GLOBAL EDITION. Political Science. An Introduction THIRTEENTH EDITION. Michael G. Roskin Robert L. Cord James A. Medeiros Walter S.

Transcription

1 GLOBAL EDITION Political Science An Introduction THIRTEENTH EDITION Michael G. Roskin Robert L. Cord James A. Medeiros Walter S. Jones

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3 Political Science: An Introduction, Global Edition - PDF - PDF Table of Contents Cover Brief Contents Detailed Contents Preface Part I : The Bases of Politics Chapter 1 : Can Politics Be a Science? What is Political Science? The Subfields of Political Science Classic Thought: Never Get Angry at a Fact The Master Science History Human Geography Economics Sociology Anthropology Psychology Political Power Biological Classic Works: Concepts and Percepts Psychological Cultural Rational Irrational Power as a Composite Legitimacy, Sovereignty, and Authority Methods : Learning a Chapter Is Politics a Science? The Struggle to See Clearly What Good is Political Science? Chapter 2 : Ways of Looking at Politics Classic Theories Classic Works : Not Just Europeans The Contractualists Marxist Theories Economics Social Class History

4 Behavioralism New Institutionalism Methods : Theses Systems Theory Theories : Models: Simplifying Reality Modernization Theory Rational-Choice Theory Chapter 3 : Has the Age of Ideology Passed? What is Ideology? Theories : The Origins of Ideologies Liberalism Modern Liberalism Conservatism Modern Conservatism Socialism Social Democracy Communism Nationalism Regional Nationalism Fascism Methods : Supporting a Thesis Ideology in Our Day The Collapse of Communism Neoconservatism Libertarianism Feminism Environmentalism Case Studies : Islamism: A New Ideology with Old Roots Democracy : Authoritarian Capitalism Is Ideology Finished? Chapter 4 : Basic Political Institutions Institutionalized Power Classic Works : Aristotles Six Types of Government Effective, Weak, and Failed States Unitary or Federal Systems Unitary Systems Methods : Sources Case Studies : The Shaky Lives of Confederations

5 Federal Systems Electoral Systems Single-Member Districts Proportional Representation Case Studies : French and German Variations States and the Economy Chapter 5 : Trying to Safeguard Rights Constitutions The Highest Law of the Land The General Nature of Constitutional Law Case Studies : The Dangers of Changing Constitutions Constitutions and Constitutional Government The Purpose of a Constitution Case Studies : Canadas New Constitution Can Constitutions Ensure Rights? Civil Liberties and Civil Rights Minority Groups and Civil Liberties The Adaptability of the U.S. Constitution Case Studies : What is a Right? The Right to Bear Arms Freedom of Expression in the United States Free Speech and Sedition Rights for Terrorists? Methods : References Chapter 6 : Democracy and Its Enemies Representative Democracy Popular Accountability of Government Political Competition Alternation in Power Uncertain Electoral Outcomes Popular Representation Majority Decision Right of Dissent and Disobedience Political Equality Popular Consultation Free Press Democracy in Practice: Elitism or Pluralism? Democracy : Dahls Influence Terms Totalitarianism

6 What is Totalitarianism? Image and Reality of Total Control Methods : Tight Writing Right-Wing Totalitarianism Democrac : Why Democracies Fail Authoritarianism Authoritarianism and the Developing Nations Case Studies : Democracy in Iraq? The Democratization of Authoritarian Regimes Part II : Political Attitudes Chapter 7 : The Underlying Values of Politics What is Political Culture? Political Culture and Public Opinion Classic Works : The Civic Culture Participation in America Democracy : Civil Society Methods : Quotations The Decay of Political Culture Case Studies : America the Religious Elite and Mass Subcultures Theories : Culture and Development Minority Subcultures Case Studies : Quebec: Maîtres Chez Nous Political Socialization Classic Works : The Authoritarian Personality Case Studies : China Builds Unity Chapter 8 : Polling the Citizenry What Public Opinion Is and Isnt Democracy : A Short History of Polling The Shape of Public Opinion Social Class Education Classic Works : Almonds Three Publics Region Religion Age Gender Ethnic Group Elite and Mass Opinion

7 Democracy : Opinion Curves Public Opinion Polls Polling Techniques How Reliable are the Polls? Methods : Variables American Opinion Presidential Ratings Liberals and Conservatives Who Pays Attention? Is Polling Fair? Should the United States Be Governed by Polls? Part III : Political Interactions Chapter 9 : Politics and the Media The Mass Media and Politics Classic Works : The Two-Step Flow of Mass Communications Modern Mass Media Democracy : The Tendency to Media Monopoly The New Social Media Case Studies : The Media and War The Giant: Television Television News Television and Politics Methods : Defining Variables Theories : The Framing of News Are We Poorly Served? Case Studies : The Media and Watergate What Can Be Done? The Adversaries: Media and Government Chapter 10 : The Politics of Pluralism The Ubiquity of Interest Groups Interest Groups and Political Parties Who Belongs to Interest Groups? Theories : Countervailing Power Interest Groups and Government Government-Created Interest Groups Bureaucrats as an Interest Group Case Studies : French Antipluralism Effective Interest Groups

8 Political Culture The Rise of Big Money The Rise of Single-Issue Groups Case Studies : How Powerful are U.S. Unions? Size and Membership Methods : Tables Access Interest Group Strategies Approaching Lawmakers Approaching the Administration Approaching the Judiciary Appeals to the Public Demonstrations Classic Works : Olsons Theory of Interest Groups Violent Protest Interest Groups: An Evaluation Skewing Policy Stalemating Political Power Chapter 11 : The Vehicles of Democracy Methods : Cross-Tabulations Functions of Parties A Bridge Between People and Government Aggregation of Interests Integration into the Political System Political Socialization Mobilization of Voters Organization of Government Democracy : Parties that Ignore Voters Parties in Democracies Centralization Setting Government Policy Party Participation in Government Theories : What is a Relevant Party? Financing the Party Classic Works : Duvergers Three Types of Parties Classifying Political Parties Communist Parties Classic Works : Kirchheimers Catchall Party Party Systems Case Studies : Multiparty Systems are More Fun Classifying Party Systems Theories : Sartoris Party Competition The Party System and the Electoral System

9 Are Parties Fading? Chapter 12 : Voting Why Do People Vote? Theories : Downss Theory of Voting Who Votes? Income and Education Race Methods : Tendency Statements Age Gender Place of Residence Who Votes How? Party Identification Class Voting Regional Voting Religious Blocs Age Groups Gender Gap Case Studies : Is the U.S. Electoral System Defective? Marriage Gap Gay Gap Race Urban Voting Electoral Realignment Democracy : Partisan Polarization A New Realignment? What Wins Elections? Retrospective Voting Candidate Strategies and Voter Groups Democracy : Changing Positions Part IV : Political Institutions Chapter 13 : Parliaments The Origins of Parliaments Presidential and Parliamentary Systems Separation and Fusion of Powers Classic Works : Where Did the U.S. System Originate? Advantages of Parliamentary Systems Bicameral or Unicameral?

10 What Legislatures Do The Committee System Methods : Longitudinal Studies A Closer Look at Legislatures The Decline of Legislatures Structural Disadvantages Democracy : Pork-Barrel Politics Overspending Lack of Expertise Psychological Disadvantages The Absentee Problem Lack of Turnover The Dilemma of Parliaments Chapter 14 : Running a Government Presidents and Prime Ministers Forming a Government in Britain Constructive No Confidence in Germany Cohabitation in France Case Studies : Israels Directly Elected Prime Ministers The Presidentialization of Prime Ministers Executive Terms Case Studies : Authoritarianism Returns to Russia Classic Works : Lasswells Psychology of Power Democracy : An Imperial Presidency? Executive Leadership Methods : Graphs The Danger of Expecting Too Much Cabinets Who Serves in a Cabinet? Classic Works : American Paranoia Bureaucracies Classic Works : Webers Definition of Bureaucracies Bureaucracies in Comparison The United States Communist Countries France Germany Britain Japan Theories : Bureaucratic Politics The Trouble with Bureaucracy

11 Chapter 15 : Laws and Courts Types of Law Criminal Law Civil Law Constitutional Law Administrative Law International Law Classic Works : The Roots of Law The Courts, the Bench, and the Bar The U.S. Court System Case Studies : Common Law Versus Code Law Judges Comparing Courts The Anglo-American Adversarial and Accusatorial Process British Courts European Court Systems Courts in Russia Classic Works : Marbury v. Madison The Role of the Courts Methods : Scattergrams The U.S. Supreme Court The Supreme Courts Political Role The Views of Justices The Supreme Courts Political Impact Part V : What Political Systems Do Chapter 16 : Government and the Economy What is Political Economy? Case Studies : How High are U.S. Taxes? Government and the Economy Inflation Tax Hike Balance of Payments Gold Standard Wage-Price Freeze Oil Shocks Stagflation Interest Rates Tax Cuts Budget Deficits Methods : Maps

12 Trade Deficits Government Debt Fiscal Cliff Inequality Bubbles What is Poverty? Democracy : Poverty and Ideology Welfare Versus Entitlements Case Studies : Welfare Spending Versus Tax Expenditures The Costs of Welfare Food Stamps Welfare Reform Healthcare Reform How Big Should Government Be? Chapter 17 : Political Breakdown System Breakdown Violence as a Symptom Types of Violence Methods : Thinkpieces Primordial Separatist Revolutionary Coups Issues Change as a Cause of Violence Theories : Rising Expectations Terrorism Case Studies : Revolutionary Political Warfare in Vietnam Revolutions Intellectuals and Revolution The Stages of Revolution Case Studies : The Iranian Revolutionary Cycle After the Revolution Case Studies : Violent Versus Velvet Revolutions Chapter 18 : Politics at the World Level What is International Relations? Power and National Interest Methods : Avoid They Theories : Types of National Interest

13 The Importance of Economics Why War? Micro Theories Macro Theories Misperception Classic Works : Kennans Dinosaur Analogy Keeping Peace World Government Collective Security Functionalism Third-Party Assistance Diplomacy Peacekeeping Beyond Sovereignty? The United Nations The North Atlantic Treaty Organization Democracy : The Democratic Peace U.S. Foreign Policy: Involved or Isolated? Cycles of U.S. Foreign Policy Theories : Klingbergs Alternat ion Theory The United States in a Dangerous World Classic Works : Thucydides on War Glossary Photo Credits Index