Origins & Goals of *Progressivism
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- Mervin Griffith
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1 Origins & Goals of *Progressivism
2 1. *Populism Origins a. *Reform Movement in the late 1800s b. Was looking out for the interests of farmers & workers c. There was a Populist *Political Party
3 Origins 2. Social Gospel Movement a. Protestant Christian movement that said people should emulate Jesus care for the poor b. Wealth should be used to help the poor c. Against Social Darwinism
4 Goals of Progressivism 1. To Protect Social Welfare 2. To Promote Moral Improvement 3. To Create Economic Reform 4. To Foster (work toward) Efficiency 5. Government Reform
5 Protecting Social Welfare 1. Sought to soften some of the harsh conditions of industrialization. A Shift in Popular Worldview Survival of the fittest is giving way to the Social Gospel.
6 Protecting Social Welfare 2.*Muckrakers People who raised awareness by exposing wrong doing by business or the government Jungle Chp. 14
7 Examples Muckrakers Upton Sinclair Author of The Jungle Jacob Reiss Photographer: How the Other Half Lives Ida Tarbell Author of The History of Standard Oil
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9 Protecting Social Welfare 3. Progressives believed in SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS to reform society a. YMCA Young Men s Christian Association i. Opened libraries; built swimming pools, sponsored classes
10 Protecting Social Welfare b. Salvation Army i. Fed poor people in soup kitchens, cared for children in orphanages, sent out slum brigades to teach poor immigrants about middle class values of hard work and temperance.
11 Protecting Social Welfare c. Settlement Houses i. Houses in slums that took care of poor people (mostly immigrants) ii. Usually run by women such as Jane Adams iii. Came out of the Social Gospel Movement Preached Salvation through service to the poor
12 Promoting Moral Improvement 1. Prohibition the banning of alcoholic beverages--also called Temperance a. Women s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) i. Westerville, OH ii. Prohibitionists (mostly women) would walk into bars & scold patrons; one woman (Carrie Nation) would break liquor bottles with a hatchet!
13 Promoting Moral Improvement b. Anti-Saloon League i. Sought to close saloons (bars) down ii. Conflict with many immigrants for whom drinking was a part of their cultural heritage & for whom saloons provided services such as check cashing
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16 Promoting Moral Improvement 2. *Americanization teaching immigrants about America & American values lets solve the immigration problem by teaching those immigrants how to be good Americans!
17 Economic Reform 1. Big Business Getting Too Big a. Time for Government to step in and regulate business practices such as child labor and monopolies. b. Some (but not many) turned to Socialism (government control of major industries) Competition was natural enough at one time, but do you think you are competing today? Against whom? Against Rockefeller? About as I would if I had a wheelbarrow and competed with the Santa Fe [railroad] from here to Kansas City. Eugene Debs
18 Fostering Efficiency 1. Scientific management a. Taylorism Fredrick Taylor did time & movement studies to determine the exact, most efficient way to perform a given task b. Used in assembly lines & Government as well 2. Goal to save money
19 Government Reform 1. Wanted an End to Government Corruption (Chp. 15 Section 3) 2. Wanted Government to do more to protect people from Big Business a. Wanted an end to child labor b.wanted to limit working hours
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22 3. Election Reform a. Initiative a bill originating with the people rather than lawmakers b. Referendum a vote on an initiative c. Recall enables voters to remove elected officials from public office through a special election d. Direct primary made it so the people could choose candidates rather than party leaders and political bosses choosing them e. Direct Election of Senators i. The Constitution says that the legislatures of each state will choose its 2 Senators ii. 17 th amendment (1913) Says Senators will be chosen by the people of each state i. They adopted this from the Populists
23 4. These reforms drew many more women into politics. They were concerned about society and making a difference but one thing stood in their way
24 So woman began a real push for *suffrage They got that right in 1920 The *19 th Amendment the govt. can t deny the right to vote based on sex
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