otamari, Peulh Botswana: English, Setswana Cape Verde: Creole, Portuguese Ghana: English, Akan, Ewe, Ga, Dagbani Kenya: English, Kiswahili, Kamba, Kikuyu, Kimeru, Kisii, Luhya, Luo, Somali, Turkana Lesotho: English, Sesotho Madagascar: Malagasy Ofisialy, Malagasy Fitenim-Paritra Malawi: English, Chichewa, Chiyao, Chitumbuka Mali: Frenchm Bambara, Sonrha, Tamasheq, Peuhl Mozambique: Portuguese, Emakhuwa, Xichangana, Cisena, Cinyanja, Echuwabu, Cinyungwe Namibia: English, Afrikaans, Oshiwambo Nigeria: English, Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo, Pidgin, Tiv, Ibibio, Ijaw Senegal: French, Wolof, Pulaar, Serer South Africa: Afrikaans, English, Xhosa, North Sotho, South Sotho, Setswana, Swazi, Shangaan, Zulu Tanzania: Kiswahili 6

7 Uganda: English, Luganda, Lusoga, Luo, Ruyankole, Rutoro, Rukiga, Ateso, Lugbara Zambia: English, Chibemba, Chinyanja, Chitonga, Silozi Zimbabwe: English, Chishona, Sindebele Data Collectors Africa - Afrobarometer Survey , Merged 34 Country Name Abbreviation Affiliation Afrobarometer team SUPERVISION Teams of four interviewers traveled together to the field under the leadership of a field supervisor. It was the supervisor's job to ensure quality control of survey returns on a daily basis.interviews usually took about one hour and only proceeded after respondents have given informed consent. Strict confidentiality was required in handling survey returns. 7

8 Data Processing No content available 8

9 Data Appraisal No content available 9

10 File Description 10

11 Variable List 11

12 Merged 34 Country Database Content Cases Variable(s) 348 Structure Type: Keys: () Version Producer Missing Data Variables ID Name Label Type Format Question V349 COUNTRY Country discrete numeric V350 COUNTRY_ALPHA Country in an alphabetical order discrete numeric V351 COUNTRY_BY_REGION_NO Country by region: numeric code discrete numeric V352 COUNTRY_BY_REGION Country by region discrete numeric V353 RESPNO Respondent number discrete character V354 URBRUR Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit discrete numeric V355 REGION Province or region discrete numeric V356 EA_SVC_A EA-SVC-A. Electricity grid in the PSU/EA discrete numeric V357 EA_SVC_B EA-SVC-B. Piped water system in the PSU/EA discrete numeric V358 EA_SVC_C EA-SVC-C. Sewage system in the PSU/EA discrete numeric V359 EA_SVC_D EA-SVC-D. Cell phone service in the PSU/EA discrete numeric V360 EA_FAC_A EA-FAC-A. Post office in the PSU/EA or in walking distance discrete numeric V361 EA_FAC_B EA-FAC-B. School in the PSU/EA or in walking distance discrete numeric V362 EA_FAC_C EA-FAC-C. Police station in the PSU/EA or in walking distance discrete numeric V363 EA_FAC_D EA-FAC-D. Health Clinic in the PSU/EA or in walking distance discrete numeric V364 EA_FAC_E EA-FAC-E. Market stalls in the PSU/EA or in walking distance discrete numeric V365 EA_SEC_A EA-SEC-A. Police in the PSU/EA discrete numeric V366 EA_SEC_B EA-SEC-B. Soldiers/army in the PSU/EA discrete numeric V367 EA_SEC_C EA-SEC-C. Roadblocks by police/army in the PSU/EA discrete numeric V368 EA_SEC_D EA-SEC-D. Roadblocks by private security in the PSU/EA discrete numeric V369 EA_SEC_E EA-SEC-E. Roadblocks by local community in the PSU/EA discrete numeric V370 EA_ROAD EA-ROAD. Tarred/ paved road discrete numeric V371 NOCALL_1 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 1 discrete numeric V372 NOCALL_1OTHER Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 1 (verbatim) discrete character V373 NOCALL_2 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 2 discrete numeric V374 NOCALL_2OTHER Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 2 (verbatim) discrete character V375 NOCALL_3 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 3 discrete numeric V376 NOCALL_3OTHER Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 3 (verbatim) discrete character 12

13 ID Name Label Type Format Question V377 NOCALL_4 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 4 discrete numeric V378 NOCALL_5 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 5 discrete numeric V379 NOCALL_6 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 6 discrete numeric V380 NOCALL_7 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 7 discrete numeric V381 PREVINT Previous interview, gender discrete numeric V382 THISINT This interview, gender discrete numeric V383 ADULT_CT ADULTCT: Number of adults in household discrete numeric V384 CALLS Number of calls discrete numeric V385 DATEINTR Date of interview discrete character V386 STRTIME Time interview started discrete character V387 Q1 Q1. Age discrete numeric V388 Q2 Q2. Language of respondent discrete numeric V389 Q2OTHER Q2other. Language of respondent (verbatim) discrete character V390 Q3A Q3a. Country's present economic condition discrete numeric V391 Q3B Q3b. Your present living conditions discrete numeric V392 Q4 Q4. Your living conditions vs. others discrete numeric V393 Q5A Q5a. Country's economic condition compared to 12 months ago discrete numeric V394 Q5B Q5b. Your living conditions compared to 12 months ago discrete numeric V395 Q6A Q6a. Country's economic condition in 12 months time discrete numeric V396 Q6B Q6b. Your living conditions in 12 months time discrete numeric V397 Q7 Q7. Overall direction of the country discrete numeric V398 Q8A Q8a. How often gone without food discrete numeric V399 Q8B Q8b. How often gone without water discrete numeric V400 Q8C Q8c. How often gone without medical care discrete numeric V401 Q8D Q8d. How often gone without cooking fuel discrete numeric V402 Q8E Q8e. How often gone without cash income discrete numeric V403 Q9A Q9a. How often felt unsafe walking in neighbourhood discrete numeric V404 Q9B Q9b. How often feared crime in home discrete numeric V405 Q10A Q10a. Had something stolen from house discrete numeric V406 Q10B Q10b. Have been physically attacked discrete numeric V407 Q10C Q10c. Reported the incident to the police discrete numeric V408 Q11 Q11. Main reason for not reporting crimes to the police discrete numeric V409 Q11OTHER Q11other. Reason for not reporting crimes to the police (verbatim) discrete character V410 Q12 Q12. If a victim of crime, whom to go to first for assistance discrete numeric V411 Q12OTHER Q12other. If a victim of crime, whom to go to first for assistance (verbatim) discrete character V412 Q13A Q13a. Radio news discrete numeric V413 Q13B Q13b. Television news discrete numeric V414 Q13C Q13c. Newspaper news discrete numeric V415 Q13D Q13d. Internet discrete numeric 13

14 ID Name Label Type Format Question V416 Q14 Q14. Interest in public affairs discrete numeric V417 Q15 Q15. Discuss politics discrete numeric V418 Q16 Q16. Politics and government too complicated discrete numeric V419 Q17A Q17a. Freedom to say what you think discrete numeric V420 Q17B Q17b. Freedom to join any political organizations discrete numeric V421 Q17C Q17c. Freedom to choose who to vote for discrete numeric V422 Q18 Q18. Leaders help own community vs. treat all equally discrete numeric V423 Q19 Q19. Government bans organizations vs. join any discrete numeric V424 Q20 Q20. Newspapers free to publish vs. government control discrete numeric V425 Q21 Q21. Government like a parent vs. an employee discrete numeric V426 Q22 Q22. Men only as leaders vs. women leaders ok discrete numeric V427 Q23 Q23. Women have equal rights vs. subject to traditional laws discrete numeric V428 Q24 Q24. Education recipient priority: boy vs ability discrete numeric V429 Q25A Q25a. Member of religious group discrete numeric V430 Q25B Q25b. Member of voluntary association or community group discrete numeric V431 Q26A Q26a. Attend a community meeting discrete numeric V432 Q26B Q26b. Join others to raise an issue discrete numeric V433 Q26C Q26c. Refused to pay tax or fee to government discrete numeric V434 Q26D Q26d. Attend a demonstration or protest march discrete numeric V435 Q26E Q26e. Used force or violence for a political cause discrete numeric V436 Q27 Q27. Voting in the most recent national election discrete numeric V437 Q28 Q28. Freeness and fairness of the last national election discrete numeric V438 Q29A Q29a. Last national election: attend a campaign meeting or rally V439 Q29B Q29b. Last national election: persuade others to vote for a certain candidate or party discrete discrete numeric numeric V440 Q29C Q29c. Last national election: work for a candidate or party discrete numeric V441 Q30A Q30a. Contact local government councillor discrete numeric V442 Q30B Q30b. Contact MP discrete numeric V443 Q30C Q30c. Contact official of a government agency discrete numeric V444 Q30D Q30d. Contact political party official discrete numeric V445 Q31A Q31a. Reject one-party rule discrete numeric V446 Q31B Q31b. Reject military rule discrete numeric V447 Q31C Q31c. Reject one-man rule discrete numeric V448 Q31D_ARB Q31d.arb. Reject Islamic law system without elections or political parties discrete numeric V449 Q32 Q32. Support for democracy discrete numeric V450 Q33 Q33. Government gets things done but no citizen influence vs. government accountable to citizens discrete numeric V451 Q34 Q34. Choose leaders through elections vs. other methods discrete numeric V452 Q35 Q35. Political parties divisive vs. many parties needed discrete numeric V453 Q36 Q36. President monitored by parliament vs. free to act on own discrete numeric 14

15 ID Name Label Type Format Question V454 Q37 Q37. Opposition parties examine government vs. cooperate discrete numeric V455 Q38 Q38. Media checks government vs. avoid negative reporting discrete numeric V456 Q39 Q39. Parliament makes laws vs. president does discrete numeric V457 Q40 Q40. President free to act vs. obey the laws and courts discrete numeric V458 Q41 Q41. Presidential two term limit vs. no term limits discrete numeric V459 Q41A_ARB Q41a.arb. Democracy is a system that contradicts the teachings of Islam V460 Q41B_ARB Q41b.arb. In a Muslim country, non-muslims should enjoy less political rights than Muslims V461 Q41C_ARB Q41c.arb. Religious leaders like imams, preachers and priests should not interfere in voters decisions in elections. V462 Q41D_ARB Q41d.arb. Tunisia is better off if religious people hold public positions in the state. discrete discrete discrete discrete numeric numeric numeric numeric V463 Q42 Q42. Extent of democracy discrete numeric V464 Q43 Q43. Satisfaction with democracy discrete numeric V465 Q43A_ARB Q43a. arb. Under a democratic system, the country s economic performance is weak discrete numeric V466 Q43B_ARB Q43b. arb. Democratic regimes are indecisive discrete numeric V467 Q43C_ARB Q43c.arb. Democratic systems are not effective at maintaining order and stability V468 Q43D_ARB Q43d. arb. The country's citizens are not prepared for a democratic system. V469 Q43E_ARB Q43e. arb. Democracy negatively affects social and ethical values V470 Q44 Q44. Essential characteristics of democracy: equality, fair election, etc. V471 Q45 Q45. Essential characteristics of democracy: law and order, job, etc discrete discrete discrete discrete discrete numeric numeric numeric numeric numeric V472 Q46A Q46a. Level of democracy: today discrete numeric V473 Q46B Q46b. Level of democracy: ten years ago discrete numeric V474 Q46C Q46c. Level of democracy: under previous non-democratic regime discrete numeric V475 Q46D Q46d. Level of democracy: in the future discrete numeric V476 Q47A Q47a. Level of democracy: China discrete numeric V477 Q47B Q47b. Level of democracy: USA discrete numeric V478 Q47C Q47c. Level of democracy: South Africa discrete numeric V479 Q47D Q47d. Level of democracy: Zimbabwe discrete numeric V480 Q47E Q47e. Level of democracy: former Colonial Power discrete numeric V481 Q47F_ARB Q47f.arb. Level of democracy: Iran discrete numeric V482 Q47G_ARB Q47g.arb. Level of democracy: Turkey discrete numeric V483 Q47H_ARB Q47h.arb. Level of democracy: Saudi Arabia discrete numeric V484 Q47I_ARB Q47i.arb. Level of democracy: Israel discrete numeric V485 Q48A Q48a. Courts make binding decisions discrete numeric V486 Q48B Q48b. People must obey the law discrete numeric V487 Q48C Q48c. People must pay taxes discrete numeric 15

16 ID Name Label Type Format Question V488 Q49 Q49. Obey government always vs. only if vote for it discrete numeric V489 Q50 Q50. Citizens must pay taxes vs. no need to tax the people discrete numeric V490 Q51 Q51. Higher taxes with more govt services vs. lower taxes with fewer govt services discrete numeric V491 Q52A Q52a. How often news media abuse its freedom discrete numeric V492 Q52B Q52b. How often party competition leads to conflict discrete numeric V493 Q52C Q52c. How often president ignores laws discrete numeric V494 Q52D Q52d. How often opposition parties silenced by government discrete numeric V495 Q52E Q52e. How often president ignore parliament discrete numeric V496 Q53 Q53. How effective the news media reveals government mistakes and corruption discrete numeric V497 Q54 Q54. How much fear political intimidation or violence discrete numeric V498 Q55 Q55. How likely powerful find out your vote discrete numeric V499 Q56A Q56a. How often careful what you say about politics discrete numeric V500 Q56B Q56b. How often people treated unequally under the law discrete numeric V501 Q56C Q56c. How often women treated unequally by traditional leaders discrete numeric V502 Q56D Q56d. How often women treated unequally by police and courts discrete numeric V503 Q56E Q56e. How often women treated unequally by employers discrete numeric V504 Q56F Q56f. How often officials unpunished discrete numeric V505 Q56G Q56g. How often ordinary people unpunished discrete numeric V506 Q56H Q56h. How often obtain household services without paying discrete numeric V507 Q56I Q56i. How often avoid paying taxes discrete numeric V508 Q57 Q57. Essential characteristics of democracy: legislature, government, people etc. V509 Q58 Q58. Essential characteristics of democracy: participation, no corruption, courts etc. discrete discrete numeric numeric V510 Q59A Q59a. Trust key leadership figure (President/Prime Minister) discrete numeric V511 Q59B Q59b. Trust parliament/national assembly discrete numeric V512 Q59C Q59c. Trust national electoral commission discrete numeric V513 Q59D Q59d. Trust tax department discrete numeric V514 Q59E Q59e. Trust your elected local government council discrete numeric V515 Q59F Q59f. Trust the ruling party discrete numeric V516 Q59G Q59g. Trust opposition political parties discrete numeric V517 Q59H Q59h. Trust police discrete numeric V518 Q59I Q59i. Trust army discrete numeric V519 Q59J Q59j. Trust courts of law discrete numeric V520 Q60A Q60a. Corruption: office of the President/Prime Minister discrete numeric V521 Q60B Q60b. Corruption: Members of Parliament discrete numeric V522 Q60C Q60c. Corruption: government officials discrete numeric V523 Q60D Q60d. Corruption: local government councillors discrete numeric V524 Q60E Q60e. Corruption: police discrete numeric 16

17 ID Name Label Type Format Question V525 Q60F Q60f. Corruption: tax officials discrete numeric V526 Q60G Q60g. Corruption: judges and magistrates discrete numeric V527 Q61A Q61a. Pay bribe for: document or permit discrete numeric V528 Q61B Q61b. Pay bribe for: water or sanitation services discrete numeric V529 Q61C Q61c. Pay bribe for: treatment at local health clinic or hospital discrete numeric V530 Q61D Q61d. Pay bribe for: avoid problem with police discrete numeric V531 Q61E Q61e. Pay bribe for: school placement discrete numeric V532 Q61F Q61f. Election incentives offered discrete numeric V533 Q62A Q62a. MPs listen discrete numeric V534 Q62B Q62b. Local government councillors listen discrete numeric V535 Q63PT1 Q63pt1. Most important problems - 1st response discrete numeric V536 Q63PT1OTHER Q63pt1other. MIP - 1st response (verbatim) discrete character V537 Q63PT2 Q63pt2. Most important problems - 2nd response discrete numeric V538 Q63PT2OTHER Q63pt2other. MIP - 2nd response (verbatim) discrete character V539 Q63PT3 Q63pt3. Most important problems - 3rd response discrete numeric V540 Q63PT3OTHER Q63pt3other. MIP - 3rd response (verbatim) discrete character V541 Q64 Q64. How likely government will solve this problem within the next five years discrete numeric V542 Q65A Q65a. Handling managing the economy discrete numeric V543 Q65B Q65b. Handling improving living standards of the poor discrete numeric V544 Q65C Q65c. Handling creating jobs discrete numeric V545 Q65D Q65d. Handling keeping prices down discrete numeric V546 Q65E Q65e. Handling narrowing income gaps discrete numeric V547 Q65F Q65f. Handling reducing crime discrete numeric V548 Q65G Q65g. Handling improving basic health services discrete numeric V549 Q65H Q65h. Handling addressing educational needs discrete numeric V550 Q65I Q65i. Handling providing water and sanitation services discrete numeric V551 Q65J Q65j. Handling ensuring enough to eat discrete numeric V552 Q65K Q65k. Handling fighting corruption discrete numeric V553 Q65L Q65l. Handling resolving violent conflict between communities discrete numeric V554 Q65M Q65m. Handling combatting HIV/AIDS discrete numeric V555 Q65N Q65n. Handling maintaining roads and bridges discrete numeric V556 Q65O Q65o. Handling providing reliable electric supply discrete numeric V557 Q65P Q65p. Handling empowering women discrete numeric V558 Q66A Q66a. Local govt. handling maintaining roads discrete numeric V559 Q66B Q66b. Local govt. handling maintaining local markets discrete numeric V560 Q66C Q66c. Local govt. handling health standards in restaurants discrete numeric V561 Q66D Q66d. Local govt. handling keeping community clean discrete numeric V562 Q66E Q66e. Local govt. handling the use of land discrete numeric V563 Q67A Q67a. Difficulty to obtain identity document discrete numeric 17

18 ID Name Label Type Format Question V564 Q67B Q67b. Difficulty to obtain household services discrete numeric V565 Q67C Q67c. Difficulty to obtain help from the police discrete numeric V566 Q67D Q67d. Difficulty to obtain primary school placement discrete numeric V567 Q67E Q67e. Difficulty to obtain medical treatment discrete numeric V568 Q68A Q68a. Problems with schools: too expensive discrete numeric V569 Q68B Q68b. Problems with schools: textbooks and supplies discrete numeric V570 Q68C Q68c. Problems with schools: poor teaching discrete numeric V571 Q68D Q68d. Problems with schools: absent teachers discrete numeric V572 Q68E Q68e. Problems with schools: overcrowded classrooms discrete numeric V573 Q68F Q68f. Problems with schools: poor facilities discrete numeric V574 Q69A Q69a. Problems with public clinic: too expensive discrete numeric V575 Q69B Q69b. Problems with public clinic: lack of medicine/supplies discrete numeric V576 Q69C Q69c. Problems with public clinic: lack of attention/ respect discrete numeric V577 Q69D Q69d. Problems with public clinic: absent doctors discrete numeric V578 Q69E Q69e. Problems with public clinic: long waiting time discrete numeric V579 Q69F Q69f. Problems with public clinic: dirty facilities discrete numeric V580 Q70A Q70a. Received free visits or medicines discrete numeric V581 Q70B Q70b. Received food for children discrete numeric V582 Q70C Q70c. Received pension or grant discrete numeric V583 Q71A Q71a. Performance: President/Prime Minister discrete numeric V584 Q71B Q71b. Performance: MP/National Assembly rep. discrete numeric V585 Q71C Q71c. Performance: local government councillor discrete numeric V586 Q72A Q72a. Who responsible: MPs do jobs discrete numeric V587 Q72B Q72b. Who responsible: local councillors do jobs discrete numeric V588 Q72C Q72c. Who responsible: President/Prime Minister does job discrete numeric V589 Q73A Q73a. Payments required: general sales tax discrete numeric V590 Q73A_ARB Q73a.arb. Women and men should have equal work opportunities discrete numeric V591 Q73B Q73b. Payments made: license fees to local government discrete numeric V592 Q73B_ARB Q73b.arb. A woman can become the prime minister or president of a Muslim state discrete numeric V593 Q73C Q73c. Payments made: property rates or taxes discrete numeric V594 Q73C_ARB Q73c.arb. Women s share of inheritance should be equal to that of men discrete numeric V595 Q73D Q73d. Payments made: income taxes discrete numeric V596 Q73D_ARB Q73d. arb. Women and men should have equal rights in making a decision to divorce discrete numeric V597 Q73E Q73e. Payments required: self-employer taxes discrete numeric V598 Q74 Q74. Payments required to powerful people discrete numeric V599 Q75A Q75a. Difficulty to find out what taxes or fees to pay discrete numeric V600 Q75B Q75b. Difficulty to find out how government uses the revenues discrete numeric V601 Q75C Q75c. Difficulty to avoid paying taxes discrete numeric 18

19 ID Name Label Type Format Question V602 Q76A Q76a. Right or wrong: not paying for the government services discrete numeric V603 Q76B Q76b. Right or wrong: not paying the taxes discrete numeric V604 Q77 Q77. Why avoid paying taxes discrete numeric V605 Q77OTHER Q77other. Why avoid paying taxes (verbatim) discrete character V606 Q78 Q78. Violence never justified vs. sometimes necessary discrete numeric V607 Q78A1 Q78A1. Help from African Union discrete numeric V608 Q84 Q84. Tribe or ethnic group discrete numeric V609 Q84OTHER Q84other. Tribe or ethnic group (verbatim) discrete character V610 Q85A Q85a. Ethnic group treated unfairly discrete numeric V611 Q85B Q85b. Ethnic or national identity discrete numeric V612 Q85C Q85c. Proud of nationality discrete numeric V613 Q86A Q86a. Right to be citizen: born in country with one non-citizen parent V614 Q86B Q86b. Right to be citizen: born in country with two non-citizen parents discrete discrete numeric numeric V615 Q86C Q86c. Right to be citizen: wife of citizen husband discrete numeric V616 Q86D Q86d. Right to be citizen: husband of citizen wife discrete numeric V617 Q86E Q86e. Right to be citizen: lived and worked in country discrete numeric V618 Q86F Q86f. Right to be citizen: hold dual citizenship discrete numeric V619 Q87 Q87. Most people can be trusted discrete numeric V620 Q88A Q88a. Trust relatives discrete numeric V621 Q88B Q88b. Trust neighbours discrete numeric V622 Q88C Q88c. Trust other people you know discrete numeric V623 Q89A Q89a. Close to political party discrete numeric V624 Q89B Q89b. Which party discrete numeric V625 Q89BOTHER Q89bother. Which party (verbatim) discrete character V626 Q90A Q90a. Own radio discrete numeric V627 Q90B Q90b. Own television discrete numeric V628 Q90C Q90c. Own motor vehicle, car or motorcycle discrete numeric V629 Q91A Q91a. How often use a computer discrete numeric V630 Q91B Q91b. How often use the internet discrete numeric V631 Q92 Q92. Usage and ownership of mobile phone discrete numeric V632 Q93A Q93a. How often use a cell phone discrete numeric V633 Q93B Q93b. How often send or receive a text message discrete numeric V634 Q93C Q93c. How often send or receive money discrete numeric V635 Q94 Q94. How many mobile phones in household discrete numeric V636 Q94A_ARB Q94a.arb: Use phone to: identify political activities discrete numeric V637 Q94B_ARB Q94b.arb: Use phone to: express your political opinions discrete numeric V638 Q94C_ARB Q94c.arb: Use phone to: learn about opposing political opinions discrete numeric V639 Q95A Q95a. Source of water for household use discrete numeric V640 Q95B Q95b. Location of toilet or latrine discrete numeric 19

20 ID Name Label Type Format Question V641 Q96 Q96. Employment status discrete numeric V642 Q96_ARB Q96.arb. What is your main occupation? discrete numeric V643 Q96_ARB_OTHER Q96.arb.other. Main occupation (verbatim) discrete character V644 Q97 Q97. Education of respondent discrete numeric V645 Q98A Q98a. Religion of respondent discrete numeric V646 Q98AOTHER Q98aother. Religion of respondent (verbatim) discrete character V647 Q98B Q98b. Importance of religion discrete numeric V648 Q98C_ARB Q98c.arb. How often religious group treated unfairly discrete numeric V649 Q98D_ARB Q98d.arb. Choose religious or national identify discrete numeric V650 Q99 Q99. Vote for which party discrete numeric V651 Q99OTHER Q99other. Vote for which party (verbatim) discrete character V652 Q100 Q100. Perceived survey sponsor discrete numeric V653 ENDTIME Time interview ended discrete character V654 LENGTH Length of interview discrete numeric V655 Q101 Q101. Gender of respondent discrete numeric V656 Q102 Q102. Race of respondent discrete numeric V657 Q102OTHER Q102other. Race of Respondent (verbatim) discrete character V658 Q103 Q103. Language of interview discrete numeric V659 Q103OTHER Q103other. Language of interview (verbatim) discrete character V660 Q104 Q104. Type of shelter of respondent discrete numeric V661 Q105 Q105. Roof of respondent's home discrete numeric V662 Q106 Q106. Others present discrete numeric V663 Q107A Q107a. Check with others discrete numeric V664 Q107B Q107b. Influence by others discrete numeric V665 Q107C Q107c. Approached by community/party representatives discrete numeric V666 Q107D Q107d. Feel threatened discrete numeric V667 Q107E Q107e. Physically threatened discrete numeric V668 Q108 Q108. Proportion difficulty answering discrete numeric V669 Q110A Q110a. Respondent friendly discrete numeric V670 Q110B Q110b. Respondent interested discrete numeric V671 Q110C Q110c. Respondent cooperative discrete numeric V672 Q110D Q110d. Respondent patient discrete numeric V673 Q110E Q110e. Respondent at ease discrete numeric V674 Q110F Q110f. Respondent honest discrete numeric V675 Q112 Q112. Interviewer's number discrete character V676 Q113 Q113. Interviewer's age discrete numeric V677 Q114 Q114. Interviewer's gender discrete numeric V678 Q115 Q115. Interviewer rural or urban discrete numeric V679 Q116 Q116. Interviewer's home language discrete numeric V680 Q116OTHER Q116other. Interviewer's home language (verbatim) discrete character 20

21 ID Name Label Type Format Question V681 Q117 Q117. Interviewer's education discrete numeric V682 withinwt Within country weighting factor contin numeric V683 combinwt Multi-country weighting factor contin numeric V684 West_Africa_only COUNTRY.BY.REGION = 1 (FILTER) discrete numeric V685 East_Africa_only COUNTRY.BY.REGION = 2 (FILTER) discrete numeric V686 Southern_Africa_only COUNTRY.BY.REGION = 3 (FILTER) discrete numeric V687 North_Africa_only COUNTRY.BY.REGION = 4 (FILTER) discrete numeric V688 R1_only R1.only discrete numeric V689 R2_only R2.only discrete numeric V690 R3_only R3.only discrete numeric V691 R4_only R4.only discrete numeric V692 AGE_COND Q1. Age discrete numeric V693 EDUC_COND Q97. Education discrete numeric V694 LivedPoverty Lived Poverty Index (average index of 5 poverty items) contin numeric V695 DemandDemo Demand for Democracy (additive index of 4 democratic commitments: support (1,2=0)(3=1)(else=sysmis) + reject (5,4,3,9=0)(2,1=1)(else=sysmis) V696 SupplyDemo Supply of Democracy (additive index of 2 items: satisfaction (0,1,2,9=0)(3,4=1)(else=sysmis) + extent (1,2,8,9=0)(3,4=1)(else=sysmis) discrete discrete numeric numeric 21

22 22

23 Country (COUNTRY) Range: 1-35 Minimum: 1 Maximum: 35 Africa - Afrobarometer Survey , Merged 34 Country Country in an alphabetical order (COUNTRY_ALPHA) Range: 1-35 Minimum: 1 Maximum: 35 Country by region: numeric code (COUNTRY_BY_REGION_NO) Range: Minimum: 11 Maximum: 65 Country by region (COUNTRY_BY_REGION) Width: 1 Range: 1-4 Minimum: 1 Maximum: 4 Respondent number (RESPNO) Format: character Width: 7 Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit (URBRUR) 23

24 Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit (URBRUR) Width: 1 Range: 1-3 Minimum: 1 Maximum: 3 Africa - Afrobarometer Survey , Merged 34 Country Province or region (REGION) Width: 4 Range: Minimum: 100 Maximum: 1623 EA-SVC-A. Electricity grid in the PSU/EA (EA_SVC_A) Range: -1-9 Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 EA-SVC-B. Piped water system in the PSU/EA (EA_SVC_B) Range: -1-9 Minimum: 0 EA-SVC-C. Sewage system in the PSU/EA (EA_SVC_C) Range: -1-9 Minimum: 0 24

25 EA-SVC-D. Cell phone service in the PSU/EA (EA_SVC_D) Range: -1-9 Minimum: 0 EA-FAC-A. Post office in the PSU/EA or in walking distance (EA_FAC_A) Range: -1-9 Minimum: 0 EA-FAC-B. School in the PSU/EA or in walking distance (EA_FAC_B) Range: -1-9 Minimum: 0 EA-FAC-C. Police station in the PSU/EA or in walking distance (EA_FAC_C) Range: -1-9 Minimum: 0 EA-FAC-D. Health Clinic in the PSU/EA or in walking distance (EA_FAC_D) 25

26 EA-FAC-D. Health Clinic in the PSU/EA or in walking distance (EA_FAC_D) Range: -1-9 Minimum: 0 EA-FAC-E. Market stalls in the PSU/EA or in walking distance (EA_FAC_E) Range: -1-9 Minimum: 0 EA-SEC-A. Police in the PSU/EA (EA_SEC_A) Range: -1-9 Minimum: 0 EA-SEC-B. Soldiers/army in the PSU/EA (EA_SEC_B) Range: -1-9 Minimum: 0 EA-SEC-C. Roadblocks by police/army in the PSU/EA (EA_SEC_C) Range: -1-9 Minimum: 0 26

27 EA-SEC-D. Roadblocks by private security in the PSU/EA (EA_SEC_D) Range: -1-9 Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 EA-SEC-E. Roadblocks by local community in the PSU/EA (EA_SEC_E) Range: -1-9 Minimum: 0 EA-ROAD. Tarred/ paved road (EA_ROAD) Range: -1-1 Minimum: 0 Maximum: 1 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 1 (NOCALL_1) Range: Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 1 (verbatim) (NOCALL_1OTHER) Format: character 8 Valid cases: 25 27

28 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 2 (NOCALL_2) Range: Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 2 (verbatim) (NOCALL_2OTHER) Format: character Width: 18 Valid cases: 3 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 3 (NOCALL_3) Range: Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 3 (verbatim) (NOCALL_3OTHER) Format: character Width: 5 Valid cases: 1 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 4 (NOCALL_4) Range:

29 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 5 (NOCALL_5) Range: Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 6 (NOCALL_6) Range: Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 7 (NOCALL_7) Range: Previous interview, gender (PREVINT) Width: 1 Range: 0-2 Minimum: 0 Maximum: 2 This interview, gender (THISINT) Width: 1 Range: 1-2 Minimum: 1 Maximum: 2 29

30 ADULTCT: Number of adults in household (ADULT_CT) Range: Maximum: 54 Number of calls (CALLS) Range: -1-7 Maximum: 7 Date of interview (DATEINTR) Format: character Width: 10 Minimum: NaN Maximum: NaN Time interview started (STRTIME) Format: character Width: 10 Valid cases: 0 Q1. Age (Q1) Range: Q2. Language of respondent (Q2) 30

31 Q2. Language of respondent (Q2) Width: 4 Range: Africa - Afrobarometer Survey , Merged 34 Country Q2other. Language of respondent (verbatim) (Q2OTHER) Format: character 0 Valid cases: 3445 Q3a. Country's present economic condition (Q3A) Q3b. Your present living conditions (Q3B) Q4. Your living conditions vs. others (Q4) Q5a. Country's economic condition compared to 12 months ago (Q5A) 31

32 Q5a. Country's economic condition compared to 12 months ago (Q5A) Q5b. Your living conditions compared to 12 months ago (Q5B) Q6a. Country's economic condition in 12 months time (Q6A) Q6b. Your living conditions in 12 months time (Q6B) Q7. Overall direction of the country (Q7) 32

33 Q8a. How often gone without food (Q8A) Africa - Afrobarometer Survey , Merged 34 Country Q8b. How often gone without water (Q8B) Q8c. How often gone without medical care (Q8C) Q8d. How often gone without cooking fuel (Q8D) Q8e. How often gone without cash income (Q8E) 33

34 Q9a. How often felt unsafe walking in neighbourhood (Q9A) Q9b. How often feared crime in home (Q9B) Q10a. Had something stolen from house (Q10A) Q10b. Have been physically attacked (Q10B) Q10c. Reported the incident to the police (Q10C) 34

35 Q11. Main reason for not reporting crimes to the police (Q11) Width: 4 Range: Q11other. Reason for not reporting crimes to the police (verbatim) (Q11OTHER) Format: character Width: 121 Valid cases: 3711 Q12. If a victim of crime, whom to go to first for assistance (Q12) Width: 4 Range: Q12other. If a victim of crime, whom to go to first for assistance (verbatim) (Q12OTHER) Format: character Width: 55 Valid cases: 3784 Q13a. Radio news (Q13A) 98 35

36 Q13b. Television news (Q13B) 98 Africa - Afrobarometer Survey , Merged 34 Country Q13c. Newspaper news (Q13C) 98 Q13d. Internet (Q13D) 98 Q14. Interest in public affairs (Q14) 98 Q15. Discuss politics (Q15) 36

37 Q16. Politics and government too complicated (Q16) Africa - Afrobarometer Survey , Merged 34 Country Q17a. Freedom to say what you think (Q17A) Q17b. Freedom to join any political organizations (Q17B) Q17c. Freedom to choose who to vote for (Q17C) Q18. Leaders help own community vs. treat all equally (Q18) 37

38 Q19. Government bans organizations vs. join any (Q19) Q20. Newspapers free to publish vs. government control (Q20) Q21. Government like a parent vs. an employee (Q21) Q22. Men only as leaders vs. women leaders ok (Q22) Q23. Women have equal rights vs. subject to traditional laws (Q23) 38

39 Q24. Education recipient priority: boy vs ability (Q24) Q25a. Member of religious group (Q25A) Q25b. Member of voluntary association or community group (Q25B) Q26a. Attend a community meeting (Q26A) Q26b. Join others to raise an issue (Q26B) 39

40 Q26c. Refused to pay tax or fee to government (Q26C) Q26d. Attend a demonstration or protest march (Q26D) 98 Q26e. Used force or violence for a political cause (Q26E) 98 Q27. Voting in the most recent national election (Q27) Q28. Freeness and fairness of the last national election (Q28) 40

41 Q29a. Last national election: attend a campaign meeting or rally (Q29A) Q29b. Last national election: persuade others to vote for a certain candidate or party (Q29B) Q29c. Last national election: work for a candidate or party (Q29C) Q30a. Contact local government councillor (Q30A) Q30b. Contact MP (Q30B) 41

42 Q30b. Contact MP (Q30B) Africa - Afrobarometer Survey , Merged 34 Country Q30c. Contact official of a government agency (Q30C) Q30d. Contact political party official (Q30D) Q31a. Reject one-party rule (Q31A) Q31b. Reject military rule (Q31B) 42

43 Q31c. Reject one-man rule (Q31C) Africa - Afrobarometer Survey , Merged 34 Country Q31d.arb. Reject Islamic law system without elections or political parties (Q31D_ARB) Q32. Support for democracy (Q32) Q33. Government gets things done but no citizen influence vs. government accountable to citizens (Q33) Q34. Choose leaders through elections vs. other methods (Q34) 43

44 Q34. Choose leaders through elections vs. other methods (Q34) Q35. Political parties divisive vs. many parties needed (Q35) Q36. President monitored by parliament vs. free to act on own (Q36) Q37. Opposition parties examine government vs. cooperate (Q37) Q38. Media checks government vs. avoid negative reporting (Q38) 44

45 Q39. Parliament makes laws vs. president does (Q39) Q40. President free to act vs. obey the laws and courts (Q40) Q41. Presidential two term limit vs. no term limits (Q41) Q41a.arb. Democracy is a system that contradicts the teachings of Islam (Q41A_ARB) Q41b.arb. In a Muslim country, non-muslims should enjoy less political rights than Muslims (Q41B_ARB) 45

46 Q41b.arb. In a Muslim country, non-muslims should enjoy less political rights than Muslims (Q41B_ARB) Minimum: 1 Q41c.arb. Religious leaders like imams, preachers and priests should not interfere in voters decisions in elections. (Q41C_ARB) Minimum: 1 Q41d.arb. Tunisia is better off if religious people hold public positions in the state. (Q41D_ARB) Q42. Extent of democracy (Q42) 98 Q43. Satisfaction with democracy (Q43) 46

47 Q43. Satisfaction with democracy (Q43) Africa - Afrobarometer Survey , Merged 34 Country Q43a. arb. Under a democratic system, the country s economic performance is weak (Q43A_ARB) Range: -1-9 Q43b. arb. Democratic regimes are indecisive (Q43B_ARB) Range: -1-9 Q43c.arb. Democratic systems are not effective at maintaining order and stability (Q43C_ARB) Range: -1-9 Q43d. arb. The country's citizens are not prepared for a democratic system. (Q43D_ARB) 47

48 Q43d. arb. The country's citizens are not prepared for a democratic system. (Q43D_ARB) Range: -1-9 Q43e. arb. Democracy negatively affects social and ethical values (Q43E_ARB) Range: -1-9 Q44. Essential characteristics of democracy: equality, fair election, etc. (Q44) Q45. Essential characteristics of democracy: law and order, job, etc (Q45) Q46a. Level of democracy: today (Q46A) 48

49 Q46a. Level of democracy: today (Q46A) Range: Africa - Afrobarometer Survey , Merged 34 Country Q46b. Level of democracy: ten years ago (Q46B) Range: Q46c. Level of democracy: under previous non-democratic regime (Q46C) 98 Q46d. Level of democracy: in the future (Q46D) Range: Q47a. Level of democracy: China (Q47A) Range:

50 Q47b. Level of democracy: USA (Q47B) Range: Africa - Afrobarometer Survey , Merged 34 Country Q47c. Level of democracy: South Africa (Q47C) Range: Valid cases: Invalid: Q47d. Level of democracy: Zimbabwe (Q47D) Range: Maximum: 101 Q47e. Level of democracy: former Colonial Power (Q47E) Range: Maximum: 101 Q47f.arb. Level of democracy: Iran (Q47F_ARB) Maximum:

51 Q47g.arb. Level of democracy: Turkey (Q47G_ARB) Maximum: 101 Africa - Afrobarometer Survey , Merged 34 Country Q47h.arb. Level of democracy: Saudi Arabia (Q47H_ARB) Maximum: 101 Q47i.arb. Level of democracy: Israel (Q47I_ARB) Maximum: 101 Q48a. Courts make binding decisions (Q48A) Q48b. People must obey the law (Q48B) 51

52 Q48c. People must pay taxes (Q48C) Africa - Afrobarometer Survey , Merged 34 Country Q49. Obey government always vs. only if vote for it (Q49) Q50. Citizens must pay taxes vs. no need to tax the people (Q50) Q51. Higher taxes with more govt services vs. lower taxes with fewer govt services (Q51) Q52a. How often news media abuse its freedom (Q52A) 52

53 Q52b. How often party competition leads to conflict (Q52B) Q52c. How often president ignores laws (Q52C) Q52d. How often opposition parties silenced by government (Q52D) Q52e. How often president ignore parliament (Q52E) Q53. How effective the news media reveals government mistakes and corruption (Q53) 53

54 Q53. How effective the news media reveals government mistakes and corruption (Q53) Q54. How much fear political intimidation or violence (Q54) Q55. How likely powerful find out your vote (Q55) Q56a. How often careful what you say about politics (Q56A) Q56b. How often people treated unequally under the law (Q56B) 54

55 Q56c. How often women treated unequally by traditional leaders (Q56C) Q56d. How often women treated unequally by police and courts (Q56D) Q56e. How often women treated unequally by employers (Q56E) Q56f. How often officials unpunished (Q56F) Q56g. How often ordinary people unpunished (Q56G) 55

56 Q56g. How often ordinary people unpunished (Q56G) Q56h. How often obtain household services without paying (Q56H) Q56i. How often avoid paying taxes (Q56I) Q57. Essential characteristics of democracy: legislature, government, people etc. (Q57) Q58. Essential characteristics of democracy: participation, no corruption, courts etc. (Q58) 56

57 Q59a. Trust key leadership figure (President/Prime Minister) (Q59A) Q59b. Trust parliament/national assembly (Q59B) Q59c. Trust national electoral commission (Q59C) Q59d. Trust tax department (Q59D) Q59e. Trust your elected local government council (Q59E) 57

58 Q59e. Trust your elected local government council (Q59E) Q59f. Trust the ruling party (Q59F) Q59g. Trust opposition political parties (Q59G) Q59h. Trust police (Q59H) Q59i. Trust army (Q59I) 58

59 Q59j. Trust courts of law (Q59J) Africa - Afrobarometer Survey , Merged 34 Country Q60a. Corruption: office of the President/Prime Minister (Q60A) Q60b. Corruption: Members of Parliament (Q60B) Q60c. Corruption: government officials (Q60C) Q60d. Corruption: local government councillors (Q60D) 59

60 Q60e. Corruption: police (Q60E) Africa - Afrobarometer Survey , Merged 34 Country Q60f. Corruption: tax officials (Q60F) Q60g. Corruption: judges and magistrates (Q60G) Q61a. Pay bribe for: document or permit (Q61A) 98 Q61b. Pay bribe for: water or sanitation services (Q61B) 98 60

61 Q61c. Pay bribe for: treatment at local health clinic or hospital (Q61C) 98 Q61d. Pay bribe for: avoid problem with police (Q61D) 98 Q61e. Pay bribe for: school placement (Q61E) 98 Q61f. Election incentives offered (Q61F) 98 Q62a. MPs listen (Q62A) 61

62 Q62b. Local government councillors listen (Q62B) Width: 4 Maximum: 1001 Africa - Afrobarometer Survey , Merged 34 Country Q63pt1. Most important problems - 1st response (Q63PT1) Width: 4 Range: Q63pt1other. MIP - 1st response (verbatim) (Q63PT1OTHER) Format: character Width: 67 Valid cases: 1474 Q63pt2. Most important problems - 2nd response (Q63PT2) Width: 4 Range: Minimum: Q63pt2other. MIP - 2nd response (verbatim) (Q63PT2OTHER) Format: character Width: 66 Valid cases: 1419 Q63pt3. Most important problems - 3rd response (Q63PT3) 62

63 Q63pt3. Most important problems - 3rd response (Q63PT3) Width: 4 Range: Minimum: Q63pt3other. MIP - 3rd response (verbatim) (Q63PT3OTHER) Format: character Width: 65 Valid cases: 1619 Q64. How likely government will solve this problem within the next five years (Q64) Q65a. Handling managing the economy (Q65A) Q65b. Handling improving living standards of the poor (Q65B) 63

64 Q65c. Handling creating jobs (Q65C) Africa - Afrobarometer Survey , Merged 34 Country Q65d. Handling keeping prices down (Q65D) Q65e. Handling narrowing income gaps (Q65E) Q65f. Handling reducing crime (Q65F) Q65g. Handling improving basic health services (Q65G) 64

65 Q65h. Handling addressing educational needs (Q65H) Q65i. Handling providing water and sanitation services (Q65I) Q65j. Handling ensuring enough to eat (Q65J) Q65k. Handling fighting corruption (Q65K) Q65l. Handling resolving violent conflict between communities (Q65L) 65

66 Q65m. Handling combatting HIV/AIDS (Q65M) Africa - Afrobarometer Survey , Merged 34 Country Q65n. Handling maintaining roads and bridges (Q65N) Q65o. Handling providing reliable electric supply (Q65O) Q65p. Handling empowering women (Q65P) Q66a. Local govt. handling maintaining roads (Q66A) 66

67 Q66b. Local govt. handling maintaining local markets (Q66B) Q66c. Local govt. handling health standards in restaurants (Q66C) Q66d. Local govt. handling keeping community clean (Q66D) Q66e. Local govt. handling the use of land (Q66E) Q67a. Difficulty to obtain identity document (Q67A) 67

68 Q67b. Difficulty to obtain household services (Q67B) Q67c. Difficulty to obtain help from the police (Q67C) Q67d. Difficulty to obtain primary school placement (Q67D) Q67e. Difficulty to obtain medical treatment (Q67E) Q68a. Problems with schools: too expensive (Q68A) 68

69 Q68b. Problems with schools: textbooks and supplies (Q68B) Q68c. Problems with schools: poor teaching (Q68C) Q68d. Problems with schools: absent teachers (Q68D) Q68e. Problems with schools: overcrowded classrooms (Q68E) Q68f. Problems with schools: poor facilities (Q68F) 69

70 Q69a. Problems with public clinic: too expensive (Q69A) Q69b. Problems with public clinic: lack of medicine/supplies (Q69B) Q69c. Problems with public clinic: lack of attention/ respect (Q69C) Q69d. Problems with public clinic: absent doctors (Q69D) Q69e. Problems with public clinic: long waiting time (Q69E) 70

71 Q69f. Problems with public clinic: dirty facilities (Q69F) Q70a. Received free visits or medicines (Q70A) Q70b. Received food for children (Q70B) Q70c. Received pension or grant (Q70C) Q71a. Performance: President/Prime Minister (Q71A) 71

72 Q71b. Performance: MP/National Assembly rep. (Q71B) Q71c. Performance: local government councillor (Q71C) Q72a. Who responsible: MPs do jobs (Q72A) Q72b. Who responsible: local councillors do jobs (Q72B) Q72c. Who responsible: President/Prime Minister does job (Q72C) 72

73 Q73a. Payments required: general sales tax (Q73A) Range: -1-9 Africa - Afrobarometer Survey , Merged 34 Country Q73a.arb. Women and men should have equal work opportunities (Q73A_ARB) Q73b. Payments made: license fees to local government (Q73B) Range: -1-9 Q73b.arb. A woman can become the prime minister or president of a Muslim state (Q73B_ARB) Q73c. Payments made: property rates or taxes (Q73C) 73

74 Q73c. Payments made: property rates or taxes (Q73C) Range: -1-9 Q73c.arb. Women s share of inheritance should be equal to that of men (Q73C_ARB) Q73d. Payments made: income taxes (Q73D) Range: -1-9 Q73d. arb. Women and men should have equal rights in making a decision to divorce (Q73D_ARB) Q73e. Payments required: self-employer taxes (Q73E) 74