dsage Publications Los Angeles London New Delhi Singapore

Transcription

1 SAGE LIBRARY IN BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT Small Business and Entrepreneurship VOLUME I Edited by Robert A. Blackburn and Candida G. Brush dsage Publications Los Angeles London New Delhi Singapore

2 Appendix of Sources Acknowledgments Editors' Introduction Small Business & Entrepreneurship: Convergence or Divergence? xv xxv xxvii VOLUME I A. SMALL BUSINESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP THEORY AND THEORY DEVELOPMENT 1. The Developing Domain of Entrepreneurship and Small Business 1. Entrepreneurship Research in Emergence: Past Trends and Future Directions Lowell W. Busenitz, G. Page West III, Dean Shepherd, Teresa Nelson, Gaylen N. Chandler and Andrew Zacharakis 1 2. Is There an Elephant in Entrepreneurship? Blind Assumptions in Theory Development William B. Gartner The Adolescence of Entrepreneurship Research: Specification of Purpose Murray B. Low The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research Scott Shane and S. Venkataraman The Focus of Entrepreneurial Research: Contextual and Process Issues Deniz Ucbasaran, Paul Westhead and Mike Wright 60 B. RESEARCH APPROACHES 2. Methodological Issues and Debates 6. Levels of Analysis in Entrepreneurship Research: Current Research Practice and Suggestions for the Future Per Davidsson and Johan Wiklund Working the Field R. Holliday Researching Entrepreneurship through Phenomenological Inquiry: Philosophical and Methodological Issues Jason Cope Case-Study Method in Small Business and Entrepreneurial Research: Mapping Boundaries and Perspectives Lew Perren and Monder Ram Discourses and Critiques of the Field 10. New Meanings for Entrepreneurs: From Risk-taking Heroes to Safe-Seeking Professionals Ulla Hytti 155

3 vi contents 11. Mythicizing and Reification in Entrepreneurial Discourse: Ideology-Critique of Entrepreneurial Studies John 0. Ogbor Government Discourses on Entrepreneurship: Issues of Legitimization, Subjugation, and Power Lew Perren and Peter L. Jennings 2 04 C. POPULATIONS OF ENTREPRENEURS 4. Owner-Managers and Entrepreneurs 13. Differences between Entrepreneurs and Managers in Large Organizations: Biases and Heuristics in Strategic Decision-Making Lowell W. Busenitz and Jay B. Barney Differentiating Entrepreneurs from Small Business Owners: A Conceptualization James W. Carland, Frank Hoy, William R. Boulton and Jo Ann C. Carland The Entrepreneurial Personality: A Few Ghosts Laid to Rest? Elizabeth Chell A Psychosocial Cognitive Model of Employment Status Choice Jerome A. Katz Female Entrepreneurship and Feminist Perspectives 17. Why Research on Women Entrepreneurs Needs New Directions HeleneAhl Time for a Change? Women's Accounts of the Move from Organizational Careers to Self-Employment Mary Mallon and Laurie Cohen A Gendered Perspective on Organizational Creation Barbara Bird and Candida Brush Research on Women Business Owners: Past Trends, a New Perspective and Future Directions Candida G. Brush A Theoretical Overview and Extension of Research on Sex, Gender, and Entrepreneurship Eileen M. Fischer, A. Rebecca Reuber and Lorraine S. Dyke Feminist Insight on Gendered Work: New Directions in Research on Women and Entrepreneurship Kiran Mirchandani Immigrant and Ethnic Minority Businesses 23. Ethnicity and Entrepreneurship Howard E. Aldrich and Roger Waldinger Ethnic Minority Business: Theoretical Discourse in Britain and North America Giles A. Barrett, Trevor P. Jones and David McEvoy 421

4 VOLUME II contents vii C. POPULATION OF ENTREPRENEURS {Continued) 6. Immigrant and Ethnic Minority Businesses {Continued) 25. Minority Business Access to Mainstream Markets Timothy Bates The Absence of the African-American Owned Business: An Analysis of the Dynamics of Self-Employment Robert W. Fairlie 'Apprentice Entrepreneurs'? Ethnic Minority Workers in the Independent Restaurant Sector Monder Ram, Tahir Abbas, Balihar Sanghera, Gerald Barlow and Trevor Jones Outsiders' Business: A Critical Review of Research on Immigrant Entrepreneurship Jan Rath and Robert Kloosterman Family Business 29. The Pervasive Effects of Family on Entrepreneurship: Toward a Family Embeddedness Perspective Howard E. Aldrich and Jennifer E. Cliff Trends and Directions in the Development of a Strategic Management Theory of the Family Firm James J. Chrisman, Jess H. Chua and Pramodita Sharma Help One Another, Use One Another: Toward an Anthropology of Family Business Alex Stewart International Comparisons 32. The Normative Context for Women's Participation in Entrepreneurship: A Multicountry Study C. Christopher Baughn, Bee-Leng Chua and Kent E. Neupert The Socio-Cultural Environment for Entrepreneurship: A Comparison between East Asian and Anglo-Saxon Countries Thomas M. Begley and Wee-Liang Tan Entrepreneurship and its Determinants in a Cross-Country Setting Andreas Freytag and Roy Thurik Cross-National Comparisons of the Variation in New Firm Formation Rates Paul Reynolds, David J. Storey and Paul Westhead 191 D. FORMS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP 9. Social Enterprise 36. Social and Commercial Entrepreneurship: Same, Different, or Both? James Austin, Howard Stevenson and Jane Wei-Skillern 214

5 viii contents 37. Social Enterprise and Entrepreneurship: Towards a Convergent Theory of the Entrepreneurial Process Elizabeth Chell Social Entrepreneurship Research: A Source of Explanation, Prediction, and Delight Johanna Mair and Ignasi Marti Franchising 39. Why Do Firms Use Franchising as an Entrepreneurial Strategy?: A Meta-Analysis James G. Combs and David J. Ketchenjr Multi-Unit Franchising: Growth and Management Issues Patrick J. Kaufmann and Rajiv P. Dant Colas, Burgers, Shakes, and Shirkers: Towards a Sociological Model of Franchising in the Market Economy John Stanworth and James Curran Self-Employment 42. Self-Employment Entry across Industry Groups Timothy Bates Does Entrepreneurship Pay? An Empirical Analysis of the Returns to Self-Employment Barton H Hamilton Self-Employment Career Dynamics: The Case of 'Unemployment Push' in UK Book Publishing Bill Granger, John Stanworth and Celia Stanworth Self-Employment: More May Not be Better David G. Blanch flower 387 VOLUME III D. FORMS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP (Continued) 12. Entrepreneurship and Small Firms in Transition and Developing Economies 46. The Growth of the Firm in Planned Economies in Transition: Institutions, Organizations, and Strategic Choice Mike W. Peng and Peggy Sue Heath Self-Employment in the Era of the New Economic Model in Latin America: A Case Study from Nicaragua Michael J. Pisani and Jose A. Pagan New Private Enterprises in Three Transitional Contexts: Central Europe, the Former Soviet Union and China Ken Roberts and Changcheng Zhou 49

6 contents ix 49. The Distinctiveness of Entrepreneurship in Transition Economies David Smallbone and Friederike Welter Globalization and Internationalization 50. Effects of Age at Entry, Knowledge Intensity, and Imitability on International Growth Erkko Autio, Harry J. Sapienza and James G. Almeida Small Firm Dynamism in East Asia: An Introductory Overview Farrukh Iqbal and Shujiro Urata Internationalisation: Conceptualising an Entrepreneurial Process of Behaviour in Time Marian V. Jones and Nicole E. Coviello Denning International Entrepreneurship and Modeling the Speed of Internationalization Benjamin M. Oviatt and Patricia P. McDougall 146 E. ENTREPRENEURIAL PROCESSES AND ACTIVITIES 14. New Venture Creation 54. Improvising Firms: Bricolage, Account Giving and Improvisational Competencies in the Founding Process Ted Baker, Anne S. Miner and Dale T. Eesley Properties of Emerging Organizations: An Empirical Test Candida G. Brush, Linda F. Edelman and Tatiana S. Manolova Exploring Start-Up Event Sequences Nancy M. Carter, William B. Gartner and Paul D. Reynolds Competing Models of Entrepreneurial Intentions Norris F. Krueger, Jr., Michael D. Reilly and Alan L. Carsrud Challenges of Development, Growth and Performance 58. A Multidimensional Model of Venture Growth J. Robert Baum, Edwin A. Locke and Ken G. Smith Strategic Management of Small Firms in Hostile and Benign Environments Jeffrey G. Covin and Dennis P. Slevin Organizational Growth: Linking Founding Team, Strategy, Environment, and Growth among U.S. Semiconductor Ventures, Kathleen M. Eisenhardt and Claudia Bird Schoonhoven An Examination of the Influence of Industry Structure on Eight Alternative Measures of New Venture Performance for High Potential Independent New Ventures" Kenneth Charles Robinson 315

7 x contents 16. Business Planning 62. Does Business Planning Facilitate the Development of New Ventures? Frederic Dehnar and Scott Shane What do Investors Look for in a Business Plan? A Comparison of the Investment Criteria of Bankers, Venture Capitalists and Business Angels Colin Mason and Matthew Stark Institutional Forces and the Written Business Plan Benson Honig and Tomas Karlsson 3 84 VOLUME IV E. ENTREPRENEURIAL PROCESSES AND ACTIVITIES (Continued) 17. Finance and Financial Management 65. The Economics of Small Business Finance: The Roles of Private Equity and Debt Markets in the Financial Growth Cycle Allen N. Berger and Gregory F. Udell Competition, Small Business Financing, and Discrimination: Evidence from a New Survey Ken S. Cavalluzzo, Linda C. Cavalluzzo and John D. Wolken Patterns of Venture Capital Funding: Is Gender a Factor? Patricia G. Greene, Candida G. Brush, Myra M. Hart and Patrick Saparito Innovation and Regional Growth in Small High Technology Firms: Evidence from Britain and the USA R. P. Oakey Access to Finance by Ethnic Minority Businesses in the UK David Smallbone, Monder Ram, David Deakins and Robert Baldock Human Resource Management and Employment Relations 70. Managing Human Resources in Small Organizations: What Do We Know? Melissa S. Car don and Christopher E. Stevens Human Resource Management in Smaller Firms: A Contradiction in Terms? Susan Marlow A New Look at Job Satisfaction in the Small Firm James Curran and John Stanworth Regulation of Work in Small Firms: A View from the Inside Chris Moule What's so Special About Small Firms? Developing an Integrated Approach to Analysing Small Firm Industrial Relations Rowena Barrett and Al Rainnie 235

8 contents xi 75. Praising Caesar Not Burying Him: What We Know about Employment Relations in Small Firms Monder Ram and Paul Edwards Marketing and Marketing Strategies 76. The Evolution of Marketing in Small Firms David J. Carson An Investigation of Marketing Practice by Firm Size Nicole E. Coviello, Roderick J. Brodie and Hugh J. Munro Coping with the Market R. Scase andr. Goffee Collaboration and Performance in Foreign Markets: The Case of Young High-Technology Manufacturing Firms Rodney C. Shrader Networking and External Relations 80. The Contribution of Business Associations to SMEs: Strategy, Bundling or Reassurance? Robert J. Bennett and Mark Ramsden The Institutional Embeddedness of Local Inter-firm Networks: A Leverage for Business Creation Bengt Johannisson, Marcela Ramirez-Pasillas and Gbsta Karlsson The Role, Use and Activation of Strong and Weak Network Ties: A Qualitative Analysis Sarah L.Jack Social Structure and Competition in Interfirm Networks: The Paradox of Embeddedness Brian Uzzi 400 VOLUME V F. OUTCOMES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP 21. Contributions to the Economy 84. Capitalism and Democracy in the 21st Century: From the Managed to the Entrepreneurial Economy David B. Audretsch and A. Roy Thurik Entrepreneurship Capital and Economic Performance David B. Audretsch and Max Keilbach Entrepreneurship: Productive, Unproductive, and Destructive William J. Baumol Self-Employment Wealth and Job Creation: The Roles of Gender, Non-Pecuniary Motivation and Entrepreneurial Ability Andrew E. Burke, Felix R. FitzRoy and Michael A. Nolan Linking Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth Sander Wennekers and Roy Thurik 77

9 xii contents 22. Public Policy and State Intervention 89. What is Small Business Policy in the UK for? Evaluation and Assessing Small Business Policies James Curran Does More Mean Worse? Three Decades of Enterprise Policy in the Tees Valley Francis J. Greene, Kevin F. Mole and David J. Storey SME Policy, Academic Research and the Growth of Ignorance, Mythical Concepts, Myths, Assumptions, Rituals and Confusions Allan A. Gibb The Effect of Business Regulations on Nascent and Young Business Entrepreneurship Andre van Stel, David J. Storey and A. Roy Thurik Evaluating SME Policies and Programmes: Technical and Political Dimensions D. J. Storey Entrepreneurship Education 94. Opportunity Identification and Its Role in the Entrepreneurial Classroom: A Pedagogical Approach and Empirical Test Dawn R. Detienne and Gaylen N. Chandler The Theoretical Side of Teaching Entrepreneurship James 0. Fiet The Chronology and Intellectual Trajectory of American Entrepreneurship Education Jerome A. Katz A Process Model for Entrepreneurship Education and Development Claire M. Leitch and Richard T Harrison Towards a Conceptual Understanding of Entrepreneurial Learning David Rae and Mary Carswell Business Exit and Transfer 99. Redefining Business Success: Distinguishing between Closure and Failure Brian Headd Falling Forward: Real Options Reasoning and Entrepreneurial Failure Rita Gunther McGrath Learning the Hard Way: The Lessons of Owner-Managers Who Have Closed their Businesses David Stokes and Robert Blackburn 365