Choose the letter of the best answer.

Transcription

1 Name: Date: Choose the letter of the best answer. 1. The progressive movement regarded all of the following as worthy goals except A. protecting social welfare. C. creating economic reform. B. promoting business monopolies. D. fostering efficiency in the workplace. 2. Muckrakers were A. politicians. C. suffragists. B. conservationists. D. journalists. 3. A bill that originates from the people rather than legislators is known as A. a recall. C. a referendum. B. an initiative. D. an amendment. 4. In the mid-1800s, the majority of women who held jobs worked as A. servants. C. clerks. B. teachers. D. telephone operators. 5. All of the following were actively involved in securing the right to vote for women except A. Elizabeth Cady Stanton. C. Florence Kelley. B. Susan B. Anthony. D. Carrie Chapman Catt. 6. In The Jungle, Upton Sinclair exposed A. dangers faced by coal miners. C. unsanitary conditions in the meat-packing industry. B. corrupt business practices of the Standard Oil Company. D. illegal deals between special interests and the government. 7. The first person to use the presidency as a "bully pulpit" was A. William H. Taft. C. Woodrow Wilson. B. Theodore Roosevelt. D. William McKinley. 8. The law that required truthful labels was the A. Pure Food and Drug Act. C. Sherman Antitrust Act. B. Meat Inspection Act. D. Interstate Commerce Act. 9. The primary goal of the NAACP was A. voting rights for women. C. regulation of the banking industry. B. better working conditions. D. equality among the races. 10. In the election of 1912, the candidate considered least pleasing to reformers was A. Eugene V. Debs. C. William H. Taft. B. Theodore Roosevelt. D. Woodrow Wilson. New Test.tgt, Version: 1 1

2 Using the exhibit, choose the letter of the best answer. 11. In total, states had full woman suffrage before A. 15 C. 27 B. 25 D The state of granted full woman suffrage in A. Minnesota C. Colorado B. Utah D. Massachusetts 13. Based on the map, you could infer that Ohio was than Pennsylvania in the early 1900s. A. more progressive C. home to more women B. less progressive D. less concerned with conservation 14. The southwestern state of was more conservative towards woman suffrage than its neighbors. A. Arizona C. Nevada B. Texas D. New Mexico 15. The last states to grant women full suffrage before 1920 were A. New York, Michigan, and South Dakota. C. North Dakota, Nebraska, and Texas. B. Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Michigan. D. Arizona, Oregon, and Kansas. Using the exhibit, answer the following questions. 16. Which region of the United States was generally more progressive on woman suffrage? How do you know? 17. Would you say that whole regions rather than isolated states tended to agree on woman suffrage? Explain. New Test.tgt, Version: 1 2

3 Document-Based Questions. Historical Context: The growth of big business and big cities contributed to many abuses and problems in the late 1800s. The reformers of the Progressive Era attempted to deal with some of these issues. Study each document carefully and answer the question about it. 18. The man in the advertisement represents people who profit from manufacturing and selling liquor. What is the general meaning of the words printed on the bags of money? New Test.tgt, Version: 1 3

4 19. What effects would the diets described likely have on these children's performance in school? New Test.tgt, Version: 1 4

5 20. What kind of lives do you think the boys in the photograph have? Explain your answer. You may write on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet. 21. What techniques did reformers at the turn of the 20th century use to influence public opinion? Write a brief essay in response to this question, citing evidence and examples from the three documents. You may use the back of this paper or a separate sheet for your essay. (8 points) Answer the following question(s) on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper. 22. What were some of the methods used by women in the 1800s to win the right to vote? In your opinion, which was the most effective? Explain your answer. Think About: - women's right to vote in individual states - what the Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed - the number of women involved - methods used to gain attention New Test.tgt, Version: 1 5

6 23. How do the political reforms of the Progressive Era affect the way government functions today? Explain your answer. Think About: - responsiveness of government - initiative, referendum, and recall - the Seventeenth Amendment - voter turnout Choose the letter of the best answer. 24. Which of the following was not a result of the introduction of the assembly line? A. higher worker turnover C. decreased productivity B. reduced hours of the workday D. higher wages 25. Who gained most from the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment? A. party bosses C. state legislators B. ordinary citizens D. industrial leaders 26. Which of the following best states the primary goal of prohibitionists? A. to eliminate the sale of alcohol to minors C. to reduce accidents in the workplace B. to eliminate the use of alcohol in society D. to reduce the availability of alcohol to minors 27. Why were early progressive attempts to enact federal bans on child labor unsuccessful? A. The bans had little public support. C. Factory owners simply ignored the laws. B. Labor unions fought the legislation. D. The Supreme Court ruled such bans unconstitutional. 28. Which strategy was not employed by woman suffragists to obtain their goal? A. They called for female workers to strike. C. They tested the Fourteenth Amendment in court. B. They advocated a constitutional amendment. D. They convinced state legislatures to grant women the right to vote. 29. Which statement best characterizes Roosevelt's position on trusts? A. Some trusts were harmful to the public interest. C. Trusts were of benefit to the public interest. B. All trusts should be busted. D. Trusts were legal and could not be abolished. 30. Which statement best characterizes the position of Gifford Pinchot toward land conservation? A. Unrestricted development was acceptable. C. Further privatization should be prohibited. B. A multi-use land program was possible. D. Conservation should not interfere with industrial expansion. 31. Which of the following actions led to the defeat of Taft in 1912? A. his overuse of the bully pulpit C. his refusal to sign the Payne-Aldrich Tariff B. his failure to continue the trustbusting of Roosevelt D. his failure to unify the Republican Party 32. What was the primary motivation for passage of the Sixteenth Amendment? A. to curb the power of corporations C. to reduce the gap between rich and poor B. to replace revenue lost by enacting lower tariffs D. to create a war chest to pay for future wars 33. What effect did World War I have on the suffragist movement? A. It delayed action as attention turned to the war effort. C. It caused a split within the NAWSA. B. It had little effect. D. It hastened passage and ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment. New Test.tgt, Version: 1 6

7 Using the exhibit, answer the following questions. 34. How did the Nineteenth Amendment affect women's voting rights in California? 35. Why might Wyoming have been called the most progressive state on the issue of woman suffrage? 36. Why might large blocks of states have tended to have similar laws on woman suffrage? 37. Why do you think the East was generally less progressive toward woman suffrage than the Midwest and West? 38. If the Nineteenth Amendment had not passed in 1920, how do you think this map would have looked in 1930? Why? New Test.tgt, Version: 1 7

8 Document-Based Questions. Historical Context: The growth of big business and big cities contributed to many abuses and problems in the late 1800s. The reformers of the Progressive Era attempted to deal with some of these issues. Study each document carefully and answer the question about it. 39. What conclusion is a reader of this advertisement expected to draw about the people who oppose prohibition? New Test.tgt, Version: 1 8

9 40. Why do you think John Spago went to the trouble to gather the information in the chart? How did he want readers to react to the information? New Test.tgt, Version: 1 9

10 41. What effect might Lewis Hine have hoped this photograph would have on the people who saw it in the early 1900s? 42. How do these three documents reflect the spirit of reform that swept the nation around the turn of the 20th century? Which specific reform movements do the documents represent, and what do the movements have in common? Write a brief essay in response to these questions, citing evidence and examples from the three documents. You may use the back of this paper or a separate sheet for your essay. (8 points) Answer the following question(s) on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper. 43. During the 1902 coal strike, mine owner George Baer claimed that workers' rights would be protected by the "Christian men to whom God... has given control of the property interests of this country." If you were a mine worker, would you feel protected? Think About: - working conditions in the mines - owners' tactics - child labor - government response New Test.tgt, Version: 1 10

11 44. Which president had the most lasting impact on the major progressive issues? Explain your choice. Think About: - use of the bully pulpit - conservation of natural resources - trustbusting legislation - progress toward civil rights for all citizens - health and safety issues Select the letter of the term, name, or phrase that best matches each description. Note: Some letters may not be used at all. Some may be used more than once. A. Federal Trade Commission F. Susan B. Anthony B. Federal Reserve System G. Florence Kelley C. Woodrow Wilson H. conservation D. Upton Sinclair I. William H. Taft E. Progressivism J. Square Deal 45. reform movement that sought to return control of the government to the people 46. president of the United States who was a former president of Princeton University and governor of New Jersey 47. an advocate for improving the lives of women and children 48. muckraking journalist who exposed the terrible conditions of the meatpacking industry 49. the movement to protect America's natural resources 50. the term used to describe the progressive reforms of President Theodore Roosevelt 51. watchdog agency given the power to stop unfair business practices 52. president whose actions split the Republican party after he angered both progressives and conservationists 53. a plan that reformed how American banks were organized 54. a leader of the woman suffrage movement New Test.tgt, Version: 1 11

12 Using the exhibit, choose the letter of the best answer. A. Maine D. New Mexico B. Wyoming E. Washington C. Florida 55. This state granted full woman suffrage in This state had no statewide woman suffrage before 1920 but was surrounded by other states that had partial or full woman suffrage. 57. This state was the first to grant women full voting rights. 58. This New England state allowed women to vote in some elections before This southeastern state had statewide woman suffrage only after New Test.tgt, Version: 1 12

13 Document-Based Questions. Historical Context: The growth of big business and big cities contributed to many abuses and problems in the late 1800s. The reformers of the Progressive Era attempted to deal with some of these issues. Study each document carefully and answer the question about it. 60. In 1918, Ohio citizens voted on a referendum to make the sale of alcohol illegal. Does this advertisement encourage Ohioans to vote in favor of the referendum? New Test.tgt, Version: 1 13

14 61. Of the six families listed, how many had three meals a day? New Test.tgt, Version: 1 14

15 62. Describe what you see in this picture. 63. What are some of the abuses and problems that progressive reformers sought to address? Write a brief essay in response to this question, citing evidence and examples from the three documents. You may use the back of this paper or a separate sheet for your essay. (8 points) Answer the following question(s) on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper. 64. What do the experiences of the woman suffragists teach us? Explain at least two lessons that may be learned. Think About: - how they approached their task - how they dealt with setbacks - how they worked together - how they relied on a leader 65. Which groups benefited from the reforms of the Progressive Era? Which groups did not benefit? Explain your answer. Think About: - the average citizen and consumer - organized labor - women and children - big business New Test.tgt, Version: 1 15

16 Answer Sheet 1. B. promoting business monopolies. 2. D. journalists. 3. B. an initiative. 4. A. servants. 5. C. Florence Kelley. 6. C. unsanitary conditions in the meat-packing industry. 7. B. Theodore Roosevelt. 8. A. Pure Food and Drug Act. 9. D. equality among the races. 10. C. William H. Taft. 11. A C. Colorado 13. A. more progressive 14. D. New Mexico 15. B. Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Michigan. 16. The Midwest and West were generally more progressive because states in those regions tended to grant women full or partial suffrage earlier than Eastern and Southern states. 17. People in whole regions tended to agree on the issue of woman suffrage, as shown by the large blocks of states with similar laws. 18. The messages on the money bags imply that people who profit from the sale of alcohol do so at the expense of families and children. Liquor hurts families while making liquor traffickers rich. 19. Such children would likely not do well in school because they lack proper nutrition. They would probably drop out of school and take jobs as unskilled laborers, continuing the cycle of poverty. 20. Their families are probably very poor, forcing the boys to go to work rather than attend school. The boys work long hours in a dark factory. 21. The best essays will point out that reformers used advertisements and political cartoons (Document 1), reports of conditions among the poor (Document 2), and documentary photographs (Document 3) to influence public opinion. The advertisement uses a cartoon to depict opponents of prohibition in a negative light. The text of the advertisement also implies that only immoral people do not support prohibition. John Spargo's journalism reveals how bad the situation is for the nation's poor, just as Lewis Hine's photographs document the horrible conditions of child labor. Both Spargo and Hine hope that if more citizens are educated about poverty in America, they will be motivated to do something about it. 22. Complete answers should include the following points: Women organized into such groups as NWSA and NAWSA. They lobbied individual states to grant women the right to vote. They pursued court cases questioning why male citizens had the right to vote while female citizens did not. They sought to involve women from all walks of life in seeking passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. They held public rallies, heckled public officials, and even protested in front of the White House. Students might say that appealing to the states was not very effective since only a few ever granted women the right to vote. Their approach through the court system was not very effective because the Supreme Court ruled that while women were citizens, that did not automatically give them the right to vote. Their most effective tactic was seeking broad support for a constitutional amendment through public demonstrations that could not be overlooked. 23. Complete answers should recognize the following points: The political reforms of the Progressive Era were a function of the inefficiency, ineffectiveness, corruption, or unresponsiveness of the government or government leaders. As the country developed into an industrialized society, new laws and regulations were needed. The lesson is that government and its leaders need to listen to the concerns of the people and take action to respond to the needs of the people. Some of the measures put into place at that time still provide opportunities for individual citizens to have more input in government. For example, an initiative may be placed on a ballot by citizens rather than lawmakers. Voters then decide the fate of the initiative in a referendum. Another reform enacted at this time is the recall, by which an elected official may be removed from office. The Seventeenth Amendment, which called for the direct election of senators, is another progressive reform that helps citizens have a more direct say in how government business is conducted. These reforms have made government more responsive to the concerns of the people. Some students may suggest that many people today still find government to be unresponsive to their needs. Political scandals and government corruption cause citizens to become disillusioned. In many elections, fewer than fifty percent of eligible voters actually vote. 24. C. decreased productivity New Test.tgt, Version: 1 16

17 25. B. ordinary citizens 26. B. to eliminate the use of alcohol in society 27. D. The Supreme Court ruled such bans unconstitutional. 28. A. They called for female workers to strike. 29. A. Some trusts were harmful to the public interest. 30. B. A multi-use land program was possible. 31. D. his failure to unify the Republican Party 32. B. to replace revenue lost by enacting lower tariffs 33. D. It hastened passage and ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment. 34. The Nineteenth Amendment did not affect their voting privileges, because they had already gained full suffrage in Wyoming was the first state to grant women full suffrage, in When women in one state gained voting rights, women in neighboring states might have been more likely to demand their rights. People living in the same region of the country might also have had similar lifestyles and values. 37. Students might note that the older states in the East might have been more set in their ways compared to their more recently established neighbors in the West. 38. Students may infer that more and more individual states would have granted women their voting rights as the movement continued to spread. 39. Readers are expected to conclude that only immoral people oppose prohibition-people who want to make big profits no matter what the cost to society or people of generally low moral standards. 40. He might have hoped that people would be shocked to hear how little some Americans had to eat each day. The data are especially alarming because the statistics relate to children. 41. He hoped that viewers would be appalled at the sight of such young boys working in such difficult conditions. The fact that they were working at midnight further demonstrates that the factory owners have no concern for the children's welfare 42. The best essays will point out that all three documents reflect a concern for the welfare of working families, and that the welfare of these families was often threatened by the greed and thoughtlessness of industrialists and other entrepreneurs. Document 1 represents the prohibition movement and appeals to Ohio voters' desire to protect families from the evil effects of alcohol abuse. The advertisement implies that men who drink alcohol buy their liquor with money they should instead spend to feed and clothe their families. It also implies that liquor traffickers make their fortunes at the expense of families. Document 2 represents the social welfare movement, which aimed to help the urban poor. By documenting the inadequate nutrition of poor children, the journalist hopes to make people aware of how poverty affects the lives of children. Document 3, which represents the movement to end child labor, has a similar goal. The photographer highlights the poor working conditions of the boys in the glass factory in the hope of mustering public support for reform. 43. Complete answers should include the following points: The statement implies that the men who controlled the nation's wealth were morally superior. However, their treatment of their workers suggested otherwise. Working conditions were unsafe, the hours extremely long, and the wages poor. Children were exploited as well. The statement also suggests that the business owners had achieved their positions by divine decree. In fact, owners very often obtained their advantage through dishonest means such as bribery, threats, and collusion with other industrialists. Mine owners only grudgingly agreed to some worker demands when Roosevelt threatened to take over the mines. He described mine owners such as Baer as having "extraordinary stupidity." Government legislation and trustbusting activities were a response to the abuses of such owners. 44. Complete answers should recognize the following points: Roosevelt was the most effective in using the "bully pulpit" to bring about needed reforms. He aggressively used the Sherman Antitrust Act to protect the public from the power of monopolies. He regulated the coal mining industry and the railroads. He also brought about many improvements in public health through the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act. He aggressively sought to conserve the nation's natural resources through legislation such as the National Reclamation Act. Roosevelt even represented the new Progressive Party in the election of Many of the items on the platform of the Progressive Party that year eventually became the law of the land. Taft was not as effective in championing progressive causes. He signed the Payne-Aldrich Tariff, which progressives considered a weak compromise. He fired the conservationist Gifford Pinchot, head of the U.S. Forest Service. Taft failed to win the support of Progressives and lost the election of 1912 decisively. Wilson pleased progressives with the Clayton Antitrust Act and the establishment of the Federal Trade Commission. The FTC continues to have a prominent role in government supervision of business. Wilson also established the Federal Reserve System, which is vital to the success and safety of our current banking system. None of the three presidents did much to further the cause of civil rights for African Americans. 45. E. Progressivism 46. C. Woodrow Wilson 47. G. Florence Kelley 48. D. Upton Sinclair New Test.tgt, Version: 1 17

18 49. H. conservation 50. J. Square Deal 51. A. Federal Trade Commission 52. I. William H. Taft 53. B. Federal Reserve System 54. F. Susan B. Anthony 55. E. Washington 56. D. New Mexico 57. B. Wyoming 58. A. Maine 59. C. Florida 60. Yes, the advertisement encourages Ohio citizens to vote for prohibition, or to make the sale of alcohol illegal. 61. Only one family, family 3, had three meals a day. 62. Young boys are working in a glass factory. The surroundings are dark and dirty. The boys' clothes and faces are also dirty. 63. The best answers will point out that reformers sought ways to end the use or abuse of alcohol (Document 1), hunger among poor people (Document 2), and child labor (Document 3). In general, they were interested in improving the lives of working families who were suffering at the hands of greedy industrialists and liquor traffickers. 64. Complete answers should include at least two points similar to the following: People fighting for an important cause should not give up. Although it took many years to accomplish, the suffragists ultimately reached their goal. Even when they suffered setbacks along the way, they kept working until they succeeded. It's important to be flexible in order to solve problems. The suffragists pursued court cases to test the Fourteenth Amendment, but when the Supreme Court ruled that they did not automatically have the right to vote because they were citizens, they took another approach and worked for a constitutional amendment. There is power in numbers. As more and more women became involved in the cause, it became more likely that the suffragists' voices would be heard. Strong leaders can play a key role. Without the strong leadership and planning of Carrie Chapman Catt, women might have had to wait many more years to gain the right to vote. 65. Complete answers should recognize the following points: Average citizens benefited as reforms were passed to improve the quality of their lives. Conservation and preservation efforts were begun. People were given more of a say in how the government would be run. Organized labor benefited by ensuring safer workplaces. Antitrust legislation limited the power of big industry to exploit its workers. Women benefited by winning the right to vote. Children benefited by the passage of child labor laws so that they might attend school instead of being forced to work long hours in unsafe conditions. Consumers benefited from laws to protect the quality of their food. Big business did not benefit as their ability to use unfair business practices was reduced. African Americans did not receive much support in their search for civil rights. New Test.tgt, Version: 1 18

19 Standards Summary: All Standards In Test FL SS.A FL SS.A.5.4 FL SS.B NCSS IIIb understands the social and cultural impact of immigrant groups and individuals on American society after The student understands U.S. history from 1880 to the present day. uses a variety of maps, geographic technologies including geographic information systems (GIS) and satellite-produced imagery, and other advanced graphic representations to depict geographic problems. create, interpret, use, and synthesize information from various representations of the earth, such as maps, globes, and photographs; NCSS IIIf describe and compare how people create places that reflect culture, human needs, government policy, and current values and ideals as they design and build specialized buildings, neighborhoods, shopping centers, urban centers, industrial parks, and the like; NCSS IIIh NCSS IIc NCSS IV NCSS IVe NCSS Ia NCSS If NCSS VIc NCSS Va NCSS Vb NCSS Xc NCSS Xe describe and assess ways that historical events have been influenced by, and have influenced, physical and human geographic factors in local regional, national, and global settings; identify and describe significant historical periods and patterns of change within and across cultures, such as the development of ancient cultures and civilizations, the rise of nations-states, and social, economic, and political revolutions; Individual Development and Identity. Personal identity is shaped by one's culture, by groups and by institutional influences. Examination of various forms of human behavior enhances understanding of the relationships between social norms and emerging personal identities, the social processes which influence identity formation, and the ethical principles underlying individual action. examine the interactions of ethnic, national, or cultural influences in specific situations or events; analyze and explain the ways groups, societies, and cultures address human needs and concerns; interpret patterns of behavior reflecting values and attitudes that contribute or pose obstacles to cross-cultural understanding; analyze and explain ideas and mechanisms to meet needs and wants of citizens, regulate territory, manage conflict, establish order and security, and balance competing conceptions of a just society; apply concepts such as role, status, and social class in describing the connections and interactions of individuals, groups, and institutions in society; analyze group and institutional influences on people, events, and elements of culture in both historical and contemporary settings; locate, access, analyze, organize, synthesize, evaluate, and apply information about selected public issues-identifying, describing, and evaluating multiple points of view; analyze and evaluate the influence of various forms of citizen action on public policy; New Test.tgt, Version: 1 19

20 Name: Date: Using the exhibit, choose the letter of the best answer. A. Washington D. Maine B. Wyoming E. Florida C. New Mexico 1. This state granted full woman suffrage in This southeastern state had statewide woman suffrage only after This New England state allowed women to vote in some elections before This state was the first to grant women full voting rights. 5. This state had no statewide woman suffrage before 1920 but was surrounded by other states that had partial or full woman suffrage. Answer the following question(s) on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper. 6. How do the political reforms of the Progressive Era affect the way government functions today? Explain your answer. Think About: - responsiveness of government - initiative, referendum, and recall - the Seventeenth Amendment - voter turnout New Test.tgt, Version: 2 1

21 7. What were some of the methods used by women in the 1800s to win the right to vote? In your opinion, which was the most effective? Explain your answer. Think About: - women's right to vote in individual states - what the Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed - the number of women involved - methods used to gain attention Using the exhibit, answer the following questions. 8. Why do you think the East was generally less progressive toward woman suffrage than the Midwest and West? 9. If the Nineteenth Amendment had not passed in 1920, how do you think this map would have looked in 1930? Why? 10. How did the Nineteenth Amendment affect women's voting rights in California? 11. Why might large blocks of states have tended to have similar laws on woman suffrage? 12. Why might Wyoming have been called the most progressive state on the issue of woman suffrage? 13. Would you say that whole regions rather than isolated states tended to agree on woman suffrage? Explain. 14. Which region of the United States was generally more progressive on woman suffrage? How do you know? Choose the letter of the best answer. 15. All of the following were actively involved in securing the right to vote for women except A. Elizabeth Cady Stanton. C. Carrie Chapman Catt. B. Susan B. Anthony. D. Florence Kelley. New Test.tgt, Version: 2 2

22 16. The law that required truthful labels was the A. Meat Inspection Act. C. Interstate Commerce Act. B. Sherman Antitrust Act. D. Pure Food and Drug Act. 17. The progressive movement regarded all of the following as worthy goals except A. creating economic reform. C. promoting business monopolies. B. protecting social welfare. D. fostering efficiency in the workplace. 18. The primary goal of the NAACP was A. equality among the races. C. better working conditions. B. regulation of the banking industry. D. voting rights for women. 19. Muckrakers were A. conservationists. C. suffragists. B. journalists. D. politicians. 20. A bill that originates from the people rather than legislators is known as A. an amendment. C. a referendum. B. an initiative. D. a recall. 21. In the election of 1912, the candidate considered least pleasing to reformers was A. Theodore Roosevelt. C. Woodrow Wilson. B. William H. Taft. D. Eugene V. Debs. 22. In The Jungle, Upton Sinclair exposed A. dangers faced by coal miners. C. corrupt business practices of the Standard Oil Company. B. illegal deals between special interests and the D. unsanitary conditions in the meat-packing industry. government. 23. In the mid-1800s, the majority of women who held jobs worked as A. clerks. C. servants. B. teachers. D. telephone operators. 24. The first person to use the presidency as a "bully pulpit" was A. Woodrow Wilson. C. William McKinley. B. William H. Taft. D. Theodore Roosevelt. New Test.tgt, Version: 2 3

23 Using the exhibit, choose the letter of the best answer. 25. In total, states had full woman suffrage before A. 25 C. 30 B. 27 D Based on the map, you could infer that Ohio was than Pennsylvania in the early 1900s. A. less progressive C. more progressive B. home to more women D. less concerned with conservation 27. The state of granted full woman suffrage in A. Utah C. Minnesota B. Massachusetts D. Colorado 28. The southwestern state of was more conservative towards woman suffrage than its neighbors. A. Texas C. Arizona B. Nevada D. New Mexico 29. The last states to grant women full suffrage before 1920 were A. New York, Michigan, and South Dakota. C. North Dakota, Nebraska, and Texas. B. Arizona, Oregon, and Kansas. D. Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Michigan. Select the letter of the term, name, or phrase that best matches each description. Note: Some letters may not be used at all. Some may be used more than once. A. Federal Trade Commission F. Florence Kelley B. Federal Reserve System G. William H. Taft C. Progressivism H. Upton Sinclair D. conservation I. Woodrow Wilson E. Square Deal J. Susan B. Anthony 30. a plan that reformed how American banks were organized 31. the movement to protect America's natural resources 32. the term used to describe the progressive reforms of President Theodore Roosevelt New Test.tgt, Version: 2 4

24 33. president whose actions split the Republican party after he angered both progressives and conservationists 34. a leader of the woman suffrage movement 35. reform movement that sought to return control of the government to the people 36. watchdog agency given the power to stop unfair business practices 37. muckraking journalist who exposed the terrible conditions of the meatpacking industry 38. president of the United States who was a former president of Princeton University and governor of New Jersey 39. an advocate for improving the lives of women and children Choose the letter of the best answer. 40. Who gained most from the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment? A. industrial leaders C. ordinary citizens B. party bosses D. state legislators 41. Why were early progressive attempts to enact federal bans on child labor unsuccessful? A. The bans had little public support. C. The Supreme Court ruled such bans unconstitutional. B. Factory owners simply ignored the laws. D. Labor unions fought the legislation. 42. Which of the following best states the primary goal of prohibitionists? A. to eliminate the sale of alcohol to minors C. to reduce the availability of alcohol to minors B. to eliminate the use of alcohol in society D. to reduce accidents in the workplace 43. Which statement best characterizes Roosevelt's position on trusts? A. Some trusts were harmful to the public interest. C. All trusts should be busted. B. Trusts were legal and could not be abolished. D. Trusts were of benefit to the public interest. 44. Which strategy was not employed by woman suffragists to obtain their goal? A. They convinced state legislatures to grant women the C. They advocated a constitutional amendment. right to vote. B. They called for female workers to strike. D. They tested the Fourteenth Amendment in court. 45. What was the primary motivation for passage of the Sixteenth Amendment? A. to reduce the gap between rich and poor C. to curb the power of corporations B. to replace revenue lost by enacting lower tariffs D. to create a war chest to pay for future wars 46. What effect did World War I have on the suffragist movement? A. It delayed action as attention turned to the war effort. C. It had little effect. B. It caused a split within the NAWSA. D. It hastened passage and ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment. 47. Which of the following actions led to the defeat of Taft in 1912? A. his refusal to sign the Payne-Aldrich Tariff C. his failure to unify the Republican Party B. his failure to continue the trustbusting of Roosevelt D. his overuse of the bully pulpit 48. Which of the following was not a result of the introduction of the assembly line? A. reduced hours of the workday C. higher worker turnover B. decreased productivity D. higher wages 49. Which statement best characterizes the position of Gifford Pinchot toward land conservation? A. A multi-use land program was possible. C. Conservation should not interfere with industrial expansion. B. Unrestricted development was acceptable. D. Further privatization should be prohibited. Answer the following question(s) on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper. 50. Which president had the most lasting impact on the major progressive issues? Explain your choice. Think About: - use of the bully pulpit - conservation of natural resources - trustbusting legislation - progress toward civil rights for all citizens - health and safety issues New Test.tgt, Version: 2 5

25 51. During the 1902 coal strike, mine owner George Baer claimed that workers' rights would be protected by the "Christian men to whom God... has given control of the property interests of this country." If you were a mine worker, would you feel protected? Think About: - working conditions in the mines - owners' tactics - child labor - government response 52. What do the experiences of the woman suffragists teach us? Explain at least two lessons that may be learned. Think About: - how they approached their task - how they dealt with setbacks - how they worked together - how they relied on a leader 53. Which groups benefited from the reforms of the Progressive Era? Which groups did not benefit? Explain your answer. Think About: - the average citizen and consumer - organized labor - women and children - big business New Test.tgt, Version: 2 6

26 Document-Based Questions. Historical Context: The growth of big business and big cities contributed to many abuses and problems in the late 1800s. The reformers of the Progressive Era attempted to deal with some of these issues. Study each document carefully and answer the question about it. 54. The man in the advertisement represents people who profit from manufacturing and selling liquor. What is the general meaning of the words printed on the bags of money? New Test.tgt, Version: 2 7

27 55. What effects would the diets described likely have on these children's performance in school? New Test.tgt, Version: 2 8

28 56. What kind of lives do you think the boys in the photograph have? Explain your answer. You may write on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet. 57. What techniques did reformers at the turn of the 20th century use to influence public opinion? Write a brief essay in response to this question, citing evidence and examples from the three documents. You may use the back of this paper or a separate sheet for your essay. (8 points) New Test.tgt, Version: 2 9

29 Document-Based Questions. Historical Context: The growth of big business and big cities contributed to many abuses and problems in the late 1800s. The reformers of the Progressive Era attempted to deal with some of these issues. Study each document carefully and answer the question about it. 58. In 1918, Ohio citizens voted on a referendum to make the sale of alcohol illegal. Does this advertisement encourage Ohioans to vote in favor of the referendum? New Test.tgt, Version: 2 10

30 59. Of the six families listed, how many had three meals a day? New Test.tgt, Version: 2 11

31 60. Describe what you see in this picture. 61. What are some of the abuses and problems that progressive reformers sought to address? Write a brief essay in response to this question, citing evidence and examples from the three documents. You may use the back of this paper or a separate sheet for your essay. (8 points) New Test.tgt, Version: 2 12

32 Document-Based Questions. Historical Context: The growth of big business and big cities contributed to many abuses and problems in the late 1800s. The reformers of the Progressive Era attempted to deal with some of these issues. Study each document carefully and answer the question about it. 62. What conclusion is a reader of this advertisement expected to draw about the people who oppose prohibition? New Test.tgt, Version: 2 13

33 63. Why do you think John Spago went to the trouble to gather the information in the chart? How did he want readers to react to the information? New Test.tgt, Version: 2 14

34 64. What effect might Lewis Hine have hoped this photograph would have on the people who saw it in the early 1900s? 65. How do these three documents reflect the spirit of reform that swept the nation around the turn of the 20th century? Which specific reform movements do the documents represent, and what do the movements have in common? Write a brief essay in response to these questions, citing evidence and examples from the three documents. You may use the back of this paper or a separate sheet for your essay. (8 points) New Test.tgt, Version: 2 15

35 Answer Sheet 1. A. Washington 2. E. Florida 3. D. Maine 4. B. Wyoming 5. C. New Mexico 6. Complete answers should recognize the following points: The political reforms of the Progressive Era were a function of the inefficiency, ineffectiveness, corruption, or unresponsiveness of the government or government leaders. As the country developed into an industrialized society, new laws and regulations were needed. The lesson is that government and its leaders need to listen to the concerns of the people and take action to respond to the needs of the people. Some of the measures put into place at that time still provide opportunities for individual citizens to have more input in government. For example, an initiative may be placed on a ballot by citizens rather than lawmakers. Voters then decide the fate of the initiative in a referendum. Another reform enacted at this time is the recall, by which an elected official may be removed from office. The Seventeenth Amendment, which called for the direct election of senators, is another progressive reform that helps citizens have a more direct say in how government business is conducted. These reforms have made government more responsive to the concerns of the people. Some students may suggest that many people today still find government to be unresponsive to their needs. Political scandals and government corruption cause citizens to become disillusioned. In many elections, fewer than fifty percent of eligible voters actually vote. 7. Complete answers should include the following points: Women organized into such groups as NWSA and NAWSA. They lobbied individual states to grant women the right to vote. They pursued court cases questioning why male citizens had the right to vote while female citizens did not. They sought to involve women from all walks of life in seeking passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. They held public rallies, heckled public officials, and even protested in front of the White House. Students might say that appealing to the states was not very effective since only a few ever granted women the right to vote. Their approach through the court system was not very effective because the Supreme Court ruled that while women were citizens, that did not automatically give them the right to vote. Their most effective tactic was seeking broad support for a constitutional amendment through public demonstrations that could not be overlooked. 8. Students might note that the older states in the East might have been more set in their ways compared to their more recently established neighbors in the West. 9. Students may infer that more and more individual states would have granted women their voting rights as the movement continued to spread. 10. The Nineteenth Amendment did not affect their voting privileges, because they had already gained full suffrage in When women in one state gained voting rights, women in neighboring states might have been more likely to demand their rights. People living in the same region of the country might also have had similar lifestyles and values. 12. Wyoming was the first state to grant women full suffrage, in People in whole regions tended to agree on the issue of woman suffrage, as shown by the large blocks of states with similar laws. 14. The Midwest and West were generally more progressive because states in those regions tended to grant women full or partial suffrage earlier than Eastern and Southern states. 15. D. Florence Kelley. 16. D. Pure Food and Drug Act. 17. C. promoting business monopolies. 18. A. equality among the races. 19. B. journalists. 20. B. an initiative. 21. B. William H. Taft. 22. D. unsanitary conditions in the meat-packing industry. 23. C. servants. 24. D. Theodore Roosevelt. 25. D C. more progressive 27. D. Colorado New Test.tgt, Version: 2 16

36 28. D. New Mexico 29. D. Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Michigan. 30. B. Federal Reserve System 31. D. conservation 32. E. Square Deal 33. G. William H. Taft 34. J. Susan B. Anthony 35. C. Progressivism 36. A. Federal Trade Commission 37. H. Upton Sinclair 38. I. Woodrow Wilson 39. F. Florence Kelley 40. C. ordinary citizens 41. C. The Supreme Court ruled such bans unconstitutional. 42. B. to eliminate the use of alcohol in society 43. A. Some trusts were harmful to the public interest. 44. B. They called for female workers to strike. 45. B. to replace revenue lost by enacting lower tariffs 46. D. It hastened passage and ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment. 47. C. his failure to unify the Republican Party 48. B. decreased productivity 49. A. A multi-use land program was possible. 50. Complete answers should recognize the following points: Roosevelt was the most effective in using the "bully pulpit" to bring about needed reforms. He aggressively used the Sherman Antitrust Act to protect the public from the power of monopolies. He regulated the coal mining industry and the railroads. He also brought about many improvements in public health through the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act. He aggressively sought to conserve the nation's natural resources through legislation such as the National Reclamation Act. Roosevelt even represented the new Progressive Party in the election of Many of the items on the platform of the Progressive Party that year eventually became the law of the land. Taft was not as effective in championing progressive causes. He signed the Payne-Aldrich Tariff, which progressives considered a weak compromise. He fired the conservationist Gifford Pinchot, head of the U.S. Forest Service. Taft failed to win the support of Progressives and lost the election of 1912 decisively. Wilson pleased progressives with the Clayton Antitrust Act and the establishment of the Federal Trade Commission. The FTC continues to have a prominent role in government supervision of business. Wilson also established the Federal Reserve System, which is vital to the success and safety of our current banking system. None of the three presidents did much to further the cause of civil rights for African Americans. 51. Complete answers should include the following points: The statement implies that the men who controlled the nation's wealth were morally superior. However, their treatment of their workers suggested otherwise. Working conditions were unsafe, the hours extremely long, and the wages poor. Children were exploited as well. The statement also suggests that the business owners had achieved their positions by divine decree. In fact, owners very often obtained their advantage through dishonest means such as bribery, threats, and collusion with other industrialists. Mine owners only grudgingly agreed to some worker demands when Roosevelt threatened to take over the mines. He described mine owners such as Baer as having "extraordinary stupidity." Government legislation and trustbusting activities were a response to the abuses of such owners. 52. Complete answers should include at least two points similar to the following: People fighting for an important cause should not give up. Although it took many years to accomplish, the suffragists ultimately reached their goal. Even when they suffered setbacks along the way, they kept working until they succeeded. It's important to be flexible in order to solve problems. The suffragists pursued court cases to test the Fourteenth Amendment, but when the Supreme Court ruled that they did not automatically have the right to vote because they were citizens, they took another approach and worked for a constitutional amendment. There is power in numbers. As more and more women became involved in the cause, it became more likely that the suffragists' voices would be heard. Strong leaders can play a key role. Without the strong leadership and planning of Carrie Chapman Catt, women might have had to wait many more years to gain the right to vote. New Test.tgt, Version: 2 17

37 53. Complete answers should recognize the following points: Average citizens benefited as reforms were passed to improve the quality of their lives. Conservation and preservation efforts were begun. People were given more of a say in how the government would be run. Organized labor benefited by ensuring safer workplaces. Antitrust legislation limited the power of big industry to exploit its workers. Women benefited by winning the right to vote. Children benefited by the passage of child labor laws so that they might attend school instead of being forced to work long hours in unsafe conditions. Consumers benefited from laws to protect the quality of their food. Big business did not benefit as their ability to use unfair business practices was reduced. African Americans did not receive much support in their search for civil rights. 54. The messages on the money bags imply that people who profit from the sale of alcohol do so at the expense of families and children. Liquor hurts families while making liquor traffickers rich. 55. Such children would likely not do well in school because they lack proper nutrition. They would probably drop out of school and take jobs as unskilled laborers, continuing the cycle of poverty. 56. Their families are probably very poor, forcing the boys to go to work rather than attend school. The boys work long hours in a dark factory. 57. The best essays will point out that reformers used advertisements and political cartoons (Document 1), reports of conditions among the poor (Document 2), and documentary photographs (Document 3) to influence public opinion. The advertisement uses a cartoon to depict opponents of prohibition in a negative light. The text of the advertisement also implies that only immoral people do not support prohibition. John Spargo's journalism reveals how bad the situation is for the nation's poor, just as Lewis Hine's photographs document the horrible conditions of child labor. Both Spargo and Hine hope that if more citizens are educated about poverty in America, they will be motivated to do something about it. 58. Yes, the advertisement encourages Ohio citizens to vote for prohibition, or to make the sale of alcohol illegal. 59. Only one family, family 3, had three meals a day. 60. Young boys are working in a glass factory. The surroundings are dark and dirty. The boys' clothes and faces are also dirty. 61. The best answers will point out that reformers sought ways to end the use or abuse of alcohol (Document 1), hunger among poor people (Document 2), and child labor (Document 3). In general, they were interested in improving the lives of working families who were suffering at the hands of greedy industrialists and liquor traffickers. 62. Readers are expected to conclude that only immoral people oppose prohibition-people who want to make big profits no matter what the cost to society or people of generally low moral standards. 63. He might have hoped that people would be shocked to hear how little some Americans had to eat each day. The data are especially alarming because the statistics relate to children. 64. He hoped that viewers would be appalled at the sight of such young boys working in such difficult conditions. The fact that they were working at midnight further demonstrates that the factory owners have no concern for the children's welfare 65. The best essays will point out that all three documents reflect a concern for the welfare of working families, and that the welfare of these families was often threatened by the greed and thoughtlessness of industrialists and other entrepreneurs. Document 1 represents the prohibition movement and appeals to Ohio voters' desire to protect families from the evil effects of alcohol abuse. The advertisement implies that men who drink alcohol buy their liquor with money they should instead spend to feed and clothe their families. It also implies that liquor traffickers make their fortunes at the expense of families. Document 2 represents the social welfare movement, which aimed to help the urban poor. By documenting the inadequate nutrition of poor children, the journalist hopes to make people aware of how poverty affects the lives of children. Document 3, which represents the movement to end child labor, has a similar goal. The photographer highlights the poor working conditions of the boys in the glass factory in the hope of mustering public support for reform. New Test.tgt, Version: 2 18

38 Standards Summary: All Standards In Test FL SS.A FL SS.A.5.4 FL SS.B NCSS IIIb understands the social and cultural impact of immigrant groups and individuals on American society after The student understands U.S. history from 1880 to the present day. uses a variety of maps, geographic technologies including geographic information systems (GIS) and satellite-produced imagery, and other advanced graphic representations to depict geographic problems. create, interpret, use, and synthesize information from various representations of the earth, such as maps, globes, and photographs; NCSS IIIf describe and compare how people create places that reflect culture, human needs, government policy, and current values and ideals as they design and build specialized buildings, neighborhoods, shopping centers, urban centers, industrial parks, and the like; NCSS IIIh NCSS IIc NCSS IV NCSS IVe NCSS Ia NCSS If NCSS VIc NCSS Va NCSS Vb NCSS Xc NCSS Xe describe and assess ways that historical events have been influenced by, and have influenced, physical and human geographic factors in local regional, national, and global settings; identify and describe significant historical periods and patterns of change within and across cultures, such as the development of ancient cultures and civilizations, the rise of nations-states, and social, economic, and political revolutions; Individual Development and Identity. Personal identity is shaped by one's culture, by groups and by institutional influences. Examination of various forms of human behavior enhances understanding of the relationships between social norms and emerging personal identities, the social processes which influence identity formation, and the ethical principles underlying individual action. examine the interactions of ethnic, national, or cultural influences in specific situations or events; analyze and explain the ways groups, societies, and cultures address human needs and concerns; interpret patterns of behavior reflecting values and attitudes that contribute or pose obstacles to cross-cultural understanding; analyze and explain ideas and mechanisms to meet needs and wants of citizens, regulate territory, manage conflict, establish order and security, and balance competing conceptions of a just society; apply concepts such as role, status, and social class in describing the connections and interactions of individuals, groups, and institutions in society; analyze group and institutional influences on people, events, and elements of culture in both historical and contemporary settings; locate, access, analyze, organize, synthesize, evaluate, and apply information about selected public issues-identifying, describing, and evaluating multiple points of view; analyze and evaluate the influence of various forms of citizen action on public policy; New Test.tgt, Version: 2 19

39 Name: Date: Using the exhibit, answer the following questions. 1. Which region of the United States was generally more progressive on woman suffrage? How do you know? 2. Would you say that whole regions rather than isolated states tended to agree on woman suffrage? Explain. Select the letter of the term, name, or phrase that best matches each description. Note: Some letters may not be used at all. Some may be used more than once. A. Woodrow Wilson F. Florence Kelley B. Upton Sinclair G. Square Deal C. Federal Reserve System H. Susan B. Anthony D. conservation I. Progressivism E. Federal Trade Commission J. William H. Taft 3. reform movement that sought to return control of the government to the people 4. the term used to describe the progressive reforms of President Theodore Roosevelt 5. muckraking journalist who exposed the terrible conditions of the meatpacking industry 6. a leader of the woman suffrage movement 7. president of the United States who was a former president of Princeton University and governor of New Jersey 8. watchdog agency given the power to stop unfair business practices 9. president whose actions split the Republican party after he angered both progressives and conservationists 10. a plan that reformed how American banks were organized 11. an advocate for improving the lives of women and children 12. the movement to protect America's natural resources New Test.tgt, Version: 3 1

40 Document-Based Questions. Historical Context: The growth of big business and big cities contributed to many abuses and problems in the late 1800s. The reformers of the Progressive Era attempted to deal with some of these issues. Study each document carefully and answer the question about it. 13. What conclusion is a reader of this advertisement expected to draw about the people who oppose prohibition? New Test.tgt, Version: 3 2

41 14. Why do you think John Spago went to the trouble to gather the information in the chart? How did he want readers to react to the information? New Test.tgt, Version: 3 3

42 15. What effect might Lewis Hine have hoped this photograph would have on the people who saw it in the early 1900s? 16. How do these three documents reflect the spirit of reform that swept the nation around the turn of the 20th century? Which specific reform movements do the documents represent, and what do the movements have in common? Write a brief essay in response to these questions, citing evidence and examples from the three documents. You may use the back of this paper or a separate sheet for your essay. (8 points) New Test.tgt, Version: 3 4

43 Using the exhibit, choose the letter of the best answer. 17. In total, states had full woman suffrage before A. 25 C. 30 B. 27 D Based on the map, you could infer that Ohio was than Pennsylvania in the early 1900s. A. less concerned with conservation C. more progressive B. less progressive D. home to more women 19. The southwestern state of was more conservative towards woman suffrage than its neighbors. A. Nevada C. Arizona B. New Mexico D. Texas 20. The state of granted full woman suffrage in A. Minnesota C. Colorado B. Utah D. Massachusetts 21. The last states to grant women full suffrage before 1920 were A. Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Michigan. C. New York, Michigan, and South Dakota. B. North Dakota, Nebraska, and Texas. D. Arizona, Oregon, and Kansas. Answer the following question(s) on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper. 22. Which groups benefited from the reforms of the Progressive Era? Which groups did not benefit? Explain your answer. Think About: - the average citizen and consumer - organized labor - women and children - big business New Test.tgt, Version: 3 5

44 23. What do the experiences of the woman suffragists teach us? Explain at least two lessons that may be learned. Think About: - how they approached their task - how they dealt with setbacks - how they worked together - how they relied on a leader Choose the letter of the best answer. 24. Muckrakers were A. conservationists. C. politicians. B. journalists. D. suffragists. 25. In The Jungle, Upton Sinclair exposed A. unsanitary conditions in the meat-packing industry. C. dangers faced by coal miners. B. corrupt business practices of the Standard Oil Company. D. illegal deals between special interests and the government. 26. In the election of 1912, the candidate considered least pleasing to reformers was A. Eugene V. Debs. C. Woodrow Wilson. B. Theodore Roosevelt. D. William H. Taft. 27. The law that required truthful labels was the A. Pure Food and Drug Act. C. Sherman Antitrust Act. B. Interstate Commerce Act. D. Meat Inspection Act. 28. All of the following were actively involved in securing the right to vote for women except A. Elizabeth Cady Stanton. C. Carrie Chapman Catt. B. Florence Kelley. D. Susan B. Anthony. 29. In the mid-1800s, the majority of women who held jobs worked as A. teachers. C. clerks. B. telephone operators. D. servants. 30. The primary goal of the NAACP was A. regulation of the banking industry. C. voting rights for women. B. better working conditions. D. equality among the races. 31. The first person to use the presidency as a "bully pulpit" was A. Theodore Roosevelt. C. William McKinley. B. William H. Taft. D. Woodrow Wilson. 32. A bill that originates from the people rather than legislators is known as A. a referendum. C. an amendment. B. a recall. D. an initiative. 33. The progressive movement regarded all of the following as worthy goals except A. protecting social welfare. C. fostering efficiency in the workplace. B. creating economic reform. D. promoting business monopolies. New Test.tgt, Version: 3 6

45 Using the exhibit, choose the letter of the best answer. A. Maine D. New Mexico B. Florida E. Washington C. Wyoming 34. This state granted full woman suffrage in This New England state allowed women to vote in some elections before This southeastern state had statewide woman suffrage only after This state had no statewide woman suffrage before 1920 but was surrounded by other states that had partial or full woman suffrage. 38. This state was the first to grant women full voting rights. New Test.tgt, Version: 3 7

46 Document-Based Questions. Historical Context: The growth of big business and big cities contributed to many abuses and problems in the late 1800s. The reformers of the Progressive Era attempted to deal with some of these issues. Study each document carefully and answer the question about it. 39. In 1918, Ohio citizens voted on a referendum to make the sale of alcohol illegal. Does this advertisement encourage Ohioans to vote in favor of the referendum? New Test.tgt, Version: 3 8

47 40. Of the six families listed, how many had three meals a day? New Test.tgt, Version: 3 9

48 41. Describe what you see in this picture. 42. What are some of the abuses and problems that progressive reformers sought to address? Write a brief essay in response to this question, citing evidence and examples from the three documents. You may use the back of this paper or a separate sheet for your essay. (8 points) Answer the following question(s) on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper. 43. How do the political reforms of the Progressive Era affect the way government functions today? Explain your answer. Think About: - responsiveness of government - initiative, referendum, and recall - the Seventeenth Amendment - voter turnout New Test.tgt, Version: 3 10

49 44. What were some of the methods used by women in the 1800s to win the right to vote? In your opinion, which was the most effective? Explain your answer. Think About: - women's right to vote in individual states - what the Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed - the number of women involved - methods used to gain attention Choose the letter of the best answer. 45. Which strategy was not employed by woman suffragists to obtain their goal? A. They convinced state legislatures to grant women the C. They called for female workers to strike. right to vote. B. They tested the Fourteenth Amendment in court. D. They advocated a constitutional amendment. 46. What was the primary motivation for passage of the Sixteenth Amendment? A. to replace revenue lost by enacting lower tariffs C. to curb the power of corporations B. to reduce the gap between rich and poor D. to create a war chest to pay for future wars 47. Which statement best characterizes Roosevelt's position on trusts? A. Trusts were legal and could not be abolished. C. Some trusts were harmful to the public interest. B. Trusts were of benefit to the public interest. D. All trusts should be busted. 48. Which of the following was not a result of the introduction of the assembly line? A. higher worker turnover C. reduced hours of the workday B. higher wages D. decreased productivity 49. Which of the following actions led to the defeat of Taft in 1912? A. his failure to unify the Republican Party C. his overuse of the bully pulpit B. his failure to continue the trustbusting of Roosevelt D. his refusal to sign the Payne-Aldrich Tariff 50. What effect did World War I have on the suffragist movement? A. It had little effect. C. It caused a split within the NAWSA. B. It hastened passage and ratification of the Nineteenth D. It delayed action as attention turned to the war effort. Amendment. 51. Who gained most from the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment? A. ordinary citizens C. party bosses B. industrial leaders D. state legislators 52. Why were early progressive attempts to enact federal bans on child labor unsuccessful? A. Labor unions fought the legislation. C. The bans had little public support. B. Factory owners simply ignored the laws. D. The Supreme Court ruled such bans unconstitutional. 53. Which statement best characterizes the position of Gifford Pinchot toward land conservation? A. A multi-use land program was possible. C. Conservation should not interfere with industrial expansion. B. Unrestricted development was acceptable. D. Further privatization should be prohibited. 54. Which of the following best states the primary goal of prohibitionists? A. to eliminate the use of alcohol in society C. to eliminate the sale of alcohol to minors B. to reduce the availability of alcohol to minors D. to reduce accidents in the workplace New Test.tgt, Version: 3 11

50 Document-Based Questions. Historical Context: The growth of big business and big cities contributed to many abuses and problems in the late 1800s. The reformers of the Progressive Era attempted to deal with some of these issues. Study each document carefully and answer the question about it. 55. The man in the advertisement represents people who profit from manufacturing and selling liquor. What is the general meaning of the words printed on the bags of money? New Test.tgt, Version: 3 12

51 56. What effects would the diets described likely have on these children's performance in school? New Test.tgt, Version: 3 13

52 57. What kind of lives do you think the boys in the photograph have? Explain your answer. You may write on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet. 58. What techniques did reformers at the turn of the 20th century use to influence public opinion? Write a brief essay in response to this question, citing evidence and examples from the three documents. You may use the back of this paper or a separate sheet for your essay. (8 points) New Test.tgt, Version: 3 14

53 Using the exhibit, answer the following questions. 59. Why might Wyoming have been called the most progressive state on the issue of woman suffrage? 60. Why might large blocks of states have tended to have similar laws on woman suffrage? 61. If the Nineteenth Amendment had not passed in 1920, how do you think this map would have looked in 1930? Why? 62. Why do you think the East was generally less progressive toward woman suffrage than the Midwest and West? 63. How did the Nineteenth Amendment affect women's voting rights in California? Answer the following question(s) on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper. 64. Which president had the most lasting impact on the major progressive issues? Explain your choice. Think About: - use of the bully pulpit - conservation of natural resources - trustbusting legislation - progress toward civil rights for all citizens - health and safety issues New Test.tgt, Version: 3 15

54 65. During the 1902 coal strike, mine owner George Baer claimed that workers' rights would be protected by the "Christian men to whom God... has given control of the property interests of this country." If you were a mine worker, would you feel protected? Think About: - working conditions in the mines - owners' tactics - child labor - government response New Test.tgt, Version: 3 16

55 Answer Sheet 1. The Midwest and West were generally more progressive because states in those regions tended to grant women full or partial suffrage earlier than Eastern and Southern states. 2. People in whole regions tended to agree on the issue of woman suffrage, as shown by the large blocks of states with similar laws. 3. I. Progressivism 4. G. Square Deal 5. B. Upton Sinclair 6. H. Susan B. Anthony 7. A. Woodrow Wilson 8. E. Federal Trade Commission 9. J. William H. Taft 10. C. Federal Reserve System 11. F. Florence Kelley 12. D. conservation 13. Readers are expected to conclude that only immoral people oppose prohibition-people who want to make big profits no matter what the cost to society or people of generally low moral standards. 14. He might have hoped that people would be shocked to hear how little some Americans had to eat each day. The data are especially alarming because the statistics relate to children. 15. He hoped that viewers would be appalled at the sight of such young boys working in such difficult conditions. The fact that they were working at midnight further demonstrates that the factory owners have no concern for the children's welfare 16. The best essays will point out that all three documents reflect a concern for the welfare of working families, and that the welfare of these families was often threatened by the greed and thoughtlessness of industrialists and other entrepreneurs. Document 1 represents the prohibition movement and appeals to Ohio voters' desire to protect families from the evil effects of alcohol abuse. The advertisement implies that men who drink alcohol buy their liquor with money they should instead spend to feed and clothe their families. It also implies that liquor traffickers make their fortunes at the expense of families. Document 2 represents the social welfare movement, which aimed to help the urban poor. By documenting the inadequate nutrition of poor children, the journalist hopes to make people aware of how poverty affects the lives of children. Document 3, which represents the movement to end child labor, has a similar goal. The photographer highlights the poor working conditions of the boys in the glass factory in the hope of mustering public support for reform. 17. D C. more progressive 19. B. New Mexico 20. C. Colorado 21. A. Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Michigan. 22. Complete answers should recognize the following points: Average citizens benefited as reforms were passed to improve the quality of their lives. Conservation and preservation efforts were begun. People were given more of a say in how the government would be run. Organized labor benefited by ensuring safer workplaces. Antitrust legislation limited the power of big industry to exploit its workers. Women benefited by winning the right to vote. Children benefited by the passage of child labor laws so that they might attend school instead of being forced to work long hours in unsafe conditions. Consumers benefited from laws to protect the quality of their food. Big business did not benefit as their ability to use unfair business practices was reduced. African Americans did not receive much support in their search for civil rights. 23. Complete answers should include at least two points similar to the following: People fighting for an important cause should not give up. Although it took many years to accomplish, the suffragists ultimately reached their goal. Even when they suffered setbacks along the way, they kept working until they succeeded. It's important to be flexible in order to solve problems. The suffragists pursued court cases to test the Fourteenth Amendment, but when the Supreme Court ruled that they did not automatically have the right to vote because they were citizens, they took another approach and worked for a constitutional amendment. There is power in numbers. As more and more women became involved in the cause, it became more likely that the suffragists' voices would be heard. Strong leaders can play a key role. Without the strong leadership and planning of Carrie Chapman Catt, women might have had to wait many more years to gain the right to vote. 24. B. journalists. 25. A. unsanitary conditions in the meat-packing industry. New Test.tgt, Version: 3 17

56 26. D. William H. Taft. 27. A. Pure Food and Drug Act. 28. B. Florence Kelley. 29. D. servants. 30. D. equality among the races. 31. A. Theodore Roosevelt. 32. D. an initiative. 33. D. promoting business monopolies. 34. E. Washington 35. A. Maine 36. B. Florida 37. D. New Mexico 38. C. Wyoming 39. Yes, the advertisement encourages Ohio citizens to vote for prohibition, or to make the sale of alcohol illegal. 40. Only one family, family 3, had three meals a day. 41. Young boys are working in a glass factory. The surroundings are dark and dirty. The boys' clothes and faces are also dirty. 42. The best answers will point out that reformers sought ways to end the use or abuse of alcohol (Document 1), hunger among poor people (Document 2), and child labor (Document 3). In general, they were interested in improving the lives of working families who were suffering at the hands of greedy industrialists and liquor traffickers. 43. Complete answers should recognize the following points: The political reforms of the Progressive Era were a function of the inefficiency, ineffectiveness, corruption, or unresponsiveness of the government or government leaders. As the country developed into an industrialized society, new laws and regulations were needed. The lesson is that government and its leaders need to listen to the concerns of the people and take action to respond to the needs of the people. Some of the measures put into place at that time still provide opportunities for individual citizens to have more input in government. For example, an initiative may be placed on a ballot by citizens rather than lawmakers. Voters then decide the fate of the initiative in a referendum. Another reform enacted at this time is the recall, by which an elected official may be removed from office. The Seventeenth Amendment, which called for the direct election of senators, is another progressive reform that helps citizens have a more direct say in how government business is conducted. These reforms have made government more responsive to the concerns of the people. Some students may suggest that many people today still find government to be unresponsive to their needs. Political scandals and government corruption cause citizens to become disillusioned. In many elections, fewer than fifty percent of eligible voters actually vote. 44. Complete answers should include the following points: Women organized into such groups as NWSA and NAWSA. They lobbied individual states to grant women the right to vote. They pursued court cases questioning why male citizens had the right to vote while female citizens did not. They sought to involve women from all walks of life in seeking passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. They held public rallies, heckled public officials, and even protested in front of the White House. Students might say that appealing to the states was not very effective since only a few ever granted women the right to vote. Their approach through the court system was not very effective because the Supreme Court ruled that while women were citizens, that did not automatically give them the right to vote. Their most effective tactic was seeking broad support for a constitutional amendment through public demonstrations that could not be overlooked. 45. C. They called for female workers to strike. 46. A. to replace revenue lost by enacting lower tariffs 47. C. Some trusts were harmful to the public interest. 48. D. decreased productivity 49. A. his failure to unify the Republican Party 50. B. It hastened passage and ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment. 51. A. ordinary citizens 52. D. The Supreme Court ruled such bans unconstitutional. 53. A. A multi-use land program was possible. 54. A. to eliminate the use of alcohol in society New Test.tgt, Version: 3 18

57 55. The messages on the money bags imply that people who profit from the sale of alcohol do so at the expense of families and children. Liquor hurts families while making liquor traffickers rich. 56. Such children would likely not do well in school because they lack proper nutrition. They would probably drop out of school and take jobs as unskilled laborers, continuing the cycle of poverty. 57. Their families are probably very poor, forcing the boys to go to work rather than attend school. The boys work long hours in a dark factory. 58. The best essays will point out that reformers used advertisements and political cartoons (Document 1), reports of conditions among the poor (Document 2), and documentary photographs (Document 3) to influence public opinion. The advertisement uses a cartoon to depict opponents of prohibition in a negative light. The text of the advertisement also implies that only immoral people do not support prohibition. John Spargo's journalism reveals how bad the situation is for the nation's poor, just as Lewis Hine's photographs document the horrible conditions of child labor. Both Spargo and Hine hope that if more citizens are educated about poverty in America, they will be motivated to do something about it. 59. Wyoming was the first state to grant women full suffrage, in When women in one state gained voting rights, women in neighboring states might have been more likely to demand their rights. People living in the same region of the country might also have had similar lifestyles and values. 61. Students may infer that more and more individual states would have granted women their voting rights as the movement continued to spread. 62. Students might note that the older states in the East might have been more set in their ways compared to their more recently established neighbors in the West. 63. The Nineteenth Amendment did not affect their voting privileges, because they had already gained full suffrage in Complete answers should recognize the following points: Roosevelt was the most effective in using the "bully pulpit" to bring about needed reforms. He aggressively used the Sherman Antitrust Act to protect the public from the power of monopolies. He regulated the coal mining industry and the railroads. He also brought about many improvements in public health through the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act. He aggressively sought to conserve the nation's natural resources through legislation such as the National Reclamation Act. Roosevelt even represented the new Progressive Party in the election of Many of the items on the platform of the Progressive Party that year eventually became the law of the land. Taft was not as effective in championing progressive causes. He signed the Payne-Aldrich Tariff, which progressives considered a weak compromise. He fired the conservationist Gifford Pinchot, head of the U.S. Forest Service. Taft failed to win the support of Progressives and lost the election of 1912 decisively. Wilson pleased progressives with the Clayton Antitrust Act and the establishment of the Federal Trade Commission. The FTC continues to have a prominent role in government supervision of business. Wilson also established the Federal Reserve System, which is vital to the success and safety of our current banking system. None of the three presidents did much to further the cause of civil rights for African Americans. 65. Complete answers should include the following points: The statement implies that the men who controlled the nation's wealth were morally superior. However, their treatment of their workers suggested otherwise. Working conditions were unsafe, the hours extremely long, and the wages poor. Children were exploited as well. The statement also suggests that the business owners had achieved their positions by divine decree. In fact, owners very often obtained their advantage through dishonest means such as bribery, threats, and collusion with other industrialists. Mine owners only grudgingly agreed to some worker demands when Roosevelt threatened to take over the mines. He described mine owners such as Baer as having "extraordinary stupidity." Government legislation and trustbusting activities were a response to the abuses of such owners. New Test.tgt, Version: 3 19

58 Standards Summary: All Standards In Test FL SS.A FL SS.A.5.4 FL SS.B NCSS IIIb understands the social and cultural impact of immigrant groups and individuals on American society after The student understands U.S. history from 1880 to the present day. uses a variety of maps, geographic technologies including geographic information systems (GIS) and satellite-produced imagery, and other advanced graphic representations to depict geographic problems. create, interpret, use, and synthesize information from various representations of the earth, such as maps, globes, and photographs; NCSS IIIf describe and compare how people create places that reflect culture, human needs, government policy, and current values and ideals as they design and build specialized buildings, neighborhoods, shopping centers, urban centers, industrial parks, and the like; NCSS IIIh NCSS IIc NCSS IV NCSS IVe NCSS Ia NCSS If NCSS VIc NCSS Va NCSS Vb NCSS Xc NCSS Xe describe and assess ways that historical events have been influenced by, and have influenced, physical and human geographic factors in local regional, national, and global settings; identify and describe significant historical periods and patterns of change within and across cultures, such as the development of ancient cultures and civilizations, the rise of nations-states, and social, economic, and political revolutions; Individual Development and Identity. Personal identity is shaped by one's culture, by groups and by institutional influences. Examination of various forms of human behavior enhances understanding of the relationships between social norms and emerging personal identities, the social processes which influence identity formation, and the ethical principles underlying individual action. examine the interactions of ethnic, national, or cultural influences in specific situations or events; analyze and explain the ways groups, societies, and cultures address human needs and concerns; interpret patterns of behavior reflecting values and attitudes that contribute or pose obstacles to cross-cultural understanding; analyze and explain ideas and mechanisms to meet needs and wants of citizens, regulate territory, manage conflict, establish order and security, and balance competing conceptions of a just society; apply concepts such as role, status, and social class in describing the connections and interactions of individuals, groups, and institutions in society; analyze group and institutional influences on people, events, and elements of culture in both historical and contemporary settings; locate, access, analyze, organize, synthesize, evaluate, and apply information about selected public issues-identifying, describing, and evaluating multiple points of view; analyze and evaluate the influence of various forms of citizen action on public policy; New Test.tgt, Version: 3 20

59 Name: Date: Using the exhibit, answer the following questions. 1. How did the Nineteenth Amendment affect women's voting rights in California? 2. Why do you think the East was generally less progressive toward woman suffrage than the Midwest and West? 3. Why might large blocks of states have tended to have similar laws on woman suffrage? 4. Why might Wyoming have been called the most progressive state on the issue of woman suffrage? 5. If the Nineteenth Amendment had not passed in 1920, how do you think this map would have looked in 1930? Why? Answer the following question(s) on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper. 6. Which groups benefited from the reforms of the Progressive Era? Which groups did not benefit? Explain your answer. Think About: - the average citizen and consumer - organized labor - women and children - big business 7. What do the experiences of the woman suffragists teach us? Explain at least two lessons that may be learned. Think About: - how they approached their task - how they dealt with setbacks - how they worked together - how they relied on a leader New Test.tgt, Version: 4 1

60 Select the letter of the term, name, or phrase that best matches each description. Note: Some letters may not be used at all. Some may be used more than once. A. Upton Sinclair F. Federal Trade Commission B. conservation G. Susan B. Anthony C. Woodrow Wilson H. Florence Kelley D. Federal Reserve System I. William H. Taft E. Progressivism J. Square Deal 8. president whose actions split the Republican party after he angered both progressives and conservationists 9. watchdog agency given the power to stop unfair business practices 10. the movement to protect America's natural resources 11. reform movement that sought to return control of the government to the people 12. a plan that reformed how American banks were organized 13. muckraking journalist who exposed the terrible conditions of the meatpacking industry 14. the term used to describe the progressive reforms of President Theodore Roosevelt 15. president of the United States who was a former president of Princeton University and governor of New Jersey 16. an advocate for improving the lives of women and children 17. a leader of the woman suffrage movement Answer the following question(s) on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper. 18. Which president had the most lasting impact on the major progressive issues? Explain your choice. Think About: - use of the bully pulpit - conservation of natural resources - trustbusting legislation - progress toward civil rights for all citizens - health and safety issues 19. During the 1902 coal strike, mine owner George Baer claimed that workers' rights would be protected by the "Christian men to whom God... has given control of the property interests of this country." If you were a mine worker, would you feel protected? Think About: - working conditions in the mines - owners' tactics - child labor - government response Choose the letter of the best answer. 20. The first person to use the presidency as a "bully pulpit" was A. William H. Taft. C. Woodrow Wilson. B. Theodore Roosevelt. D. William McKinley. 21. A bill that originates from the people rather than legislators is known as A. an initiative. C. a recall. B. an amendment. D. a referendum. 22. The primary goal of the NAACP was A. voting rights for women. C. regulation of the banking industry. B. equality among the races. D. better working conditions. 23. All of the following were actively involved in securing the right to vote for women except A. Elizabeth Cady Stanton. C. Carrie Chapman Catt. B. Florence Kelley. D. Susan B. Anthony. 24. The law that required truthful labels was the A. Interstate Commerce Act. C. Meat Inspection Act. B. Sherman Antitrust Act. D. Pure Food and Drug Act. New Test.tgt, Version: 4 2

61 25. The progressive movement regarded all of the following as worthy goals except A. promoting business monopolies. C. protecting social welfare. B. creating economic reform. D. fostering efficiency in the workplace. 26. In the mid-1800s, the majority of women who held jobs worked as A. telephone operators. C. teachers. B. clerks. D. servants. 27. In the election of 1912, the candidate considered least pleasing to reformers was A. Eugene V. Debs. C. Theodore Roosevelt. B. William H. Taft. D. Woodrow Wilson. 28. In The Jungle, Upton Sinclair exposed A. unsanitary conditions in the meat-packing industry. C. corrupt business practices of the Standard Oil Company. B. illegal deals between special interests and the D. dangers faced by coal miners. government. 29. Muckrakers were A. conservationists. C. journalists. B. politicians. D. suffragists. Answer the following question(s) on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper. 30. What were some of the methods used by women in the 1800s to win the right to vote? In your opinion, which was the most effective? Explain your answer. Think About: - women's right to vote in individual states - what the Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed - the number of women involved - methods used to gain attention 31. How do the political reforms of the Progressive Era affect the way government functions today? Explain your answer. Think About: - responsiveness of government - initiative, referendum, and recall - the Seventeenth Amendment - voter turnout Choose the letter of the best answer. 32. Which of the following was not a result of the introduction of the assembly line? A. higher worker turnover C. reduced hours of the workday B. decreased productivity D. higher wages 33. Which of the following actions led to the defeat of Taft in 1912? A. his refusal to sign the Payne-Aldrich Tariff C. his failure to unify the Republican Party B. his failure to continue the trustbusting of Roosevelt D. his overuse of the bully pulpit 34. Which statement best characterizes the position of Gifford Pinchot toward land conservation? A. Further privatization should be prohibited. C. Unrestricted development was acceptable. B. A multi-use land program was possible. D. Conservation should not interfere with industrial expansion. 35. Who gained most from the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment? A. industrial leaders C. state legislators B. party bosses D. ordinary citizens 36. Which statement best characterizes Roosevelt's position on trusts? A. All trusts should be busted. C. Trusts were legal and could not be abolished. B. Some trusts were harmful to the public interest. D. Trusts were of benefit to the public interest. 37. Which strategy was not employed by woman suffragists to obtain their goal? A. They advocated a constitutional amendment. C. They called for female workers to strike. B. They convinced state legislatures to grant women the D. They tested the Fourteenth Amendment in court. right to vote. 38. Why were early progressive attempts to enact federal bans on child labor unsuccessful? A. The Supreme Court ruled such bans unconstitutional. C. Labor unions fought the legislation. B. The bans had little public support. D. Factory owners simply ignored the laws. New Test.tgt, Version: 4 3

62 39. What was the primary motivation for passage of the Sixteenth Amendment? A. to replace revenue lost by enacting lower tariffs C. to curb the power of corporations B. to create a war chest to pay for future wars D. to reduce the gap between rich and poor 40. Which of the following best states the primary goal of prohibitionists? A. to eliminate the use of alcohol in society C. to eliminate the sale of alcohol to minors B. to reduce the availability of alcohol to minors D. to reduce accidents in the workplace 41. What effect did World War I have on the suffragist movement? A. It hastened passage and ratification of the Nineteenth C. It delayed action as attention turned to the war effort. Amendment. B. It caused a split within the NAWSA. D. It had little effect. Using the exhibit, choose the letter of the best answer. A. Florida D. Washington B. Maine E. New Mexico C. Wyoming 42. This state had no statewide woman suffrage before 1920 but was surrounded by other states that had partial or full woman suffrage. 43. This state was the first to grant women full voting rights. 44. This state granted full woman suffrage in This New England state allowed women to vote in some elections before This southeastern state had statewide woman suffrage only after Using the exhibit, answer the following questions. 47. Would you say that whole regions rather than isolated states tended to agree on woman suffrage? Explain. 48. Which region of the United States was generally more progressive on woman suffrage? How do you know? New Test.tgt, Version: 4 4

63 Document-Based Questions. Historical Context: The growth of big business and big cities contributed to many abuses and problems in the late 1800s. The reformers of the Progressive Era attempted to deal with some of these issues. Study each document carefully and answer the question about it. 49. In 1918, Ohio citizens voted on a referendum to make the sale of alcohol illegal. Does this advertisement encourage Ohioans to vote in favor of the referendum? New Test.tgt, Version: 4 5

64 50. Of the six families listed, how many had three meals a day? New Test.tgt, Version: 4 6

65 51. Describe what you see in this picture. 52. What are some of the abuses and problems that progressive reformers sought to address? Write a brief essay in response to this question, citing evidence and examples from the three documents. You may use the back of this paper or a separate sheet for your essay. (8 points) New Test.tgt, Version: 4 7

66 Using the exhibit, choose the letter of the best answer. 53. The state of granted full woman suffrage in A. Utah C. Colorado B. Minnesota D. Massachusetts 54. The southwestern state of was more conservative towards woman suffrage than its neighbors. A. Arizona C. New Mexico B. Nevada D. Texas 55. Based on the map, you could infer that Ohio was than Pennsylvania in the early 1900s. A. home to more women C. less progressive B. less concerned with conservation D. more progressive 56. The last states to grant women full suffrage before 1920 were A. Arizona, Oregon, and Kansas. C. North Dakota, Nebraska, and Texas. B. New York, Michigan, and South Dakota. D. Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Michigan. 57. In total, states had full woman suffrage before A. 15 C. 25 B. 27 D. 30 New Test.tgt, Version: 4 8

67 Document-Based Questions. Historical Context: The growth of big business and big cities contributed to many abuses and problems in the late 1800s. The reformers of the Progressive Era attempted to deal with some of these issues. Study each document carefully and answer the question about it. 58. What conclusion is a reader of this advertisement expected to draw about the people who oppose prohibition? New Test.tgt, Version: 4 9

68 59. Why do you think John Spago went to the trouble to gather the information in the chart? How did he want readers to react to the information? New Test.tgt, Version: 4 10

69 60. What effect might Lewis Hine have hoped this photograph would have on the people who saw it in the early 1900s? 61. How do these three documents reflect the spirit of reform that swept the nation around the turn of the 20th century? Which specific reform movements do the documents represent, and what do the movements have in common? Write a brief essay in response to these questions, citing evidence and examples from the three documents. You may use the back of this paper or a separate sheet for your essay. (8 points) New Test.tgt, Version: 4 11

70 Document-Based Questions. Historical Context: The growth of big business and big cities contributed to many abuses and problems in the late 1800s. The reformers of the Progressive Era attempted to deal with some of these issues. Study each document carefully and answer the question about it. 62. The man in the advertisement represents people who profit from manufacturing and selling liquor. What is the general meaning of the words printed on the bags of money? New Test.tgt, Version: 4 12

71 63. What effects would the diets described likely have on these children's performance in school? New Test.tgt, Version: 4 13

72 64. What kind of lives do you think the boys in the photograph have? Explain your answer. You may write on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet. 65. What techniques did reformers at the turn of the 20th century use to influence public opinion? Write a brief essay in response to this question, citing evidence and examples from the three documents. You may use the back of this paper or a separate sheet for your essay. (8 points) New Test.tgt, Version: 4 14