U.S.-Latin American Relations Advanced Seminar

Transcription

1 - 1 - U.S.-Latin American Relations Advanced Seminar Amherst College Prof. Javier Corrales Political Science 22 Clark House 202 Fall 2002 x2164 Tue and Thu 2-3:20 pm Office Hours: Tu 3:30-4:30p jcorrales@amherst.edu Wed 2:00-3:30p Description of the seminar Can small and nonpowerful nations ever profit from a relationship with a powerful hegemon? Who gains and who loses in this type of asymmetrical relationship? This seminar addresses these questions by looking at the relations between the U.S. and Latin America. The seminar is divided into three parts. The first part presents different ways in which intellectuals from the U.S. and Latin America have tried to conceptualize and analyze intra-hemispheric relations. We also look at how theories of International Relations might apply to U.S.-Latin America relations. The goal of this part of the course is to understand various schools of thought and apply them to several dimensions of U.S.-Latin America relations throughout the rest of the seminar. The second part of the course looks at political, military, security, and economic issues in the Western Hemisphere before the end of the Cold War. We begin by looking at intra-hemispheric relations prior to World War II (the sources of U.S. interventionism and the response of Latin America), followed by a look at how postwar optimism soon gave way to a Cold War divide. Did the Cold War change the traditional ways of interaction between the U.S. and Latin America? Did the U.S. respond similarly to different security threats throughout the region? Why did the U.S. strive to accommodate some leftwing governments, but not others? How did Latin American economic actors try to enter U.S. markets? How did the U.S. cope with economic nationalism in Latin America? The third part of the course covers contemporary issues in the U.S.-Latin America agenda: the rise of hemispherism, the renewed willingness of the U.S. (and some Latin American nations) to intervene in the hemisphere to defend democracy, efforts to control the illegal flow of drugs and immigrants, the trade-off between having good relations and promoting good governance. Readings This seminar relies heavily on reading and films. The readings will average 220 pages per week during the first three months, and approximately 130 pages per week during the last several weeks. It is essential that you complete the assigned readings and watch the films prior to class. There are no formal lectures nor in-class tests. The readings can be classified into two categories. The first consists of theoretical and/or interpretative readings that present different views on several aspects of U.S.-Latin America relations. For example, is

2 - 2 - U.S. policy imperialistic or self-restrained? Do Latin American nations gain or lose when the U.S. pays too much attention to the region? Is U.S. foreign policy dictated mostly by international circumstances, by the ideas and preferences of the President, by large multinationals, or is it a compromise among different domestic actors? Does knowing the party affiliation of the U.S. president allow us to predict U.S. policy toward Latin America? Is there a role for sanctions to promote good governance? Answers to these questions vary widely. Students will be expected to think critically about these issues. The second category of readings consists of case studies such as the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Falklands War, the Alliance for Progress, the Nicaraguan revolution, Mexico's debt crisis, military intervention in Haiti, fighting drug lords in Colombia, promoting democracy in Cuba. The purpose of these case studies is to allow you to test theoretical arguments. Do not be put off by the diversity of perspectives and amount of empirical information in the readings. Simply read the materials to understand their content, appreciate the strengths and weaknesses of the arguments, and identify crucial events. Do not be put off either if you have questions about the readings. Feel free to raise them in class. I will also be happy to discuss any additional questions that you might have during office hours or by appointment. The following books are required and available for purchase at Atticus Bookstore, 8 Main Street, Amherst ( ): LaRosa, Michael and Frank O. Mora Neighborly Adversaries. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield. Pastor, Robert A Exiting the Whirlpool: U.S. Foreign Policy Toward Latin America and the Caribbean. Westview Press. Smith, Peter Talons of the Eagle. Dynamics of U.S.-Latin American Relations. 2 nd Edition. New York: Oxford University Press. The rest of the reading materials will be available in the course multiliths, available for purchase from Vicki Farrington, Political Science Department, Clark House 101 (x2318). The multilith is divided into two volumes. In order to obtain Volume 2, you must submit an order form to the Political Science Department (c/o Vicki Farrington) by the end of the add/drop period. Being registered for the course does not entitle you to Volume 2; you must order your copy. Order forms are available in Vol. 1 or by contacting the Political Science Department. Reserve Readings: A final set of readings are on reserve in the library (copyrights were too expensive to include in the multilith). These articles can be retrieved from the circulation desk by call number. The call numbers are the same ones used in the stacks, unless it is a personal item or photocopied article. They are listed by title with thecall number personal copy or xeroxed. You can find the call number. by looking under 'course reserve' on the library home page. You can check out reserve items for no more than 3 hours at a time.

3 - 3 - Requirements and grading: Requirement Weight Participation: Participation (including 2-page papers) 20 percent Paper 1 (3 pp.) 10 percent Paper 2 (5-6 pp.) 15 percent Paper 3 (5-6 pp.) 20 percent Research Design/Proposal 5 percent Research Paper 30 percent Participation is a fundamental axis of this course. It counts for 20 percent of your grade. s provide a chance for you to discuss the readings, work through the arguments, evaluate cases, and engage in lively exchanges. attendance is mandatory. Attendance, however, is not the same as participation. The latter is the extent to which you make a qualitative contribution to the discussion in progress. It entails addressing the issues raised by me and your classmates, as well as raising your own issues in class when pertinent. Papers Two-page papers: Throughout the semester, you are required to submit three 2-page papers the day before our class. At least one paper is due before the October break. These papers should be based on the readings assigned for the week that you submit your paper. You decide which week to submit a paper. The topic is free, but you should try to write about aspects from the readings that you found insightful, puzzling, contradictory, debatable, remarkable, etc. Comparing arguments or applying arguments to cases is always an excellent idea. The papers are due the day before our class. I will read the papers before class and use them to prepare discussions. The papers will not be graded in the conventional way (you will either get a check-minus, check, or check-plus), but they will count toward your participation grade. You will write several analytical papers and one research paper. The analytical papers will address one of several topics, to be assigned at least one week prior to the due date. Answers should rely exclusively on the material from the syllabus; outside reading is neither required nor expected. Your grade will be based on the clarity of your prose, your understanding of the cited readings, your capacity to provide evidence for your argument and identify weaknesses in the arguments that you deem less persuasive. Additional guidelines will also be distributed in class. Guidelines on the research paper will be distributed in class.

4 - 4 - U.S.-Latin American Relations List of Assignments (P) = For Purchase; (R) = On Reserve Tue Sep 3 Thu Sep 5: Tue Sep 10: Thu Sep 12 Part I: Images Introduction: Images Neruda, Pablo "La United Fruit Co," in Ben Belitt, ed. and tr., Selected Poems of Pablo Neruda. Grove Press, pp (distributed in class). Political Cartoons (distributed in class). More images Cabrera Infante, Guillermo Three Trapped Tigers. Donald Garner, and Suzanne Jill Levine, tr. New York: Harper and Row, pp (P) Rodó, José Enrique [1900]. Excerpts from Ariel. Chapter 3 in LaRosa and Mora, pp Garvin, Glenn Adiós Panama. The Miami Herald, 12 December 1999, pp. L1-L5. Bush, George W Remarks by the President George W. Bush to the World Affairs Council National Conference, delivered at the Organization of American States. January 16. More images (P) The Platt Amendment of In LaRosa and Mora, pp Paz, Octavio [1979]. AReflections: The U.S. and Mexico. In Robert S. Leiken, ed., A New Moment in the Americas. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, pp (P) Declaration of Santiago. In LaRosa and Mora, pp Cardoso, Fernando Henrique On President Bush, as printed in The Washington Times, June 29, Editorial Comments: Challenges in the South, Financial Times, July 26, (P) Pastor, Robert A. 2002, pp Discussion of Four Days in September Part II: Systemic Theories and US-LA Relations prior until WWII Theories: Realism and Imperialism Russet, Bruce and Harvey Starr World Politics. The Menu for Choice. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, pp Waltz, Kenneth Man, the State and War. New York: Columbia University Press, pp , (R) Walt, Stephen M The Origins of Alliances. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, pp Lenin, V.I [1917]. Selections from Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism. In Jeffrey A. Frieden and David A. Lake, eds. International Political Economy. Third Edition. New York: St. Martin=s Press, pp Schumpeter, Joseph. AThe Problem and Imperialism and Capitalism. In Imperialism and Social es. Meridian, pp. 3-8, Mon Sep 9: Film: Four Days in September Thu Sep 12: Paper No. 1

5 - 5 - Tue Sep 17: Thu Sep 19 Tue Sep 24 Thu Sep 26 Tue Oct 1 Evaluating Realism and Theories of Imperialism: the 19 th Century (P) Smith, Peter Talons of the Eagle. Dynamics of U.S.-Latin American Relations. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 1-44, 50-54, Zakaria, Fareed From Wealth to Power. Princeton University Press, pp , 81-89, Theories: Neoliberal Institutionalism Gilpin, Robert The Political Economy of International Relations. Princeton Univ. Press, pp (R) Keohane, Robert O International Liberalism Reconsidered. In John Dunn, ed., The Economic Limits to Modern Politics. Cambridge University Press, pp Grieco, Joseph M Anarchy and the Limits of Cooperation: A Realist Critique of the Newest Liberal Institutionalism. International Organization 42 (August): (R) Paarlberg, Robert The Costs and Benefits of Paying More Attention to Latin America. In Jorge I. Domínguez, ed., Economic Issues and Political Conflict: U.S.-Latin America Relations. Boston: Butterworth, pp (HANDOUT) (R) Finan, John J Latin America and World War II. In Harold Eugene Davis, John Finan, and F. Taylor Peck, eds., Latin American Diplomatic History. Louisiana State University, pp Theories: Assessing Neoliberal Institutionalism (P) Root, Elihu [1999]. The Real Monroe Doctrine. In LaRosa and Mora, pp (P) Pastor, Robert, pp (R) Corrales, Javier and Richard E. Feinberg Regimes of Cooperation in the Americas: Power, Interest and Intellectual Traditions, International Studies Quarterly. Part III: The Cold War: Politics, Security and Economics The Soviets are Here: The U.S. and Communist Cuba (R) Welch Jr., Richard E Response to Revolution. The United States and the Cuban Revolution, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, pp (P) Luxenberg, Alan H Did Eisenhower Push Castro into the Arms of the Soviets? Chapter 15 in LaRosa and Mora, pp (P) Smith, pp Blasier, Cole The Hovering Giant: U.S. Responses to Revolutionary Change in Latin America. Revised Edition. University of Pittsburgh Press, pp (pp recommended). The Bay of Pigs and the Missile Crisis (NB: Later in the semester (date TBA), there will be a guest lecture by Prof. Bill Taubman on the Cuban Missile Crisis). Robinson, Linda "The Price of Military Folly. JFK, the CIA and Cuban Exiles: A Disaster Called the Bay of Pigs" U.S. News and World Report, 22 April, pp Krasner, Stephen Are Bureaucracies Important? Foreign Policy 7 (Summer): Fri Sep 27: Paper No. 2 Mon Sep 30: Film: Thirteen Days.

6 - 6 - Thu Oct 3: "Correspondence between Fidel and Khrushchev." CIA. The Military Buildup in Cuba, National Intelligence Estimate , September 19, In Mary S. McAuliffe Cuban Missile Crisis Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency, pp Kennedy, John F Excerpts from a speech on Cuba, April 20, 1961 (pp The Alliance for Progress Lowenthal, Abraham F Liberal, Radical, and Bureaucratic Perspectives on U.S. Latin American Policy: The Alliance for Progress in Retrospect. In Julio Cótler, and Richard R. Fagen, eds. Latin America and the United States, pp (R) Schelsinger Jr., Arthur The Alliance for Progress: A Retrospective. In Ronald G. Hellman, and H.Jon Rosenbaum, eds. Latin America: The Search for a New International Role. Wiley, pp CLASS HANDOUT Cobbs, Elizabeth A "U.S. Business: Self-Interest and Neutrality." In Abraham F. Lowenthal, ed., Exporting Democracy, pp Smith, Tony. "The Alliance for Progress: The 1960s." in Lowenthal, ed., Exporting Democracy, pp Mon Oct 7: Evening Lecture: Charles Krause Tue Oct 8: Variation in U.S. Response to Threats (Part 1) Blasier, Cole The Giant's Rival: the USSR and Latin America. Revised Edition. University of Pittsburgh Press, pp , , Blasier, Cole The Hovering Giant, pp. 6-11, , Thu Oct 10: Variation in U.S. Responses to Threats (Part 2) Blasier, Cole The Hovering Giant, pp Cottam, Martha L Images and Intervention. U.S. Policies in Latin America. University of Pittsburgh Press, pp , One more reading TBA. Tue Oct 15 No : Begin work on research paper Thu Oct 17 Tue Oct 22: Film (in class): : Frontline: War in Nicaragua U.S. and Central America in the 1980s Putnam, Robert D Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games. International Organization 42: (P) Pastor, pp Pastor, Robert A Excerpts from Condemned To Repetition: The United States and Nicaragua. Chapter 20 in LaRosa and Mora, pp Carter, Jimmy. Excerpts from statements on Nixon-Kissinger s foreign policy, expressed during the televised presidentional debate, October 7, Week of Oct 21: Research proposal due Thu Oct 24: Nicaragua and Chile in the 1980s Kirkpatrick, Jeanne J "U.S. Security and Latin America." In Howard Wiarda, ed., Rift and Revolution: The Central American Imbroglio. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute, pp (P) Pastor, pp , Ronfeldt, David Geopolitics, Security, and U.S. Strategy in the Caribbean Mon Oct 28: Film: Mexico from Boom to Bust

7 - 7 - Tue Oct 29: Basin, R-2997-AF/RC. Rand Corporation, pp. iii-xii, 1-15, 25-47, Muñoz, Heraldo Chile: The Limits of Success and Thomas Carothers, The Reagan Years: the 1980s. In Abraham Lowenthal, ed., Exporting Democracy, pp , and pp Discussion of War on Nicaragua. The U.S. and Economic Nationalism (1940s-1980s) Gilpin, Robert The Political Economy of International Relations. Princeton University Press, pp (R) Domínguez, Jorge I., ed Economic Issues and Political Conflict: U.S.- Latin America Relations. Boston: Butterworth, pp , HANDOUT Business International Research Report Nationalism in Latin America. The Challenge and the Corporate Response, New York, pp Kuczynski, Pedro-Pablo Latin American Debt. Johns Hopkins University Press, pp Part IV: The 1990s and Beyond Thu Oct 31: Tue Nov 5: Thu Nov 7: Tue Nov 12 Thu Nov 14: Tue Nov 19: Colombia and Venezuela (P) Bagley, Bruce M. and Juan G. Tokatlian ADope and Dogma. Explaining the failure of U.S.-Latin American Drug Policies. Chapter 19 in LaRosa and Mora, pp More readings TBA Colombia and Venezuela Posible Guest Lecturer: Prof. Heinz Sonntag Readings TBA Colombia and Venezuela: Possible Guest Lecturer, Prof. Mark Williams Readings TBA From the Debt Crisis to NAFTA (R) Gilpin, pp (P) Pastor, pp (P) Smith, pp , Rohter, Larry North American Trade Bloc? Mexico Rejects Such an Idea. New York Times, November 24. Grayson, George W U.S.-Mexican Relations: The Challenge of NAFTA. In Martz, John D., ed. United States Policy in Latin America. A Decade of Crisis and Challenge. University of Nebraska Press, pp Meyer, Frederick Domestic Politics of NAFTA in the United States. In Van R. Whiting, Jr., ed., Regionalization in the World Economy: NAFTA, the Americas and Asia Pacific Macmillan India, pp The Nafta Effect The Economist (July 5, 1997): From Nafta to FTA Readings TBA. Cuba: The Embargo: Merged with PS22 Suchliki, Jaime Castro s Cuba: Continuity Instead of Change. In Fri Nov 1 Paper 3 Mon Nov 4 Film: Get Up, Stand Up

8 - 8 - Thu Nov 21: Tue Nov Tue Dec 3: Thu Dec 5: Tue Dec 10: Susan Kaufman Purcell and David Rothkopf, eds., Cuba: The Contours of Change. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienners, pp Purcell and Rothkopf, chapters by Zimbalist (pp ), and Purcell (pp ). Schwartzman, Kathleen Can International Boycotts Transform Poltical Systems? The Cases of Cuba and South Africa. Latin American Politics and Society 43, 2 (Summer): Carter, Jimmy Opening to Cuba: We Must Find a Common Ground. The Washington Post, May 24. Bush, George W Remarks by the President on Cuba Policy Review, The White House, Office of the Press Secretary, May 20. Financial Crises: Argentina and Brazil Readings TBA Thanksgiving Financial Crises: Argentina and Brazil Readings TBA Unwanted Flows: Illegal Immigrants Extended Hours: 2-4:20pm Kennedy, David ACan We Still Afford to Be a Nation of Immigrants? The Atlantic Monthly 278, 5 (November): Borjas, George AThe New Economics of Immigration. The Atlantic Monthly 278, 5 (November): Castañeda, Jorge G AMexico and California. The Paradox of Tolerance and Dedemocratization. In Abraham Lowenthal and Katrina Burgess, eds., The California-Mexico Connection. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, pp Castañeda, Jorge G Mexico=s Circle of Misery. Foreign Affairs (July- August): Andreas, Peter U.S.-Mexico: Open Markets, Closed Border. Foreign Policy 103 (Summer): (R) Weaver, Jay U.S. Migration Policy Doesn=t Deter Treacherous Journeys. The Miami Herald, 12 December The US and Latin America=s Social Agenda Birdsall, Nancy, Nora Lustig, and Lesley O=Connell The United States and the Social Challenge in Latin America, in Albert Fishlow and James Jones, eds., The United States and the Americas, W.W. Norton, pp (R) Helping the Third World. The Economist, 26 June 1999, pp (P) Smith, Peter, pp Wed Dec 4: Film: El Súper