What Are The Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS)? Eighth Grade. U.S. History to SAISD Social Studies Department

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1 What Are The Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS)? Eighth Grade U.S. History to 1877 SAISD Social Studies Department 406 Barrera Street San Antonio, Texas SAISD Social Studies Department Page 1

2 What Are The Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS)? What Are The TEKS? The Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (or TEKS for short) is a list of what you need to know and what you should be able to do by the time you finish a course in any subject area. If you went to any school in the state of Texas since Kindergarten, your teachers were provided with the TEKS for what they were teaching. Why Are They Important? It is important to know what the TEKS are so you know what is expected of you during the year. Also, since you are going to be assessed by a state exam (STAAR) this year, the TEKS let you know what information might be on the test. Where Can I Find Them? The TEKS are posted on the Texas Education Agency s website found at ritter.tea.state.tx.us/rules/tac/chapter113. You can also search for them on the internet by using U.S. History Since 1877 TEKS as your keywords. How Do I Read Them? At first glance, the TEKS for any subject look like an outline for a research paper. (3) History. The student understands the political, economic, and social changes in the United States from 1877 to The student is expected to: (A) analyze political issues such as Indian policies, the growth of political machines, civil service reform, and the beginnings of Populism; (B) analyze economic issues such as industrialization, the growth of railroads, the growth of labor unions, farm issues, the cattle industry boom, the rise of entrepreneurship, free enterprise, and the pros and cons of big business; (C) analyze social issues affecting women, minorities, children, immigrants, urbanization, the Social Gospel, and philanthropy of industrialists; and (D) describe the optimism of the many immigrants who sought a better life in America. How the TEKS look online They appear like that because they are part of the Texas Education Code (TEC) and the Texas Administrative Code (TAC). In other words, they are part of state law. SAISD Social Studies Department Page 2

3 What Are The Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS)? What Am I Looking At? When you look at the TEKS, they seem complicated at first. However, when you first look at anything new, you tend to look at different pieces before understanding the big picture. For example, when you are shown a picture, most will look at the different details before determining whether or not you like the picture as a whole. Understanding the TEKS and what you need to know by the end of the year is like the same thing. What Are The Parts Of The TEKS? Whether you are in science, social studies, math, language arts, band, or physical education, there are TEKS that outline what is to be taught. No matter which subject area, all TEKS have four basic parts. Part 1: The Strand The strand is a group of TEKS that have a common theme or concept that they share. In social studies, there are eight different strands that the TEKS are classified by: 1. History - The people, places, and events 2. Geography - How people affect the planet, how people affect people, and how the planet affects people 3. Economics - How people/governments create/lose wealth 4. Government - How different types of governments are created, how they operate, and how they change over time 5. Citizenship - How people in different societies participate in government 6. Culture - How different societies live and interact with other societies 7. Science, Technology and Society - How advancements in technology, science, and medicine affect societies 8. Social Studies Skills - How to develop research, reading, thinking, writing, and communication skills Part 2: The Knowledge Statement The knowledge statement is always the sentence that follows a number in the TEKS. The knowledge statement gives you the big idea or concept that has to be understood. Part 3: The Student Expectation The student expectation is the part of the TEKS that always follow a letter in the TEKS. The student expectation tells you exactly what you need to know as it relates to the knowledge statement. More importantly, student expectations are not just lists of stuff you have to memorize and repeat back. They tell you how much you have to understand something and how you are going to show how well you know it. SAISD Social Studies Department Page 3

4 What Are The Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS)? So What Do I Do? The important thing to remember when looking at the TEKS is understanding exactly what you need to know and how you can explain it back to someone else. Before going any further, lets take some time to break down a few of the TEKS for U.S. History for practice. Strand Knowledge Statement (3) History. The student understands the political, economic, and social changes in the United States from 1877 to The student is expected to: (A) analyze political issues such as Indian policies, the growth of political machines, civil service reform, and the beginnings of Populism; Student Expectations (B) analyze economic issues such as industrialization, the growth of railroads, the growth of labor unions, farm issues, the cattle industry boom, the rise of entrepreneurship, free enterprise, and the pros and cons of big business; (C) analyze social issues affecting women, minorities, children, immigrants, urbanization, the Social Gospel, and philanthropy of industrialists; and (D) describe the optimism of the many immigrants who sought a better life in America. So, in our example above, the student expectations (A-D) belong in the HISTORY strand. Therefore, we know that the student expectations have to do with people, places, and events from the past. Also, we read the stem and we then find out that the student expectations (A-D) have something to do with the political, economic, and social changes in the United States during the years Finally, we read the student expectations to find out what specific things we need to find out about and at what level do we need to understand them. SAISD Social Studies Department Page 4

5 What Are The Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS)? (3) History. The student understands the political, economic, and social changes in the United States from 1877 to The student is expected to: (A) analyze political issues such as Indian policies, the growth of political machines, civil service reform, and the beginnings of Populism; (B) analyze economic issues such as industrialization, the growth of railroads, the growth of labor unions, farm issues, the cattle industry boom, the rise of entrepreneurship, free enterprise, and the pros and cons of big business; (C) analyze social issues affecting women, minorities, children, immigrants, urbanization, the Social Gospel, and philanthropy of industrialists; and (D) describe the optimism of the many immigrants who sought a better life in America. To take a deeper look, let s take one student expectation and make a sentence out of it: (3) (A) The student is expected to analyze political issues such as Indian policies, the growth of political machines, civil service reform, and the beginnings of Populism. Now, break down the sentence into pieces: Students are expected to analyze the political issue of Indian Policies. Students are expected to analyze the political issue of the growth of political machines. Students are expected to analyze the political issue of civil service reform. Students are expected to analyze the political issue of the beginnings of Populism. Keep in mind that the four items listed above are things that were going on from (We know this from the Stem portion) Notice that the word analyze is underlined in each of the sentences above. Another important feature of the student expectations is the verb. All student expectations have verbs and the state uses different verbs throughout the TEKS. The verbs are clues to how much you know about a certain topic. Sometimes, the state expects you to identify (recall) something. Other times, the state wants you to analyze (examine what something means and understand why something is important) people, places, and events. Therefore, it is important to look at the entire sentence to find out not only the what you need to know but also the skills you need to show. SAISD Social Studies Department Page 5

6 What Are The Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS)? Returning to Breaking It Down Now we have examined one single student expectation, lets go back to it one more time to string together what we need to do. The student is expected to analyze political issues such as Indian policies, the growth of political machines, civil service reform, and the beginnings of Populism. Now that we have defined what we have to know, we have to investigate political issues during the years between 1877 and 1898 and: Define political machines, Indian policies, growth of political machines, civil service reform, and the beginnings of Populism. Explain how political machines, Indian policies, growth of political machines, civil service reform, and the beginnings of Populism were political issues during 1877 through Analyze how political machines, Indian policies, growth of political machines, civil service reform, and the beginnings of Populism affected people and events politically during 1877 through We have just examined one student expectation out of the 130 student expectations in U.S. History Since Putting All The Pieces Together: If you examine the chart on Page 10, you will see the people, places, events and concepts that are covered in your TEKS. It seems overwhelming in the beginning to look at all of the student expectations and trying to figure out how all of this information will stay in your memory. However, when examining the student expectations, you will begin to notice patterns of how things are connected together! SAISD Social Studies Department Page 6

7 What Are The Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS)? The TEKS is not only about people, places, and events from the past. The TEKS are also about developing your skills to think as a historian, economist, geographer, and political scientist. The Social Studies Skills are a series of student expectations that are listed at the end of every subject and grade level since Kindergarten. The reason they exist is because we want you to develop and use your critical- thinking skills. You should also be able to use a variety of primary and secondary source material to explain and apply different methods that historians use to understand and interpret the past, including multiple points of view and historical context. Basically, the state and your teachers want you to become a researcher and reporter of the past and present. The way to accomplish this is to use a variety of rich primary and secondary source material such as biographies, autobiographies, landmark cases of the U.S. Supreme Court, novels, speeches, letters, diaries, poetry, songs, and artworks during the year. When it comes to assessing your skills on STAAR, in the 8th and 11th grades, it is expected that you can analyze a visual and draw a historical conclusion based on that visual. Look at the examples below to find out how visuals can make a question more difficult: Example 1 President Franklin D. Roosevelt s goal concerning the Supreme Court was to A) increase ethnic and racial diversity B) insure support for New Deal legislation C) appoint justices who would use a strict interpretation of the Constitution D) strengthen judicial independence Example 2 QUALIFYING TEST FOR SUPREME COURT JOBS According to the opinion of the cartoonist - A) President Roosevelt was looking to increase his power over the Supreme Court. B) the Supreme Court at that time needed to go along with the New Deal policies. C) the Supreme Court was not following the Constitution. D) President Roosevelt was agreeing with the justices of the Supreme Court. Source: Edward S. Brown, New York Herald Tribune, February 12, 1937 (adapted) During your studies, you will be shown how to analyze visuals, speeches, and other types of documents so you can explain what they mean by using your skills! SAISD Social Studies Department Page 7

8 What Are The Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS)? The chart below and on the next page show you the verbs used in the TEKS for social studies. When you are looking at a student expectation and are not sure how much of something you need to know, refer to this list. Word Acquire Analyze Aspect Bias Categorizing Cause and Effect Comparing and Contrasting Consequences Corroboration Decision-Making Drawing Conclusions Drawing Inferences Frame of Reference Geographic Distributions Geographic Patterns Historical Context Historiography Identify Implement Inquiry Interpret Main Idea Making Generalizations Dictionary Definition(s) to gain for oneself through one's actions or efforts: to acquire learning. to examine carefully and in detail so as to identify causes, key factors, possible results, etc. part or a piece prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair. to arrange in categories or classes; classify to understand why events happen and what happens because of events to examine (two or more objects, ideas, people, etc.) in order to note similarities and differences a result or effect of an action or condition evidence that confirms or supports a statement, theory, or finding; confirmation the process of examining a situation, weighing the options, and making a choice to frame or formulate a conclusion based on information presented to examine the evidence and come to a final idea/picture to examine evidence carefully and then judge or draw a conclusion based on the evidence making judgements in relation to personal ideals or values how things are distributed over space (especially over the surface of the Earth) a repetition in distributions over space (especially over the surface of the Earth) the political, social, cultural, and economic environment related to historical moments, events, and trends the study of historical writing to recognize or establish as being a particular person or thing to put into action or to include as part of an action the act of asking for information explain the meaning of what something is about to make broad statements based on either facts or presented evidence SAISD Social Studies Department Page 8

9 What Are The Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS)? Word Point of View Predict Primary Source Problem-Solving Secondary Source Sequencing Statistical Summarizing Terminology Thematic Map Validity Dictionary Definition(s) a particular attitude or way of considering a matter to make statements about future events based on patterns or presented evidence an artifact, a document, a recording, or other source of information that was created at the time under study. It serves as an original source of information about the topic. the process of finding solutions to difficult or complex issues any source about an event, period, or issue in history that was produced after that event, period or issue has passed. to place things in chronological order practice of collecting and analyzing numerical data in large quantities give a brief statement of the main points the body of words used with a particular subject of study (language of the profession) type of map or chart especially designed to show a particular theme connected with a specific geographic area to be factually sound Information adapted from: and en.wiktionary.org SAISD Social Studies Department Page 9

10 Big Picture - Eighth Grade People Events Documents Concepts Vocabulary Abigail Adams John Adams Wentworth Cheswell Samuel Adams Mercy Otis Warren James Armistead Benjamin Franklin Bernardo de Galvez John Paul Jones Crispus Attucks King George III Haym Salomon Marquis de Lafayette Thomas Paine George Washington John Quincy Adams John C. Calhoun Henry Clay Daniel Webster Jefferson Davis Ulysses S. Grant Robert E. Lee Abraham Lincoln Alexander Hamilton Patrick Henry James Madison James Monroe George Mason Thomas Hooker Charles de Montesquieu John Locke William Blackstone William Penn John Marshall Frederick Douglass John Paul Jones James Monroe Stonewall Jackson Henry David Thoreau Susan B. Anthony Elizabeth Cady Stanton John James Audubon Hudson River School Artists Daniel Webster Hiram Rhodes Revels William Carney Philip Bazaar Virginia House of Burgesses French and Indian War First Great Awakening Battles of Lexington, Concord, Saratoga, and Yorktown Judiciary Act of 1802 Boston Tea Party Valley Forge Philadelphia Convention Great Compromise 3/5 Compromise Shays Rebellion Whiskey Rebellion War of 1812 Trail of Tears Nullification Crisis Seneca Falls Convention U.S.-Mexican War Louisiana Purchase Gadsden Purchase Mexican Cession Bleeding Kansas Election of 1860 Fort Sumter Battle of Antietam Battle of Gettysburg Battle of Vicksburg Lee s Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse Assassination of Lincoln Nullification Crisis Radical Reconstruction Indian Wars Transcontinental Railroad Dates Cases Marbury v. Madison McCulloch v. Maryland Gibbons v. Ogden Worcester v. Georgia Dred Scott v. Sandford Magna Carta English Bill of Rights Mayflower Compact Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Proclamation of 1763 Treaty of Paris 1783 Intolerable Acts Stamp Act Articles of Confederation Northwest Ordinance U.S. Constitution Bill of Rights Washington s Farewell Address Kentucky and Virginia Resolution Alien and Sedition Act Monroe Doctrine Indian Removal Act Force Bill Emancipation Proclamation Missouri Compromise 1820 and 1850 Kansas Nebraska Act Fugitive Slave Act Lincoln First/Second Inaugural Address Gettysburg Address Jefferson Davis Inaugural Address Federalist Papers Anti-Federalist Papers 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments Homestead Act Dawes Act Morrill Act Adam-Onis Treaty Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Battle Hymn of the Republic Skills Point of view/bias/ Frame of Reference Sequence of Events Compare and Contrast Identify Cause and Effect Finding the main idea Summarize, generalize, predict Draw inferences and conclusions Organize and interpret information Absolute Chronology Relative Chronology Economic Systems Modify Environment Physical and Human Characteristics Physical Geographic Factors Human Geographic Factors Immigrate/Migrate/ Emigrate Exploration Representative Government Economy Era/Historical Context Self-government Nullification/Nullify Unconstitutional Conflict/Compromise Manifest Destiny Sectionalism Expansionism Nationalism Foreign Policy Domestic Policy Industrialization Urbanization Principles Amendment Process States Rights Constitutional Republic Democracy Abolitionist Reform Movements Immigration Religious Freedom Transcendentalism Civil Disobedience Judicial Review Free Enterprise system Civic Virtue Liberty Innovation Civil Rights/Equal Rights Interstate/Intrastate Eras Colonization Revolution & Declaration of Independence Creating and Ratifying the Constitution Religious Revivals Early Republic Age of Jackson, Westward Expansion Reform Movements Sectionalism Civil War Reconstruction Parliament Grievance Plantation System Protective Tariffs Taxation Mercantilism Suffrage Sectionalism Transatlantic Slave Trade/Barter Unalienable Rights Political Parties Interchangeable Parts Cotton Gin Steamboat Executive Branch Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Education Reform Temperance Secession/Secede Emancipation Union Republicanism, Limited Government, Checks and Balances, Federalism, Separation of Powers, Popular sovereignty, and Individual Rights Ratification Monarchy National Security Isolationalism Neutrality Naturalization Elastic Clause Necessary and Proper Clause Prohibition Cottage/Factory System Manufacturing Annexation Assembly Petition/Protest Impressment Founding Father Delegated Powers Reserved Powers Concurrent Powers Enumerated Powers Strict/Loose Constructionist SAISD Social Studies Department Page 10

11 Eighth Grade Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (1) In Grade 8, students study the history of the United States from the early colonial period through Reconstruction. The knowledge and skills in subsection (b) of this section comprise the first part of a twoyear study of U.S. history. The second part, comprising U.S. history from Reconstruction to the present, is provided in of this title (relating to United States History Studies Since 1877 (One Credit), Beginning with School Year ). The content in Grade 8 builds upon that from Grade 5 but provides more depth and breadth. Historical content focuses on the political, economic, religious, and social events and issues related to the colonial and revolutionary eras, the creation and ratification of the U.S. Constitution, challenges of the early republic, the Age of Jackson, westward expansion, sectionalism, Civil War, and Reconstruction. Students describe the physical characteristics of the United States and their impact on population distribution and settlement patterns in the past and present. Students analyze the various economic factors that influenced the development of colonial America and the early years of the republic and identify the origins of the free enterprise system. Students examine the American beliefs and principles, including limited government, checks and balances, federalism, separation of powers, and individual rights, reflected in the U.S. Constitution and other historical documents. Students evaluate the impact of Supreme Court cases and major reform movements of the 19th century and examine the rights and responsibilities of citizens of the United States as well as the importance of effective leadership in a constitutional republic. Students evaluate the impact of scientific discoveries and technological innovations on the development of the United States. Students use critical-thinking skills, including the identification of bias in written, oral, and visual material. (2) To support the teaching of the essential knowledge and skills, the use of a variety of rich primary and secondary source material such as the complete text of the U.S. Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, landmark cases of the U.S. Supreme Court, biographies, autobiographies, novels, speeches, letters, diaries, poetry, songs, and artworks is encouraged. Motivating resources are available from museums, historical sites, presidential libraries, and local and state preservation societies. Introduction (3) The eight strands of the essential knowledge and skills for social studies are intended to be integrated for instructional purposes. Skills listed in the social studies skills strand in subsection (b) of this section should be incorporated into the teaching of all essential knowledge and skills for social studies. A greater depth of understanding of complex content material can be attained when integrated social studies content from the various disciplines and critical-thinking skills are taught together. Statements that contain the word "including" reference content that must be mastered, while those containing the phrase "such as" are intended as possible illustrative examples. (4) Students identify the role of the U.S. free enterprise system within the parameters of this course and understand that this system may also be referenced as capitalism or the free market system. (5) Throughout social studies in Kindergarten-Grade 12, students build a foundation in history; geography; economics; government; citizenship; culture; science, technology, and society; and social studies skills. The content, as appropriate for the grade level or course, enables students to understand the importance of patriotism, function in a free enterprise society, and appreciate the basic democratic values of our state and nation as referenced in the Texas Education Code (TEC), (h). (6) Students understand that a constitutional republic is a representative form of government whose representatives derive their authority from the consent of the governed, serve for an established tenure, and are sworn to uphold the constitution. (7) State and federal laws mandate a variety of celebrations and observances, including Celebrate Freedom Week. (A) Each social studies class shall include, during Celebrate Freedom Week as provided under the TEC, , or during another full school week as determined by the board of trustees of a school district, appropriate instruction concerning the intent, meaning, and importance of the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution, including the Bill of Rights, in their historical contexts. The study of the Declaration of Independence must include the study of the relationship of the ideas expressed in that document to subsequent American history, including the relationship of its ideas to the rich diversity of our people as a nation of immigrants, the American Revolution, the formulation of the U.S. Constitution, and the abolitionist movement, which led to the Emancipation Proclamation and the women's suffrage movement. SAISD Social Studies Department Page 11

12 Eighth Grade Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills Introduction (B) Each school district shall require that, during Celebrate Freedom Week or other week of instruction prescribed under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph, students in Grades 3-12 study and recite the following text: "We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness--That to secure these Rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just Powers from the Consent of the Governed." (8) Students identify and discuss how the actions of U.S. citizens and the local, state, and federal governments have either met or failed to meet the ideals espoused in the founding documents. HISTORY TEKS 8.1a 8.1b 8.1c 8.2a 8.2b 8.3a 8.3b 8.3c 8.4a 8.4b 8.4c 8.4d 8.4e 8.5a 8.5b 8.5c 8.5d Description The student understands traditional historical points of reference in U.S. history through The student is expected to identify the major eras and events in U.S. history through 1877, including colonization, revolution, drafting of the Declaration of Independence, creation and ratification of the Constitution, religious revivals such as the Second Great Awakening, early republic, the Age of Jackson, westward expansion, reform movements, sectionalism, Civil War, and Reconstruction, and describe their causes and effects. The student understands traditional historical points of reference in U.S. history through The student is expected to apply absolute and relative chronology through the sequencing of significant individuals, events, and time periods The student understands traditional historical points of reference in U.S. history through The student is expected to explain the significance of the following dates: 1607, founding of Jamestown; 1620, arrival of the Pilgrims and signing of the Mayflower Compact; 1776, adoption of the Declaration of Independence; 1787, writing of the U.S. Constitution; 1803, Louisiana Purchase; and , Civil War. The student understands the causes of exploration and colonization eras. The student is expected to identify reasons for European exploration and colonization of North America. The student understands the causes of exploration and colonization eras. The student is expected to compare political, economic, religious, and social reasons for the establishment of the 13 English colonies. The student understands the foundations of representative government in the United States. The student is expected to explain the reasons for the growth of representative government and institutions during the colonial period. The student understands the foundations of representative government in the United States. The student is expected to analyze the importance of the Mayflower Compact, the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, and the Virginia House of Burgesses to the growth of representative government. The student understands the foundations of representative government in the United States. The student is expected to describe how religion and virtue contributed to the growth of representative government in the American colonies. The student understands significant political and economic issues of the revolutionary era. The student is expected to analyze causes of the American Revolution, including the Proclamation of 1763, the Intolerable Acts, the Stamp Act, mercantilism, lack of representation in Parliament, and British economic policies following the French and Indian War. The student understands significant political and economic issues of the revolutionary era. The student is expected to explain the roles played by significant individuals during the American Revolution, including Abigail Adams, John Adams, Wentworth Cheswell, Samuel Adams, Mercy Otis Warren, James Armistead, Benjamin Franklin, Bernardo de Gálvez, Crispus Attucks, King George III, Haym Salomon, Patrick Henry, Thomas Jefferson, the Marquis de Lafayette, Thomas Paine, and George Washington. The student understands significant political and economic issues of the revolutionary era. The student is expected to explain the issues surrounding important events of the American Revolution, including declaring independence; writing the Articles of Confederation; fighting the battles of Lexington, Concord, Saratoga, and Yorktown; enduring the winter at Valley Forge; and signing the Treaty of Paris of The student understands significant political and economic issues of the revolutionary era. The student is expected to analyze the issues of the Constitutional Convention of 1787, including the Great Compromise and the Three-Fifths Compromise. The student understands significant political and economic issues of the revolutionary era. The student is expected to analyze the arguments for and against ratification. The student understands the challenges confronted by the government and its leaders in the early years of the republic and the Age of Jackson. The student is expected to describe major domestic problems faced by the leaders of the new republic such as maintaining national security, building a military, creating a stable economic system, setting up the court system, and defining the authority of the central government. The student understands the challenges confronted by the government and its leaders in the early years of the republic and the Age of Jackson. The student is expected to summarize arguments regarding protective tariffs, taxation, and the banking system. The student understands the challenges confronted by the government and its leaders in the early years of the republic and the Age of Jackson. The student is expected to explain the origin and development of American political parties. The student understands the challenges confronted by the government and its leaders in the early years of the republic and the Age of Jackson. The student is expected to explain the causes, important events, and effects of the War of SAISD Social Studies Department Page 12

13 HISTORY GEOGRAPHY TEKS 8.5e 8.5f 8.5g 8.6a 8.6b 8.6c 8.6d 8.6e 8.7a 8.7b 8.7c 8.7d 8.8a 8.8b 8.8c 8.9a 8.9b 8.9c 8.9d 8.10a 8.10b 8.10c Description The student understands the challenges confronted by the government and its leaders in the early years of the republic and the Age of Jackson. The student is expected to identify the foreign policies of presidents Washington through Monroe and explain the impact of Washington's Farewell Address and the Monroe Doctrine. The student understands the challenges confronted by the government and its leaders in the early years of the republic and the Age of Jackson. The student is expected to explain the impact of the election of Andrew Jackson, including expanded suffrage. The student understands the challenges confronted by the government and its leaders in the early years of the republic and the Age of Jackson. The student is expected to analyze the reasons for the removal and resettlement of Cherokee Indians during the Jacksonian era, including the Indian Removal Act, Worcester v. Georgia, and the Trail of Tears. The student understands westward expansion and its effects on the political, economic, and social development of the nation. The student is expected to explain how the Northwest Ordinance established principles and procedures for orderly expansion of the United States. The student understands westward expansion and its effects on the political, economic, and social development of the nation. The student is expected to explain the political, economic, and social roots of Manifest Destiny. The student understands westward expansion and its effects on the political, economic, and social development of the nation. The student is expected to analyze the relationship between the concept of Manifest Destiny and the westward growth of the nation. The student understands westward expansion and its effects on the political, economic, and social development of the nation. The student is expected to explain the causes and effects of the U.S.-Mexican War and their impact on the United States. The student understands westward expansion and its effects on the political, economic, and social development of the nation. The student is expected to identify areas that were acquired to form the United States, including the Louisiana Purchase. The student understands how political, economic, and social factors led to the growth of sectionalism and the Civil War. The student is expected to analyze the impact of tariff policies on sections of the United States before the Civil War. The student understands how political, economic, and social factors led to the growth of sectionalism and the Civil War. The student is expected to compare the effects of political, economic, and social factors on slaves and free blacks. The student understands how political, economic, and social factors led to the growth of sectionalism and the Civil War. The student is expected to analyze the impact of slavery on different sections of the United States. The student understands how political, economic, and social factors led to the growth of sectionalism and the Civil War. The student is expected to identify the provisions and compare the effects of congressional conflicts and compromises prior to the Civil War, including the roles of John Quincy Adams, John C. Calhoun, Henry Clay, and Daniel Webster. The student understands individuals, issues, and events of the Civil War. The student is expected to explain the roles played by significant individuals during the Civil War, including Jefferson Davis, Ulysses S. Grant, Robert E. Lee, and Abraham Lincoln, and heroes such as congressional Medal of Honor recipients William Carney and Philip Bazaar. The student understands individuals, issues, and events of the Civil War. The student is expected to explain the causes of the Civil War, including sectionalism, states' rights, and slavery, and significant events of the Civil War, including the firing on Fort Sumter; the battles of Antietam, Gettysburg, and Vicksburg; the announcement of the Emancipation Proclamation; Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House; and the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. The student understands individuals, issues, and events of the Civil War. The student is expected to analyze Abraham Lincoln's ideas about liberty, equality, union, and government as contained in his first and second inaugural addresses and the Gettysburg Address and contrast them with the ideas contained in Jefferson Davis's inaugural address. The student understands the effects of Reconstruction on the political, economic, and social life of the nation. The student is expected to evaluate legislative reform programs of the Radical Reconstruction Congress and reconstructed state governments. The student understands the effects of Reconstruction on the political, economic, and social life of the nation. The student is expected to evaluate the impact of the election of Hiram Rhodes Revels. The student understands the effects of Reconstruction on the political, economic, and social life of the nation. The student is expected to explain the economic, political, and social problems during Reconstruction and evaluate their impact on different groups. The student understands the effects of Reconstruction on the political, economic, and social life of the nation. The student is expected to identify the effects of legislative acts such as the Homestead Act, the Dawes Act, and the Morrill Act. The student understands the location and characteristics of places and regions of the United States, past and present. The student is expected to locate places and regions of importance in the United States during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. The student understands the location and characteristics of places and regions of the United States, past and present. The student is expected to compare places and regions of the United States in terms of physical and human characteristics. The student understands the location and characteristics of places and regions of the United States, past and present. The student is expected to analyze the effects of physical and human geographic factors on major historical and contemporary events in the United States. SAISD Social Studies Department Page 13

14 GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS GOVERNMENT TEKS 8.11a 8.11b 8.11c 8.12a 8.12b 8.12c 8.12d 8.13a 8.13b 8.14a 8.14b 8.15a 8.15b 8.15c 8.15d 8.16a 8.16b 8.17a 8.17b 8.18a 8.18b 8.18c Description The student understands the physical characteristics of North America and how humans adapted to and modified the environment through the mid-19th century. The student is expected to analyze how physical characteristics of the environment influenced population distribution, settlement patterns, and economic activities in the United States during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. The student understands the physical characteristics of North America and how humans adapted to and modified the environment through the mid-19th century. The student is expected to describe the positive and negative consequences of human modification of the physical environment of the United States. The student understands the physical characteristics of North America and how humans adapted to and modified the environment through the mid-19th century. The student is expected to describe how different immigrant groups interacted with the environment in the United States during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. The student understands why various sections of the United States developed different patterns of economic activity. The student is expected to identify economic differences among different regions of the United States. The student understands why various sections of the United States developed different patterns of economic activity. The student is expected to explain reasons for the development of the plantation system, the transatlantic slave trade, and the spread of slavery The student understands why various sections of the United States developed different patterns of economic activity. The student is expected to explain the reasons for the increase in factories and urbanization. The student understands why various sections of the United States developed different patterns of economic activity. The student is expected to analyze the causes and effects of economic differences among different regions of the United States at selected times in U.S. history. The student understands how various economic forces resulted in the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century. The student is expected to analyze the War of 1812 as a cause of economic changes in the nation The student understands how various economic forces resulted in the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century. The student is expected to identify the economic factors that brought about rapid industrialization and urbanization. The student understands the origins and development of the free enterprise system in the United States. The student is expected to explain why a free enterprise system of economics developed in the new nation, including minimal government intrusion, taxation, and property rights. The student understands the origins and development of the free enterprise system in the United States. The student is expected to describe the characteristics and the benefits of the U.S. free enterprise system during the 18th and 19th centuries. The student understands the American beliefs and principles reflected in the Declaration of Independence, the U.S. Constitution, and other important historic documents. The student is expected to identify the influence of ideas from historic documents, including the Magna Carta, the English Bill of Rights, the Mayflower Compact, the Federalist Papers, and selected Anti-Federalist writings, on the U.S. system of government. The student understands the American beliefs and principles reflected in the Declaration of Independence, the U.S. Constitution, and other important historic documents. The student is expected to summarize the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. The student understands the American beliefs and principles reflected in the Declaration of Independence, the U.S. Constitution, and other important historic documents. The student is expected to identify colonial grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence and explain how those grievances were addressed in the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights. The student understands the American beliefs and principles reflected in the Declaration of Independence, the U.S. Constitution, and other important historic documents. The student is expected to analyze how the U.S. Constitution reflects the principles of limited government, republicanism, checks and balances, federalism, separation of powers, popular sovereignty, and individual rights. The student understands the process of changing the U.S. Constitution and the impact of amendments on American society. The student is expected to summarize the purposes for and process of amending the U.S. Constitution. The student understands the process of changing the U.S. Constitution and the impact of amendments on American society. The student is expected to describe the impact of 19th-century amendments, including the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments, on life in the United States. The student understands the dynamic nature of the powers of the national government and state governments in a federal system. The student is expected to analyze the arguments of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists, including those of Alexander Hamilton, Patrick Henry, James Madison, and George Mason. The student understands the dynamic nature of the powers of the national government and state governments in a federal system. The student is expected to explain constitutional issues arising over the issue of states' rights, including the Nullification Crisis and the Civil War. The student understands the impact of landmark Supreme Court cases. The student is expected to identify the origin of judicial review and analyze examples of congressional and presidential responses. The student understands the impact of landmark Supreme Court cases. The student is expected to summarize the issues, decisions, and significance of landmark Supreme Court cases, including Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, and Gibbons v. Ogden. The student understands the impact of landmark Supreme Court cases. The student is expected to evaluate the impact of selected landmark Supreme Court decisions, including Dred Scott v. Sandford, on life in the United States. SAISD Social Studies Department Page 14

15 CITIZENSHIP CULTURE TEKS 8.19a 8.19b 8.19c 8.19d 8.19e 8.19f 8.20a 8.20b 8.20c 8.21a 8.21b 8.21c 8.22a 8.22b 8.23a 8.23b 8.23c 8.23d 8.23e 8.24a 8.24b 8.25a 8.25b 8.25c 8.26a Description The student understands the rights and responsibilities of citizens of the United States. The student is expected to define and give examples of unalienable rights. The student understands the rights and responsibilities of citizens of the United States. The student is expected to summarize rights guaranteed in the Bill of Rights. The student understands the rights and responsibilities of citizens of the United States. The student is expected to explain the importance of personal responsibilities, including accepting responsibility for one's behavior and supporting one's family. The student understands the rights and responsibilities of citizens of the United States. The student is expected to identify examples of responsible citizenship, including obeying rules and laws, staying informed on public issues, voting, and serving on juries. The student understands the rights and responsibilities of citizens of the United States. The student is expected to summarize the criteria and explain the process for becoming a naturalized citizen of the United States. The student understands the rights and responsibilities of citizens of the United States. The student is expected to explain how the rights and responsibilities of U.S. citizens reflect our national identity. The student understands the importance of voluntary individual participation in the democratic process. The student is expected to explain the role of significant individuals such as Thomas Hooker, Charles de Montesquieu, John Locke, William Blackstone, and William Penn in the development of self-government in colonial America. The student understands the importance of voluntary individual participation in the democratic process. The student is expected to evaluate the contributions of the Founding Fathers as models of civic virtue. The student understands the importance of voluntary individual participation in the democratic process. The student is expected to analyze reasons for and the impact of selected examples of civil disobedience in U.S. history such as the Boston Tea Party and Henry David Thoreau's refusal to pay a tax. The student understands the importance of the expression of different points of view in a constitutional republic. The student is expected to identify different points of view of political parties and interest groups on important historical and contemporary issues. The student understands the importance of the expression of different points of view in a constitutional republic. The student is expected to describe the importance of free speech and press in a constitutional republic. The student understands the importance of the expression of different points of view in a constitutional republic. The student is expected to summarize a historical event in which compromise resulted in a peaceful resolution. The student understands the importance of effective leadership in a constitutional republic. The student is expected to analyze the leadership qualities of elected and appointed leaders of the United States such as George Washington, John Marshall, and Abraham Lincoln. The student understands the importance of effective leadership in a constitutional republic. The student is expected to describe the contributions of significant political, social, and military leaders of the United States such as Frederick Douglass, John Paul Jones, James Monroe, Stonewall Jackson, Susan B. Anthony, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. The student understands the relationships between and among people from various groups, including racial, ethnic, and religious groups, during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. The student is expected to identify selected racial, ethnic, and religious groups that settled in the United States and explain their reasons for immigration. The student understands the relationships between and among people from various groups, including racial, ethnic, and religious groups, during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. The student is expected to explain the relationship between urbanization and conflicts resulting from differences in religion, social class, and political beliefs. The student understands the relationships between and among people from various groups, including racial, ethnic, and religious groups, during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. The student is expected to identify ways conflicts between people from various racial, ethnic, and religious groups were resolved. The student understands the relationships between and among people from various groups, including racial, ethnic, and religious groups, during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. The student is expected to analyze the contributions of people of various racial, ethnic, and religious groups to our national identity. The student understands the relationships between and among people from various groups, including racial, ethnic, and religious groups, during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. The student is expected to identify the political, social, and economic contributions of women to American society. The student understands the major reform movements of the 19th century. The student is expected to describe the historical development of the abolitionist movement. The student understands the major reform movements of the 19th century. The student is expected to evaluate the impact of reform movements, including educational reform, temperance, the women's rights movement, prison reform, abolition, the labor reform movement, and care of the disabled. The student understands the impact of religion on the American way of life. The student is expected to trace the development of religious freedom in the United States. The student understands the impact of religion on the American way of life. The student is expected to describe religious motivation for immigration and influence on social movements, including the impact of the first and second Great Awakenings. The student understands the impact of religion on the American way of life. The student is expected to analyze the impact of the First Amendment guarantees of religious freedom on the American way of life. The student understands the relationship between the arts and the times during which they were created. The student is expected to describe developments in art, music, and literature that are unique to American culture such as the Hudson River School artists, John James Audubon, "Battle Hymn of the Republic," transcendentalism, and other cultural activities in the history of the United States. SAISD Social Studies Department Page 15