Cold War. What is it? Why does it develop? What does it take to win? How is it fought? What are the consequences?

Transcription

1 The Cold War

2 Cold War What is it? Why does it develop? What does it take to win? How is it fought? What are the consequences?

3 Cold War What is it? Conflict, tension U.S. & allies mostly in western Europe vs. U.S.S.R., satellites, & allies

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5 Cold War Why does it develop? Differences between US & USSR Economic Political Ideological (beliefs)

6 Cold War What does it take to win? Economic prosperity Collective security Military Superiority Weapons Superiority

7 Economic Prosperity European Recovery Program Marshall Plan

8 Economic Prosperity Truman Doctrine

9 Collective Security NATO SEATO

10 Collective Security Warsaw Pact

11 NATO & Warsaw Pact nations

12 Weapons superiority nuclear deterrence arms race

13 Weapons superiority Space race Sputnik October 1957

14 Military superiority Size Strength Training Technology NSC 68

15 Information superiority intelligence - gathering & analysis

16 Intelligence Human Spies Espionage Signals intelligence Intercepting communications Imagery intelligence Aerial & satellite photography

17 Information superiority intelligence National Security Act KGB

18 National Security Act 1947 CIA U.S. Air Force National Security Council Joint Chiefs of Staff

19 U-2 spy plane

20 Cold War Foreign Policy George Kennan State Dept Containment Prevent ( contain ) spread of Communism

21 Cold War Foreign Policy Domino Theory

22 Containment successes Marshall Plan Western Europe Truman Doctrine Greece & Turkey

23 Containment failure Fall of China

24 Containment policy tested Korea

25 Korean War U.N. police action proxy war Major powers use 3 rd party as substitutes for fighting each other directly

26 Other Cold War proxy wars Vietnam Angolan & Other African Wars of Independence Middle East conflicts Arab nations vs. Israel Lebanese Civil War Soviet invasion of Afghanistan Cuba, Chile, Nicaragua

27 Threat of Communism at home Pre-WWII H.U.A.C. subversive activities

28 Threat of Communism at home Hollywood & the entertainment industry

29 MPAPAI (also MPA ) Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals Clark Gable John Wayne

30 MPAPAI statement: We believe in, and like, the American way of life: the liberty and freedom which generations before us have fought to create and preserve; the freedom to speak, to think, to live, to worship, to work, and to govern ourselves as individuals, as free men; the right to succeed or fail as free men, according to the measure of our ability and our strength. Believing in these things, we find ourselves in sharp revolt against a rising tide of communism, fascism, and kindred beliefs, that seek by subversive means to undermine and change this way of life As members of the motion-picture industry, we must face and accept an especial responsibility. Motion pictures are inescapably one of the world's greatest forces for influencing public thought and opinion, both at home and abroad. In this fact lies solemn obligation. We refuse to permit the effort of Communist, Fascist, and other totalitarian-minded groups to pervert this powerful medium into an instrument for the dissemination of un-american ideas and beliefs

31 Edward G. Robinson Orson Welles

32 Threat of Communism at home Executive Order 9835 Loyalty reviews List of subversive organizations NAZI Party KKK National Negro Congress League of American Writers

33 Second Red Scare Alger Hiss Klaus Fuchs Julius & Ethel Rosenberg

34 Threat of Communism at home I have here in my hand a list of 205 a list of names [of] members of the Communist Party who are still working in the State Department Senator Joe McCarthy

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36 End of McCarthyism Army-McCarthy Hearings

37 Consequences of Second Red Scare Loss of job, imprisonment Culture of Suspicion, accusation Guilt by association Loyalty oaths Blacklisting Censorship Forced conformity