Chap 2.1&2 Political Beginnings

Transcription

1 Chap 2.1&2 Political Beginnings Landmark English Documents q Magna Carta (1215) q Petition of Right (1628) q English Bill of Rights (1688)

2 SECTION 2

3 Magna Carta 1215 Limited King s Absolute Power Granted Individual Rights

4 Petition of Right 1628 Refuted King s Divine Right of Absolute Power Established Rule of Law

5 English Bill of Rights 1688 Due Process of Law Trial by Jury Rights of Accused

6 Landmark English Documents 1628 Petition of Right Effectively Challenges Idea of Divine Right Theory. 1. Trial By Jury 2. Due Process of Law Rights Gained 4. No Cruel Punishment 5. No Excessive Bail or Fines 3. Private Property Protected 6. Right To Bear Arms 7. Right to Petition SECTION 6

7 Political Beginnings Landmark American Documents Mayflower Compact (1620) Declaration of Independence (1776) United States Constitution (1787)

8 Mayflower Compact 1620 First Governing Document of English Colonies Freedom of Religion

9 The Enlightenment The Age of Reason

10 SECTION 10

11 Thomas Hobbes 1651 Natural Rights Influenced Enlightenment Philosophers

12 John Lock 1690 Unalienable Rights Social Contract Theory

13 Jean-Jacques Rousseau 1743 Popular Sovereignty Republican form of government

14 Declaration of Independence 1776 Thomas Jefferson incorporated John Lock s ideas of Unalienable Rights

15 Events that led to the American Revolution British denial of basic rights to its citizens, the American Colonists - Intolerable Acts, Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party, and Stamp Act All these grievances let to - v Declaration of Independence inalienable rights, list of British wrongs, declaration of freedom Which led to v 1 st and 2 nd Continental Congress v American Revolution v Development of American Government

16 Basic Concepts of Government Ordered Government Limited Government Representative Government These ideas came with the English colonists, they were familiar with these ideas, as they had experienced them in England! SECTION 16

17 Ordered Government Colonists saw a need for an authority to help maintain orderly relationships between people, a need for government. Many of their offices of government are still with us, i.e. Sheriff, Justice of the Peace, Juries Tax Assessor Counties, Townships, etc. SECTION 17

18 Limited Government Governments are not all powerful Governments are only to do what society agrees it should do Governments may not restrict an individual s inalienable rights. SECTION 18

19 Representative Government Governments should serve the will of the people. Which Theory of the Creation of the State do these ideas exemplify? Social Contract Theory SECTION 19

20 United States Constitution 1787 Ordered Government Limited Government Representative Government

21 Principles of American Democracy Worth of the Individual Equality of All Persons Majority Rule Minority Rights Necessity of Compromise Individual Freedoms Every one is important but sometimes may have to do what society says not what they want Taxes Speed limits School Draft Not everyone is equal in condition. Have equal opportunity. Equal before the law Not discriminated by race, gender, religion, etc. Majority rule is basis of Democracy Minority Rights protected by the Bill of Rights so we do not become a tyranny. Individuals always want what is best for them. There are many sides of an issue. We must compromise to come to a workable solution. People should have their individual freedoms up to the point that they are disturbing someone else s rights

22 Landmark English Documents Where are these concepts found in the Constitution? 1628 Petition of Right Effectively Challenges Idea of Divine Right Theory. 1. Trial By Jury 2. Due Process of Law Rights Gained 4. No Cruel Punishment 5. No Excessive Bail or Fines 3. Private Property Protected 6. Right To Bear Arms 7. Right to Petition SECTION 22

23 Landmark English Documents Where are these concepts found in the Constitution? Trial by jury (6 th ) Due process of law (5 th ) Private property (5 th ) No cruel and unusual punishment (8 th ) No excessive bail (8 th ) Right to bear arms (2 nd ) Right to petition the government (1 st ) SECTION 23

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25 Magna Carta 1215

26 Petition of Right 1628

27 English Bill of Rights 1688

28 Mayflower Compact 1620

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30 Thomas Hobbes 1651

31 John Lock 1690

32 Jean-Jacques Rousseau 1743

33 Declaration of Independence 1776

34 United States Constitution 1787