Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences

Transcription

1 ISSN: Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences Volume 32 Number 2 December, 2012 Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan

2 ISSN: Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS) Editor in Chief Professor Dr. Azra Asghar Ali, Department of Pakistan Studies & Gender Studies Editor Professor Dr. Imran Sharif Chaudhry, Department of Economics Editorial Advisory Board Dr. Sara Ansari, Royal Holloway, University of London, UK Dr. Ruth Kattumuri, Asia Research Centre, London School of Economics, UK Dr. Yunus Samad, University of Bradford, UK Dr. Graham Smith, Royal Holloway, University of London, UK Dr. Matthew J Nelson, SOAS, UK Dr. Tayyab Mahmud, University of Seattle, USA. Professor Norman L. Dalsted, Colorado State University, USA Professor Dominique Torre, University Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNSA), France. Dr. Shunji Cui, Zhejiang University, China Dr. Ian Talbot, South Hampton University, UK. Dr. Ali Malik, University of Hertfordshire, UK Dr. Jonathan A.J. Wilson, University of Greenwich London, UK, Professor Jonathan Liu, Regent s College, Regent's Park, London, UK Professor Dr. Muhammad Aslam, University of the Punjab, Lahore Professor Dr. G. M. Arif, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE), Islamabad Professor Dr. Eatzaz Ahmad, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad Professor Dr. Zakir Hussain, Vice Chancellor, GC University, Faisalabad Professor Dr. Himayatullah Khan, KPK Agriculture University, Peshawar Professor Dr. S. Qalb-i-Abid, University of the Punjab, Lahore Professor Dr. Hafeez ur Rehman Chaudhry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad

3 ISSN: Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences Volume 32 Number 2 December, 2012 Contents Elections of Pakistan and Response of Social Scientists: 283 A Historiographical Survey of Theoretical Perceptions M. Javaid Akhtar The Heart Divided: A Post Colonial Perspective on Partition 297 Mohammad Ayub Jajja Outcome Inequality in Meritocracy in Urban Punjab Province 309 Anam Shehzadi, Hazoor Muhammad Sabir, Khurram Shehzad Aslam Qureshi, Safdar Hussain Tahir Empirical Analysis of Long and Short Run Relationship among Macroeconomic 323 Variables and Karachi Stock Market: An Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) Approach Abid Ali Shah, Rehana Kouser, Muhammad Aamir, Irum Saba Interrelations between Organizational Culture, 339 Innovation and Employee Performance: Evidence from Banking Sector of Pakistan Masood ul Hassan, Sadia Shaukat, Muhammad Shakeel, Muhammad Imran The Impact of Fiscal Decentralization, Inequality and Poverty on Employment: 357 Evidence from Pakistan Muhammad Zahir Faridi, Mumtaz Anwar Chaudhry, Fahad Nuzair Ansari Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan 371 Imran Sharif Chaudhry, Noreen Safdar, Fatima Farooq Conflict with the Scholars or Ri+lah <Ilm\yah: A Biographical Assessment 383 of A+mad Zarr]q (d ) Ghulam Shams-ur-Rehman Lean Manufacturing as an Alternative Operational Process in a Small Printing 395 Organization in Johannesburg Ajay K Garg, Mr. S. Naidoo An Investigation for Pro-Poorness of Government Educational 411 Policy in Pakistan (1991 & 2007) K. Zaman, W. Ikram, M. Ahmad

4 Zulfi Bhutto s Foreign Policy: 427 Vocalization for Self-reliance and Vivification of Integrity Omer Farooq Zain The Role of Christians in the Freedom Movement of Pakistan: An Appraisal 437 Munir-ul-Anjum, Shahnaz Tariq The Paradox of Globalization and State Fragmentation 445 Since the Twentieth Century Ogbonnaya Ufiem Maurice, Ogujiuba Kanayo, Duru Emmauel Chukwuma Low Female Labour Participation in Pakistan: Causes and Consequences 453 Samina Isran, Manzoor Ali Isran Government Spending, Economic Growth and 469 Rural Poverty in Pakistan Nabila Asghar, Asma Awan, Hafeez ur Rehman Economic Evaluation of Project Site Using Cardinal Numbers Approach 485 Ejaz Gul, Imran Sharif Chaudhry, Fatima Farooq Calibration of Parallel Forms of an Achievement Test in Applied 497 Psychology at B. Ed Level Ulfat Kazmi, Shamim Haider Termizy The Upsurge of Religious Extremism: A Challenge to Democracy, 511 Governance and National Unity in Pakistan Sajid Mahmood Awan, Omer Farooq Zain The Clash of Civilizations? A Critique 521 Mian Muhammad Tahir Ashraf Culture, Class and Power: A Critique of Pakistan English Language Textbooks 529 M. Tahir Yaqoob, Shirin Zubair

5 Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences Aims and Scope Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS) disseminates original and quality research in all disciplines of social sciences. It was formerly the Journal of Research (Humanities) from 1987 to PJSS is a double-blind peer-reviewed and multidisciplinary international research journal that publishes bi-annually by the Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan. This academic research journal addresses both applied and theoretical issues in social sciences including Economics & Management in English language. Likely subscribers are universities, research institutions, governmental, nongovernmental agencies and individual researchers. Submissions The editor welcomes submissions of research papers/articles/book reviews based on original and new research ideas in good English that have not been submitted elsewhere for publication. Instructions for authors are given at the end of this issue. Electronic submissions in MS-Word format are strongly encouraged and should be sent to pjss@bzu.edu.pk Views expressed in the PJSS are only those of authors and not those of the editor or the publisher. The authors are responsible for their views articulated in their papers published in PJSS. Abstracting & Indexing Pakistan journal of Social Sciences (PJSS) is recognized by Higher Education Commission (HEC) in Y category, Government of Pakistan and is also abstracted / indexed in EBSCO, ProQuest and Ulrich. Subscriptions There is an open access to all published research papers available on the Journal s webpage while the hard copy of the Journal may be subscribed by paying its price. The subscription rate for first class mail is $50 for foreign subscribers while inland rate is Rs for one year (2 issues). All subscription requests and orders should be sent to: The Editor, Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS), Department of Economics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan pjss@bzu.edu.pk Copyright and Published by: Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan (60800) Pakistan Tel: +92-(0) , +92-(0) UAN: , Fax: (061) , Web Site: All rights reserved

6 Instructions for the Authors PJSS publishes new and quality research in all disciplines of the social sciences. All research articles are subject to double blind peer reviewed process. An article consisting 3,000 to 6,000 words should strictly be submitted electronically according to journal s format. Authors should remember that they are writing for an international readership and should avoid spelling mistakes, incorrect format, jargon, complicated construction and sexist or racist statements. The contents of the papers shall be the sole responsibility of the authors especially in case of plagiarism found at any stage. The first page of manuscript should only contain the title of the paper and name of authors with their affiliations and addresses. The second page should include again title, abstract and key words. All research papers should possible be arranged into sections on introduction, literature review, objectives, methodological issues, results and discussions, and finally conclusion with Roman numerals. Tables and figures should be given in accordance with the text. Pages, foot notes, tables and figures should also be numbered consecutively and separately with Arabic numerals. Quotations should be indented an additional half - inch from the margin from both sides with 1 point small font size and in italic style. A manuscript should also be typed with double spaced except tables, figures and references. The Abstract should be informative and completely self-explanatory, briefly present the topic, state the scope of the study, indicate significant data, and point out major findings and conclusions. Following the abstract of words, about 4 to 6 key words that will provide indexing references should be listed. Acknowledgements, authors notes and appendices should appear at the end of the article before the references. The American Psychological Association (APA) style of references should be followed. Every citation must appear in your reference list. A list of references should only contain those citations that are given in the text of manuscript. All references should be given in an alphabetical order of works cited in the research paper. The reference guidelines are consistent with advice given in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th Edition, July The format of references may be followed as given on the Journal s webpage for more details.