UNIT 8 (Periods 8-9) Reading Guide. Chapter 35: The Cold War Begins

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1 Name: Period: UNIT 8 (Periods 8-9) Reading Guide Yalta: Bargain or Betrayal? Know: Yalta, Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek) 1. What was decided at Yalta? Chapter 35: The Cold War Begins 2. Why was the Yalta conference controversial in the decade following it? The United States and the Soviet Union Know: Communism, Capitalism, sphere of influence 3. What led to the Cold War between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R.? (be specific) Shaping the Postwar World Know: International Monetary Fund; World Bank; Security Council & the United Nations; World Health Organization 4. How did international organizations established after WWII hope to combat worldwide problems? The Problem of Germany Know: Nuremberg, Big Four, Iron Curtain, Berlin Airlift 5. What problems between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R were caused by the division of Germany at the end of WWII?

2 A Cold War Deepens Know: Containment, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan 6. Describe the policies followed by Truman in relation to the Soviets. America Begins to Rearm Know: National Security Act, National Security Council, Voice of America, North Atlantic Treaty Organization 7. Define the role of the organizations set up to deal with the Soviet Union. A. CIA B. NATO Reconstruction and Revolution in Asia Know: Douglas MacArthur, Chiang Kai-shek, Mao Zedong, H-bomb 8. Our WWII ally China gave us more trouble in the post war years than our enemy Japan. Explain. The Korean Volcano Erupts Know: 38th Parallel, NSC What was the impact of the Korean War on the Cold War? The Cold War Home Front Know: Committee on Un-American Activities, Alger Hiss, Joseph R. McCarthy, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, Dennis v United States (1951) 10. What tactics were used by the government to prevent communist infiltration? 11. Joseph McCarthy may have been more dangerous to our form of government than any communists who might have been in the country. Explain

3 Postwar Economic Anxieties Know: Taft-Hartley Act, Closed Shop, GI Bill, Operation Dixie 12. Describe the downs and ups of the economy in the years following WWII. 13. Discuss the plights of organized labor at this point in history. Democratic Divisions in 1948 Know: Dixiecrats, Henry Wallace, Fair Deal 14. How successful was Truman in passing his domestic program? The Long Economic Boom, Describe the boom of this time and how women specifically benefited. The Roots of Postwar Prosperity 16. What evidence can you cite that shows the years were good years economically? The Smiling Sunbelt Know: Benjamin Spock, Sun/Frost/Rust belts 17. How did the population shift in the years after the war? The Rush to the Suburbs & Makers of America: The Suburbanites Know: Veterans Administration, Levittown, White Flight 18. Was the shift to the suburbs good for America? Explain. The Postwar Baby Boom Know: Baby Boom 19. How did the bulge in population caused by the Baby Boom change American life over the decades?

4 Big Picture Question: Chap 35. Please outline your response to the question in the space provided. Provide a thesis that answers the question(s) in a sentence or two. Underneath the thesis write out supporting details using a bullet list or outline format. You do not need to write paragraphs or full sentences, but what you write should represent complete thoughts. Use phrases and brief explanations. A list of single words or terms is insufficient to represent a complete thought. Include within your supporting arguments specific terms, people, or events and a brief reason why these support your thoughts. Describe the economic, cultural, and social characteristics of the United States after World War II. Consider such things as: the post-wwii economic boom, postwar migrations to the Sunbelt and the suburbs, and cultural changes, the McCarthy era, growing tensions with the Soviet Union, and the arms race..

5 Chapter 36: American Zenith ( ) Affluence and Its Anxieties Know: IBM, Information Age, cult of domesticity, The Feminine Mystique 1. How did work change in the post war United States? 2. Discuss the contrasting views of what life was like for women in the 1950's. Consumer Culture in the Fifties 3. Describe the consumer culture of the 1950 s. 4. How was popular culture changing and reflecting America? Be sure to list examples The Advent of Eisenhower 5. Summarize the results of the Korean War Desegregating American Society Know: Jackie Robinson, NAACP, Rosa Parks, Montgomery Bus Boycott 6. What gains had been made in the struggle for Civil rights prior to the 1950 s? Seeds of the Civil Rights Revolution Know: Earl Warren, Brown v. Board of Education, Little Rock Central High School, Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SLCC), Sit-ins, Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), 7. Why was Brown v. Board of Education a landmark case? 8. What groups came about during this time that were fighting for civil rights?

6 9. What strategies were utilized to combat racial discrimination? Makers of America: The Great African American Migration 10. Describe the reasons for and impact of the migration of African Americans post WWII. Eisenhower Republicanism at Home Know: Operation Wetback, Federal Highway Act 11. What domestic programs were tackled by Eisenhower? How? A New Look in Foreign Policy Know: Massive Retaliation 12. Was Eisenhower's and Dulles s policy of massive retaliation effective? Explain. The Vietnam Nightmare 13. Why and how did the United States get involved in Vietnam? Cold War Crises in the Middle East Know: Shah of Iran, the Suez Crisis, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Country (OPEC) 14. Why was the U.S. concerned about problems in the Middle East and what did they do? Round Two for "Ike" Know: AFL-CIO, NASA 15. What labor problems became evident during Eisenhower's second term?

7 16. What was the impact of Sputnik on the U.S.? The Continuing Cold War Know: Khrushchev, U-2 Spy Plane, Fidel Castro 17. Describe efforts at disarmament during the Eisenhower administration. 18. Why was revolution in Cuba such a concern to America? Kennedy Challenges Nixon for the Presidency Know: Kitchen Debate, New Frontier, military-industrial complex 19. What role did TV and religion play in the 1960 election? A Cultural Renaissance Know: Arthur Miller, Catcher in the Rye, George Orwell 20. What do the books and plays of the post-war period say about the times in which they were produced? List some specific examples. New Cultural Voices 21. What groups gained prominence during this time? Kennedy's "New Frontier" Spirit Know: Peace Corps, Apollo mission 22. What was new about the New Frontier? 23. Assess the effectiveness of New Frontier domestic policies.

8 Foreign Flare-ups and "Flexible Response" Know: Berlin Wall, Flexible Response 24. Why did Kennedy believe that a policy of flexible response could better meet the foreign problems of the 1960s? 25. Why was it difficult to use flexible response to deal with the situation in South Vietnam? Cuban Confrontations Know: Alliance for Progress, Bay of Pigs, Cuban Missile Crisis, Quarantine 26. How could Cuba be considered the low and the high of Kennedy's foreign policy? The Struggle for Civil Rights Know: Freedom Riders, Birmingham, March on Washington, 27. Were Kennedy's civil rights actions more the cause of events or a reaction to events in the civil rights movement? Explain.

9 Big Picture Question: Chap 36. Please outline your response to the question in the space provided. Provide a thesis that answers the question(s) in a sentence or two. Underneath the thesis write out supporting details using a bullet list or outline format. You do not need to write paragraphs or full sentences, but what you write should represent complete thoughts. Use phrases and brief explanations. A list of single words or terms is insufficient to represent a complete thought. Include within your supporting arguments specific terms, people, or events and a brief reason why these support your thoughts. Eisenhower s foreign policy was successful. Support, modify, or refute this statement. Discuss the following areas specifically: Cold War w/ the Soviet Union, policies in Vietnam, policies in the Middle East, policies in Cuba.

10 Chapter 37: The Stormy Sixties ( ) The LBJ Brand on the Presidency Know: Civil Rights Act of 1964, affirmative action, War on Poverty, Great Society, 1. Did Johnson provide good leadership to the country in his first term? Explain. Johnson Battles Goldwater in 1964 Know: Gulf of Tonkin Resolution 2. Your book says that the 1964 election was a contest between distinctly different political philosophies. Explain this idea. The Great Society Congress Know: Medicare, Medicaid, Entitlements, Immigration and Nationality Act, Head Start 3. In what ways could it be said that marked some of the most liberal years for government in American history? Battling for Black Rights Know: Voting Rights Act of 1965, the 24 th Amendment, Freedom Summer, Selma 4. What forward steps toward voting for African-Americans were made in the mid-1960s? Black Power Know: Watts riots, Malcolm X, Black Panthers, Stokely Carmichael 5. Why did African-Americans turn from non-violence in the late 1960s?

11 Vietnam Vexations Know: Operation Rolling Thunder, Guerrilla Warfare, Six-Day War, Teach-ins, Credibility Gap 6. Why did President Johnson increase America's military presence in Vietnam? 7. Why did many in the world criticize America s involvement in Vietnam? 8. Who was involved and what was the result of the Six-Day War? 9. What was the domestic response to the Vietnam War? Vietnam Topples Johnson Know: Tet Offensive 10. In what way was the Tet Offensive a turning point in the Vietnam War? 11. Why did President Johnson decide not to run for re-election in 1968? The Presidential Sweepstakes of 1968 Know: Hubert Humphrey, Robert Kennedy, George Wallace 12. Describe the turmoil of the Democratic national convention.

12 13. What was Nixon s campaign platform? 14. Describe the campaign and outcome for third party candidate George Wallace. 15. It could be said that few presidents were as great a success or as great a failure as Lyndon Johnson. Assess the validity of this statement. The Cultural Upheaval of the 1960s Know: Berkeley, Sexual Revolution, Stonewall Riots, Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) 16. Why did a 1960s counterculture develop and how was it expressed? Nixon "Vietnamizes" the War Know: Liberal Establishment, Nixon Doctrine, Vietnamization, Silent Majority, My Lai Massacre 17. What was President Nixon s plan for getting the US out of Vietnam? Cambodianizing the Vietnam War Know: Cambodia, Kent State University, 26 th Amendment, Pentagon Papers 18. What developments caused many people to become even more critical of the war in 1970 and 1971?

13 Nixon's Detente with Beijing (Peking) and Moscow Know: Henry Kissinger, détente, ABM Treaty, SALT Treaty 19. What was the China Card, and how did Nixon use it? A New Team on the Supreme Bench Know: Miranda v. Arizona, Roe v. Wade 20. Why was Nixon unhappy with the Supreme Court? Nixon on the Home Front Know: Philadelphia Plan Reverse Discrimination, Silent Spring, Clean Air Act 21. How conservative was President Nixon? Explain. The Nixon Landslide of 1972 Know: George McGovern 22. How did the situation in Vietnam help Nixon win a landslide in the 1972 election? The Secret Bombing of Cambodia and the War Powers Act Know: Pol Pot, War Powers Act 23. What did Cambodia have to do with the War Powers Act? The Arab Oil Embargo and the Energy Crisis Know: OPEC 24. Explain the cause and effects of the Arab Oil Embargo.

14 Big Picture Question: Chap 37. Please outline your response to the question in the space provided. Provide a thesis that answers the question(s) in a sentence or two. Underneath the thesis write out supporting details using a bullet list or outline format. You do not need to write paragraphs or full sentences, but what you write should represent complete thoughts. Use phrases and brief explanations. A list of single words or terms is insufficient to represent a complete thought. Include within your supporting arguments specific terms, people, or events and a brief reason why these support your thoughts. Describe the achievements and limitations of the Civil Rights movement in the period from 1950 through What are the major achievements of Johnson s domestic policies? Why were these issues overshadowed?

15 Chapter 38: Challenges to the Postwar Order ( ) Watergate and the Unmaking of a President 1. What led to the resignation of President Nixon? Sources of Stagnation Know: Stagnation & Inflation 2. Describe the economic problems faced by the United States in the 1970s. The First Unelected President 3. Did President Ford do the right thing when he pardoned Nixon? Explain. Defeat in Vietnam 4. What was the cost (not in just money) of the Vietnam War? Feminist Victories and Defeats Know: Title IX, ERA, Roe v. Wade, Phyllis Schlafly 5. Why did the Equal Rights Amendment fail? The Bicentennial Campaign Know: New Right 6. Why did Jimmy Carter win the presidency in 1976? Carter's Humanitarian Diplomacy Know: Camp David Accords 7. Describe Carter's foreign policy achievements.

16 Economic and Energy Woes Know: Shah of Iran 8. How did Carter react to the renewed energy crisis? Foreign Affairs and the Iranian Imbroglio Know: Leonid Brezhnev, SALT II, Ayatollah Khomeini, Afghanistan, Iran Hostage Crisis 9. What foreign policy problems plagued the second half of Carter's presidency? Big Picture Question: Chap 38. Please outline your response to the question in the space provided. Provide a thesis that answers the question(s) in a sentence or two. Underneath the thesis write out supporting details using a bullet list or outline format. You do not need to write paragraphs or full sentences, but what you write should represent complete thoughts. Use phrases and brief explanations. A list of single words or terms is insufficient to represent a complete thought. Include within your supporting arguments specific terms, people, or events and a brief reason why these support your thoughts. Nixon s foreign policy was successful. Support modify or refute this statement.

17 Chapter 39: The Resurgence of Conservatism ( ) The Election of Ronald Reagan, 1980 Know: New Right, Moral Majority, neoconservatives 1. What factors (social, political, and economic) contributed to Reagan s victory in 1980? The Reagan Revolution Know: Iranian hostage release, welfare state, 2. What changes did Reagan make to the national budget and how did these contrast with previous spending programs? The Battle of the Budget Know: supply-side economics, yuppies 3. What practices contributed to federal budget deficits under Reagan s administration? Reagan Renews the Cold War Know: Star Wars/SDI, arms race, Solidarity, Olympic boycott 4. What were Reagan s attitude, strategy, and rationale toward negotiating with the Soviets? Troubles Abroad Know: West Bank, Israel and Lebanon, Teflon president, Sandinistas, contra rebels 5. Summarize Reagan s international policy in the Middle East and Central America/Caribbean, identifying which side the U.S. supported and which side it opposed.

18 Round Two for Reagan Know: Mikhail Gorbachev, glasnost, perestroika, 6. What changes in the Soviet Union contributed to the end of the Cold War? Reagan s Economic Legacy Know: Reaganomics 7. How was Reagan s economic policy both a failure and a victory? The Religious Right Know: Jerry Falwell, Moral Majority 8. How did the tactics of the religious right parallel those of the movements of the New Left during the 1960s? Referendum on Reaganism in 1988 Know: Black Monday, 9. What factors contributed to the ruin of savings and loan institutions? George H.W. Bush and the End of the Cold War Know: George H. W. Bush, Tiananmen Square, Berlin Wall, CIS, Yugoslavia, ethnic cleansing, Nelson Mandela 10. What were the unexpected consequences of the demise of the Soviet Union? The Persian Gulf Crisis Know: Saddam Hussein, Operation Desert Storm 11. The enemy of my enemy is my friend. How did this philosophy have a negative outcome in America s involvement with Iran and Iraq? Bush on the Home Front Know: Americans with Disabilities Act, Clarence Thomas, Anita Hill, read my lips 12. How did reaction to the Thomas confirmation reflect the changing political attitudes of some women?

19 Big Picture Question: Chap 39. Please outline your response to the question in the space provided. Provide a thesis that answers the question(s) in a sentence or two. Underneath the thesis write out supporting details using a bullet list or outline format. You do not need to write paragraphs or full sentences, but what you write should represent complete thoughts. Use phrases and brief explanations. A list of single words or terms is insufficient to represent a complete thought. Include within your supporting arguments specific terms, people, or events and a brief reason why these support your thoughts. What brought about the rise of Reagan and the new right? How did this conservatism transform American politics?

20 Chapter 40: America Confronts the Post-Cold War Era ( ) Bill Clinton: The First Baby-Boomer President Know: H. Ross Perot, Janet Reno, Ruth Bader Ginsburg 1. What popular concerns helped Clinton win the election? A False Start for Reform Know: don t ask, don t tell, Brady Bill, Oklahoma City bombing, Columbine High School shooting 2. Why did gun control become an important issue during the Clinton administration? The Politics of Distrust Know: Newt Gingrich, Contract with America, Welfare Reform Bill 3. How did voters respond to Clinton s liberal mandate and to Gingrich s conservative mandate? Racial Progress and Perils 4. In what way were the LA race riots proof that racial divisions were still a problem in America? Globalization and Its Discontents Know: NAFTA, WTO 5. Describe globalization and the arguments against it. The Feminist Revolution Know: Family Leave Bill (1993) 6. What accounts for the enduring economic gap between women and men? 7. How had the family changed and stayed the same up to this point?

21 Searching for a Post-Cold War Foreign Policy Know: Somalia, Rwandan genocide, ethnic cleansing, Kosovo, 8. How did events in Somalia shape US actions in Rwanda? 9. Describe the rise of anti-american feeling in the Middle East. Clinton s Legacy and the 2000 Election Know: patients bill of rights, presidential pardons, Bush v. Gore, Electoral College 10. What was Clinton s Legacy? 11. Summarize the election of E Pluribus Plures 12. Explain the title of this section The Postmodern Mind 13. Define and describe the impact of postmodernism in America. Niche Nation 14. How did popular culture mimic the makeup of America in the postmodern world?

22 Chapter 41: The American People Face a New Century ( ) **In the paces below, take notes on major ideas and important things to note about each section Bush Begins Terrorism Comes to America Bush Takes the Offensive against Iraq Owning Iraq Reelecting George W. Bush Bush s Bruising Second Term The Presidential Election of 2008 Obama in the White House

23 Back to Backlash New Directions in Foreign Policy The Politics of Inequality Battling for the White House in 2012 Second Term Stalemate Citizenship and Civil Rights Gridlock Grinds On

Unit XIII FOCUS QUESTIONS

Unit XIII FOCUS QUESTIONS The Cold War Begins Chapter 36 pp. 825-866 How and why did the American economy soar from 1950 to 1970? How did population changes shape American society following World War II?