Intermediate World History B. Unit 10: Age of Democratic Revolutions. Lesson 1: The World Turned Upside Down: The American Revolution Pg.

Transcription

1 Intermediate World History B Unit 10: Age of Democratic Revolutions Lesson 1: The World Turned Upside Down: The American Revolution Pg Lesson 2: The French Revolution Pg Lesson 3: Napoleon: From Revolution to Empire Pg Lesson 5: Latin American Independence Movements Pg Lesson 6: The Russia of the Romanovs Pg Use this help packet as you work through Unit 10. In here you will find: Cornell notes from the chapter A Study Guide Links to videos to help you remember the concepts in this unit.

2 Chapter 1 The World Turned Upside Down: The American Revolution Text pages Summarize the attitude of most colonists toward Britain in 1763 and the reasons for their attitude. They were proud to be British because of the rights and freedoms granted to them for being Englishman. They had also just helped defeat Britain s rival, France, in the French and Indian war. Explain why Parliament imposed taxes after 1763 and why the colonists reacted as they did. Describe the events that led to war between Britain and the colonies. Identify Montesquieu, Locke, Jefferson and their political ideas. Britain needed money to pay for the long fought war against France. Colonists were angry because they were being taxed without having representation in Parliament. Stamp Act (1765): Law that put taxes on printed materials for colonists. Boston Massacre (1768): Colonists battle British troops that had been sent to occupy the city. They threw ice, oyster shells, and garbage at the soldiers. Soldiers opened fire and killed five people. Boston Tea Party (1773): Colonists resented taxes that had been put on tea. They dressed as Native Americans and dumped many crates of tea into the Boston Harbor to protest. Lexington (1775): British soldiers confront colonial militiamen. Colonists refuse to put weapons down, British shoot, kill 8 colonists. Colonists retreat, but attack the next day, driving British soldiers back to Boston. Montesquieu: French philosopher who lived in England. Wrote Spirit of Laws. Three kinds of government: monarchies, republics, and despotic governments. Opposed despotic governments. Best way to protect liberty is to divide government s power among three branches. Locke: British philosopher. Believed that natural law governed the moral order of the universe- life, liberty, ownership of property. Published Two Treatises of Government Jefferson: Wrote Declaration of Independence. Government exists for the benefit of those ruled. All men are created equal. Life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness are rights. People have a right to resist and replace ruler who has become a tyrant. Summarize the arguments Thomas Paine put forth in Common Sense, and their influence on colonial opinion regarding independence. Summarize the main ideas of the Declaration of Independence. Identify George Washington and his contributions to the revolution. Describe the disadvantages the American army faced and the importance of French aid in winning the war. It was against common sense for a small island like Great Britain to rule a gigantic continent like N. America. It was time for the colonies to part ways. Questioned the idea of having a monarchy. Governments exist only by consent of the governed. People have right to life, liberty, pursuit of happiness. King George had become a tyrant, trampled on American rights. Colonists were compelled to separate. Leader of American troops. Led soldiers through grueling winter at Valley Forge and on to important victories. Helped prove Americans could stand up to British on the battlefields. British has German mercanaries, almost twice as many soldiers. British army had more training and discipline. French sent money and weapons to help Americans. Pledged to fight with U.S. until they won. French had a powerful navy, helped colonists win many battles.

3 Chapter 1 The World Turned Upside Down: The American Revolution Text pages Summarize the reasons for a Constitutional Convention in 1787 and its accomplishments. Articles of Confederation was the first document drafted to organize government. It didn t work because it lacked strong central government. Delegates had to meet to draw up a new constitution. Gave more authority to the federal government. Divided power of the federal government among three different branches. This document is one of the oldest governing constitutions and is still in place today.

4 Chapter 2 Liberty, Equality, Fraternity: The French Revolution Text pages Summarize the Enlightenment ideas that promoted revolution in France. People have natural rights. Government should represent the people. Rights should be written in a constitution. Describe the reigns of absolute monarchs in France. Describe the social structure of France and its influence on French life. Summarize the circumstances and events that led to the French Revolution. They were all-powerful, had almost unlimited powers. French society was divided into three estates: clergy, nobles, and commoners. Commoners had very few rights, yet paid very high taxes, and grew angry about this. Commoners resented having few rights and paying high taxes. National Assembly is formed. July 14, 1789: Storming of the Bastille. National Assembly stormed this fortress, killed many, including the governor. National Assembly became governing body of France. Compare the Declaration of the Rights of Man with the Declaration of Independence. Explain the revolutionaries criticisms of the Church. Both drew on concept of natural law and the ideas of John Locke. Men are born free and equal in rights. Lifestyles of excess, while commoners lived in poverty. Describe the events of the Reign of Terror. Period during the revolution when thousands of citizens were executed because they had been labeled as enemies of the revolution. Recognize reforms made by the National Convention. Explain how Napoleon came to power. Free primary education for all boys and girls, equal inheritance for both sons and daughters, abolition of slavery in French colonies. Seized power from the Directory.

5 Chapter 3 Napoleon: Revolution and Empire Text pages Recognize the effects of Napoleon s rule on Europe. Expanded his empire across Europe. Won many victories, defeated allied armies of Austria, Prussia, and Russia. Continental system impacted trade relations. Summarize the major steps in Napoleon s rise to power. Describe Napoleon s reforms and their significance to the people of France. Explain how Napoleon was able to finance wars and win territory. Describe the Continental System and the consequences of imposing the system. Explain the reasons for Napoleon s invasion of Russia and his failure to defeat Russia. Summarize the events that led to Napoleon s defeat at Waterloo. Identify on a map major physical and political features of Europe. Rose through the ranks of the army. Dominated other consuls, made himself consul for life. Had his collaborators proclaim him emperor. Created civil service system that rewarded talent; improved sidewalk, sewers, and water supply in Paris; a unified legal system; new markets and quays along the Seine; a new system of roads; new theaters; and efficient postal service; improved schools He had mandatory military service, citizen soldiers. Used economic blockade to impact trade in Europe. A trade blockade designed to keep nations from trading with Britain. To enforce the system he invaded the Iberian peninsula, as the Spanish and Portugese had continued to trade with Britain. This battle weakened Napoleon and deprived him of soldiers that could have been used in other places. Russians refused to meet the French in battle. French retreated before the advancing invaders, burning their own villages and fields to prevent the French from finding food. Several powers (Austria, Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Sweden) formed an alliance and rushed to defeat him. Drove Napoleon s troops out of Germany, invaded France. Napoleon had no choice but to surrender his throne. Examine the map on page 392 of your text. Locate Spain, Portugal, France, Germany, Italy, and the Russian Empire. Locate the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea.

6 Chapter 4 Latin American Independence Movements Text pages Describe the social and political structure of Latin American colonies in King of Spain still had tight grip on colonies. Spanish born peninsulares carried out king s will. Much of wealth of the new world flowed back to Spain. Spanish colonists grew to resent this. Identify significant leaders of 19 th century Latin American independence movements and their accomplishments and failings. Explain why attempts to establish republics in Latin America were less successful than in the United States. Identify major physical, political, and cultural features of Latin America. Miranda:Led early movement to liberate Venezuela from Spanish rule. Army was poorly trained and ill equipped. Bolívar: Hailed by people as The Liberator. Helped to liberate Venezuela, Colombia, Peru. His troops were loyal to Spain, fought back and recovered liberated territory. San Martín: Spanish army officer who tried to liberate Argentina, Chile, Peru. Served as Protector of Peru after independence. Had to lead army across Andes. Hidalgo: Creole priest who tried to liberate Mexico. Revered as the father of Mexican independence. Had a disorderly revolutionary army. North American colonies had united to form a single nation, Latin America split into many different nations. The United States had a representative democracy for its free citizens, Latin American colonies fell under rule of military strongmen. In Latin America, Spanish had exercised strict control, in N. America the colonists were able to retain much self-rule while under British rule. Examine map on page 402 of text.

7 Chapter 5 The Russia of the Romanovs Text pages Describe how Russia differed from western Europe in the 16 th and 17 th centuries and explain why. Russia was isolative, and considered backwards compared to western Europe. They sent out few explorers, did not embrace new technology or political ideas. Lack of warm water seaport made trade and communication with western Europe very difficult. Russia continued to practice serfdom, though most of Europe had stopped the practice. Describe the social structure of Russian society. Serfs: peasants bound by law to the land upon which they worked Boyar: Russian noble Table of Ranks: social status depended upon service in the government or army Identify Peter the Great. Tsar of Russia, assumed the throne in Of the Romanov family. Made many reforms to try to pull Russia into the modern world. Reformed the government and Church, insisted on Western dress, built roads and canals. Modernized the army. Locate on a map the city of St. Petersburg and the boundaries of Russia. Examine map on page 418 of textbook. Locate St. Petersburg. Notice southern border with Asia, western borders with various European countries. Recognize the significance of warm water ports for Russia. Identify Catherine the Great. Describe the lives of Russia s serfs. Lack of warm water ports made trade and communication with western Europe very difficult. Empress of Russia, came to the throne in Worked to modernize Russia. Encouraged industry and trade with Europe. Built roads. Improved education, especially for girls. Proposed new code of laws- Catherine s Instruction. Very poor. Lived in single-room cabins made of logs or clay. Owned no land. Had very few rights. Paid high taxes. Identify Alexander I. Catherine the Great s grandson, took Russian throne in Lifted ban on foreign books, reopened private publishing houses, freed political prisoners, lifted ban on foreign travel, worked to improve the education system. Describe the Decembrist Uprising. Army staged a rebellion against Nicholas I, demanding end to serfdom. Cannons launched rebels killed. Russia s attempted revolution failed.

8 Unit 10: Age of Democratic Revolutions Assessment Study Guide This guide will allow you to test your knowledge as you are studying for the Unit 10 Assessment. Quiz yourself or have someone else quiz you to test your knowledge before you take the test. If you can t answer a question, go back to your textbook or notes to look up the information Summarize Enlightenment ideas that promoted revolution in France. Recognize the effects of Napoleon's rule on Europe. Describe the social and political structure of Latin American colonies in Describe how Russia differed from western Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and explain why. Summarize the attitude of most colonists toward Britain in 1763 and the reasons for their attitude. Describe the social structure of France and its influence on French life. Describe the reigns of absolute monarchs in France. Compare the Declaration of the Rights of Man with the Declaration of Independence. Summarize the circumstances and events that led to the French Revolution. Describe the events of the Reign of Terror. Explain the revolutionaries' criticisms of the Church. Identify major positions of the political spectrum. Recognize reforms made by the National Convention. Explain how Napoleon came to power. Identify on a map major physical and political features of Europe. Summarize the events that led to Napoleon's final defeat at Waterloo. Summarize the major steps in Napoleon's rise to power. Describe the Continental System and the consequences of imposing the system. Explain the reasons for Napoleon's invasion of Russia and his failure to defeat Russia. Describe Napoleon's reforms and their significance to the people of France. Explain how Napoleon was able to finance wars and win territory. Identify major physical, political, and cultural features of Latin America. Identify significant leaders of nineteenth century Latin American independence movements and their accomplishments and failings.

9 Explain why attempts to establish republics in Latin America were less successful than in the United States. Recognize the significance of warm water ports for Russia. Locate on a map the city of St. Petersburg and the boundaries of Russia. Identify Peter the Great. Describe the social structure of Russian society. Describe the Decembrist Uprising. Identify Alexander I. Describe the lives of Russia's serfs. Identify Catherine the Great. Demonstrate mastery of important knowledge and skills in this unit. Recognize major causes and events of the French Revolution. Identify key figures in the Latin American independence movements and their accomplishments. Identify Napoleon and his primary accomplishments and failures. Summarize major ideas and the significance of key documents of the American Revolution and Republic. Recognize major causes, events, and results of the American Revolution. Explain major differences between Russia and western Europe in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Identify Peter the Great, Catherine the Great, and Alexander I and their goals, accomplishments, and failures. Identify the U.S. Constitution as the world's oldest functioning written constitution. Describe the events that led to war between Britain and the colonies. Explain why Parliament imposed taxes after 1763 and why the colonists reacted as they did. Summarize the arguments Thomas Paine put forth in Common Sense, and their influence on colonial opinion regarding independence. Identify Montesquieu, Locke, and Jefferson and their political ideas. Identify George Washington and his contributions to the revolution. Summarize the major ideas of the Declaration of Independence. Summarize the reasons for a Constitutional Convention in 1787 and its accomplishments. Describe the disadvantages the American army faced and the importance of French aid in winning the war. Review historical events.

10 Unit 10: Age of Democratic Revolutions Video Links: The American Revolution (School House Rock Video): The Shot Heard Around the World (Episode of the TV Show Liberty s Kids) Impact of the American Revolution: Beginning of The French Revolution: Robespierre and the Reign of Terror: Story of Napoleon (cartoon video): Catherine the Great (song to the tune of Lady Gaga s Poker Face): Documentary about Peter the Great: Intermediate World History B