WURZWEILER SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK YESHIVA UNIVERSITY Ph.D. PROGRAM IN SOCIAL WELFARE. SWK 8293: SOCIAL POLICY I Fall Dr.

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1 WURZWEILER SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK YESHIVA UNIVERSITY Ph.D. PROGRAM IN SOCIAL WELFARE SWK 8293: SOCIAL POLICY I Fall 2010 Dr. Gary Stein I. COURSE DESCRIPTION This two semester course has a four-fold focus: to build knowledge and skills related to (1) the factors influencing social policy development and the role of the public, the media, interest groups, and institutions of government in defining the policy agenda; (2) the analysis of social welfare policies using a variety of theoretical frameworks (3) application of these frameworks to specific substantive areas associated with students dissertation areas; and (4) application of the tools and results of policy analysis to influencing social policy development and change. The intent is to enable students to learn those aspects of policy analysis that center around a problem-policy-program paradigm and, as advanced practitioners, to develop strategies to influence and impact upon the policy-making process. An understanding of the historical context in which social problems are defined and strategies developed serves as a fundamental basis in the policy analysis process. A key premise of this course is that to understand the dynamics of and intervene effectively in the policy making process, one must have in-depth knowledge of how the system works, including the multiple and overlapping arenas of public policy making. Although emphasis in the first semester is on the federal system, students are encouraged, as pertinent to their own research interests, to draw parallels to the various state systems. Course content focuses on three primary areas of inquiry: social problems, the policymaking process and problems in democratic practice. The course content includes how social problems are defined, by whom, and how they get (or fail to get) on the political agenda, the values and choices reflected in policy decisions as they affect vulnerable population groups and the nature of policy decision-making in the legislative, executive and judicial branches of government. These topics draw heavily on the issues of conflict, politics, power, democratic participation, and inequality (i.e., based on race, class, gender, nationality, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, disability, etc.). The values and ethical issues and institutional practices which serve as barriers to policy formulation and/or implementation are explored in the context of students dissertation topics. The assignments for this course are intended to directly address components of the dissertation proposal. Readings and class discussions are designed to concentrate on approaches, paradigms, and analytic problems associated with policy analysis and policy development, as well as discussion of pertinent policy issues per se. Examples of social policy issues under consideration or recently acted upon by the Bush Administration will be used throughout the semester. In this regard, students are expected to keep up with the latest developments in domestic policy by reading a major national newspaper each day, with emphasis on those areas of social welfare policy pertinent to students' doctoral dissertation topics. II. EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES A. Course Objectives Knowledge Objectives At the end of the semester, students will: 1

2 1. Demonstrate comprehension of the various approaches to processes and institutional players involved in the development and implementation of policies to meet the needs of populations in need and at risk from historical and contemporary perspectives. 2. Evidence knowledge about the history of social welfare, with particular emphasis on the historical development of policy relevant to students proposed dissertation areas. 3. Show understanding of selected social policy problems and issues from a contemporary perspective that are relevant to students' doctoral dissertations, the social work profession, and professional social work practice. 4. Demonstrate the ability to integrate theories about the policy making process with practical experience. 5. Show understanding of the historic traditional and current role of values in social policy development and implementation. 6. Discern the overlapping institutional forces in policy decision making. 7. Be able to identify the role of the media in identifying social problems and defining the public policy agenda. 8. Identify and distinguish the various social work roles and functions in policy analysis to influence social policy development and change. Skill Objectives At the end of the semester, students will be able to: 1. Articulate the different roles of key players in the policy making process. 2. Demonstrate, through concrete examples, how values are manifest in social problem identification and definition of the policy agenda. 3. Show evidence of a disciplined capacity for articulating professional concerns in the identification and assessment of social problems and issues. 4. Apply analytical skills to substantive policy areas, particularly in the area of dissertation study. 5. Convey and neutralize opposing arguments to policy issues in defense of a social work perspective. 6. Articulate the uses of policy analysis for social policy development and social change. III. COURSE REQUIREMENTS A. Texts and Readings Required Texts Dye, T.R. (2001). Top down policymaking. New York: Chatham House Publishers of Seven Bridges Press. ISBN: ; Retail List Price: $39.95 Gross, D. (2009). Dumb money. New York: Free Press. ISBN: ; Retail List Price: $9.99 2

3 Karger, H.J. & Stoesz, D. (2010). American social welfare policy: A pluralistic approach, 6th ed. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. ISBN: ; Retail List Price: $ Note: It is expected that students will read the entire books by Dye and Gross. Selections from Karger & Stoesz and other literature will be assigned by topic. Supplementary Texts Baumgartner, F.R. and Jones, B.D., eds. (2002). Policy dynamics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Best, J. (ed.). (1995). Images of issues, 2 nd ed. New York: Aldine degruyter. Chambers, D.E. (2000). Social policy and social programs: A method for the practical public policy analyst, 3 rd ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Clemons, R.S. and McBeth, M.K. (2001). Public policy praxis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Cortese, E. (2003). Walls and bridges: Social justice and public policy. Albany: State University of New York Press. DiNitto, D. (1999). Social welfare: Politics and public policy, 5 th Bacon. ed. Boston, MA: Allyn and Dye, T.R. (1995). Understanding public policy, 10th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Eitzen, D.S. and Baca Zinn, M. (2005). Social Problems. 10 th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Fischer, F. (2003). Reframing public policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Gilbert, N. & Terrell, P. (2002). Dimensions of social welfare policy, 5th ed. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Goodin, R.E. and Klingemann, H. (1998). A new handbook of political science. New York: Oxford University Press. Heiner, R. (2005). Social Problems: An Introduction to Critical Constructionism. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kingdon, J.W. (2003). Agendas, alternatives, and public policies. 2 nd ed. New York: Longman. Kornblum, W. and Julian, J. (2003). Social Problems. 11 th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall Lindblom, C.E. & Woodhouse, E.J. (1993). The policy-making process, 3 rd. ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Macionis, J.J. (2004). Social Problems. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall National Association of Social Workers. (1999). Social work speaks: NASW policy statements, 5th ed. Washington, DC: Author. (Selected examples will be referenced.) 3

4 Parenti, M. (2002). Democracy for the few. 7 th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Rochefort, D.A. & Cobb, R.W. (eds.). (1994). The politics of problem definition: Shaping the policy agenda. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press. Sabatier. P.A., ed. (1999). Theories of the policy process. Boulder: Westview Press. Schneider, A. and Ingram, H. (1997). Policy design for democracy. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. Stone, D. (2002). Policy paradox, revised ed. New York: W.W. Norton. Assigned readings from sources other than required texts will be on reserve at the Pollack Library or available online. Note: You will be expected to use primary source documents as part of your policy analysis assignments. U.S. Federal Interagency Council offers access to Fedstats, a comprehensive data base that links researchers to statistical information compiled by more than 70 agencies of the government. The site can be searched by agency, program, subject, or keyword. Researchers can follow links to federal budget documents, policy papers, Federal Register notes, and independent statistical agencies; You may also find to be a useful linking search engine. Other useful resources include the Congressional Record and the federal Green Book. Note: The course may be revised periodically for time management and for topical reasons. B. Course Assignments Readings It is expected that all reading assignments listed as "required" in the course outline will be read and that students will make every effort to avail themselves of the recommended readings. In addition to the assigned readings, students are expected to skim a major national newspaper -- The New York Times, Washington Post, or Wall Street Journal -- each day, and to clip, read, and retain for their own files copies of articles that are relevant to dissertation topics. Students with a special interest in social policy will be familiar with current policy issues through regular reading of Congressional Quarterly, Congressional Weekly, and professional journals. These sources will be extremely helpful to all students in preparing class assignments and participating in class discussions. Papers There will be two papers which together form the basis for Section 2 of your dissertation proposal. Assignment 1: Policy Analysis from a Historical Perspective Social Problem Identification and Formulation The first assignment focuses on an analysis of agenda setting, the antecedents of a social policy. The social condition/problem you select must be directly applicable to the topic of your dissertation. From a historical perspective, you are to identify the socio-political, economic, religious, or other factors that coalesced to bring public recognition of a social problem and ultimate government action. The focus is on what came before and led up to social policy in a particular area. Emphasize time and place the social forces which account for the decision to take action on the problem. 4

5 The problem with which you are dealing is not the same as your dissertation proposal research question. However, the problem places the research question in its larger context. For example, if your research question pertains to the factors associated with movement from a homeless shelter to permanent housing, the problem you would be studying is that of homelessness. If your research will address homelessness among the chronically mentally ill population, then your study problem should be anchored first, in the problem of homelessness, and then, more specifically, in the incidence and special situation of homelessness among this special population. Other examples will be provided in class. 1. The condition. Identify and define the nature and scope of the condition that gives rise to the need for social policy development, including those groups directly and indirectly affected. 2. From condition to problem. Describe the process of how the condition has come to be defined as a social problem warranting societal intervention and the degree to which the problem definition is responsive to the condition. Be sure to include who does the defining, who is affected, and the role and place of social values in when and how the condition was defined as a problem. Discuss other relevant contextual issues time, place, history, economics, religion, etc. that shed light on the process of social problem identification and legitimation and its career as a public issue. 3. Magnitude of the Problem. Include current statistics about the breadth of the problem (who, how many, how severely affected), which demonstrate the scope and significance, duration and intensity of the problem area under inquiry. From a current perspective, discuss the ramifications of the problem for the affected population, the community, and American society. Due Date: Class 6 Length: 10 pages, not including references. Assignment # 2: Historical and Contemporary Policy Responses to the Social Problem Select a legislative policy that has been formulated to address the problem. What do we know about the policy in implementation? How well is it meeting its goals? What obstacles can be identified that might help explain problems in implementation? Be sure that you have identified the most recent amendments to the law in question. Describe the history and development of the policy and discuss its goals, objectives and main provisions (who gets what and in what form). Analyze the "fit" between the policy and social condition in terms of values, knowledge and purposes. Does it make sense? Has the problem been redefined over time? If so, what changing socio-economic and political factors account for the revised definition? How consistent are the policy provisions with the nature of the problem, as you describe it? Identify and select one judicial decision as it relates directly to the social problem area in which your dissertation topic is grounded. Referencing the decision itself (including arguments), provide an overview of the ruling, discuss the dominant values expressed in the decision, the conflicting views expressed in minority opinions, the implications of the decision, and the ways in which the decision sheds light on the policy making role of the judiciary. Use available search engines to identify relevant decisions. The decision can be at any judicial level - federal, state, or municipal, but, as applicable, give preference to Supreme Court decisions on down the line, as these will have national implications. 5

6 Finally, what is the current status of the problem and responses to the problem? Is, for example, the problem currently on the political agenda? Note: Class readings pertinent to this assignment are expected to be incorporated into the discussion. It is expected that you will research and read the actual laws and reference them. Due Date: Class 13 Length: 15 pages, not including references. Adherence to APA style of sectioning, referencing and margins is required. It is expected that students will evidence communication skills consistent with doctoral education standards. It is recommended that written work be carefully proofread (by self and others) before submission. It is expected that assignments will be handed in on the due date. Grades will be reduced for late papers. C. Class Format The design of the course assumes that students will simultaneously be developing their dissertation proposals in close contact with their faculty advisors. It is assumed that each student will have read the assigned readings prior to each class session. The background material will be used as the point of departure for class discussion. Class sessions will include presentation of relevant information which ties together text and reference material with social work policy practice. The course is conducted in seminar format. Students are encouraged to draw upon their experiences and the literature to think analytically about current issues, problems and alternative solutions regarding policy practice. Each student is expected to actively participate in class discussions, contributing knowledge, experience and ideas. The policy of WSSW is that absences beyond two in a semester are cause for failure. D. Grading The University grading system will be applied. The grade will be based upon the extent to which the student meets the course objectives, as demonstrated in the form, content, and promptness of written assignments as well as class attendance and participation. Criteria for final grades are: 1. Problem Identification and Formulation Paper 35% 2. Responses to Social Problem Paper 45% 3. Class Participation & Attendance 20% E. Evaluation Students are provided opportunity to evaluate doctoral courses. An evaluation form pertaining to the course and instructor will be distributed at the 13th class session. There will also be oral discussion of students' perspectives about the course. Evaluation is ongoing and students are encouraged to provide feedback about their learning needs throughout the semester. 6

7 COURSE SCHEDULE Class 1 INTRODUCTION & OVERVIEW OF THE COURSE Overview of course and course assignments Social policy and social work: relationship and history Roles and responsibilities of social workers in the policy process The current social work policy agenda: federal, state and local Class 2 THE STATE OF SOCIAL WELFARE Theory and ideology of the welfare state Values and social policy Applying historical perspectives to current social policy issues Dimensions of social welfare Required Readings Dear, R.B. (1995). Social welfare policy. In R.L. Edwards (ed.). Encyclopedia of Social Work, 19 th ed., pp Washington, DC: NASW Press. Einbinder, S.D. (1995). Policy analysis. In R.L. Edwards (ed.). Encyclopedia of Social Work, 19 th ed., pp Washington, DC: NASW Press. Iatridis, D.S. (1995). Policy practice. In R.L. Edwards (ed.). Encyclopedia of Social Work, 19 th ed., pp Washington, DC: NASW Press. Gross, D. (2009). Dumb money. New York: Free Press. Recommended: Reid, P.N. (1995). Social welfare history. In R.L. Edwards (ed.). Encyclopedia of Social Work, 19 th ed., pp Washington, DC: NASW Press. Class 3 MODELS OF POLICY ANALYSIS Social work's role in social policy development, analysis & evaluation Analytic frameworks and theory of policy Required Readings Dye, T.R. (2001). Top down policymaking. New York: Chatham House Publishers of Seven Bridges Press. Chapters 1, Policymaking from the Top Down, pp. 1-15; Chapter 2, Power, Wealth and Policymaking, pp , Chapter 3, pp , The Policy Formulation Process. Karger, H.J. & Stoesz, D. (2010). American social welfare policy: A pluralistic approach, 6 th ed. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Chapter 1, Social Policy and the American Welfare State, pp. 1-26; Chapter 2, Social Welfare Policy Research, pp

8 Recommended: Chambers, D.E. (2000). Social policy and social programs: A method for the practical public policy analyst, 3 rd ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Chapter 1, Analyzing the social problem background of social policies and social programs. Chapter 2, Creating the context for the analysis of social policies: Understanding the historical context. Day, P.J. (1997). A new history of social welfare, 2 nd ed., Chapter 1, Values in social welfare, pp Boston: Allyn & Bacon. DiNitto, D. (1999). Social welfare: Politics and public policy, 5 th Chapter 2, Government and Social Welfare, pp ed. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Classes 4-5 THE POLICYMAKING PROCESS: EXECUTIVE POLICY-MAKING Multiple arenas of social policy-making The President: executive orders, economic policy (budget), veto power Presidential authority President as salesman Required Readings Dye, T.R. (2001). Top down policymaking. New York: Chatham House Publishers of Seven Bridges Press, Chapter 7, pp , The Policy Legitimation Process. Karger, H.J. & Stoesz, D. (2010). Chapter 8, The making of governmental policy, pp American social welfare policy: A pluralistic approach, 6 th ed. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Class 6 THE POLICYMAKING PROCESS: LEGISLATIVE POLICY MAKING Federal Legislature The State Legislatures Clarifying language: law, policy, bill, act Policy in implementation Required Readings: Dye, T.R. (2001). Top down policymaking. New York: Chatham House Publishers of Seven Bridges Press, Chapter 4, The Leadership Selection Process, pp ; Chapter 8, The Policy Implementation Process, pp Recommended Readings: DiNitto, D. (1999). Social welfare: Politics and public policy, 5 th ed. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Chapter 8, Improving health care: Treating the nation s ills, pp Gilbert, N. & Terrell, P. (2002). Dimensions of social welfare policy, 5th ed. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Chapter 4, The Basis of Social Allocations, pp ; Chapter 5, The Nature of Social Provisions, pp

9 Class 7 THE POLICY MAKING PROCESS: JUDICIAL POLICY MAKING Understanding the relationship between legislation and court decisions How courts interpret statutes and regulations Finding and using statutory materials Finding and using case materials Required Readings: Saltzman, A. & Furman, D.M. (1999). Law in social work practice. Australia; Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning. Chapter 1, Basic legal concepts and principles for the social worker, and Chapter 4, Locating and using the law. Classes 8-9 THE POLICYMAKING PROCESS: JUDICIAL POLICY MAKING Impact of key court decisions on American life Activist courts: Is judicial activism a conservative or liberal approach, or is it in the mind of the beholder? Analysis of leading decisions on social issues: abortion, sexual privacy, school desegregation, assisted suicide Overlapping Boundaries: The President, The Courts, and Congress Required Readings: Liptak, A. (2009, July 1). The Roberts court, tipped by Kennedy. The New York Times, pp. A-1, A-3. Downloaded from: Gonzales v. Carhart, 127 S. Ct (2007) Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1, 2007 U.S. LEXIS 8670 (2007) Lawrence v. Texas, 539 US 558 (2003) Washington v. Glucksberg, 521 U.S. 702 (1997) Vacco v. Quill, 521 U.S. 793 (1997) Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., 550 U.S. (2007) Baze v. Rees, 553 U.S. (2008) Northwest Austin Municipal Utility District v. Holden, 557 U.S. (2009) Recommended: Buttrick, S.M. (1995). Remedy and remorse: Judicial control of social welfare. Administration in Social Work, 19(3), McCloskey, R.C. (1994). The American Supreme Court, 2 nd ed. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Chapter 8, Civil Liberties, Civil Rights, and the Supreme Court, pp ; Chapter 9, Judicial Monitoring of the New American Welfare State, pp Rosenberg, G.N. (1991). The hollow hope: Can courts bring about social change? Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Part 2 - Abortion and Women s Rights (pp ). 9

10 Class 10 THE POLICYMAKING PROCESS: SOURCES OF POLICY INFLUENCE The media Public opinion Lobbyists, associations & other key players Social movements & social protest Community organizing, coalitions and advocacy Social work role Required Readings: Dye, T.R. (2001). Top down policymaking. New York: Chatham House Publishers of Seven Bridges Press, Chapter 5, pp , The Interest Group Process; Chapter 6, pp , The Opinion Making Process. Karger, H.J. & Stoesz, D. (2010). Chapter 7, Privatization and Human Service Corporations, pp American social welfare policy: A pluralistic approach, 6 th ed. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Recommended Readings: Bernstein, J., & Stevens, R.A. (1999). Public opinion, knowledge, and Medicare reform. Health Affairs, 18(1), Recommended: Burstein, P. (1998). Interest organizations, political parties and the study of democratic politics. In A.N. Costain. and A.S. McFarland, eds., Social movements and American political institutions, pp Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers. Burstein, P. (1999). Social movements and public policy. In M. Giugni, D. McAdam and C. Tilly, eds., How social movements matter, pp Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Brawley, E.A., & Martinez-Brawley, E.E. (1999). Promoting social justice in partnership with the mass media. Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 26(2), Cappella, J. N., & Jamieson, K.H. (1997). Spiral of cynicism: The press and the public good. New York: Cambridge University Press, Chapter 1, The President, the Speakers, and the Press, pp. 1-16; Chapter 2, Cynicism or Realism, pp ; Chapter 3, Framing the News, pp Della Porta, D. and Diani, M. (1999). Social Movements. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. Chapter 1, The study of social movements: collective behavior, rational action, protests and new conflicts, pp DiNitto, D. (1999). Social welfare: Politics and public policy, 5 th Chapter 1, Politics, Rationalism, and Social Welfare, pp ed. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Hinckley, B., & Goldman, S. (1990). American politics and government: Structure, processes, institutions, and policies. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman/Little, Brown Higher Education. Chapter 3, Public opinion, socialization, and the media, pp ; Chapter 4, Interest groups, pp Mayhew, L.H. (1998). The new public: The culture of communication and the means of social influence. New York: Cambridge University Press. McAdam, D. and Snow, D.A. (1997). Social movements, readings on their emergence, mobilization, and dynamics. Los Angeles: Roxbury Publishing Company, Introduction, pp. xviii-xxvi. 10

11 McAdam, D., Tarrow, S., and Tilly, C. (2003). Book symposium: Focus on dynamics of contention. Mobilization (8(1), McAdam, D., Tarrow, S., and Tilly, C. (2001). Dynamics of contention. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. McAdam, D., Tarrow, S., and Tilly, C. (1996). To map contentious politics. Mobilization 1, no. 1(1), Rothman, J., Erlich, J.L. & Tropman, J.E., eds (1995). Strategies of community intervention, 5 th Itasca, IL: F.E. Peacock Publishers. Chapters 1, 9, & 24. ed. Sunstein, C..R. (2003). Why societies need dissent. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press Class 11 C C C CIVIL RIGHTS POLICY Discrimination in American society Legal/policy responses to discrimination Analyzing hypothetical cases Required Readings: Karger, H.J. & Stoesz, D. (2010). Chapter 4, Discrimination in American Society, pp American social welfare policy: A pluralistic approach, 6 th ed. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Class 12 C C C C C HEALTH CARE POLICY Organization of health services Public and private insurance systems Managed care and cost controls The challenge of the uninsured The future of health care reform Required Readings: Karger, H.J. & Stoesz, D. (2010). Chapter 12, The American Health Care System, pp American social welfare policy: A pluralistic approach, 6 th ed. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Gawande, A. (2009, June 1). The cost conundrum: What a Texas town can teach us about health care. The New Yorker, downloaded from Class 13 MENTAL HEALTH POLICY Mental health service delivery systems Community mental health and deinstitutionalization Behavioral health care and cost controls Care in the least restrictive environment 11

12 Required Readings: Karger, H.J. & Stoesz, D. (2010). Chapter 13, Mental Health and Substance Abuse Policy, pp American social welfare policy: A pluralistic approach, 6 th ed. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Olmstead v. L.C., 527 US 581 (1999) Class 14 POLICY PROSPECTS Redefining the policy agenda Role of social work profession and social workers Course summation and evaluation Required Readings Dye, T.R. (2001). Top down policymaking. New York: Chatham House Publishers of Seven Bridges Press, Chapter 9, pp , The Policy Evaluation Process. Karger, H.J. & Stoesz, D. (2010). Chapter 6, The Voluntary and For-Profit Social Sectors, pp ; Chapter 18, The American Welfare State in International Perspective, pp American social welfare policy: A pluralistic approach, 6 th ed. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Recommended: Gilbert, N. & Terrell, P. (2002). Dimensions of social welfare policy, 5th ed. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Chapter 2, The Modern Welfare State, pp Hoechstetter, S. (1996). Taking new directions to improve public policy. Social Work, 41(4), Lindblom, C.E. & Woodhouse, E.J. (1993). The policy-making process, 3 rd. ed., Part IV, Chapters 11-12, pp Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. 12

13 WURZWEILER SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK YESHIVA UNIVERSITY DOCTORAL PROGRAM IN SOCIAL WELFARE SOCIAL POLICY SUPPLEMENTAL BIBLIOGRAPHY Fall, 2009 Note: The following resources provide students with the overview literature in the field of social policy. The bibliography draws primarily from the human services and political science literature. There are a wealth of books and periodical materials available on specific social welfare policy areas and students are strongly encouraged to conduct extensive literature reviews relevant to their dissertation topics. Aaron, H.J., Schultze, C.L., & Berlin, G. (1992). Setting domestic priorities: What can Government do? Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution. Aaron, H.J., Mann, T.E., & Taylor, T. (1994). Values and public policy. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution. Abramovitz, M. (1997). Temporary assistance to needy families. In R L. Edwards (Ed.-in-chief). Encyclopedia of Social Work, 1997 Supplement, pp Washington, DC: NASW Press. Abramovitz, M. (2001). Everyone is still on welfare: The role of redistribution in social policy. Social Work, 46(4), Amenta, E. (1998). Bold relief: Institutional politics and the origins of modern American social policy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. American Journal of Public Health. (January, 2003), 93:1. (Issue devoted to health care reform) Bardach, E. (2000). A practical guide for policy analysis: The eightfold path to more effective problem solving. New York: Chatham House Publishers, Seven Bridges Press. Bernstein, J., & Stevens, R.A. (1999). Public opinion, knowledge, and Medicare reform. Health Affairs, 18(1), Best, J. (ed.). (1995). Images of issues, 2 nd ed. New York: Aldine degruyter. Biggerstaff, M.A. (2000). A critique of the Model State Social Work Practice Act. Social Work, 45(2) Birkland, T.A. (1998). After disaster: Agenda setting, public policy, and focusing events. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. Bok, M. (1992). Civil rights and the social programs of the 1960s: The social justice functions of social policy. Westport, CT: Praeger. Bowles, N. (1993). The government and politics of the United States. New York: St. Martin s Press. 13

14 Brawley, E.A., & Martinez-Brawley, E.E. (1999). Promoting social justice in partnership with the mass media. Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 26(2), Broadhead, R.S., Van Hurlst, Y., & Heckathorn, D.D. (1999). Termination of an established needleexchange: A study of claims and their impact. Social Problems, 46(1), Browne, W. P. (1998). Groups, interests, and U.S. public policy. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. Burch, H.A. & Michaels, D.G. (1991). The why's of social policy: Perspective on policy preferences. New York: Praeger. Buttrick, S.M. (1995). Remedy and remorse: Judicial control of social welfare. Administration in Social Work, 19(3), Cancian, M. (2001). Rhetoric and reality of work-based welfare reform. Social Work, 46(4), Cappella, J. N., & Jamieson, K.H. (1997). Spiral of cynicism: The press and the public good. New York: Cambridge University Press. Chambers, D.E. (2000). Social policy and social programs: A method for the practical public policy analyst, 3 rd ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Chatterjee, P. (1996). Approaches to the welfare state. Washington, DC: NASW Press. Chelf, C.P. (1992). Controversial issues in social welfare policy: The pursuit of happiness. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Clarke, J., Cochrane, A., & McLaughlin, E. (1994). Managing social policy. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Cochran, C.E. (1993). American public policy: An introduction. NY: St. Martin's Press. Costin, L., Karger, H. & Stoesz, D. (1996). The politics of child abuse in America. New York: Oxford University Press. Critchlow, D.T., & Parker, C.H. (1998). With us always: A history of private charity and public welfare. New York: Rowman & Littlefield. Cronin, T.E., & Genovese, M.A. (1998). The paradoxes of the American presidency. New York: Oxford University Press. Day, P.J. (1997). A new history of social welfare, 2 nd ed. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Devine, J.A. & Wright, J.D. (1993). The greatest of evils: Urban poverty and the underclass. New York: A. de Gruyter. Dickinson, N.S. (1997). Federal social policy from 1994 to In R L. Edwards (Ed.-in-chief). Encyclopedia of Social Work, 1997 Supplement, pp Washington, DC: NASW Press. 14

15 Diggins, J. (1994). The promise of pragmatism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Dinan, J.J. (1998). Keeping the people s liberties: Legislation, citizens, and judges as guardians of rights. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press. DiNitto, D.M. (1999). Social welfare: Politics and public policy, 5th ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Dobelstein, A.W. (1990). Social welfare: Policy and analysis. Chicago: Nelson-Hall Publishers. Dodd, L.C. & Jillson, C.C. (1994). The dynamics of American politics: Approaches and interpretations. Boulder: Westview Press. Dluhy, M.K. (1990). Building coalitions in the human services. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Dudley, W. (ed.). (2000). Opposing viewpoints in social issues. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press. Eastaugh, S.R. (1994). Facing tough choices: Balancing fiscal and social deficits. Westport, CT: Praeger. Etzioni, E. (1993). The spirit of community: Rights, responsibilities, and the communitarian agenda. New York: Crown. Etzioni, E. (Ed.). (1995). New communitarian thinking: Persons, virtues, institutions, communities. Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia. Ewalt, P.L., Freeman, E.M., Kirk, S.A., & Poole, D.L. (eds.) (1997). Social policy: Reform, research and practice. Washington, DC: NASW Press. Feigelman, W. (1990). Readings on social problems: Probing the extent, causes, and remedies of America s social problems. Ft. Worth, TX: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. Feit, M.D. & Battle, S.F. (1995). Health and social policy. NY: Haworth Press. Feldman, S., & Zaller, J. (1992). The political culture of ambivalence: Ideological responses to the welfare state. American Journal of Political Science, 36 (1), Figueira-McDonough, J. (1993). Policy practice: The neglected side of social work intervention. Social Work, 38(2), Gibelman, M., & Demone, H.W., Jr. (1998). The privatization of human services: Policy and practice issues. New York: Springer. Gibelman, M., & Demone, H.W., Jr. (1998). The privatization of human services: Case studies in the purchase of services. New York: Springer. Gibson, D. (1998). Aged care: Old policies, new problems. New York: Cambridge University Press. Gerston, L.N. (1997). Public policy making: Process and principles. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe. Gil, D.G. (1992). Unravelling social policy: Theory, analysis, and political action towards social equality, 5th ed. Rochester, VT: Schenkman Books. Gilbert, N. (1994). Miscounting social ills. Society, 31(3), Gilbert, N. (1995). Welfare justice: Restoring social equity. New Haven: Yale University Press. 15

16 Ginsburg, L.H. (1999). Understanding social problems, policies, and programs. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press. Glied, S. (1998). Chronic condition: Why health reform fails. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Grinspan, M.G. (1993). The Great Society revisited: Success, failure, or remorse? Memphis, TN: Rhodes College. Haas, L. (1990). Gender equality and social policy. Journal of Family Issues, 11(4), Hagen, J.L. (1999). Time limits under Temporary Assistance to Needy Families: A look at the welfare cliff. Affilia: Journal of Women & Social Work, 14(3), Hartman, A. (1994). Reflection & controversy: Essays on social work. Washington, DC: NASW Press. Henslin, J.M. (2000). Social problems. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Hoechstetter, S. (1996). Taking new directions to improve public policy. Social Work, 41(4), Hoefer, R. & Colby, I.C. (1997). Social welfare expenditures: Private. In R L. Edwards (Ed.-in-chief). Encyclopedia of Social Work, 1997 Supplement, pp Washington, DC: NASW Press. Hollingsworth, L.D. (2000). Adoption policy in the United States: A word of caution. Social Work, 45(2), Howie, J. (ed.). (1983). Ethical principles for social policy. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press. Hugman, R. (1995). The implications of the term elder abuse for problem definition and response in health and social welfare. Journal of Social Policy, 24(4), Iatridis, D.S. (1994). Social policy: Institutional context of social development and human services. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole. Inouye, D.K., Ell, K. & Ewalt, P.L. (1994). Social work research and social policy. Social Work, 39 (6), Jamieson, K.H. (Ed.). (1996). The media and politics. The Annuals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (entire issue), 546. Jansson, B.S. (1996). The reluctant welfare state, 3 rd ed. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole. Jansson, B.S. (1994). Social welfare policy: From theory to practice, 2nd ed. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole. Jimenez, M. J. (1990). Historical evolution and future challenges of the human services professions. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Human Services, 71(1), Karger, H.J. & Midgley, J. (1994). Controversial issues in social policy. Boston, Allyn and Bacon. Karger, H.J. & Stoesz, D. (1993). Retreat and retrenchment: Progressives and the welfare state. Social Work, 38(2),

17 Katz, A.J., Lurie, A., & Vidal, C. (Eds.). (1997). Critical social welfare issues: Tools for social work and health care professionals. New York: Haworth. Kautz, J.R. III, Netting, F.E., Huber, R., Borders, K., & Davis, T.S. (1997). The government performance and Results Act of l993: Implications for Social Work Practice. Social Work, 42(4), Kendall, D.E. (1998). Social problems in a diverse society. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Spector. M. and Kitsuse, J.I. (2001). Constructing Social Problems. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction. Kleinhauf, C. (1989). Analyzing social welfare legislation. Social Work, 32(2), Laakso, J.H. (2000). Child support policy: Some critical issues and the implications for social work. Social Work, 45(4), Levit, N. (1998). The gender line: Men, women, and law. New York: New York University Press. Lieberman, R.C. (1998). Shifting the color line: Race and the American welfare state. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Lindblom, C.E. & Woodhouse, E.J. (1993). The policy-making process, 3 rd. Ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Loseke, D.R. (1999). Thinking about social problems: An introduction to constructionist perspectives. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. Maioni, A. (1998). Parting at the crossroads: The emergence of health insurance in the United States and Canada. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Manning, N., & Shaw, I. (2000). New risks, new welfare: Signposts for social policy. Oxford (UK); Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers. Marcus, A.I. (1997). Health care policy in contemporary America. State College, PA: Penn State University Press. Mayhew, L.H. (1998). The new public: The culture of communication and the means of social influence. New York: Cambridge University Press. McKenna, G., & Feingold, S. (eds.). (1995). Taking sides: Clashing views on controversial political issues. Guilford, CT: Dushkin Publishing Group. McKeever, R. (1997). The United States Supreme Court: A political and legal analysis. New York: St. Martin s Press. Mink, G. (1998). Welfare s end. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Mizrahi, T. (1997). Health care: policy development. In R L. Edwards (Ed.-in-chief). Encyclopedia of Social Work, 1997 Supplement, pp Washington, DC: NASW Press. O'Donnell, S. (1993). Involving clients in welfare policy-making. Social Work, 38 (5), pp Orlin, M. (1995). The Americans with Disabilities Act: Implications for social services. Social Work, 40 (2),

18 Ozawa, M.N. (1999). The economic well-being of elderly people and children in a changing society. Social Work, 44(1), Palumbo, D.J. (1990). Implementation and the policy process: Opening up the black box. NY: Greenwood Press. Palumbo, D.J., & Calista, D.J. (Eds.). (1990). Implementation and the policy process: Opening up the black box. New York: Greenwood Press.. Park, N.J., & Gilbert, N. (1999). Social Security and the incremental privatization of retirement income. Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 26(2), Pascall, G. (1986). Social policy: A feminist analysis. London: Tavistock Publications. Pechman, J.A. & McPherson, M.S. (1992). Fulfilling America's promise: Social policies for the 1990s. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Peled, E. (1993). Children who witness women battering: Concerns and dilemmas in the construction of a social problem. Children and Youth Services Review, 15(1), Perlmutter, F.D. (1994). Women & social change: Nonprofits & social policy. Washington, DC: NASW Press. Raske, M.P. (1997). The NASW teach-in: Contextualizing social work reform. Social Work, 42 (1), 7-9. Rastogi, P.N. (1992). Policy analysis and problem-solving for social systems: Toward understanding, monitoring, and managing world problems. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Reamer, F.G. (1994). The foundations of social work knowledge. NY: Columbia University Press. Reisch, M. (2000). Social workers and politics in the new century. Social Work, 45(4), Richan, W. C. (1991). Lobbying for social change. New York: The Haworth Press. Rochefort, D.A. & Cobb, R.W. (eds.). (1994). The politics of problem definition: Shaping the policy agenda. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press. Sabatier, P.A. (ed.). (1999). Theories of the policy process. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Sandel, M.J. (1996). Democracy s discontent. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press/Harvard University Press. Schneider, R.L., & Netting, F.E. (1999). Influencing social policy in a time of devolution: Upholding social work s great tradition. Social Work, 44(4), Shein, L. (ed.). (1998). Inequality: Opposing viewpoints in social problems. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press. Sinclair, B. (1997). Unorthodox lawmaking: New legislative processes in the U.S. Congress. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Books. Skocpol, T. (1995). Social policy in the United States: Future possibilities in historical perspective. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 18

19 Stefancic, J.,& Delgado, R. (1996). No mercy: How conservative think tanks and foundations changed America s social agenda. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Stoesz, D. (1990). A theory of social welfare. Social Work, 34(2), Stoesz, D. (1992). Reconstructing the American welfare state. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. Stoesz, D. & Karger, H.J. (1993). Reconstructing welfare: The Reagan legacy and the welfare state. Social Work, 38 (5), Tam, H. (1998). Communitarianism: A new agenda for politics and citizenship. New York: New York University Press. Van Soest, D. (1994). Strange bedfellows: A call for reordering national priorities from three social justice perspectives. Social Work, 39 (6), Van Voorhis, R.A. (1999). A socio-economic analysis of the three paths to Social Security reform. Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 26(2), Van Wormer, K. (1997). Social welfare: A world view. Chicago: Nelson-Hall. Whitby, K.J. (1998). The color of representation: Congressional behavior and black interests. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. Wilensky, G.R., & Newhouse, J.P. (1999). Medicare: What s right? What s wrong? What s next? Health Affairs, 18(1), Wyers, N.L. (1991). Policy practice in social work: Models and issues. Journal of Social Work Education, 27, Recommended Journals Note: There are hundreds of journals in the social, economic, and political sciences. These are only a sample. Administration and Policy in Mental Health Administration and Society Administrative Science Quarterly Adoption Quarterly AFFILIA, Journal of Women & Social Work American Behavioral Scientist American Journal of Economics and Sociology American Journal of Political Science American Journal of Sociology American Political Science Review American Sociological Review American Sociologist Annals of the American Academy of Political & Social Science Applied Behavioral Science Review Child Abuse and Neglect Children and Society Chronicle of Philanthropy Community Mental Health Journal Contemporary Sociology 19

20 Crime, Law, and Social Change Current Sociology Cultural Values Disability and Society Economy and Society Families in Society Families, Systems, and Health Gender and Society Health Affairs International Journal of Public Opinion Research International Journal of Sociology International Social Science Journal Journal of Aging and Social Policy Journal of Applied Social Sciences Journal of Black Studies Journal of Community Practice Journal of Family Issues Journal of Health & Social Behavior Journal of Health Care Finance Journal of Labor Economics Journal of Health and Social Policy Journal of Jewish Communal Service Journal of Philosophy and Public Affairs Journal of Policy Analysis and Management Journal of Politics Journal of Public Policy Journal of Social Issues Journal of Social Policy Journal of Social Service Research Journal of Social Work Education Journal of Multicultural Social Work Journal of Policy History Journal of Social Issues Journal of Social Policy Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare Law and Social Inquiry Law & Society Review Mobilization Multicultural Perspectives Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly Policy and Practice of Public Human Services Policy Review Policy Sciences Policy Studies Policy Studies Journal Policy Studies Review Political Behavior Political Research Quarterly Political Science Review Public Administration and Management Public Administration Quarterly Public Administration Review Public Management Race and Society Social Forces 20

21 Social Policy and Administration Social Problems Social Science Quarterly Social Service Review Social Thought Social Work Social Work Forum Sociological Quarterly Stanford Social Innovation Review Urban Affairs Review Western Political Quarterly The following popular journals and magazines provide insight into contemporary conservative and liberal viewpoints. Conservative Commentary The Economist First Things National Review Weekly Standard Liberal The American Prospect Boston Review Dissent Mother Jones Nation Progressive Tikkun Middle of the Road Atlantic Monthly Harpers New Republic Newsweek Time Web Sites Center for Law and Social Policy: Moving Ideas: 21