Political Science 489, sec. 002 Southern Politics W INTER S EMESTER 2006

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1 Tuesdays and Thursdays, 10:00-11: Mason Hall Political Science 489, sec. 002 Southern Politics W INTER S EMESTER 2006 Instructor: Office Hours: Professor Robert Mickey Wednesdays, Haven Hall and by appointment rmickey@umich.edu Read this syllabus carefully. You are responsible for the information it contains. If you have any questions, direct them to Professor Mickey either in class, via phone or , or during office hours. If you lose this syllabus, ask for a replacement copy. OVERVIEW In his classic book, The Mind of the South, Wilbur J. Cash considered the South not quite a nation within a nation, but the next thing to it. Despite their many differences, southerners of all shades and dispositions have long shared this view. In this course, we will take seriously their claims of the region s exceptionalism and even its sovereignty, and investigate the post-bellum political development of the eleven states of the former Confederacy. From the 1890s until the close of World War II, these highly agrarian states were ruled as racially exclusionary, authoritarian enclaves. Having secured an extraordinary degree of autonomy from national political institutions and actors, Southern Democratic party-states sought to serve the needs of landowning elites and industrialists. From the mid- 1940s until the early 1970s, the South's rulers negotiated a tense transition to democracy in response to political insurgency. Today, the region's politics and economics have been transformed; home to much of the country's most rapid economic growth, the South is now marked by often high rates of African-American political participation and officeholding as Democrats, and by rapid gains on the part of the now virtually all-white Republicans. The political development of the South has been remarkable, but needn't be thought of as inevitable. Why has the South developed as it has? How did Southern rulers maintain power for so long? Why did the black freedom struggle take so long to bear fruit? How did whites, whether on farms or in factories or offices, understand their political and economic interests? By what techniques did Southern rulers seek to maintain their rule after World War II? How has the South's political development shaped America's recent national politics? This course puts the U.S. in comparative perspective. Specifically, we will treat Southern states as a set of enclaves of authoritarian rule that have only recently undergone democratization. In doing so, we will explore a set of related questions that preoccupy

2 Prof. Mickey 2 scholars of comparative politics. First, how can authoritarian politics persist within a democratic country? Second, how does the presence of such enclaves shape the country as a whole? Third, how are such enclaves democratized? Fourth, what are the benefits of democratization? In tackling these questions, we will trace how the legacies of the Southern past continue to shape America's policymaking, political institutions, and party competition. This course is very demanding and, it is hoped, highly rewarding. The reading load is difficult in both quantity and quality, and course lectures will supplement not review reading assignments, so class attendance is a must. In addition to lectures, the course will feature optional video presentations. Those attending will collectively choose from among documentaries on the Jim Crow South, the American civil rights movement, and South Africa's transition to democracy, as well as dramatic films portraying life under authoritarian rule in Eastern Europe and Latin America. GENERAL COURSE REQUIREMENTS Besides class attendance and participation, the course has two sets of assignments upon which your grade will be based. First, there will be a few surprise in-class quizzes to help stimulate class attendance and the timely completion of reading assignments. These will comprise 10% of your final grade. Second, you must write four essays which will comprise 90% of the final grade. These essays, of various lengths, will not require your doing additional, research, but will require mastery of reading assignments. Grade grievances If you believe that you have been unfairly graded, you must follow this procedure: 1. Wait 24 hours after receiving the grade before approaching the professor. 2. Provide a brief explanation in writing for why the grade you received was unfair. Departmental grade grievance procedures are outlined on the political science website at Readings The following books are available at Shaman Drum Bookstore: **Numan V. Bartley, The New South, : The Story of the South's Modernization (Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 1995) **James C. Cobb, The Most Southern Place on Earth: The Mississippi Delta and the Roots of Regional Identity (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992) **Eric Foner, Reconstruction, **V. O. Key, Jr., Southern Politics in State and Nation (University of Tennessee Press, 1984) **C. Vann Woodward, The Origins of the New South, (1951) **Gavin Wright, Old South, New South (New York: Basic Books, 1986)

3 Southern Politics 3 Other readings are available either via MIRLYN or PDF files on the Coursetools site. Also, hard copies of required readings will be available at the University Reserves (in the Shapiro Undergraduate Library). This is not a history course, although you will learn some history along the way. For a good, and brief, overview of recent southern history, I recommend Dewey W. Grantham, The Life and Death of the Solid South: A Political History (Louisville: University of Kentucky Press, 1988). There will be no required readings from this text. GENERAL POLICIES I. Class sessions The class will start at exactly 10:10 and end at 11:30; you must be in lecture on time. Cell phones must silenced for class and may not be used. In general, disruptive behavior conversations, reading a newspaper or texts for other classes will not be tolerated. II. Religious Observances and Other Scheduling Conflicts In keeping with the University of Michigan policy of respecting students religious commitments ( all attempts will be made to accommodate conflicts arising out of religious observances. The following is a list of some major religious and cultural holidays during the semester: Eastern Orthodox Christmas January 7 Id Alabama-Adha Jan. 10 Sankranti Jan. 14 Chinese New Year & Tet Jan. 29 Ash Wednesday March 1 Pesach (Passover) April Baisakhi Apr. 13 Good Friday Apr. 14 Eastern Orthodox Good Friday Apr. 21 This list is not inclusive, and you are encouraged to let the professor know about other religious commitments and holidays. (Documentation may be necessary.) Furthermore, we are aware of and, in principle, sympathetic to the many other pressures students have in their lives and are willing to accommodate reasonable requests for extensions (except in the case of exams) and other issues that involve scheduling conflicts. It is, however, your responsibility to bring conflicts to the professor s attention, and to do so in advance. Student athletes will, in most cases, need a letter from the Athletic Department about the scheduling conflicts. As a rule, no late assignments will be accepted without prior permission except in cases of a documented emergency. III. Academic integrity Plagiarism and cheating are violations of academic integrity and thus violations of the LS&A Academic Conduct Code, and they will result automatically in a failure in the course.

4 Prof. Mickey 4 Furthermore, as the LS&A Academic Judiciary Manual of Procedures specifies, a student may be expelled from the university for academic misconduct. For the purposes of this class, plagiarism will be defined as submitting a piece of work which in part or in whole is not entirely the student's own work without attributing those same portions to their correct source. For more information, see the LSA statement at Meeting the learning objectives in this course requires that you apply your current knowledge and skills to the questions and exercises and, through them, improve that knowledge and those skills. Shortcuts won t get you there, however appealing they might seem. Because of this, the use of commercial study guides such as Cliff Notes, Sparknotes.com, and other similar resources outside this course is considered a violation of academic integrity. You will automatically fail this course if caught using such resources. ADDITIONAL COURSE INFORMATION Disabled student accommodations. If you would like to request academic accommodations due to a disability, please make an appointment to see Prof. Mickey. If you haven t done so already, you are also encouraged to contact Services for Students with Disabilities (SSD), Rm. G-625 Haven Hall 1045, tel (Voice/TTY/TDD). Office hours. You are strongly encouraged to take advantage of Professor Mickey s office hours for any course-related issues. You can also any questions you might have. Course website. Updates of this syllabus, announcements and other course materials will be available at the course website on CourseTools.

5 Southern Politics 5 COURSE CALENDAR This is the calendar of readings and some of the main assignments. Additional assignments, page numbers, and/or changes will be posted on the course website. Thursday, Jan. 5 Tuesday, Jan. 10 Introductory Remarks Finding the South Note: There will be a map quiz at the beginning of class this week. Consult the course website for preparation. V. O. Key, Jr., Of the South, chapter 1 in Southern Politics in State and Nation (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1984 [1949]), [COURSETOOLS] Thurs., Jan. 12 Introduction to Political Development Lucian W. Pye, The Concept of Political Development, in Jason L. Finkle and Richard W. Gable, eds., Political Development and Social Change (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1966), [COURSETOOLS] Dietrich Rueschemeyer, Evelyne Huber Stephens, and John D. Stephens, Capitalist Development and Democracy: A Theoretical Framework, chapter 2 in Capitalist Development and Democracy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992), [COURSETOOLS] Tues., Jan. 17 NO CLASS Thurs., Jan. 19 The South s Antebellum Political Economy Gavin Wright, chapters 1-2 in Old South, New South: Revolutions in the Southern Economy Since the Civil War (New York: Basic Books, 1986), Tues., Jan. 24 Thurs., Jan. 26 NO CLASS The Onset of the Civil War Richard F. Bensel, The Political Economy of Secession and Civil War, chapter 2 in Yankee Leviathan: The Origins of Central State Authority in America, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), Tues., Jan. 31 Reconstruction Eric Foner, Reconstruction, chapters 1-2 (1-76), pp , and chapter 4 ( ). Jon Elster, Class Consciousness and Class Struggle, in his An Introduction to Karl Marx (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), [COURSETOOLS]

6 Prof. Mickey 6 Thurs., February 2 The Demise of Reconstruction and the South s Redemption Eric Foner, Reconstruction, chapter 6 ( ) and chapter 8 ( ). Richard F. Bensel, Yankee Leviathan, , review Gavin Wright, Old South, New South, ch. 2 Tues., Feb. 7 Partisan Chaos and the Birth of 'Southern Democracy', Foner, Reconstruction, chapter 12 and epilogue ( ). Richard M. Valelly, National Parties and Racial Disenfranchisement, in Paul E. Peterson, ed., Classifying By Race (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995), pp [COURSETOOLS] Woodward, Origins of the New South, chapters 1, 3, and 4 (pp. 1-22, ). Thurs., Feb. 9 The Birth of Southern Democracy, Cont d Woodward, Origins of the New South, chapters 8 and 9 (pp ). Skim Gavin Wright, Old South, New South, chapter 4 (especially pp ). Woodward, chapters 12-13, pp MON., FEB. 13 Tues., Feb. 14 FIRST ESSAY DUE AT 5PM VIA Regime Change in the South: The Birth of Authoritarian Enclaves Review (or complete) Woodward readings. Thurs., Feb. 16 The Development and Consequences of One-Party Politics, Cont d V. O. Key, Jr., Southern Politics in State and Nation, Introduction to Part One (15-18), A Note on the Republican Party ( ), Nature and Consequences of One-Party Factionalism ( , ), Party Organization ( ), and state profiles on Virginia, Mississippi, and one additional state of your choice. Tues., Feb. 21 Political Violence: Varieties, Causes and Consequences William F. Holmes, Whitecapping, Agrarian Violence in Mississippi, , Journal of Southern History 35:2 (1969), [MIRLYN]

7 Southern Politics 7 Robert P. Ingalls, Lynching and Establishment Violence in Tampa, , Journal of Southern History 53:4 (1987), [MIRLYN] Thurs., Feb. 23 Black Workers, White Workers, and the Paternalisms of Jim Crow James C Cobb, The Most Southern Place on Earth: The Mississippi Delta and the Roots of Regional Identity (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), 3-6, William Alexander Percy, Lanterns on the Levee: Recollections of a Planter's Son (Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 1973 [1941]), [COURSETOOLS] Jacquelyn Dowd Hall, Robert Korstad, and James Leloudis, Cotton Mill People: Work, Community, and Protest in the Textile South, , American Historical Review 91:2 (1986), [MIRLYN] Bryant Simon, The Appeal of Cole Blease of South Carolina: Race, Class, and Sex in the New South, Journal of Southern History (1996), [MIRLYN] Tues., Feb. 28 and Thurs., March 2 Winter Break No Class Tues., Mar. 7 The Great Depression in the South James C Cobb, The Most Southern Place on Earth: The Mississippi Delta and the Roots of Regional Identity (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), Gavin Wright, The Interwar Years: Assault on the Low-Wage Economy, chapter 7 in Old South, New South, Thurs., Mar. 9 Change Begins: The New Deal and World War II in the South Robert J. Norrell, Labor at the Ballot Box: Alabama Politics from the New Deal to the Dixiecrat Movement, Journal of Southern History 57:2 (1991), [MIRLYN] Ira Katznelson, Kim Geiger, and Daniel Kryder, Limiting Liberalism: The Southern Veto in Congress, , Political Science Quarterly 108:2 (1993), [MIRLYN] Numan V. Bartley, The New South, : The Story of the South's Modernization (Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 1995), 1-37.

8 Prof. Mickey 8 Tues., Mar. 14 Massive Resistance to Federal Interventions, V. O. Key, Jr., The White Primary and Is There a Way Out?, chapters 29 and 31 in Southern Politics, and Numan V. Bartley, The New South, : The Story of the South's Modernization (Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 1995), First, review chapter 1. Thurs., Mar. 16 Southern Insurgency SECOND ESSAY DUE Numan V. Bartley, The Civil Rights Movement and Conflict, Consensus, and Civil Rights, chapters 9-10 in The New South, : The Story of the South's Modernization (Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 1995), Martin Luther King, Jr., Letter from Birmingham City Jail, April 16, 1963, and I Have a Dream, Speech at March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, August 28, [COURSETOOLS] Tues., Mar. 21 Southern Insurgency, Cont d Neil R. McMillen, Black Enfranchisement in Mississippi: Federal Enforcement and Black Protest in the 1960s, Journal of Southern History 43:3 (1977), [MIRLYN] Taylor Branch, Pillar of Fire: America in the King Years, (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1998), , [COURSETOOLS] Thurs., Mar. 23 NO CLASS Tues., Mar. 28 New Laws For a New Day: Consolidating Democracy Jonathan Fox, The Difficult Transition From Clientelism to Citizenship: Lessons From Mexico. World Politics 46:2 (1994), [MIRLYN] Numan V. Bartley, Protest, Politics, and Palliative and The Sunbelt South (chapters 11-12) in The New South, : The Story of the South's Modernization (Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 1995), Thurs., Mar. 30 Democracy-Building: The Case of Mississippi Frank Parker, Mississippi in 1965: The Struggle for the Right to Vote and Mississippi s Massive Resistance to Black Political Empowerment (chapters 1-2) in Black

9 Southern Politics 9 Votes Count: Political Empowerment in Mississippi After 1965 (Chapel Hill: UNC Press, 1990), [COURSETOOLS] James C. Cobb, A Testing Ground for Democracy and Somebody Done Nailed Us on the Cross (chapters 10-11) in The Most Southern Place on Earth: The Mississippi Delta and the Roots of Regional Identity (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), John Dittmer, CDGM and the Politics of Poverty (chapter 16) in Local People: The Struggle for Civil Rights in Mississippi (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994), [COURSETOOLS] Tues., April 4 Causes and Consequences of Different Democratization Processes Robert Price, Race and Reconciliation in the New South Africa, Politics & Society 25:2 (1997), [COURSETOOLS] Review Bartley, Protest, Politics, and Palliative and The Sunbelt South (chapters 11-12) in The New South, Thurs., April 6 Overview of Partisan Change in the New New South THIRD ESSAY DUE (hard copy must be handed in at the beginning of class) Earl Black and Merle Black, The Southern Transformation (ch. 1) in The Rise of Southern Republicans (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2002), [COURSETOOLS] Alexander P. Lamis, The Two-Party South: From the 1960s to the 1990s (ch. 1) in Lamis, ed., Southern Politics in the 1990s (LSU Press, 1999), 1-49 (just skim pp ). [COURSETOOLS] James M. Glaser, The Puzzles of Southern Realignment (ch. 1) in Race, Campaign Politics, and the Realignment in the South (Yale, 1996), [COURSETOOLS] skim: James M. Glaser, Courting White Voters (ch. 4) in Race, Campaign Politics, and the Realignment in the South (Yale, 1996), [COURSETOOLS] Tues., Apr. 11 New Southern Politics, New American Politics Earl Black and Merle Black, Reagan s Realignment of Southern Voters, The Republican Surge and Competitive South, Competitive America (chs. 7, 11, and 12) in The Rise of Southern Republicans (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2002), and [COURSETOOLS]

10 Prof. Mickey 10 Thurs., Apr. 13 Transitional Justice: Politics of Symbols; Unearthing the Past and Punishing Transgressors Jack Hitt, Confederate Semiotics, The Nation (Apr. 28, 1997), [MIRLYN] Sanford Levinson, Written in Stone: Public Monuments in Changing Societies (Durham: Duke University Press, 1998), [COURSETOOLS] Tues., Apr. 18 Summing Up C. Vann Woodward, The Irony of Southern History, in The Burden of Southern History (Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 1993), [COURSETOOLS] Tues., Apr. 18 MOVIE NIGHT (OPTIONAL) (location and time TBA) Hoxie: The First Stand (2002) (approx. 56 minutes) At the River I Stand: Memphis, the 1968 Strike, and Martin Luther King (1993) (approx. 56 minutes) Wed., Apr. 19 Review Session (OPTIONAL) (location and time TBA) Monday, Apr. 24 FOURTH ESSAY DUE AT 5PM (BY )