The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1

Transcription

1 The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1

2 The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1

3 The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1 Main Idea The Revolution Begins Problems in French society led to a revolution, the formation of a new government, and the end of the monarchy. Content Statement 8/Learning Goal: Describe how Enlightenment ideas influenced the American Revolution, French Revolution and Latin American wars for independence.

4 The French Revolution Vocabulary and Napoleon Ch 6-1 Section 1 Old Order King Louis XVI Marie-Antoinette First Estate Second Estate Third Estate bourgeoisie Sans coulette Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen radical

5 The French Revolution Vocabulary and Napoleon Ch 6-1 Section 1 Old Order: the political and social system in place in France before the Revolution. King Louis XVI: ( ) King of France from , his unpopular policies, including harsh taxes, helped trigger the French Revolution. Deposed by the National Convention, he was executed by guillotine. ABSOLUTE MONARCH Marie-Antoinette: ( ) Queen of France, wife of King Louis XVI; she was queen during the French Revolution and was disliked by many French Citizens. She was found guilty of treason and guillotined. ABSOLUTE MONARCH First Estate: in Pre-Revolution France, the clergy Second Estate: in Pre-Revolution France, the nobles. Third Estate: in Pre-Revolution France, the bourgeoisie, artisans, workers, and peasants. Bourgeoisie: the urban middle class; merchants, professionals, and manufacturers.

6 The French Revolution Vocabulary and Napoleon Ch 6-1 Section 1 Sans coulette: without breeches ; a radical group of shopkeepers and wage earners during the French Revolution who wanted a larger voice in government and an end to food shortages. Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen: a document that laid out the basic principles of the French Revolution-liberty, equality, and fraternity. Radical: a person with extreme views. French Revolution was very radical. Abolished slavery in 1794 for slaves in Caribbean. Napoleon reinstates slavery in 1804.

7 The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1 Page 197 *Know these causes

8 The French Revolution 1)Causes and of Napoleon the Revolution Section 1 1. Long-standing resentments against the monarchy 2. Inequalities in society and government Existing social and political structure Called the Old Order, or ancient régime King at the top and estates under him King Louis XVI, shy and indecisive Unpopular, self-indulgent queen, Marie- Antoinette Rest of French society divided into three classes, called estates

9 2) Inequalities in Society: Old Order Estates under Estates-General The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1 First Estate Second Estate Third Estate Roman Catholic clergy 1% of the population Exempt from taxes Owned 10 percent of the land Collected rents and fees Bishops and other clergy grew wealthy Nobility Less than 2% of pop. Paid few taxes Controlled much wealth Held key positions Government Military Lived on country estates Largest group 97% of the population Bourgeoisie citydwelling merchants, factory owners, and professionals Sans culottes artisans and workers Peasants poor with little hope, paid rents and fees

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11 The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1 3)Enlightenment Ideas 4)A Financial Crisis Inspiring new ideas from Enlightenment philosophers Great Britain s government limiting the king s power American colonists rebelled successfully against British king New ideas changed government and society in other countries Further Causes Severe economic problems Years of war costly: Seven Years War (French +Indian), American Revolution. War with Austria and Prussia. King tries to tax Second Estate but they refuse to pay. France in debt, spending lavishly, borrowing money, and facing bankruptcy. King spends half of treasury yearly to pay down debt. Hailstorm and drought ruined harvest; harsh winter limited flour production (2 lbs bread daily) People hungry and angry; clergy and nobility no help

12 The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1 Palace of Versailles

13 The French Revolution Palace and of Napoleon VersaillesSection 1

14 The French Revolution Palace and of Napoleon VersaillesSection 1

15 5)First Events of the Revolution/Meeting of the Estates-General The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1 Estates General meets for first time in 175 years People brought notebooks of grievances to king.(1789) Desire for reforms: 3 RD Estate pushes for voting on reforms. Unfair voting as each estate gets only 1 vote (esp to 3rd estate) 3 rd Estate had most representatives at meeting but King proceeds as usual. Usually 1 st and 2 nd Estate out vote 3 rd. King locks 3 rd estate out of the meeting. 3rd Estate protests the voting and forms the *National Assembly June 17,1789 Tennis Court Oath- meeting to force King Louis to change votes and writes a Constitution. King relents and allows voting reforms. (Locke s Social Contract: Government vs consent ) National Assembly now legislative body. *Constitutional Monarchy

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17 The 6)Storming French Revolution of the and Bastille/The Napoleon Spread Section of Fear 1 p.199 picture King brought in troops to protect his kingdom People of Paris armed themselves Searching for weapons (video: gunpowder), a mob stormed the Bastille Bastille, an ancient prison, was seen as a sign of oppression Mob kills official in charge of Bastille. Decapitates him and puts head on pike and parades it around town. Violence condoned. Tears down the Bastille brick by brick using bare hands.

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20 The French Revolution 7) The and Spread Napoleon of FearSection 1 People thought King was going to punish the Third Estate with foreign soldiers The Great Fear Rumors of massacres Peasants destroyed records and burned nobles houses Panic was based on both fiction and fact. In region of Champagne, villagers go to search for gang of thugs rumored to be in village. Turns out to be herd of cattle.

21 The French Creating Revolution a New Nation and Napoleon under National Assembly Section 1 8)Legislating New Rights By early August 1789 Feudal dues and First Estate s legal privileges were eliminated. Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen laid out liberty, equality, fraternity Inspired by the English Bill of Rights, American Declaration of Independence, and the writings of Enlightenment philosophers Men are born equal and remain equal under the law The rights did not extend to women

22 The French Creating Revolution a New Nation and Napoleon under National Assembly Section 1 9)Restrictions on Power Louis tried to protect his throne by calling troops to Versailles. Angered the common people. October 1789, 7,000 women marched from Paris to Versailles in protest. Thought Queen was hoarding grain. (12 miles apart) Group grows in number into a mob and besieges palace. Prices still high; mob broke into the palace demanding bread Royal family seized; National Assembly took bolder steps Royal family moves back to Paris to appease crowd. Passed laws against the church, clergy, and public employees Seized and sold church land to settle government s debts. Some outraged by actions

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24 10)Formation of a New Government The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1 In 1791, the Legislative Assembly is formed by National Assembly. Citizens gained broad voting rights, but rights were not universal. Constitution finalized. Constitution restricted power of king and ended distinctions of birth. King and queen feared they would be harmed. Foreign Powers 11)End of Monarchy Austria and Prussia warned against harming monarchs Austria defeats France in war Financial strain of war, food shortages, and high prices King blamed; action demanded August 10, 1792 royal family imprisoned by mob Legislative Assembly felt powerless. Votes itself out of existence. National Convention becomes new legislature Radical faction took charge with National Convention: new government Monarchy abolished; France declared a republic French revolutionary troops won the Battle of Valmy. New French republic held ground against Europe s Old Order.

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