1 Introduction. Laura Werup Final Exam Fall 2013 IBP Pol. Sci.

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "1 Introduction. Laura Werup Final Exam Fall 2013 IBP Pol. Sci."

Transcription

1 1 Introduction 1.1 Background A distinction has been drawn between domestic and international realms of politics, reflecting differences between what occurs within the state and what occurs in relations between states (Heywood:2013:434). This paper discusses differences between the character of political power domestic and international politics. It argues and concludes that domestic political power and international political power are derived from and recognized by fundamentally different sources. Domestic political power is derived partly from law, partly from the hard power within the sovereign state, whereas international political power comes from the binding resolutions and international agreements build upon international collaboration. As the global environment is changing, the advent of an interdependent world has cast significant doubt upon the viability of these distinctions (Heywood:2013:26). I have therefore chosen to build this assignment on questioning how the concept of legitimacy may be applied in order to political power is it possible to reach legitimacy beyond the sovereign state to the international context? How can international cooperation redistribute domestic power between state and society? Redistribution generally empowers national executives, permitting them to loosen domestic constraints imposed by legislatures, interest groups, and other societal actors. These shifts as domestic influence have important consequences for the nature of international cooperation and the salience of state sovereignty remains however crucial for the singular voice (Moravesik:1994). 1.2 Purpose and method In order to justify my investigation, the first part offers three variables that will define and structure the framework for my argumentation. Based on theories from scholars (1) Power and Politics (2) Legitimacy (3) New Institutionalism and Sovereignty are key concepts as they give weight when examining power in various contexts. With my concepts defined, I will analyse legitimacy in its broadest sense: what are the challenges? How does the global development affect domestic power if the state sovereignty is confronted? The empirical point of departure will draw on the growth of human rights and how the United Nations on institutional basis can be seen as encounter to state power. Before concluding, I will in the third section look into how rethinking balance of power might shape and influence discussions in this field illustrated upon the notions hard - and soft power. 1

2 Given the limited remit of my paper I have decided to make a mainly theoretical argument with narrow use of examples. Commonly, the differences between the character of political power in international and domestic politics, would have been a relevant case study of the 1990 s Liberia s example of a failed power state (Heywood:2013:77). However, due to limited time and space I have chosen to exclude any case study from this paper. 2 Key concepts 2.1 Power Power is probably the most fundamental concept of political analysis because politics is, in essence, power: the ability to achieve a desired outcome for a particular purpose (Heywood:2013:10). I will in this assignment review contributions of Dahl, Bachrach & Baratz, and Lukes to understand the multiple faces of power. Dahl made judgements about who had power by analysing decisions of the known preferences of the actors involved (Dahl:1961). This implies that different interests collide and result in that A gets B to do something B would not otherwise have done (ibid). Trough the lens of Bachrach and Baratz, the second face of power the ability to prevent decisions being made (Heywood:2013:9). This involves the ability to control the political agenda. The third face is what Lukes denominates as ideological power, which reminds of the second model, but aspires on real interests where forced consciousness and psychological control enforces the meaning (ibid). Lukes power is applicable in the different stages of the policy process where agenda setting is of importance. Controlling the agenda implements a lot of power and impact on the policy formulation where negotiation takes place (Heywood:2013:10). 2.2 Power politics Heywood alleges that politics is the activity through which people make, preserve and amend the general rules under which they live (Heywood:2013:3). Linked to the phenomena of conflict and cooperation, politics draw a picture of being the reason through which people either create or achieve compromising in disagreements. The general discussions about defining politics may however shift broadly depending on context and ideological approaches. In this assignment I have chosen to see politics as the exercise of power as the assignment reflects upon how political power may differentiate in various contexts. 2

3 2.2.1 The domestic environment Domestic politics is defined as being the state s role in maintaining order and carrying out regulations within its own boarders (Heywood:2013:23). Based on Dahl, I conclude that Dahl s decision making power will undermine social classes in the domestic system as one always will be strained to obey commands from another. This pluralist view in which Dahl expresses democracy as a competition between parties at election time and the ability of interest groups to articulate their views, establishes a link between the government and the governed (Heywood:2013:101). Some social groups will however always remain nonrepresented, and some groupings in society will be weaker than others. Since most people exercise power by voting and representation, the expansion of very large political constructions would imply increasing difficulties to hear the singular voice. This is a first difference between the political power in domestic and international politics as we might be moving beyond the state into a global structure (Jackson, Sørensen:2013:196). The community-based society, the individual and its identities might be extinguished in a cosmopolite democracy where increasingly porous boarders and universal norms pose a threat to the state (ibid) International environment International politics is defined as being the relations between or among states (Heywood:2013:23). Bachrach and Baratz together with Lukes means that the one who is setting the agenda will gain the most out of it. Politics can be thus be seen as a struggle over scarce resources and power can be seen as the means through which this struggle is conducted (Heywood:2013:10). An empirical example of an institution that can control the agenda and contrasts the pluralistic view that Dahl supports is the UN Security Council (UNSC) in the United Nations (UN). The UNSC is the most powerful body in the UN with 15 members, but is dominated by the 5 permanent veto powers which can block decisions made by other members of the council (Heywood:2013:438). Veto, in its broadest sense means that a minority of sources maintain increased scope of authority. This means, in practice, that UNSC legislation is fraught with problems, the most fundamental being the lack of clarity of the legislative acts and the question of implementation when the major power is in hand of five main actors on the international arena (ibid). What can be seen is that power and politics are universal phenomena and essentially contested concepts due to 3

4 their many acceptable and legitimate meanings (Heywood:2013:2). What is being legitimate is therefore of useful knowledge to enable further analysis. 2.3 Legitimacy As a key to political stability, legitimacy represents the source of a regime s survival and success (Heywood: 2013:81). It plays a crucial role as it creates a direct link to the conception of democracy (ibid). Some associate legitimacy with the justification of coercive power and directly intertwined with political authority. Authority stands for a right to rule a right to issue commands and possibly enforcement of these commands using coercive power (ibid). Max Weber put forward an influential account of legitimacy that excludes any option to normative criteria. He considers that a political regime is legitimate when its participants have certain beliefs or faith in regard to it: the basis of every system of authority, and correspondingly of every kind of willingness to obey, is a belief, a belief by virtue of which persons exercising authority are lent prestige (Weber:1964:382). Weber differentiates among descriptive concepts of legitimacy, shown as the acceptance of authority and the need to obey its commands. Faith in a particular social order produces social regularities that are increasingly stable than those resulting from the pursuit of self-interest or from habitual rule following (Weber:1964:124). In this broadest view, legitimacy explains why the use of political power by a particular body, for example a government or a state is acceptable and why there is a moral duty to obey its commands. A further and slightly more liberal interpretation of legitimacy is what John Rawls suggest: if conditions for legitimacy are not met, political bodies exercise power outside their authority and the commands they might produce do then not entail any obligation to obey (Rawls: 1993). This is a normative approach that frames the problem of legitimacy: how can any particular set of basic laws legitimately be imposed upon a pluralistic citizenry? Rawls solution to this problem begins with the hope that citizens will be reasonable and rational (Wenar: 2013) as well as he distinguishes legitimacy from the concept of justice. That is to say, political institutions may be unjust but legitimate. 2.4 New Institutionalism and State Sovereignty Since 1980, the emergence of what was called new institutionalism put traces in history (Heywood:2013:15). Political institutions are no longer equated with political organisations; 4

5 they are thought as sets of rules, which guide or constrain the behaviour of individual actors (ibid). This helps to explain why institutions are often difficult to reform, transform or replace. The UN for example, is embedded in a particular normative and historical context and it is hard to distinguish the organisation independent as such. Almost every country and sovereign state is today represented, and a salient issue has become whether the state s sovereignty is threatened by the international collaboration or not. Sovereignty exclaims the principle of absolute and unlimited power (Heywood:2013:58) and institutions may have eroding implications of state sovereignty as power might be increasingly based around institutions and their global impact (Opello, Rosow:2004:246). Max Weber initially highlighted the importance of sovereignty, focusing on monopoly of the legitimate use of force (Weber: 1978:54). Sovereignty and the need of identification, such as being in unity with a specified territory is an important aspect of exercising authority through a set of permanent institutions (Heywood:2013:57). Even if UN is an institution that might challenge the concept of sovereignty, it nevertheless depicts how the importance of autonomy is still represented. The original 51 members in UN from year 1945 reached 193 members in 2011, shows how the state has become the most universal form of political organization (Heywood:2013:60). As international bodies might have undermined the capacity of states to operate as self-governing political units, it is however decisive that states and their sovereignty must still be of major concern. I find this evidence crucial to embrace as it reflects the influence state sovereignty has on international collaboration. This gives face to a second major difference between international and domestic politics in terms of power and how the domestic politics must remain stable in order to meet international conditions. 3 Analysis 3.1 The decay of state sovereignty The institutional framework of the state where power is bound, this state-based paradigm is one in which politics has a distinct dimension or territorial character (Heywood:2013:23). What is concerned with the state s role in maintaining order, security and regulation within its own boarders or even across boarders? In this meaning, sovereignty, the supreme authority of the state, is one of the values to include as it reveals another major difference between power in the sense that the states got its own ability to maintain power instead of being under oppression by a higher institution. The question of what is being domestic or 5

6 international has shown a pervasive crisis walking hand in hand with the growth of globalisation. This is of anarchic character, derived from the fact that there is no authority in the international sphere higher than the sovereign state (Hay:2002). 3.2 The salience of sovereignty and individual protection Sovereignty is thus one of the most vital resources in order to provide a safe environment for the individual and a powerful state. Hobbes argued that the absence of a state or sovereign power compared with a state of nature where the state of nature is one of anarchy i.e. absence of government. The latter would not include social order which can be seen as the source of absolute authority and protection (Hobbes:1988). Sovereignty creates the important system of order that citizens need in terms of security, freedom and liberty in their domestic atmosphere. Without sovereignty, the state and protection the international politics as a state of nature would imply a self-help system where only the individual could rely on oneself for survival. When a man relies on himself he lives according to Hobbes in continual fear, and danger of violent death; and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short (Hobbes:1988). 4 How to obtain legitimacy beyond the state? What I have pushed on so far is the domestic state s own ability to, through the concept of sovereignty, obtain legitimate power. As Weber s definition of legitimacy entails that a government is an acceptable ground of taking legitimate decisions, could this then be challenged on an international level? Arguable is that the legitimacy that the UN conveys can ensure that the greatest number of states are able and willing to take collective action against collective threats (Hurd:2008:2). An institution that exercises legitimated power is in position of authority. In IR, this means that a legitimated international organization possesses sovereign authority (ibid). The international system includes diverse actors with legitimated power and so has diverse locations of sovereign authority (Hurd:2008:3). If the UNSC cannot fulfil is means does it then really have the power it was intended to have? On the one hand, the entire UN conceptual structure is established on the recognition and legitimation of the sovereignty of individual states, and it is thus planted directly within the old framework of international rights defined by pacts and agreements. On the other hand, this process of legitimisation is effective only insofar as it transfers sovereign rights to a real 6

7 supranational centre (Hurd:2008:4). The UNSC is thus awarded with tremendous formal power by the UN Charter and with primary authority in the international system over questions of international peace and security. 4.1 Challenge one: the growth of human rights Consequently, the acknowledgment of international duties after World War II led to the acknowledgement of international rights. This recognition of accountability was accordingly codified as the fundamental Universal Declaration of Human Rights agreed upon in December 1948 by the general assembly of the United Nations. It outlines a detailed list of Human Rights that are to be upheld by all nations and enjoyed by all individuals. The clear, universal standard in the Declaration legitimizes going above and beyond any of the states domestic laws. The United Nations Declaration suggests that a nations actions, its laws and its fully existence should mirror the standards found in this very document. The Universal Declarations of Human Rights was hence never intended to be an optional set of guidelines, but a binding doctrine that challenged both behaviour and authority within a state. In particular, it challenges the states power to create any law it desires, placing a framework of values upon the state and holding it accountable to a superior system. Hurd argues that the UNSC is not just a talk shop as it wield authority because it represents the collective sentiment of the international community (Hurd:2008). However, this tremendous power is not according to democratic rule, completely legitimate as it shows a representation that is unequally represented and structured in the hands of a very few. Democratic states can therefore, hypothetically, reject international laws established by UNSC, because of its lack in democratic accountability. 4.2 Challenge two: international framework does it work? The issue with international framework is that states will only corporate as long as it will make absolute gains as a result (Heywood:2013:433). Liberals argue that global governance is a meaningful development as it provides an alternative to the international anarchy of old. However, as the government works as the sovereign apparatus in the state, the international system must thus be of anarchic nature. As long as a state can get acknowledged as a sovereign entity by constitutional independence, the international legal recognition will pave the way for membership of the UN, access to the World Bank and the general International 7

8 Society (Jackson, Sørensen:2004:23). Constitutional independence is essential for juridical statehood where the degree of independence indicates that no foreign state claims or has any legal authority over a state (ibid). Recognition is therefore significant in order to become an international player. However, the problem lies in the fact that not every country is independent and recognized as such. Local actors will always aim to maximize their own power instead of involving partition where existing states would lose territory, power and legitimacy. It would thus be very difficult to create a stable international environment in places where civil war and broken unities are of significant matters. If partition became an accepted practice, it would undermine international stability (Jackson, Sørensen:2004:23). The international framework would thus require alternative institutional structures that will last on a quasi-permanent basis and a system of such nature would require time and many resources to develop (Krasner:1999). The political power will therefore remain shifting in a domestic and international environment, as the world as whole has not become as orderly and norm-governed as it today might be exaggerated to be (Heywood:2013:434). Some parts of the world might however be more established and hegemon in terms of power than others. Take Europe, for instance, as EU s success in combining sovereignty and dismissing balance-of-power politics. Europe may however be an exception when many parts of the world are still under less affection of international, collaborating power (Heywood:2013:434). 5 Rethinking the balance of power Since the system of powerful states seems likely to persist indefinitely as a primary feature of international politics, balance of power theory can be expected to remain strong (Jackson, Sørensen:2013:89). However, if classical power balance might decrease in importance as the world is in constant change, the connotations of hard- and soft power will come to play a vital role in determine the character of political power in international and domestic politics. 5.1 Hard power Classical realism emphasises how the balance of power is a valuated political objective that promotes nation security, upholds order and makes the independence of states possible (Jackson, Sørensen:2013:88). Intervention is constrained by international law and hard power is the tool to make it feasible. The search for security is therefore linked to the pursuit of 8

9 order, which is being resolved in the domestic territory by the existence of a sovereign state (Heywood:2013:400). Domestic security raises the importance of the coercive state the military and how the issue of security often is pressed in international politics because the environment is anarchical (ibid). Is then international conflict inevitable thought cooperation? Todays emerging global politics do not permit one to rely on simply hard power as an anarchical environment maintains a lack of law and political order. The realistic approach is in this sense, challenging to the liberal idea that regimes exists because of the states will to cooperate. However, in use of hard power, the differences between political power will always remain as long as there is use of only hard power as for example, military regimes tend to be short lived because they rely on coercive power in the absence of legitimacy (Heywood:2013:420). 5.2 Soft power Also termed co-optive power, the soft power is the ability to structure a situation so that other nations develop preferences or define their interests in ways consistent with their own nation (Jackson, Sørensen: 2013:313). This approach corresponds on Lukes ideological concept of power as preferences tends to be associated with abstract assets such as a convincing personalities, institutions and a vision that is seen as legitimate (Haugaard:2002). Simply put, in communicative terms, soft power is attractive power, which interferes with leaders of domestic and international politics. In this sense the process of obtaining power to build a platform in order to achieve goals not just for the very state, also for the whole political, international circle creates a primary similarity between political power in domestic and international context. However, the form of government is radically different. The concept of human security has shifted thinking about security away from the environment and towards the individual. The international community s capacity to banish violence and insecurity is hence false and the conclusion will still be that the faces of power will differ between the domestic and international arena as long as democracy is build on the kratos. 9

10 6 Conclusion My paper concludes that there are several differences between the ways in which domestic and international political power is yielded and exercised. First, state power is derived from democracy where the territory should protect the individuals living within it. Thus, boarders and boundaries are of significance for preservation of domestic political power and for individual accountability. Second, as state-based politics have come under pressure of developments associated with global expansion, some differences will be hard to distinguish at a citizen s scale when national and international laws generally are intertwined with each other. In that sense, sovereignty is estimated as the supreme authority of the state and creates the important system of order that citizens need for maintenance of individual security, freedom and liberty. Finally it is clear that international institutions derive power from negotiations and partnership and cannot replace the state in terms of power, because of their permanent sets of rules and difficulties in replacement result in lacks of legitimacy. Contrary I found that the power process of achieving results in a political order is the same in both the domestic and international environment. However as sovereignty today is estimated to be the supreme authority of the state, I can finally conclude that differences will remain. Implementation of international cooperation can redistribute domestic power resources between state and society, otherwise power has been, and continues to be, the subject of an extended and heated debate. 10

11 7 Bibliography Literature Dahl, R. (1982), p. 5, Dilemmas of pluralist democracy, Yale University Press Dahl, R. (1961), Who governs? Democracy and Power in an American City, Yale University press Hay, C. (2002), Political Analysis: a critical introduction, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan Haugaard, M., (2002), Power: a reader, Manchester, Manchester University Press Heywood, A. (2013) Politics (4 th ed.), Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan Hobbes, T. and Macpherson, C.B., (1988), Leviathan, London, Penguin Hurd, Ian (2008), After Anarchy: Legitimacy and Power in the United Nations Security Council, Princeton: Princeton University Press Jackson, R., Sørensen, G. (2013), Introduction to International Relations, 5 th edition, Oxford, Oxford University Press Krasner, S.D., (1999), Sovereignty: organised hypocrisy, Princeton, Princeton University Press Moravesik, A., (1994), Why the European Union strengthens the state: Domestic politics and international cooperation, New York, Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association Opello, W.C. Jr., Rosow, S.J., (2004), The Nation-state and Global Order, 2 nd ed., London, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc. Rawls, J., (1993), Political Liberalism, New York: Columbia University Press Weber, M. (1987), p. 54, Economy and Society, University of California Press Data Wenar, L., (2013), "John Rawls", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2013 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), retrieved dec 18, 2013 < 11

Political Science Final Exam -

Political Science Final Exam - PoliticalScienceFinalExam2013 Political Science Final Exam - International and domestic political power Emilie Christine Jaillot 1 PoliticalScienceFinalExam2013 Table of Contents 1 Introduction 1-2 International

More information

Exam Questions By Year IR 214. How important was soft power in ending the Cold War?

Exam Questions By Year IR 214. How important was soft power in ending the Cold War? Exam Questions By Year IR 214 2005 How important was soft power in ending the Cold War? What does the concept of an international society add to neo-realist or neo-liberal approaches to international relations?

More information

Power: A Radical View by Steven Lukes

Power: A Radical View by Steven Lukes * Crossroads ISSN 1825-7208 Vol. 6, no. 2 pp. 87-95 Power: A Radical View by Steven Lukes In 1974 Steven Lukes published Power: A radical View. Its re-issue in 2005 with the addition of two new essays

More information

Last time we discussed a stylized version of the realist view of global society.

Last time we discussed a stylized version of the realist view of global society. Political Philosophy, Spring 2003, 1 The Terrain of a Global Normative Order 1. Realism and Normative Order Last time we discussed a stylized version of the realist view of global society. According to

More information

Mehrdad Payandeh, Internationales Gemeinschaftsrecht Summary

Mehrdad Payandeh, Internationales Gemeinschaftsrecht Summary The age of globalization has brought about significant changes in the substance as well as in the structure of public international law changes that cannot adequately be explained by means of traditional

More information

Multinational Conflict Management: Does the Concept Conflict with Sovereignty?

Multinational Conflict Management: Does the Concept Conflict with Sovereignty? P a g e 1 Multinational Conflict Management: Does the Concept Conflict with Sovereignty? Sovereignty is a multi-use concept with a seemingly unending supply of definitions. It is also in an apparent logical

More information

Republicanism: Midway to Achieve Global Justice?

Republicanism: Midway to Achieve Global Justice? Republicanism: Midway to Achieve Global Justice? (Binfan Wang, University of Toronto) (Paper presented to CPSA Annual Conference 2016) Abstract In his recent studies, Philip Pettit develops his theory

More information

Aim: How do we balance freedom, order, & equality?

Aim: How do we balance freedom, order, & equality? Aim: How do we balance freedom, order, & equality? Learning Outcomes 1.1 Define globalization and explain how globalization affects American politics and government. 1.2 Identify the purposes that government

More information

We the Stakeholders: The Power of Representation beyond Borders? Clara Brandi

We the Stakeholders: The Power of Representation beyond Borders? Clara Brandi REVIEW Clara Brandi We the Stakeholders: The Power of Representation beyond Borders? Terry Macdonald, Global Stakeholder Democracy. Power and Representation Beyond Liberal States, Oxford, Oxford University

More information

SAMPLE CHAPTERS UNESCO EOLSS POWER AND THE STATE. John Scott Department of Sociology, University of Plymouth, UK

SAMPLE CHAPTERS UNESCO EOLSS POWER AND THE STATE. John Scott Department of Sociology, University of Plymouth, UK POWER AND THE STATE John Department of Sociology, University of Plymouth, UK Keywords: counteraction, elite, pluralism, power, state. Contents 1. Power and domination 2. States and state elites 3. Counteraction

More information

Cover Page. The handle holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation.

Cover Page. The handle   holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/22913 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Cuyvers, Armin Title: The EU as a confederal union of sovereign member peoples

More information

Two Pictures of the Global-justice Debate: A Reply to Tan*

Two Pictures of the Global-justice Debate: A Reply to Tan* 219 Two Pictures of the Global-justice Debate: A Reply to Tan* Laura Valentini London School of Economics and Political Science 1. Introduction Kok-Chor Tan s review essay offers an internal critique of

More information

Political equality, wealth and democracy

Political equality, wealth and democracy 1 Political equality, wealth and democracy Wealth, power and influence are often mentioned together as symbols of status and prestige. Yet in a democracy, they can make an unhappy combination. If a democratic

More information

Essentials of International Relations Eighth Edition Chapter 3: International Relations Theories LECTURE SLIDES

Essentials of International Relations Eighth Edition Chapter 3: International Relations Theories LECTURE SLIDES Essentials of International Relations Eighth Edition Chapter 3: International Relations Theories LECTURE SLIDES Copyright 2018 W. W. Norton & Company Learning Objectives Explain the value of studying international

More information

Governance and Good Governance: A New Framework for Political Analysis

Governance and Good Governance: A New Framework for Political Analysis Fudan J. Hum. Soc. Sci. (2018) 11:1 8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40647-017-0197-4 ORIGINAL PAPER Governance and Good Governance: A New Framework for Political Analysis Yu Keping 1 Received: 11 June 2017

More information

Rawls and Feminism. Hannah Hanshaw. Philosophy. Faculty Advisor: Dr. Jacob Held

Rawls and Feminism. Hannah Hanshaw. Philosophy. Faculty Advisor: Dr. Jacob Held Rawls and Feminism Hannah Hanshaw Philosophy Faculty Advisor: Dr. Jacob Held In his Theory of Justice, John Rawls uses what he calls The Original Position as a tool for defining the principles of justice

More information

International Law for International Relations. Basak Cali Chapter 2. Perspectives on international law in international relations

International Law for International Relations. Basak Cali Chapter 2. Perspectives on international law in international relations International Law for International Relations Basak Cali Chapter 2 Perspectives on international law in international relations How does international relations (IR) scholarship perceive international

More information

F854QP. GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS Unit F854: Political Ideas and Concepts Specimen Paper. Advanced GCE. Time: 2 hours

F854QP. GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS Unit F854: Political Ideas and Concepts Specimen Paper. Advanced GCE. Time: 2 hours Advanced GCE GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS Unit F854: Political Ideas and Concepts Specimen Paper Additional Materials: Booklet (16 pages) F854QP Time: 2 hours INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES the question in section

More information

1) Is the "Clash of Civilizations" too broad of a conceptualization to be of use? Why or why not?

1) Is the Clash of Civilizations too broad of a conceptualization to be of use? Why or why not? 1) Is the "Clash of Civilizations" too broad of a conceptualization to be of use? Why or why not? Huntington makes good points about the clash of civilizations and ideologies being a cause of conflict

More information

The Empowered European Parliament

The Empowered European Parliament The Empowered European Parliament Regional Integration and the EU final exam Kåre Toft-Jensen CPR: XXXXXX - XXXX International Business and Politics Copenhagen Business School 6 th June 2014 Word-count:

More information

Chapter 1. What is Politics?

Chapter 1. What is Politics? Chapter 1 What is Politics? 1 Man by nature a political animal. Aristotle Politics, 1. Politics exists because people disagree. For Aristotle, politics is nothing less than the activity through which human

More information

Basic Approaches to Legal Security Understanding and Its Provision at an International Level

Basic Approaches to Legal Security Understanding and Its Provision at an International Level Journal of Politics and Law; Vol. 10, No. 4; 2017 ISSN 1913-9047 E-ISSN 1913-9055 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Basic Approaches to Legal Security Understanding and Its Provision

More information

How to approach legitimacy

How to approach legitimacy How to approach legitimacy for the book project Empirical Perspectives on the Legitimacy of International Investment Tribunals Daniel Behn, 1 Ole Kristian Fauchald 2 and Malcolm Langford 3 January 2015

More information

The Liberal Paradigm. Session 6

The Liberal Paradigm. Session 6 The Liberal Paradigm Session 6 Pedigree of the Liberal Paradigm Rousseau (18c) Kant (18c) LIBERALISM (1920s) (Utopianism/Idealism) Neoliberalism (1970s) Neoliberal Institutionalism (1980s-90s) 2 Major

More information

Liberalism and Neoliberalism

Liberalism and Neoliberalism Chapter 5 Pedigree of the Liberal Paradigm Rousseau (18c) Kant (18c) Liberalism and Neoliberalism LIBERALISM (1920s) (Utopianism/Idealism) Neoliberalism (1970s) Neoliberal Institutionalism (1980s-90s)

More information

CYELP 12 [2016]

CYELP 12 [2016] 323 Book Review: Foreign Policy Objectives in European Constitutional Law, J. Larik (Oxford University Press, 2016, ISBN 9780198736394); xxxiv + 323 pp, 70.00 hb. This monograph provides a unique comprehensive

More information

Lecture 11: The Social Contract Theory. Thomas Hobbes Leviathan Mozi Mozi (Chapter 11: Obeying One s Superior)

Lecture 11: The Social Contract Theory. Thomas Hobbes Leviathan Mozi Mozi (Chapter 11: Obeying One s Superior) Lecture 11: The Social Contract Theory Thomas Hobbes Leviathan Mozi Mozi (Chapter 11: Obeying One s Superior) 1 Agenda 1. Thomas Hobbes 2. Framework for the Social Contract Theory 3. The State of Nature

More information

RESPONSE TO JAMES GORDLEY'S "GOOD FAITH IN CONTRACT LAW: The Problem of Profit Maximization"

RESPONSE TO JAMES GORDLEY'S GOOD FAITH IN CONTRACT LAW: The Problem of Profit Maximization RESPONSE TO JAMES GORDLEY'S "GOOD FAITH IN CONTRACT LAW: The Problem of Profit Maximization" By MICHAEL AMBROSIO We have been given a wonderful example by Professor Gordley of a cogent, yet straightforward

More information

Import-dependent firms and their role in EU- Asia Trade Agreements

Import-dependent firms and their role in EU- Asia Trade Agreements Import-dependent firms and their role in EU- Asia Trade Agreements Final Exam Spring 2016 Name: Olmo Rauba CPR-Number: Date: 8 th of April 2016 Course: Business & Global Governance Pages: 8 Words: 2035

More information

POLI 111: INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

POLI 111: INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE POLI 111: INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE SESSION 4 NATURE AND SCOPE OF POLITICAL SCIENCE Lecturer: Dr. Evans Aggrey-Darkoh, Department of Political Science Contact Information: aggreydarkoh@ug.edu.gh

More information

POSITIVIST AND POST-POSITIVIST THEORIES

POSITIVIST AND POST-POSITIVIST THEORIES A theory of international relations is a set of ideas that explains how the international system works. Unlike an ideology, a theory of international relations is (at least in principle) backed up with

More information

ABSTRACT. Electronic copy available at:

ABSTRACT. Electronic copy available at: ABSTRACT By tracing the development and evolvement of certain legal theories over the centuries, as well as consequences emanating from such developments, this paper highlights how and why a shift from

More information

Questions. Hobbes. Hobbes s view of human nature. Question. What justification is there for a state? Does the state have supreme authority?

Questions. Hobbes. Hobbes s view of human nature. Question. What justification is there for a state? Does the state have supreme authority? Questions Hobbes What justification is there for a state? Does the state have supreme authority? What limits are there upon the state? 1 2 Question Hobbes s view of human nature When you accept a job,

More information

Hobbes. Questions. What justification is there for a state? Does the state have supreme authority? What limits are there upon the state?

Hobbes. Questions. What justification is there for a state? Does the state have supreme authority? What limits are there upon the state? Hobbes 1 Questions What justification is there for a state? Does the state have supreme authority? What limits are there upon the state? 2 Question When you accept a job, you sign a contract agreeing to

More information

Why Does Inequality Matter? T. M. Scanlon. Chapter 8: Unequal Outcomes. It is well known that there has been an enormous increase in inequality in the

Why Does Inequality Matter? T. M. Scanlon. Chapter 8: Unequal Outcomes. It is well known that there has been an enormous increase in inequality in the Why Does Inequality Matter? T. M. Scanlon Chapter 8: Unequal Outcomes It is well known that there has been an enormous increase in inequality in the United States and other developed economies in recent

More information

Book Reviews on global economy and geopolitical readings

Book Reviews on global economy and geopolitical readings Book Reviews on global economy and geopolitical readings ESADEgeo, under the supervision of Professor Javier Solana 3and Professor Javier Santiso 1 The Future of Power Nye Jr., Joseph (2011), New York:

More information

enforce people s contribution to the general good, as everyone naturally wants to do productive work, if they can find something they enjoy.

enforce people s contribution to the general good, as everyone naturally wants to do productive work, if they can find something they enjoy. enforce people s contribution to the general good, as everyone naturally wants to do productive work, if they can find something they enjoy. Many communist anarchists believe that human behaviour is motivated

More information

Rawls versus the Anarchist: Justice and Legitimacy

Rawls versus the Anarchist: Justice and Legitimacy Rawls versus the Anarchist: Justice and Legitimacy Walter E. Schaller Texas Tech University APA Central Division April 2005 Section 1: The Anarchist s Argument In a recent article, Justification and Legitimacy,

More information

E-LOGOS. Rawls two principles of justice: their adoption by rational self-interested individuals. University of Economics Prague

E-LOGOS. Rawls two principles of justice: their adoption by rational self-interested individuals. University of Economics Prague E-LOGOS ELECTRONIC JOURNAL FOR PHILOSOPHY ISSN 1211-0442 1/2010 University of Economics Prague Rawls two principles of justice: their adoption by rational self-interested individuals e Alexandra Dobra

More information

The Justification of Justice as Fairness: A Two Stage Process

The Justification of Justice as Fairness: A Two Stage Process The Justification of Justice as Fairness: A Two Stage Process TED VAGGALIS University of Kansas The tragic truth about philosophy is that misunderstanding occurs more frequently than understanding. Nowhere

More information

GLOBAL DEMOCRACY THE PROBLEM OF A WRONG PERSPECTIVE

GLOBAL DEMOCRACY THE PROBLEM OF A WRONG PERSPECTIVE GLOBAL DEMOCRACY THE PROBLEM OF A WRONG PERSPECTIVE XIth Conference European Culture (Lecture Paper) Ander Errasti Lopez PhD in Ethics and Political Philosophy UNIVERSITAT POMPEU FABRA GLOBAL DEMOCRACY

More information

Introduction to Political Theory

Introduction to Political Theory Introduction to Political Theory WHAT IS POLITICAL THEORY? 1. Some believe politics can be studied without theory can it? 2. Hoffman and Graham suggest philosophy and theory are synonymous 3. However,

More information

DOCTORAL DISSERTATION

DOCTORAL DISSERTATION BABEŞ-BOLYAI UNIVERSITY CLUJ-NAPOCA FACULTY OF HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND EUROPEAN STUDIES DEPARTMENT DOCTORAL DISSERTATION The Power Statute in the International System post-cold

More information

REALISM INTRODUCTION NEED OF THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

REALISM INTRODUCTION NEED OF THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS REALISM INTRODUCTION NEED OF THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS We need theories of International Relations to:- a. Understand subject-matter of IR. b. Know important, less important and not important matter

More information

NEW YORK UNIVERSITY Department of Politics V COMPARATIVE POLITICS Spring Michael Laver. Tel:

NEW YORK UNIVERSITY Department of Politics V COMPARATIVE POLITICS Spring Michael Laver. Tel: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY Department of Politics V52.0510 COMPARATIVE POLITICS Spring 2006 Michael Laver Tel: 212-998-8534 Email: ml127@nyu.edu COURSE OBJECTIVES The central reason for the comparative study

More information

Introduction 478 U.S. 186 (1986) U.S. 558 (2003). 3

Introduction 478 U.S. 186 (1986) U.S. 558 (2003). 3 Introduction In 2003 the Supreme Court of the United States overturned its decision in Bowers v. Hardwick and struck down a Texas law that prohibited homosexual sodomy. 1 Writing for the Court in Lawrence

More information

Chapter 7: CONTENPORARY MAINSTREAM APPROACHES: NEO-REALISM AND NEO-LIBERALISM. By Baylis 5 th edition

Chapter 7: CONTENPORARY MAINSTREAM APPROACHES: NEO-REALISM AND NEO-LIBERALISM. By Baylis 5 th edition Chapter 7: CONTENPORARY MAINSTREAM APPROACHES: NEO-REALISM AND NEO-LIBERALISM By Baylis 5 th edition INTRODUCTION p. 116 Neo-realism and neo-liberalism are the progeny of realism and liberalism respectively

More information

Libertarianism. Polycarp Ikuenobe A N I NTRODUCTION

Libertarianism. Polycarp Ikuenobe A N I NTRODUCTION Libertarianism A N I NTRODUCTION Polycarp Ikuenobe L ibertarianism is a moral, social, and political doctrine that considers the liberty of individual citizens the absence of external restraint and coercion

More information

Supranational Elements within the International Labor Organization

Supranational Elements within the International Labor Organization Sebastian Buhai SSC 271-International and European Law: Assignment 2 27 March 2001 Supranational Elements within the International Labor Organization Scrutinizing the historical development of the general

More information

Phil 115, June 20, 2007 Justice as fairness as a political conception: the fact of reasonable pluralism and recasting the ideas of Theory

Phil 115, June 20, 2007 Justice as fairness as a political conception: the fact of reasonable pluralism and recasting the ideas of Theory Phil 115, June 20, 2007 Justice as fairness as a political conception: the fact of reasonable pluralism and recasting the ideas of Theory The problem with the argument for stability: In his discussion

More information

Power, Oppression, and Justice Winter 2014/2015 (Semester IIa) Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Faculty of Philosophy

Power, Oppression, and Justice Winter 2014/2015 (Semester IIa) Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Faculty of Philosophy Power, Oppression, and Justice Winter 2014/2015 (Semester IIa) Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Faculty of Philosophy INSTRUCTOR Dr. Titus Stahl E-mail: u.t.r.stahl@rug.nl Phone: +31503636152 Office Hours:

More information

Politics between Philosophy and Democracy

Politics between Philosophy and Democracy Leopold Hess Politics between Philosophy and Democracy In the present paper I would like to make some comments on a classic essay of Michael Walzer Philosophy and Democracy. The main purpose of Walzer

More information

Political Legitimacy. 1. Descriptive and Normative Concepts of Legitimacy 2. The Function of Political Legitimacy

Political Legitimacy. 1. Descriptive and Normative Concepts of Legitimacy 2. The Function of Political Legitimacy Political Legitimacy First published Thu Apr 29, 2010 Political legitimacy is a virtue of political institutions and of the decisions about laws, policies, and candidates for political office made within

More information

Summary of Social Contract Theory by Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau

Summary of Social Contract Theory by Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau Summary of Social Contract Theory by Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau Manzoor Elahi Laskar LL.M Symbiosis Law School, Pune Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2410525 Abstract: This paper

More information

The historical sociology of the future

The historical sociology of the future Review of International Political Economy 5:2 Summer 1998: 321-326 The historical sociology of the future Martin Shaw International Relations and Politics, University of Sussex John Hobson's article presents

More information

Ordering Power: Contentious Politics and Authoritarian Leviathans in Southeast Asia

Ordering Power: Contentious Politics and Authoritarian Leviathans in Southeast Asia Ordering Power: Contentious Politics and Authoritarian Leviathans in Southeast Asia Review by ARUN R. SWAMY Ordering Power: Contentious Politics and Authoritarian Leviathans in Southeast Asia by Dan Slater.

More information

Waltz s book belongs to an important style of theorizing, in which far-reaching. conclusions about a domain in this case, the domain of international

Waltz s book belongs to an important style of theorizing, in which far-reaching. conclusions about a domain in this case, the domain of international Notes on Waltz Waltz s book belongs to an important style of theorizing, in which far-reaching conclusions about a domain in this case, the domain of international politics are derived from a very spare

More information

Question 1: How rising nationalism increases the relevance of. state- centric realist theory. Political Science - Final exam - 22/12/2016

Question 1: How rising nationalism increases the relevance of. state- centric realist theory. Political Science - Final exam - 22/12/2016 Question 1: How rising nationalism increases the relevance of state- centric realist theory Political Science - Final exam - 22/12/2016 International Business and Politics, Copenhagen Business School 2016

More information

The Challenge of Multiculturalism: Beyond Liberalism and Communitarianism

The Challenge of Multiculturalism: Beyond Liberalism and Communitarianism The Challenge of Multiculturalism: Beyond Liberalism and Communitarianism Nazmul Sultan Department of Philosophy and Department of Political Science, Hunter College, CUNY Abstract Centralizing a relational

More information

Running head: MOST SCRIPTURALLY CORRECT THEORY OF GOVERNMENT 1. Name of Student. Institutional Affiliation

Running head: MOST SCRIPTURALLY CORRECT THEORY OF GOVERNMENT 1. Name of Student. Institutional Affiliation Running head: MOST SCRIPTURALLY CORRECT THEORY OF GOVERNMENT 1 Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau: Who Has the Most Scripturally Correct Theory of Government? Name of Student Institutional Affiliation MOST SCRIPTURALLY

More information

Mark Scheme (Results) Summer Pearson Edexcel GCE in Government & Politics (6GP03) Paper 3B: UK Political Ideologies

Mark Scheme (Results) Summer Pearson Edexcel GCE in Government & Politics (6GP03) Paper 3B: UK Political Ideologies ` Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2017 Pearson Edexcel GCE in Government & Politics (6GP03) Paper 3B: UK Political Ideologies Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications Edexcel and BTEC qualifications are awarded by

More information

UNDERSTANDING AND WORKING WITH POWER. Effective Advising in Statebuilding and Peacebuilding Contexts How 2015, Geneva- Interpeace

UNDERSTANDING AND WORKING WITH POWER. Effective Advising in Statebuilding and Peacebuilding Contexts How 2015, Geneva- Interpeace UNDERSTANDING AND WORKING WITH POWER. Effective Advising in Statebuilding and Peacebuilding Contexts How 2015, Geneva- Interpeace 1. WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO ANALYSE AND UNDERSTAND POWER? Anyone interested

More information

POLI 111: INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

POLI 111: INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE POLI 111: INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE Session Two: Basic Concepts of Politics, Part 1 Lecturer: Dr. Evans Aggrey-Darkoh, Department of Political Science Contact information : aggreydarkoh@ug.edu.gh

More information

Theories of European Integration I. Federalism vs. Functionalism and beyond

Theories of European Integration I. Federalism vs. Functionalism and beyond Theories of European Integration I Federalism vs. Functionalism and beyond Theories and Strategies of European Integration: Federalism & (Neo-) Federalism or Function follows Form Theories and Strategies

More information

Commentary on Idil Boran, The Problem of Exogeneity in Debates on Global Justice

Commentary on Idil Boran, The Problem of Exogeneity in Debates on Global Justice Commentary on Idil Boran, The Problem of Exogeneity in Debates on Global Justice Bryan Smyth, University of Memphis 2011 APA Central Division Meeting // Session V-I: Global Justice // 2. April 2011 I am

More information

POLITICAL AUTHORITY AND PERFECTIONISM: A RESPONSE TO QUONG

POLITICAL AUTHORITY AND PERFECTIONISM: A RESPONSE TO QUONG SYMPOSIUM POLITICAL LIBERALISM VS. LIBERAL PERFECTIONISM POLITICAL AUTHORITY AND PERFECTIONISM: A RESPONSE TO QUONG JOSEPH CHAN 2012 Philosophy and Public Issues (New Series), Vol. 2, No. 1 (2012): pp.

More information

Globalisation and Poverty: Human Insecurity of Schedule Caste in India

Globalisation and Poverty: Human Insecurity of Schedule Caste in India Globalisation and Poverty: Human Insecurity of Schedule Caste in India Rajni Kant Pandey ICSSR Doctoral Fellow, Giri Institute of Development Studies Aliganj, Lucknow. Abstract Human Security is dominating

More information

POLITICAL SCIENCE (POLI)

POLITICAL SCIENCE (POLI) POLITICAL SCIENCE (POLI) This is a list of the Political Science (POLI) courses available at KPU. For information about transfer of credit amongst institutions in B.C. and to see how individual courses

More information

Globalization and the nation- state

Globalization and the nation- state Introduction Economic globalization is growing rapidly and the national economies are more interconnected and interdependent than ever. Today, 30 % of the world trade is based on transnational corporations

More information

Part I Introduction. [11:00 7/12/ pierce-ch01.tex] Job No: 5052 Pierce: Research Methods in Politics Page: 1 1 8

Part I Introduction. [11:00 7/12/ pierce-ch01.tex] Job No: 5052 Pierce: Research Methods in Politics Page: 1 1 8 Part I Introduction [11:00 7/12/2007 5052-pierce-ch01.tex] Job No: 5052 Pierce: Research Methods in Politics Page: 1 1 8 [11:00 7/12/2007 5052-pierce-ch01.tex] Job No: 5052 Pierce: Research Methods in

More information

Political Obligation 3

Political Obligation 3 Political Obligation 3 Dr Simon Beard Sjb316@cam.ac.uk Centre for the Study of Existential Risk Summary of this lecture How John Rawls argues that we have an obligation to obey the law, whether or not

More information

The end of sovereignty?

The end of sovereignty? The end of sovereignty? Stephen SAWYER Is globalization flattening our world, leaving it void of territory and sovereignty? Such claims, repeated at length by carpetbagging globalists, are simply false

More information

Topic Page: Hobbes, Thomas,

Topic Page: Hobbes, Thomas, Topic Page: Hobbes, Thomas, 1588-1679 Definition: Hobbes, Thomas from Philip's Encyclopedia English philosopher. In De Corpore (1655), De Homine (1658) and De Cive (1642), he maintained that matter and

More information

GOVT 2060 International Relations: Theories and Approaches Fall 2017

GOVT 2060 International Relations: Theories and Approaches Fall 2017 THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES ST. AUGUSTINE FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE GOVT 2060 International Relations: Theories and Approaches Fall 2017 Topic 4 Neorealism The end

More information

ANARCHISM: What it is, and what it ain t...

ANARCHISM: What it is, and what it ain t... ANARCHISM: What it is, and what it ain t... INTRODUCTION. This pamphlet is a reprinting of an essay by Lawrence Jarach titled Instead Of A Meeting: By Someone Too Irritated To Sit Through Another One.

More information

THE REFORM OF THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT

THE REFORM OF THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 1 BABEŞ-BOLYAI UNIVERSITY CLUJ-NAPOCA FACULTY OF HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY SUMMARY OF THE Ph.D. THESIS THE REFORM OF THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT SCIENTIFIC COORDINATOR Prof.

More information

HART S CRITIQUE OF AUSTIN S THEORY. Literature: A. Marmor, Philosophy of Law

HART S CRITIQUE OF AUSTIN S THEORY. Literature: A. Marmor, Philosophy of Law HART S CRITIQUE OF AUSTIN S THEORY Literature: A. Marmor, Philosophy of Law imperative theory of law (J. Austin, 1790-1859) 1) law consists of instructions or directives issued by some people in order

More information

Unit Three: Thinking Liberally - Diversity and Hegemony in IPE. Dr. Russell Williams

Unit Three: Thinking Liberally - Diversity and Hegemony in IPE. Dr. Russell Williams Unit Three: Thinking Liberally - Diversity and Hegemony in IPE Dr. Russell Williams Required Reading: Cohn, Ch. 4. Class Discussion Reading: Outline: Eric Helleiner, Economic Liberalism and Its Critics:

More information

About the programme MA Comparative Public Governance

About the programme MA Comparative Public Governance About the programme MA Comparative Public Governance Enschede/Münster, September 2018 The double degree master programme Comparative Public Governance starts from the premise that many of the most pressing

More information

Political Obligation. Dr Simon Beard. Centre for the Study of Existential Risk

Political Obligation. Dr Simon Beard. Centre for the Study of Existential Risk Political Obligation Dr Simon Beard sjb316@cam.ac.uk Centre for the Study of Existential Risk Summary of this lecture What is the aim of these lectures and what are they about? If morality is a social

More information

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background The Philippines and the United States of America have a long history. After the U.S won the war in Spanish American War of 1898, the U.S. colonized the Philippines

More information

Grassroots Policy Project

Grassroots Policy Project Grassroots Policy Project The Grassroots Policy Project works on strategies for transformational social change; we see the concept of worldview as a critical piece of such a strategy. The basic challenge

More information

Why are Regimes and Regime Theory Accepted by Realists and Liberals?

Why are Regimes and Regime Theory Accepted by Realists and Liberals? 1 Why are Regimes and Regime Theory Accepted by Realists and Liberals? Stoyan Stoyanov Regimes gained popularity during the 20th century as states began increasingly to get involved in international agreements

More information

Review Essay: The War System in Colombia: The Interpretations of Nazih Richani and James Rochlin

Review Essay: The War System in Colombia: The Interpretations of Nazih Richani and James Rochlin Review Essay: The War System in Colombia: The Interpretations of Nazih Richani and James Rochlin Richani, Nazih. Systems of violence: the political economy of war and peace in Colombia 164 Albany: State

More information

Politics. Written Assignment 3

Politics. Written Assignment 3 University of Lancaster Politics Written Assignment 3 Compare and contrast two theories of international relations by their ability to account for war Student number: 32786263 Word Count: 1900 Tutor: Ian

More information

Why Did India Choose Pluralism?

Why Did India Choose Pluralism? LESSONS FROM A POSTCOLONIAL STATE April 2017 Like many postcolonial states, India was confronted with various lines of fracture at independence and faced the challenge of building a sense of shared nationhood.

More information

1100 Ethics July 2016

1100 Ethics July 2016 1100 Ethics July 2016 perhaps, those recommended by Brock. His insight that this creates an irresolvable moral tragedy, given current global economic circumstances, is apt. Blake does not ask, however,

More information

Core Values of the German Basic Law: A Source of Core Concepts of Civic Education

Core Values of the German Basic Law: A Source of Core Concepts of Civic Education Joachim Detjen Core Values of the German Basic Law: A Source of Core Concepts of Civic Education 1. Introduction I would like to introduce a specific approach to the concepts of civic education. My suggestion

More information

Elites, elitism and society

Elites, elitism and society EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. V, Issue 2/ May 2017 ISSN 2286-4822 www.euacademic.org Impact Factor: 3.4546 (UIF) DRJI Value: 5.9 (B+) Elites, elitism and society JETMIRA FEKOLLI Doctorate of Philosophy

More information

Phil 115, June 13, 2007 The argument from the original position: set-up and intuitive presentation and the two principles over average utility

Phil 115, June 13, 2007 The argument from the original position: set-up and intuitive presentation and the two principles over average utility Phil 115, June 13, 2007 The argument from the original position: set-up and intuitive presentation and the two principles over average utility What is the role of the original position in Rawls s theory?

More information

International Symposium on Cultural Diplomacy 2010 Reconsideration of Theories in Foreign Policy

International Symposium on Cultural Diplomacy 2010 Reconsideration of Theories in Foreign Policy International Symposium on Cultural Diplomacy 2010 Reconsideration of Theories in Foreign Policy Alina Gilitschenski Student of International Economics and European Studies Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen,

More information

Mark Scheme (Results) January GCE Government & Politics 6GP03 3D GLOBAL POLITICS

Mark Scheme (Results) January GCE Government & Politics 6GP03 3D GLOBAL POLITICS Mark Scheme (Results) January 2012 GCE Government & Politics 6GP03 3D GLOBAL POLITICS Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications Edexcel and BTEC qualifications come from Pearson, the world s leading learning company.

More information

1. In the feudal period there was little idea of individuals having their own interests or

1. In the feudal period there was little idea of individuals having their own interests or Liberalism Core concepts The individual 1. In the feudal period there was little idea of individuals having their own interests or possessing personal and uniue identities. Tahter people were seen as members

More information

NEW YORK UNIVERSITY Department of Politics. V COMPARATIVE POLITICS Spring Michael Laver Tel:

NEW YORK UNIVERSITY Department of Politics. V COMPARATIVE POLITICS Spring Michael Laver Tel: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY Department of Politics V52.0500 COMPARATIVE POLITICS Spring 2007 Michael Laver Tel: 212-998-8534 Email: ml127@nyu.edu COURSE OBJECTIVES We study politics in a comparative context to

More information

Penalizing Public Disobedience*

Penalizing Public Disobedience* DISCUSSION Penalizing Public Disobedience* Kimberley Brownlee I In a recent article, David Lefkowitz argues that members of liberal democracies have a moral right to engage in acts of suitably constrained

More information

Utilitarianism, Game Theory and the Social Contract

Utilitarianism, Game Theory and the Social Contract Macalester Journal of Philosophy Volume 14 Issue 1 Spring 2005 Article 7 5-1-2005 Utilitarianism, Game Theory and the Social Contract Daniel Burgess Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/philo

More information

440 IR Theory Fall 2011

440 IR Theory Fall 2011 440 IR Theory Fall 2011 Ian Hurd ianhurd@northwestern.edu Scott Hall Class meetings: Monday, 9 to 12:00, Ripton Room Office hours Tuesday, 12:30 to 2:30 This seminar examines the main theoretical and methodological

More information

Aalborg Universitet. Line Nyhagen-Predelle og Beatrice Halsaa Siim, Birte. Published in: Tidsskrift for kjønnsforskning. Publication date: 2014

Aalborg Universitet. Line Nyhagen-Predelle og Beatrice Halsaa Siim, Birte. Published in: Tidsskrift for kjønnsforskning. Publication date: 2014 Aalborg Universitet Line Nyhagen-Predelle og Beatrice Halsaa Siim, Birte Published in: Tidsskrift for kjønnsforskning Publication date: 2014 Document Version Early version, also known as pre-print Link

More information

4AANB006 Political Philosophy I Syllabus Academic year

4AANB006 Political Philosophy I Syllabus Academic year 4AANB006 Political Philosophy I Syllabus Academic year 2015-16 Basic information Credits: 15 Module Tutor: Dr Sarah Fine Office: 902 Consultation time: Tuesdays 12pm, and Thursdays 12pm. Semester: Second

More information

PISA, a mere metric of quality, or an instrument of transnational governance in education?

PISA, a mere metric of quality, or an instrument of transnational governance in education? PISA, a mere metric of quality, or an instrument of transnational governance in education? Endrit Shabani (2013 endrit.shabani@politics.ox.ac.uk Introduction In this paper, I focus on transnational governance

More information