The Nixon Administration and Foreign Affairs,

Transcription

1 An Index to the Microfilm Edition of The Nixon Administration and Foreign Affairs, Part 1: White House Central Files Section 1: Foreign Affairs Subject File Primary Source Media

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3 The Nixon Administration and Foreign Affairs, Part 1: White House Central Files Section 1: Foreign Affairs Subject File Guide Compiled by Daniel Piper Primary Source Media

4 Primary Source Media The Nixon Administration and Foreign Affairs, Part 1: White House Central Files, Section 1: Foreign Affairs Subject File Compilation 2009 Primary Source Media ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher. For product information, contact us at Gale Customer Support, For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests via online at ISBN: Primary Source Media 12 Lunar Drive, Woodbridge, CT Tel: (800) and (203) Fax: (203) P.O. Box 45, Reading, England Tel (+ 44) Fax: (+ 44) Visit the Primary Source Media website at gale.cengage.com/psm Visit Gale online at gale.cengage.com Visit our corporate website at Cover Photograph: Meeting in the Oval Office with Rep. Gerald Ford regarding his nomination as Vice President, with Secretary of State Kissinger and Chief of Staff Alexander Haig. October 13, (WHPO E ) Photograph courtesy of the Richard M. Nixon Presidential Library. Printed in the United States of America

5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Scope and Content. ix Source Note xv Editorial Note... xv Reel Index Reel 1 EX FO Foreign Affairs. 1 Reel 2 EX FO Foreign Affairs cont.. 2 Reel 3 EX FO Foreign Affairs cont. 3 GEN FO Foreign Affairs [General].. 4 Reel 4 GEN FO Foreign Affairs [General] cont. 4 Reel 5 GEN FO Foreign Affairs [General] cont.. 5 Reel 6 GEN FO Foreign Affairs [General] cont.. 6 Reel 7 EX FO 1 Buildings - Grounds... 7 GEN FO 1 Buildings - Grounds [General].. 7 EX FO 2 Diplomatic - Consular Relations Reel 8 EX FO 2 Diplomatic - Consular Relations cont... 8 Reel 9 EX FO 2 Diplomatic - Consular Relations cont GEN FO 2 Diplomatic - Consular Relations [General].. 10 EX FO 2/A Diplomatic - Consular Relations: Nominations and Appointments 10 Reel 10 EX FO 2/CO Diplomatic - Consular Relations: Countries ( ) 11 Reel 11 EX FO 2/CO Diplomatic - Consular Relations: Countries ( ) cont. 12 Reel 12 EX FO 2/CO Diplomatic - Consular Relations: Countries ( ) cont iii

6 Reel 13 EX FO 2/CO Diplomatic - Consular Relations: Countries ( ) cont EX FO 2/CO Diplomatic - Consular Relations: Countries ( ) 15 Reel 14 EX FO 2/CO Diplomatic - Consular Relations: Countries ( ) cont 16 Reel 15 EX FO 2/CO Diplomatic - Consular Relations: Countries ( ) cont 17 EX FO 2/CO Diplomatic - Consular Relations: Countries ( ) 18 Reel 16 EX FO 2/CO Diplomatic - Consular Relations: Countries ( ) cont 18 Reel 17 EX FO 2/CO Diplomatic - Consular Relations: Countries ( ) cont 19 GEN FO 2/CO EX FO 2/CO Diplomatic - Consular Relations: Countries [General] 19 Reel 18 GEN FO 2/CO Diplomatic - Consular Relations: Countries [General] cont 20 Reel 19 EX FO 2/CO/A Diplomatic - Consular Relations: Countries Ambassadorial Appointments and Resignations ( ) 21 Reel 20 EX FO 2/CO/A Diplomatic - Consular Relations: Countries Ambassadorial Appointments and Resignations ( ) cont.. 23 EX FO 2/CO/A Diplomatic - Consular Relations: Countries Ambassadorial Appointments and Resignations ( ) EX FO 2/CO/A Diplomatic - Consular Relations: Countries Ambassadorial Appointments and Resignations ( ) Reel 21 EX FO 2/CO/A Diplomatic - Consular Relations: Countries Ambassadorial Appointments and Resignations ( ) cont GEN FO 2/CO/A Diplomatic - Consular Relations: Countries Ambassadorial Appointments and Resignations [General].. 27 Reel 22 GEN FO 2/CO/A Diplomatic - Consular Relations: Countries Ambassadorial Appointments and Resignations [General] cont 27 EX FO 2-1 Personal or Special Rank of Ambassador or Minister.. 27 GEN FO 2-1 Personal or Special Rank of Ambassador or Minister [General] 27 EX FO 3 Economic - Technical Development. 27 GEN FO 3 Economic - Technical Development [General]. 28 EX FO 3-1 International Waterways 28 GEN FO 3-1 International Waterways [General]. 28 iv

7 Reel 23 GEN FO 3-1 International Waterways [General] cont 29 EX FO 3-1 International Waterways GEN FO 3-1 International Waterways [General] 29 EX FO 3-1/A-Z International Waterways: Projects, A-Z.. 29 Reel 24 EX FO 3-1/A-Z International Waterways: Projects, A-Z cont 30 GEN FO 3-1/A-Z International Waterways: Projects, A-Z [General] 30 EX FO 3-1/A-Z International Waterways: Subjects, A-Z.. 30 EX FO 3-2 Mutual Security Reel 25 EX FO 3-2 Mutual Security cont Reel 26 EX FO 3-2 Mutual Security cont Reel 27 EX FO 3-2 Mutual Security cont Reel 28 EX FO 3-2 Mutual Security cont Reel 29 EX FO 3-2 Mutual Security cont GEN FO 3-2 Mutual Security [General] EX FO 3-2/CO Mutual Security: Countries Reel 30 EX FO 3-2/CO Mutual Security: Countries cont Reel 31 EX FO 3-2/CO Mutual Security: Countries cont GEN FO 3-2/CO Mutual Security: Countries [General] 37 Reel 32 GEN FO 3-2/CO Mutual Security: Countries [General] cont Reel 33 GEN FO 3-2/CO Mutual Security: Countries [General] cont. 38 EX FO Alliance for Progress GEN FO Alliance for Progress [General].. 39 EX FO 4 Financial Relations.. 39 Reel 34 EX FO 4 Financial Relations cont GEN FO 4 Financial Relations [General] EX FO 4-1 Balance of Payments v

8 Reel 35 EX FO 4-1 Balance of Payments cont EN FO 4-1 Balance of Payments [General] Reel 36 EX FO 4-2 Loan Funds 42 GEN FO 4-2 Loans-Funds [General].. 43 Reel 37 GEN FO 4-2 Loans-Funds [General] cont.. 43 EX FO 4-3 International Investments.. 43 Reel 38 EX FO 4-3 International Investments cont Reel 39 EX FO 4-3 International Investments cont GEN FO 4-3 International Investments [General].. 44 Reel 40 GEN FO 4-3 International Investments [General] cont EX FO 5 Information - Exchange Activities Reel 41 EX FO 5 Information - Exchange Activities cont GEN FO 5 Information - Exchange Activities [General] EX FO 5-1 Educational Reel 42 EX FO 5-1 Educational cont GEN FO 5-1 Educational [General] Reel 43 GEN FO 5-1 Educational [General] cont EX FO 5-2 Scientific - Cultural - Business Exchange Activities 49 Reel 44 EX FO 5-2 Scientific - Cultural - Business Exchange Activities cont 49 GEN FO 5-2 Scientific - Cultural - Business Exchange Activities [General] Reel 45 GEN FO 5-2 Scientific - Cultural - Business Exchange Activities [General] cont Reel 46 GEN FO 5-2 Scientific - Cultural - Business Exchange Activities [General] cont EX FO 5-3 Publicity, International.. 51 Reel 47 EX FO 5-3 Publicity, International cont GEN FO 5-3 Publicity, International [General].. 52 vi

9 Reel 48 GEN FO 5-3 Publicity, International [General] cont EX FO Foreign Publications GEN FO Foreign Publications [General].. 54 Reel 49 GEN FO Foreign Publications [General] cont EX FO 6 International Conferences GEN FO 6 International Conferences [General] EX FO 6-1 Paris Peace Talks (re: Vietnam).. 55 GEN FO 6-1 Paris Peace Talks (re: Vietnam) [General] Reel 50 GEN FO 6-1 Paris Peace Talks (re: Vietnam) [General] cont GEN FO 6-2 Meeting between President Nixon and President of South Vietnam Thieu at Midway Islands [General] EX FO 6-2 Meeting between President Nixon and President of South Vietnam Thieu at Midway Islands.. 56 EX FO 6-2 Salt Talks (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks) Vienna, Austria 56 GEN FO 6-2 Salt Talks (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks) Vienna, Austria [General] 56 EX FO 6-3 Indochina Peace Conference GEN FO 6-3 Indochina Peace Conference [General] EX FO 6-3 International Energy Problems, Washington, DC 56 GEN FO 6-3 International Energy Problems, Washington, DC [General] 57 EX FO 7 International Law Reel 51 EX FO 7 International Law cont GEN FO 7 International Law [General] EX FO 8 International Travel Reel 52 EX FO 8 International Travel cont.. 58 Reel 53 EX FO 8 International Travel cont Reel 54 EX FO 8 International Travel cont Reel 55 EX FO 8 International Travel cont Reel 56 EX FO 8 International Travel cont Reel 57 EX FO 8 International Travel cont Reel 58 EX FO 8 International Travel cont vii

10 Reel 59 EX FO 8 International Travel cont GEN FO 8 International Travel [General] Reel 60 GEN FO 8 International Travel [General] cont 64 Reel 61 GEN FO 8 International Travel [General] cont 65 Reel 62 GEN FO 8 International Travel [General] cont 65 Reel 63 GEN FO 8 International Travel [General] cont.. 66 EX FO 8-1 Letters of Introduction.. 66 Reel 64 EX FO 8-1 Letters of Introduction cont.. 67 GEN FO 8-1 Letters of Introduction [General] GEN FO 8-2 Passports-Visas [General].. 68 Reel 65 EX FO 8-2 Passports-Visas EX FO 9 Treaties Reel 66 EX FO 9 Treaties cont. 69 GEN FO 9 Treaties [General].. 69 Subject Index. 71 viii

11 SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE This microfilm collection details the worldview of foreign policy during the administration of Richard M. Nixon. This collection chronicles the realism that both President Nixon and his policy advisers used in mentally ordering the world and in formulating policy. It highlights the diplomacy that the Nixon administration employed to achieve Vietnamization, détente, and other objectives. It reveals worries about U.S. power and American credibility, while tracing the construction of the Nixon Doctrine to meet perceived challenges. Policy-making Reforms Before the realist Weltanschauung of President Nixon and his national security advisor, Henry Kissinger could function, policymakers needed to analyze, plan, and identify the nation s capabilities, interests, and objectives. Since bureaucratization hindered the thoughtful, yet agile, approach to statecraft favored by the president and his national security advisor, reforming the policymaking process emerged as one of their key goals. This documentary collection outlines the reform of America s foreign policymaking. They show how foreign policy decisions moved almost entirely into the hands of Nixon and his national security advisor. Foundations of Diplomacy This collection provides the intellectual and practical foundations for Nixon s policy formulation. Realism, triangular diplomacy, and linkage-making provided President Nixon with an understanding of world strategy and a negotiating approach that fueled his pursuit of détente and accommodation. Common wisdom within the administration held that the Sino- Soviet split, Soviet-American strategic parity, and certain challenges facing the Kremlin within its own sphere of influence had combined to create a situation in which a lessening of Cold War tensions was in the interest of both nations. The following are examples of Nixon s diplomatic foundations at work and are included in this collection: Realism détente produced dramatic results in May 1972 with the Moscow Summit, where the United States and the Soviet Union signed the first Strategic Arms Limitation agreement. Triangular diplomacy the deepening Sino-Soviet split and the emergence of China as a global power presented the Nixon administration with an opportunity to establish relations with the PRC which, by serving as a counterweight to the Soviet Union, would provide additional leverage for extracting concessions from Moscow. Linkage-making Nixon and Kissinger went to great lengths to link progress on détente and SALT to the Kremlin s willingness to press its client in Hanoi to negotiate an end to the fighting in Vietnam. The White House Central Files and the FO Subject Category The FO subject category in the White House Central Files contains materials pertaining to international relations and the plans, policies, procedures and programs concerning foreign countries of governments, such as the administration of foreign affairs, economic development, mutual security and foreign information and exchange activities. Frequent correspondents include President Nixon, Rose Mary Woods, Henry Kissinger and other National Security Council Staff members such as Gen. Alexander Haig, Jeanne Davis, Harold Saunders, Helmut Sonnenfeldt, ix

12 Brig. Gen. Brent Scowcroft, Robert Houdek, John Holdridge and Richard Solomon; Peter Flanigan, Peter Peterson, David Parker, H. R. Haldeman, Herbert Klein, Frank Shakespeare, Henry Kearns, Dwight Chapin, George Shultz, William Timmons, James Keogh, William Rogers and Theodore Eliot, Jr. The Executive file category within this subject file includes the correspondence of the President, White House Staff and Administration officials with heads of state, members of Congress, business, patriotic, and special interest organizations; school groups, entertainers, political party members and the general public concerning foreign policies, business ventures or travel. The General file category mainly contains correspondence of the President and White House Staff with members of Congress and the general public, however, many of the same correspondents and subjects are found in both file categories. Some of the files are subdivided alphabetically by name or subject (/A-Z), numerically by country (/CO #) or by job appointment (/A). FO Foreign Affairs This category mainly contains articles, briefings and speeches relating to foreign policy by the President, Henry Kissinger, Roy Ash, Peter Peterson, the President's Advisory Council on Executive Organization (PACEO) and others. Correspondents include: The National Council of Churches, William Kinter of the Foreign Policy Research Institute, Samuel Gottleib of the National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy (SANE) and Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia. There is also correspondence concerning the Lithuanian seaman defector Simas Kurdika. FO 1 Buildings - Grounds Materials relating to the acquisition, construction, operation and maintenance of delegations and embassies of the United States and foreign countries, and the expense accounts of ambassadors are found in this category. Topics include the protection of embassies in Washington, D.C. by the Executive Protective Service and the District of Columbia Metropolitan Police and the closing of the United States Embassy in Salisbury, Rhodesia. FO 2 Diplomatic - Consular Relations Materials in this category pertain to the appointments of Ambassadors, consular officials and Foreign Service Officers; Presidential messages to and replies from ambassadors and heads of state. Included is routine Presidential and White House Staff correspondence, memoranda and reports concerning United States foreign policy objectives, the state of the union, Cambodia, Presidential Christmas greetings, and visits of Administration officials and others requiring special attention. Nominations and appointments of Foreign Service Officers are found in the category FO 2/A. Materials relating to specific countries are filed numerically in the category FO 2/CO. This file includes correspondence to and from Ambassadors, designations of Special Representatives of the United States to participate in negotiations or ceremonies, reports of visits to foreign countries by Administration officials and others, and guest lists of White House dinners and other ceremonies which include foreign heads of state. Materials concerning ambassadorial appointments and resignations can be found in the category FO 2/CO/A. FO 2-1 Personal or Special Rank of Ambassador Materials in this category concern the designations of temporary titles such as "Special Ambassador" for Administration officials and appointees while participating as United States representatives in international organizations, negotiations and celebrations, including SALT, the United Nations Paris meetings concerning peace in Vietnam, Cameroon independence, and the Japan World Exposition of x

13 FO 3 Economic - Technical Development This category contains materials relating to United States government and private industry participation in the economic and technical development of foreign countries. Included are materials concerning the President's briefing on international economic policy to bi-partisan Congressional leaders on July 22, 1971, the Peace Corps Advisory Council, Project Concern, the National Export Expansion Council of the Department of Commerce, the Agency for International Development, the Ash Council and the proposed U.S.-Mitsubishi Research Institute. FO 3-1 International Waterways Materials concerning boundaries, flood control, bank protection, water supply power, irrigation, boundary demarcation, sanitation projects and international fisheries can be found in this category. Further information is filed alphabetically by project or subject in the category FO 3-1/A-Z. Among the subjects in this file are international fishing problems, the Darien Gap portion of the Pan-American Highway, the Panama Canal and seizures of United States ships by foreign governments. FO 3-2 Mutual Security This category includes information concerning foreign aid, military and technical assistance and lend-lease programs. Materials found in the Executive category concern annual reports on the Food for Peace Program (P.L. 480), the Foreign Assistance Acts of 1969 (H.R ) and 1973 (S. 1443), the Agency for International Development (AID), the Cooper-Church Amendment to the Foreign Military Sales Act and the Civil Reserve Air Fleet. The General category includes correspondence from members of Congress, scholars, charitable and foreign policy research organizations and the general public concerning AID, foreign aid to Israel, Bangladesh, North Vietnam, Biafra and Nigeria, and the sale of military aircraft to Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. FO Alliance For Progress This category contains materials relating to Alliance for Progress programs, including the Partners of the Alliance programs of Vermont with Honduras and of Massachusetts with Columbia. FO 4 Financial Relations This category includes materials concerning international monetary and financial organizations and issues such as the international monetary crisis, inflation, the balance of payments deficit, the International Economic Policy Act of 1972, the International Monetary Fund and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development of the United Nations. FO 4-1 Balance Of Payments Among the materials in this category are weekly reports on international finance by the Council of Economic Advisors, quarterly reports on the United States balance of payments, and reports concerning the rise and fall of foreign currencies and gold prices. FO 4-2 Loans - Funds Materials in the Executive category concern loans to foreign countries from the United States government, the Export-Import Bank of the United States and the International Monetary Fund. There are also materials relating to the Cabinet Committee on Economic Policy, the Inter- American Savings and Loan Conference, the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and Occidental Oil Company. The General category includes correspondence from United States agriculture and business interests supporting or opposing various foreign development loans. xi

14 FO 4-3 International Developments Numbered case file documents from the Council on International Economic Policy and materials concerning foreign investment insurance, the Overseas Private Investment Corporation, proposed taxation of foreign source income, foreign investments in the United States and expropriations of American-owned businesses in Iraq, Guyana, Pakistan, India, Libya and Peru are found in this category. FO 5 Information - Exchange Activities This category includes materials on business conferences, academic exchanges, and requests for assistance in traveling to the Peoples' Republic of China (PRC). Also found in this category are Fiscal Year reports on programs authorized by the Mutual Educational and Exchange Act of 1961, the 8th Annual Report by the United States Information Agency on Special International Exhibitions, and correspondence concerning the Voluntary Visitors Program of the State Department. FO 5-1 Educational Materials concerning student exchanges, including Fulbright scholarships, Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships, the Hearst newspaper's Junior Diplomats program and the President's Australian Science scholars are found in this category. FO 5-2 Scientific - Cultural - Business Exchange Activities This category contains materials concerning proposed exchanges with foreign countries, especially Japan, Eastern Europe, the U.S.S.R. and the P.R.C. Among the proposed events are art exhibits, folk dances, musical and theater performances, athletic contests, academic and medical conferences, school group tours, and trade exchanges. FO 5-3 Publicity, International Contained in this category are materials relating to publicity in foreign newspapers, radio and television concerning the President and United States policies. These include foreign press photographers' and correspondents' visits to the White House, foreign media requests to interview President Nixon, Henry Kissinger and other Administration officials, and reports on foreign media reactions by the United States Information Agency and the Foreign Broadcast Information Service. FO Foreign Publications White House Staff responses to foreign magazine interview requests and acknowledgments of foreign and United States foreign language publications sent to the President are found in this category. FO 6 International Conferences This category contains materials concerning official meetings of chiefs of state or their representatives. International meetings of private citizens such as the proposed International Youth Conference, the World Congress of Peace Forces in Moscow, the YMCA Conference on Human and Urban Renewal in Sweden, and the Amsterdam Athletic Conference are also found in this category. FO 6-1 Paris Peace Talks This category includes correspondence from Johnson Administration officials Cyrus Vance, Averill Harriman and Sargent Shriver. Topics covered include United Nations Secretary Kurt Waldheim's offer to assist in negotiations, the Non-Aligned Summit Conference in Susaka, Zambia; the Vietnam negotiations, suggested negotiator appointments and the problem of xii

15 obtaining information from the North Vietnamese concerning American servicemen missing-inaction (MIA) in the Vietnam War. FO 6-2 Meeting between President Nixon and President Thieu at Midway Islands 6/8/69 Schedules, news inquiries, and correspondence from members of Congress and the general public relating to the meeting and United States troop withdrawal from Vietnam are among the materials in this category. FO 6-2 Salt Talks (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks) Vienna, Austria [ ] Materials in this category include correspondence from Dean Rusk, David Bruce, Philip Habib, the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, members of Congress and the general public concerning the announcement of SALT Delegation Two, the resignation of Paul Nitze from the SALT Delegation, the SALT negotiations, and the Anti-Ballistic Missile (AMB) Safeguard defense system. FO 6-3 Indochina Peace Conference (Proposed in 10/7/70 Speech) This category includes the correspondence of Herbert Klein, Noble Melencamp and Colonel James Hughes in response to letters from the general public concerning the Vietnam War and the MIA problem. FO 6-3 International Energy Problems, Washington, D.C., February 11, 1974 Materials in this category relate to the President's proposal for a meeting of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and major industrial oil consumer nations. Correspondence from heads of state are included in the files. FO 7 International Law This category contains topics relating to international legal problems such as extradition, copyrights and taxes, world court procedures and law of the sea. Topics in this file include foreign jurists' meetings, the Vienna Convention of Consular Relations, the annual meeting of the American Society of International Law (1971), the United Nations International Law Commission, the Seabed Meeting of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (July 24, 1974), the Council on International Economic Policy draft on the Law of the Sea, and the Law of the Sea Conference (1974). FO 8 Letters of Introduction This category pertains to trips of administration officials and designated representatives, members of Congress, business, cultural and patriotic organizations, and private citizens for the purposes of diplomacy, business and trade, cultural exchange or personal pleasure. Many of the documents concern travel to North and South Vietnam, the PRC, Eastern Europe and the USSR. The files include materials concerning the Goodwill Tours of the Apollo Astronauts, Gov. Nelson Rockefeller's Latin American Trip, Leonard Garment's meeting with Golda Mier, Peter Flanigan's meeting with the Pope, and Mrs. Nixon's tour of Peru. Among the many individuals and groups mentioned in the files are Duke Ellington, George Jessel, Rev. Ralph Abernathy, the Venceremos Brigade (United States citizens who harvested sugar cane in Cuba), Lowell Thomas, Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi of Iran, King Mohammed Zahir Shah of Afghanistan, Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia, Maurice Stands, Donald Kendall for the Emergency Committee for American Trade (ECAT), Armand Hammer, the Citizens' Committee for Peace and Freedom in Vietnam, Chairman Glenn Seaborg of the United States Atomic Energy Commission, the President's Fact-Finding Committee on South Vietnam, Dr. Arthur Burns, Rev. Billy Graham, John Volpe, Mahalia Jackson, Clifford Hardin, Curtis Tarr, Ralph Nader, Cardinal Terrance Cooke, the American Youth for a Just Peace, the National Student Coordinating Committee for xiii

16 Freedom in Vietnam and South East Asia, David Kennedy, the Veterans of Foreign Wars, the American Legion, Henry Kearns, Gov. Ronald Reagan, Pearl Bailey, Sir Robert Thompson, and Lucy Johnson Nugent. Correspondence from United States citizens about the See USA program is also found in the files. FO 8-1 Letters of Introduction This category concerns requests for and the issuance of letters of introduction from the President and Henry Kissinger to heads of state, other foreign officials and United States embassies. Requestors include White House and Administration officials, members of Congress, newspaper editors, political party supporters, acquaintances, businessmen and youth groups. Topics in this category include the National Association of Colored Women s Clubs trip to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mr. and Mrs. Norman Vincent Peale's trip to Asia and Europe, George Bush's trip to Africa, and the American Newspaper Carriers' meeting with Romanian President Ceausescu. FO 8-2 Passports - Visas Materials concerning the passports and visas of White House Staff and Administration officials, members of Congress, Special Representatives of the President, scholars, private industry representatives and private citizens are found in this category. There are numerous requests for assistance in obtaining the permission of Chinese officials to visit the P.R.C. and comments about the District of Columbia Court of Appeals decision in Woodward vs. Rogers, which concerned the State Department's elimination of the Loyalty Oath on United States passport applications. FO 9 Treaties This file contains materials relating to the Senate ratification, Presidential signing and the publication of United States treaties with foreign countries and international organizations concerning matters of defense, cultural exchanges, trade agreements, natural resources, taxes, extradition and copyrights. Among the subjects of the treaties are the Okinawa reversion, the Darien Gap portion of the Ballistic Missile system, SALT, nuclear non-proliferation, biological warfare, the Red Cross Conference on International Humanitarian Law and the United Nations Genocide Convention. xiv

17 SOURCE & EDITORIAL NOTE The documents reproduced in this publication are records of Richard M. Nixon in the custody of the Richard M. Nixon Presidential Library. This publication consists of the open and declassified documents from the White House Central Files, Subject Series, FO (Foreign Affairs) Category. All available documents have been filmed in their entirety. xv

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19 REEL INDEX The following index is a guide to the folders and contents of the microfilm publication entitled The Nixon Administration and Foreign Affairs, , Part 1: White House Central Files, Section 1: Foreign Affairs Subject File. The Reel Index includes the folder number, folder title, and a listing of the major subjects. The documents within each folder have been filmed as they are arranged at the Library. REEL 1 EX FO Foreign Affairs [1] EX FO Begin (12/3/68)-1/7/69 Major subjects: Arms control and nuclear disarmament; Atlantic Council; Détente; National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy (SANE); Nuclear Non-Proliferation treaty; Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia; Soviet dissidents; USSR. [2] EX FO 1/8/69-3/12/69 Major subjects: 1969 Inaugural address; Arms control and nuclear non-proliferation; East-West Economic Competition; International economic and monetary policy; National Council of Churches of Christ; NATO; China, People s Republic of; Presidential press conferences; Western European security Arrangements; Vietnam War. [3] EX FO 3/13/69-5/19/69 Major subjects: Stanley Hoffman and Active Self Restraint ; Vietnam War; U.S. defense policy in the Middle East and Mediterranean. [4] EX FO 5/20/69-8/31/69 Major subjects; Germany, Federal Republic of; U.S. foreign economic aid/assistance; Stuart Symington; Brookings Institute foreign policy studies program; S.R. 205; China, People s Republic of; Fritz Kraemer and public opinion; Robert E. Osgood; Containment policy; Definition of national interest; Cold War; Less Developed Countries (LDC); Détente; Vietnam War; Sino-Soviet split; NATO; Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT); Arms control; Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty; Asia; Middle East; Trade; International economic and monetary policy; European Economic Community; United Nations. [5] EX FO 9/1/69-12/31/69 Major subjects: Ballistic Missile Defense Systems; ICBM; Multiple Independently targetable Re-Entry Vehicles (MIRVs); Ballistic Missile Defense Systems (BMD); Sanctions on Rhodesia; Chrome trade; Africa and CONEX war game report; Africa and East-West competition; Asian reaction to Nixon's Vietnam policy; Ballistic Missile Defense Systems (BMD); Biological and chemical weapons research; Center for International Affairs Fellows; China, People's Republic of; CONEX; Conference on American Foreign Policy in the 1970's; Conflict control strategy; Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia; Cultural diplomacy and Dahl, Arlene; Defense policy, U.S. and conventional forces; Deterrence; EPSILON; European security Arrangements; Foreign economic aid/assistance, U.S.; Japan; Latin America; Less Developed Countries 1

20 (LDC); foreign policy recommendations for LDCs; conflict control strategy and LDCs; News media/press, U.S. and Padev, Mike; California Assembly resolution on trade with Communist nations; Treaties with USSR; Vietnam; War games and conflict control strategy. [6] EX FO 1/1/70-4/8/70 Major subjects: AFL-CIO statements on U.S. foreign policy; United Nations Association of the United States; Backgrounder briefings on public relations. [7] EX FO 4/9/1970 [8] EX FO 4/10/70-7/19/70 Major subjects: Cooper-Church Amendment; Task Force on International Development; United Nations Association of the United States and Goldberg panel report; Pacific Basin Economic Cooperation Council. [9] EX FO 07/20/1970 (1 of 2) Major subject: Cambodia. REEL 2 EX FO Foreign Affairs cont. [10] EX FO 07/20/1970 (2 of 2) Major subjects: Cambodia; Middle East; television interview with Nixon, 7/1/70; Vietnam War and negotiations; Vietnamization. [11] EX FO 7/21/70-7/31/70 Major subject: Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Jerusalem. [12] EX FO 8/1/70-8/31/70 Major subjects: Council of International Economic Policy; Office of International Economic Policy; Foreign policy and U.S. missionaries; Background briefings on U.S. news media/press; tariff negotiating authority; President's Advisory Council on Executive Organization and foreign economic policy. [13] EX FO 9/1/70-9/30/70 [Empty] [14] EX FO 10/1/70-10/31/70 Major subjects: Executive powers; administration briefings on public relations; S.R. 85. [15] EX FO 11/1/70-12/31/70 (1 of 3) Major subjects: Former Members of Congress, Inc. and foreign policy briefing; Lithuanian Seaman Case and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; President's Annual Review. [16] EX FO 11/1/70-12/31/70 (2 of 3) Major subjects: Lithuanian Seaman Case and Kurdika, Simas. 2

21 [17] EX FO 11/1/70-12/31/70 (3 of 3) Major subjects: Lithuanian Seaman Case and public opinion. [18] EX FO 1/1/71-12/31/71 (1 of 2) Major subjects: Lithuanian Seaman Case and public opinion; Black Congressional Caucus foreign policy recommendations; UN membership for China, People's Republic of; Sino American Cooperative Organization (SACO); International Economic Policy Act of 1971; Brock, William Emerson and U.S. foreign aid/assistance; White House "Open Door Hour". [19] EX FO 1/1/71-12/31/71 (2 of 2) Major subjects: Relations between U.S. and China, People's Republic of; Sino-Soviet- American Triangle; Executive powers and foreign relations; S.R. 156 and Fulbright, J.W.; U.S. trade policy. REEL 3 EX FO Foreign Affairs cont. [20] EX FO 1/1/72-12/31/72 (1 of 3) Major subjects: Bethlehem Steel Corporation views on trade policy; Relations between U.S. and China, People's Republic of; Generation of Peace concept; U.S. Economic policy; 1961 Foreign Assistance Grant Philippines waiver; Foreign military aid/assistance to the Philippines; International economic policy. [21] EX FO 1/1/72-12/31/72 (2 of 3) Major subjects: West European security arrangements; Foreign Relations Authorization Bill of 1972; French nuclear weapons policy; H.R ; Business Advisory Council; Secretary of Commerce recommendations on international economic policy; National Academy of Sciences and foreign policy; Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT); Office of Management and the Budget and commercial representation abroad. [22] EX FO 1/1/72-12/31/72 (3 of 3) Major subjects: International economic policy; Laqueur, Walter; presidential interviews with European magazines. [23] EX FO 1/1/73-(8/9/74) (1 of 5) Major subjects: President's 1973 Foreign Policy Report; U.S. economic intelligence system; U.S. Commerce Department; International economic and monetary policy. [24] EX FO 1/1/73-(8/9/74) (2 of 5) Major subject: Congress, Secretary of State's report. [25] EX FO 1/1/73-(8/9/74) (3 of 5) Major subjects: Christian Social Union; Germany, Federal Republic of; Catholic News treatment of foreign policy; Ostpolitik. 3

22 [26] EX FO 1/1/73-(8/9/74) (4 of 5) Major subjects: Council on Foreign Relations annual report; S.R. 99; Finance draft report revisions; H.J. Resolution 542; President's 1974 Foreign Policy Report; S.R. 99; War powers resolution. [27] EX FO 1/1/73-(8/9/74) (5 of 5) Major subjects: Agriculture; Council on International Economic Policy; Inflation; Less Developed Countries (LDC); Lithuanian Seaman Case; Oil. GEN FO Foreign Affairs [General] [28] GEN FO Begin (9/11/68)-2/15/69 (1 of 2) Major subjects: Africa, southern; Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Agreement; Brzezinski, Zbigniew; Center for Advanced Studies in Behavorial Sciences; Center for Advanced Studies in Behavorial Sciences; Center for Strategic Studies; China, People's Republic of; Soviet intervention in Eastern Europe; Findley, Paul on PRC - U.S. relations; Harvard Center for International Affairs; Intercontinental Ballistic Missile systems (ICBM's); Latin America; Multiple Independently Targetable Re-Entry Vehicles (MIRV's); Declining authority of the nation state; Rand Corporation; Vietnam War. [29] GEN FO Begin(9/11/68)-2/15/69 (2 of 2) Major subjects: Stanley Foundation; Peace conferences. REEL 4 GEN FO Foreign Affairs [General] cont. [30] GEN FO 2/16/69-3/14/69 Major subjects: "Third Conference on the United Nations of the Next Decade"; Alliance for Progress; Atlantic Panel report; Committee of Scholarly Communication with Mainland China; China, People's Republic of; Stanley Foundation; Inter-Academy Exchange Relationship; National Academy of Sciences; Public opinion on U.S. foreign policy; United Nations. [31] GEN FO 3/15/69-4/21/69 (1 of 3) Major subjects: "Battle of the American Mind"; Fascell Committee on ideological operations; Rostow, Eugene V. address on U.S. foreign policy. [32] GEN FO 3/15/69-4/21/69 (2 of 3) Major subjects: Harvard Center for International Affairs; U.S.-Pacific security policies. [33] GEN FO 3/15/69-4/21/69 (3 of 3) Major subjects: Action Committee on the United States of Europe; Egypt and United Arab Republic (UAR); U.S. nuclear assistance to France; Soviet military bases and the United Arab Repubic (UAR); Monnet, Jean; Public opinion on U.S. foreign policy. 4

23 [34] GEN FO 4/22/69-5/8/69 Major subjects: Eastern European anticipation of Soviet expansion; Greece. [35] GEN FO 5/9/69-5/31/69 Major subject: Military policy, U.S.; Public opinion on U.S. military spending; Public opinion on U.S. foreign policy. [36] GEN FO 6/1/69-7/31/69 Major subjects: "No Peace in the Middle East"; Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions; Rumanian and Polish views on diplomacy; Economic policy, U.S.; Latin America; Youth; Peru and International Petroleum Company. [37] GEN FO 8/1/69-10/31/69 Major subjects: China, People's Republic of; Clark, Clifford; Council on Foreign Relations; Nordic Prime Ministers Copenhagen meeting; Overseas information programs; India; Institute of the U.S.A., Moscow; YMCA on Isolationism; Foreign policy research on the Philippines; Sino-Soviet relations and Praja Socialist Party, West Bengal; Southeast Asia. [38] GEN FO 11/1/69-12/31/69 Major subjects: Latin America and scientific diplomacy; Export Control Act of 1969; H.R. 4293; Eaton views on interest rates; Rostow views on Middle East and Vietnam War; Natural resources in Southeast Asia; Fall of the dollar and U.S. trade policy. [39] GEN FO 1/1/70-1/31/70 Major subjects: Public opinion on U.S. foreign policy; USSR - U.S. military technology competition; international marketing of military technology. [40] GEN FO 2/1/70-5/31/70 Major subjects: Conference on American Foreign Policy in the 1970's; CDU/CSU Parliamentary Group views on Erfurt talks; Harnischfeger views on U.S. foreign aid/assistance; FRG recognition of German Democratic Republic (GDR); Feldman on Israel; Public opinion on U.S. foreign policy; USSR and Eaton investment group. REEL 5 GEN FO Foreign Affairs [General] cont. [41] GEN FO 6/1/70-7/31/70 Major subjects: Brookings Institute foreign policy studies program; Communist "atrocities"; Latin America development policy; Foreign Assistance Act of 1972; International Development Institute at George Washington University; SCORE report. [42] GEN FO 8/1/70-9/30/70 Major subjects: Withdrawal from Vietnam; Associated Public Relations Counselors; Japan; Multinational corporations; Foreign Policy Association; Litton Industries, Inc.; review of property claims in West Berlin by U.S. Justice Department; Marshall Plan; S.R. 311; USSR - U.S. relations. 5

24 [43] GEN FO 10/1/70-12/31/70 (1 of 2) Major subjects: American Metal Climax, Inc.; Multinational mining consortium for USSR; Copper; Japan; Lithuanian Seaman Case; NATO defense systems; Polish Legion of American Veterans; Public opinion on U.S. foreign policy; Textiles; USSR - U.S. relations. [44] GEN FO 10/1/70-12/31/70 (2 of 2) Major subjects: FRG-USSR relations; International Movement for Atlantic Union; Lithuanian Seaman Case; National Council of Churches; Presidential social calls; Religious repression in the Eastern Bloc. [45] GEN FO 1/1/71-1/15/71 Major subject: Lithuanian Seaman Case. [46] GEN FO 1/16/71-3/31/71 (1 of 2) Major subjects: Americans for Winning the Peace; Lithuanian Seaman Case; Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Services; National Leadership Council. [47] GEN FO 1/16/71-3/31/71 (2 of 2) Major subjects: American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organization; Burma; Chile; China, People's Republic of; Harvard East Asia Policy Group; War/Peace Report on Middle East affairs; Narcotics trade; USSR - U.S. relations. REEL 6 GEN FO Foreign Affairs [General] cont. [48] GEN FO 4/1/71-9/30/71 Major subjects: Air operating rights, international; Cegmark International, Inc. trade views; China, People's Republic of; USSR-U.S. economic competition; France; Harvard University Russian Research Center; Lithuanian Seaman Case; Middle East; Rostow, W.W. editorials; Stanford Research Institute, Strategic Studies Center; USSR. [49] GEN FO 10/1/71-12/31/71 Major subjects: Atlantic Alliance; Board of American Apparel Manufacturers; Europe, Western; Mexico; Paneuropean Union; public opinion on U.S. foreign policy; Trade and monetary policy; West European - U.S. relations. [50] GEN FO 1/1/72-3/31/72 Major subjects: U.S Army; Berlin Agreement; Sino-Indian relations; Eurasian economic integration; U.S. military aid/assistance to Israel; Ford Foundation; Foreign Policy Research Institute; Multipolarity; Public opinion on U.S. foreign policy; Stanford Research Institute; Stanley Foundation; Steel industry views on trade and monetary policy; Strategy for Peace Conferences; USSR - U.S. competition. 6

25 [51] GEN FO 4/1/72-4/30/72 Major subjects: Institute of Public Administration; Israel; Palestinian refugees; Middle East; Public opinion on U.S. foreign policy. [52] GEN FO 5/1/72-12/31/72 (1 of 2) Major subjects: Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions; Mercenaries; Public opinion on U.S. foreign policy; Vietnam War. [53] GEN FO 5/1/72-12/31/72 (2 of 2) Major subjects: American Latvian Association and Radio Liberty; Poland; Public opinion on U.S. foreign policy; Trade. [54] GEN FO 1/1/73-(8/9/74) (1 of 2) Major subjects: Brookings Institute; Burma; Caterpillar Tractor Company and Rhodesia embargo; U.S. Energy policy; European - U.S. relations; Potomac and Pacific Group views on Western Europe; Foreign Policy Association; Japan; Latin America; Monetary system; Monnet, Jean; National Geological Survey; U.S. News media/press; Nomura Research Institute of Technology and Economics; Overseas Development Council; Pacific Basin development; Southeast Asia; United Nations Association of the United States. [55] GEN FO 1/1/73-(8/9/74) (2 of 2) Major subjects: "Towards a Renovated World Monetary System"; Byrd Amendment; Chrome; Economic and monetary policy, international; Governmental Affairs Institute; Inter-National Research Institute (INRI); News media/press, international; News media/press, U.S.; Panama Canal; Rhodesia; SEATO; Trilateral Commission. REEL 7 EX FO 1 Buildings Grounds [56] EX FO 1 ( ) Major subjects: Central Intelligence Agency; Diplomacy, cultural; Denmark; U.S. Embassies; H.R ; Rhodesia; Zimbabwe. [57] EX FO 1 1/1/ 71-(12/31/72) Major subjects: U.S. embassies; Foreign Assistance Act; H.R. 249; Israel. [58] EX FO 1 1/1/73-(8/9/74) Major subjects: Chanceries, foreign; Consulates, U.S.; Diplomacy, cultural; H.R ; National Geographic Society; S GEN FO 1 Buildings Grounds [General] [59] GEN FO 1 ( ) Major subjects: Fisheries; Fishing; Vietnam, Republic of; Foreign aid/assistance, U.S.; Mexico; Rhodesia. 7

26 [60] GEN FO 1 1/1/71-( ) [Empty] [61] GEN FO 1 1/1/73-(8/9/74) Major subject: Diplomatic residences, U.S. EX FO 2 Diplomatic - Consular Relations [62] Begin (1/3/69)-4/30/69 Major subjects: American Foreign Service Association (AFSA); Arms race; Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; Diplomatic appointments, U.S.; Foreign Service, U.S. [63] EX FO 2 5/1/69-7/31/69 (1 of 2) Major subjects: Diplomatic appointments, U.S.; Diplomatic recognition bill; Public relations; S.R [64] EX FO 2 5/1/69-7/31/69 (2 of 2) Major subjects: Diplomatic appointments, U.S.; Foreign Service, U.S.; Letters of credence and recall. [65] EX FO 2 8/1/69-9/30/69 (1 of 2) Major subject: Diplomatic appointments, U.S. [66] EX FO 2 8/1/69-9/30/69 (2 of 2) Major subjects: Diplomacy, scientific; Diplomatic appointments, U.S.; Science attaché program. [67] EX FO 2 10/1/69-12/8/69 Major subjects: Diplomatic appointments, U.S.; Diplomatic Relations Act of 1969; Vienna Conventions. [68] EX FO 2 12/9/1969 Major subject: Foreign Service, U.S. REEL 8 EX FO 2 Diplomatic - Consular Relations cont. [69] EX FO 2 12/10/69-12/31/69 Major subjects: Diplomatic appointments, U.S.; Foreign Service, U.S. [70] EX FO 2 1/1/70-1/23/70 Major subject: Diplomatic appointments, U.S. 8

27 [71] EX FO 2 1/24/1970 Major subjects: Consular relations; International law; Presidential proclamations; Vienna Convention on Consular Relations. [72] EX FO 2 1/25/70-1/31/70 Major subject: Embassies, U.S. [73] EX FO 2 2/1/70-3/31/70 Major subject: Diplomatic appointments, U.S. [74] EX FO 2 4/1/70-4/30/70 Major subject: Foreign Service, U.S. [75] EX FO 2 5/1/70-5/31/70 Major subject: Diplomatic appointments, U.S. [76] EX FO 2 6/1/70-6/30/70 Major subjects: Diplomatic appointments, U.S.; Embassies, U.S. [77] EX FO 2 7/1/70-7/31/70 Major subject: Diplomatic appointments, U.S. [78] EX FO 2 8/1/70-8/31/70 Major subject: Diplomatic appointments, U.S. [79] EX FO 2 9/1/70-9/30/70 Major subject: Diplomatic appointments, U.S. [80] EX FO 2 10/1/70-(12/31/70) Major subjects: Diplomatic appointments, U.S.; Protection of Foreign Officials Senate bill; S.R [81] EX FO 2 1/1/71-12/31/72 (1 of 4) Major subjects: Diplomatic appointments, U.S.; Executive Order #11491; Panama Canal. [82] EX FO 2 1/1/71-12/31/72 (2 of 4) Major subjects: Diplomatic appointments, U.S.; International Commerce Service; Magnuson Bill. [83] EX FO 2 1/1/71-12/31/72 (3 of 4) Major subject: Diplomatic appointments, U.S. [84] EX FO 2 1/1/71-12/31/72 (4 of 4) Major subjects: Diplomatic appointments, U.S.; Expropriations/nationalizations; Foreign Service, U.S.; Inter-American Development Bank; International Developent Association; S. 2010; S [85] EX FO 2 1/1/73-(8/9/74) (1 of 2) Major subject: Diplomatic appointments, U.S. 9

28 REEL 9 EX FO 2 Diplomatic - Consular Relations cont. [86] EX FO 2 1/1/73-(8/9/74) (2 of 2) Major subjects: Diplomatic Relations Act of 1973; Foreign Service, U.S.; Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. GEN FO 2 Diplomatic - Consular Relations [General] [87] GEN FO 2 ( ) (1 of 2) Major subjects: American Federation of Government Employees (AFGE); American Foreign Service Association (AFSA); Diplomatic appointments, U.S.; Foreign Service, U.S.; Syria; TWA Hijacking. [88] GEN FO 2 ( ) (2 of 2) Major subjects: Consulates, U.S.; Diplomatic appointments, U.S.; Foreign Service, U.S. [89] GEN FO 2 1/1/71-(12/31/72) (1 of 2) Major subjects: Diplomatic academy proposal; Foreign Service, U.S. [90] GEN FO 2 1/1/71-(12/31/72) (2 of 2) Major subjects: Diplomacy, U.S.; Diplomatic appointments, U.S.; Foreign Service, U.S. [91] GEN FO 2 1/1/73-(8/9/74) Major subjects: Diplomatic appointments, U.S.; Foreign Service, U.S.; Public opinion on U.S. foreign policy. EX FO 2/A Diplomatic - Consular Relations: Nominations and Appointments [92] EX FO 2/A ( ) Major subject: Foreign Service assignments. [93] EX FO 2/A 1/1/71-(12/31/72) (1 of 2) Major subject: Foreign Service assignments. [94] EX FO 2/A 1/1/71-(12/31/72) (2 of 2) Major subject: Foreign Service assignments. [95] EX FO 2/A 1/1/73-(8/9/74) (1 of 2) Major subject: Foreign Service assignments. 10

29 [96] EX FO 2/A 1/1/73-(8/9/74) (2 of 2) Major subject: Foreign Service assignments. REEL 10 EX FO 2/CO Diplomatic - Consular Relations: Countries ( ) [97] EX FO 2/CO - FO 2/CO 9 ( ) Major subjects: U.S. diplomatic representation in Argentina; Foreign Service, U.S. [98] EX FO 2/CO 10 - FO 2/CO 19 ( ) Major subjects: U.S. diplomatic representation in Argentina; U.S. diplomatic representation in Australia; U.S. diplomatic representation in Austria; U.S. diplomatic representation in Barbados; U.S. diplomatic representation in Belgium; U.S. diplomatic representation in Bolivia; Nicaragua; Peru; Associated States of the West Indies. [99] EX FO 2/CO 20 - FO 2/CO 29 ( ) (1 of 2) Major subjects: U.S. diplomatic representation in Argentina; U.S. diplomatic representation in Brazil; U.S. diplomatic representation in Chile; U.S. diplomatic representation in Yugoslavia; Abduction of U.S. diplomats. [100] EX FO 2/CO 20 - FO 2/CO 29 ( ) (2 of 2) Major subjects: U.S. diplomatic representation in Bulgaria; U.S. diplomatic representation in Burma; U.S. diplomatic representation in Burundi; U.S. diplomatic representation in Cameroon; U.S. diplomatic representation in Canada; U.S. diplomatic representation in Equatorial Guinea. [101] EX FO 2/CO 30 - FO 2/CO 39 ( ) Major subjects: U.S. diplomatic representation in Central African Republic; U.S. diplomatic representation in Ceylon (Sri Lanka); U.S. diplomatic representation in Chile; U.S. diplomatic representation in Republic of China,; U.S. diplomatic representation in Colombia; U.S. diplomatic representation in Democratic Republic of Congo; U.S. diplomatic representation in Costa Rica; U.S. diplomatic representation in Cuba; Foreign Service assignments; U.S. diplomatic representation in Gabon; U.S. diplomatic representation in Maldives. [102] EX FO 2/CO 40 - FO 2/CO 44 ( ) Major subjects: U.S. diplomatic representation in Cyprus; U.S. diplomatic representation in Czechoslovakia; U.S. diplomatic representation in Dahomey; U.S. diplomatic representation in Denmark; U.S. diplomatic representation in Dominican Republic; Foreign Service assignments. [103] EX FO 2/CO 45 - FO 2/CO 49 ( ) Major subjects: U.S. diplomatic representation in Ecuador; U.S. diplomatic representation in El Salvador; U.S. diplomatic representation in Ethiopia; U.S. diplomatic representation in Finland; Foreign Service assignments. 11