ACRONYMS... 3 FOREWORD... 5 ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT... 6 SECTION 1: FRAMING STRATEGIC GOALS & COORDINATION... 7

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2 Table of Contents ACRONYMS... 3 FOREWORD... 5 ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT... 6 SECTION 1: FRAMING STRATEGIC GOALS & COORDINATION GOVERNMENT OF AFGHANISTAN S STRATEGIC MINE ACTION GOALS OBLIGATIONS UNDER THE MINE BAN TREATY AFGHANISTAN MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND THE AFGHAN COMPACT UN INTERAGENCY VISION AND STRATEGIC GOAL MACCA/DMC STRUCTURES MACCA PROJECT PROGRAMMING CYCLE PROJECT PROGRAMMING CYCLE STEPS BALANCED SCORECARD (BSC) END OF PROJECT EVALUATION (EPE) SECTION 2: DATA ANALYSIS AND INFLUENCE ON PLANNING REMAINING KNOWN CONTAMINATION ANALYSIS BY DEVICE TYPE SMALL HAZARDS SLOPE LAND COVER SNOW COVERAGE SECTION 3: BUILDING THE 1393 PLAN PRIORITISATION FOR CLEARANCE PREPARATION OF THE ANNUAL PLAN ANTICIPATED 1393 CLEARANCE RESULTS MINE/ERW IMPACT FREE COMMUNITY SURVEY (MEIFCS) FIRING RANGES CHALLENGES TO IMPLEMENTATION OF 1393 PLAN SECTION 4: MINE/ERW RISK EDUCATION MINE/ERW RISK EDUCATION DATA ANALYSIS PLANNING MINE/ERW RE ACTIVITIES COORDINATION QUALITY ASSURANCE MINE/ERW DATA COLLECTION SECTION 5: VICTIM ASSISTANCE GENERAL OVERALL GOAL AND OBJECTIVES OF MACCA TO SUPPORT THE LINE MINISTRIES OBJECTIVES OF MACCA S VA/DISABILITY SUPPORT DEPARTMENT MACCA CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT PROJECTS TO 3 LINE MINISTRIES MINISTRY OF LABOUR, SOCIAL AFFAIRS, MARTYRS AND THE DISABLED (MOLSAMD) MINISTRY OF PUBLIC HEALTH (MOPH) MINISTRY OF EDUCATION (MOE): INCLUSIVE EDUCATION ANNEX A: LIST OF 1393 DEMINING PROJECTS ANNEX B: LIST OF 1393 MINE/ERW RE PROJECTS ANNEX C: LIST OF 1393 VICTIM ASSISTANCE (VA) PROJECTS ANNEX D: LIST OF 1393 MEIFCS TARGETED DISTRICTS Page 2 of 43

3 ACRONYMS ACBRN Afghanistan Community Based Rehabilitation Network ACPD Advocacy Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities ALIS Afghanistan Landmine Impact Survey ALSO Afghan landmine s Survivors Organization AMAS Afghanistan Mine Action Standards AMBTP Afghanistan Mine Ban Treaty Plan ANDAP Afghanistan National Disability Action Plan ANDMA Afghanistan National Disaster Management Authority ANDS Afghanistan National Development Strategy APMBT Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Treaty ATC Afghan Technical Consultants BAC Battle Area Clearance BPHS Basic Package of Health Services CAP Cartagena Action Plan CBD Community Based Demining CBR Community Based Rehabilitation CCM Convention on Cluster Munitions CDC Community Development Councils CFA Child Fund Afghanistan CRPD Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities DAFA Demining Agency for Afghanistan DDG Danish Demining Group DMC Department of Mine Clearance DRC Danish Refugee Council DRD Disability and Rehabilitation Department DSCG Disability Stakeholders Coordination Group DT Demining Team EOD Explosive Ordnance Disposal EPHS Essential Package of Hospital Services ERW Explosive Remnants of War ERW Explosive Remnant of War FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (of the United Nations) HALO Trust Hazardous Area Life support Organization HIMS Health Information Management System ICFE-CWG Inclusive Child Friendly Education Coordination Working Group ICPA Integrated Clearance Plan of Afghanistan IDPD International Day of Persons with Disabilities IMB Inter-Ministerial Board for Mine Action IMSMA Information Management System for Mine Action IMWCD Inter-Ministerial Working Committee on Disability IOF Integrated Operational Framework IP Implementing Partner LIAT Landmine Impact Assessment Team LRBPD Law on the Rights and Benefits of Persons with Disabilities MACCA Mine Action Coordination Centre of Afghanistan MAPA Mine Action Programme of Afghanistan MCPA Mine Clearance and Planning Agency Page 3 of 43

4 MDC MEIFCS M/ERW RE MF MRRD NAC NGO NSP OMAR PWD RO SHA Sq km Sq m UN VTF UN UNAMA UNDSS UNMAS UNOCHA UNOPS VA Mine Detection Centre Mine/WRW Impact Free Community Survey Mine and Explosive Remnants of War Risk Education Minefield Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development Norwegian Afghanistan Committee Non Governmental Organisation National Solidarity Programme Organization for Mine Clearance and Afghan Rehabilitation Person with disability Regional Office Suspected Hazardous Area Square kilometre Square metre United Nations Voluntary Trust Fund for Assistance in Mine Action United Nations United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan United Nations Department of Safety and Security United Nations Mine Action Service United Nations Office of Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs United Nations Office for Project Services Victim Assistance Page 4 of 43

5 FOREWORD This document reiterates the mine action related strategic goals of the Government of Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and sets out the operational priorities and objectives of the mine action programme of Afghanistan for the year 1393 (April 2014-April 2015). The plan encompasses all pillars of mine action and details the second year of Afghanistan s Ottawa Treaty (Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Treaty, APMBT) Article 5 extension request. The MAPA 1393 Integrated Operational Framework (IOF) reflects mine action policy and planning procedures and aims to be a point of reference for the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of all mine action interventions in Afghanistan. Further to this, the document contains data analysis for the explanation of the nature and scope of mine action related challenges in Afghanistan. We hope that the stakeholders of the mine action programme of Afghanistan find this a useful document. Mohammad Sediq Rashid Director Mine Action Coordination Centre of Afghanistan (MACCA) Dr. Mohammad Daim Kakar General Director Afghanistan National Disaster Management Authority (ANDMA) Page 5 of 43

6 ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT This document sets out the general policies and approach to project development followed by the MACCA/DMC and Implementing Partners (IPs) of the Mine Action Programme of Afghanistan (MAPA). It is not proscriptive and is not binding on any stakeholder, it is however written to offer a framework of guidance. The document sets out the Afghan Government s policies for mine action as they now stand; describes the problem, and suggests ways to achieve a solution. The purpose of the data analysis is a quick reference start point. Data analysis is the first act in building and testing a plan of action, but of course data is constantly changing. The data presented in this document is a snap shot from the 31 st Mar It should be noted that the 1393 plan is the second year of the Afghanistan Mine Ban Treaty Plan (AMBTP), though the projects are selected from both 1393 and 1394, in order to provide flexibility for the implementing partners (IP) a wider selection of coverage and to avoid loss of demining resources. This document presents ways of analysing impact data, assessing probable priorities and the ranking system used in developing AMBTP projects, but it must be remembered that the value placed on a particular area by a community does change, so the processes used to build coherent, effective and competent project plans within the wider framework must be flexible. Page 6 of 43

7 SECTION 1: FRAMING STRATEGIC GOALS & COORDINATION 1.1. GOVERNMENT OF AFGHANISTAN S STRATEGIC MINE ACTION GOALS The most recent government endorsed strategy document for mine action was issued in May It was based on the Government of Afghanistan s vision of a country free from landmines and explosive remnants of war (ERW), where people and communities live in a safe environment conducive to national development, and where landmine and ERW survivors are fully integrated in the society and thus have their rights and needs recognized and fulfilled. 1 In order to realise the End-State Vision, the following end goals must be achieved: Goal 1 Demining The End Goal for demining 2 will be achieved when all known mine/erw contaminated areas are cleared. Once this goal has been reached, there will continue to be an effective mine/erw demining capability to respond to unknown residual risk and continued raising of public awareness on how to recognize and report suspicious items for disposal by qualified authorities. Mapping of cleared areas will be complete and accurate and this data will be made available as needed to the public and designated institutions. All post-clearance documentation will be complete and all cleared land will have been handed over in accordance with national standards. Goal 2 Mine/ERW Risk Education (M/ERW RE) The End Goal for M/ERW RE will be achieved when a comprehensive and sustainable system is in place to educate and raise awareness throughout people and communities nationwide regarding the residual mine/erw threats. This includes sufficient information to recognise and report these items to the appropriate authorities. Goal 3 Stockpile Destruction The End Goal for mine stockpile destruction will be achieved when all known illegal, abandoned or otherwise unwanted munitions have been destroyed or otherwise disposed of. Goal 4 Mine/ERW Survivor Assistance The End Goal for mine/erw survivor assistance will be achieved when mine/erw survivors are reintegrated into Afghan society, with support provided through a national system that incorporates the rights and needs of people with disabilities. Goal 5 Advocacy and Coordination The End Goal for advocacy and coordination will be achieved when relevant institutions and civil society cooperate and support the fulfillment of Afghan commitments to the eradication of mines/erw, and the importance of mineaction for communities and national development. 1 Mine Action in Afghanistan: The Way Ahead, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Saur 1385 (May 2006). 2 Demining is defined as comprising: non-technical and technical survey; mapping; clearance; marking; post-clearance documentation; Community Mine Action Liaison and handover of cleared land. Page 7 of 43

8 1.2. OBLIGATIONS UNDER THE MINE BAN TREATY 3 Afghanistan acceded to the Mine Ban Treaty on 11 September 2002 and became a State Party on 1 March Thus Afghanistan has made a commitment to establish a complete ban on anti-personnel mines through the implementation of an overarching framework for mine action. This framework requires the clearance of all emplaced anti-personnel mines within ten years, destruction of all stockpiled anti-personnel mines within five years, provision of MRE, assistance to landmine survivors and a requirement to meet international reporting obligations. This obligation has not been met, and the State of Afghanistan requested a ten-year extension, which was approved in December 2012, thus the State of Afghanistan is committed to clear all mines by March The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan signed the Convention on Cluster Munitions (CCM) on 3 rd December 2008 in Oslo Norway, ratified it on 8 th September 2011, and entered it into force on 1 st March The CCM obliges each State Party never under any circumstances to: (a) Use cluster Munitions; (b) Develop, produce, otherwise acquire, stockpile, retain or transfer to anyone, directly or indirectly, cluster munitions; (c) Assist, encourage or induce anyone to engage in any activity prohibited to a State Party under this Convention. Afghanistan ratified the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and its Optional Protocol on 18 th September The purpose of the present Convention is to promote, protect and ensure the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms by all persons with disabilities, and to promote respect for their inherent dignity AFGHANISTAN MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND THE AFGHAN COMPACT 4 The Afghan Government articulated its overarching goals for the well-being of its people in the Afghanistan Millennium Development Goals Country Report 2005 Vision Target 23 of the Millennium Development Goals states that all emplaced anti-personnel mines will be destroyed by 2013 and that all other explosives will be destroyed by With regard to the number of high-impacted communities, the baseline for Afghanistan in 2005 was 281 communities. In 2014, the number of high-impacted communities has been reduced to 107. It is difficult to predict how many high-impact communities will exist in 2015 and beyond due to the unpredictable nature of population movement and migration. In terms of hazardous areas, the baseline for 2005 was 715 square kilometres. In 2012, square kilometres required clearance. According to the AMBTP, there will square kilometres left to clear in 2015 and 110 square kilometres in 2020, provided no hazards are newly recorded in the mean time. The total number of communities impacted by mines and ERW was 1,717 in Under the AMBTP, this will decrease to 1,064 impacted communities in 2015 and 376 communities by The number of people directly affected by ERW was over one million in This is expected to reduce to 400,000 people in 2015 and 200,000 people by Consistent with those goals, the Compact identified three critical and interdependent areas or pillars of activity for the five years from the adoption of the Compact: 1. Security; 2. Governance, Rule of Law and Human Rights; and 3. Economic and Social Development. A further vital and cross-cutting area of work is eliminating the narcotics industry, which remains a formidable threat to the people and state of Afghanistan, the region and beyond. 3 Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction 4 In 2006, the Afghan Government and 80 international delegates met in London to agree the strategies for development for the next 5 years. The conference concluded with a commitment to the Afghan Compact and donors promised $10.5bn to achieve the targets set. 5 Page 8 of 43

9 1.4. UN INTERAGENCY VISION AND STRATEGIC GOAL The vision of the United Nations is a world free from the threat of mines and explosive remnants of war (ERW) including cluster munitions, where individuals and communities live in a safe environment conducive to development and where the human rights and the needs of mine and ERW victims are met and survivors are fully integrated as equal members of their societies. The United Nations Strategy on Mine Action can be found at and on the MACCA website at The UN Strategic Goal is defined as: The United Nations works with affected states to reduce the threat and impact of mine/erw, including cluster munitions, on peace and security, humanitarian relief, human rights and socioeconomic development; it does so in partnership with civil society, the private sector, international and national arrangements, and donors with an aim to secure levels of prevention and protection, for individuals and communities, at which point UN mine action assistance is no longer requested MACCA/DMC STRUCTURES The lead government agency mandated by law to coordinate mine action is the Department of Mine Clearance (DMC) under the Afghanistan National Disaster Management Authority (ANDMA). Discussions are ongoing as to how to transition more coordination functions from MACCA to DMC. Considerable progress has been made to date in this regard, particularly following the appointment of a new DMC director in early Since then, there has been a remarkable expansion of DMC s coordination role. DMC s activities now include post-demining impact assessments (PDIAs) and an increased role in quality assurance. The major challenge for the Government now is the allocation of increased human and financial resources to DMC so that its role in coordination can continue to grow. DMC is advocating that the Government allocate more resources for mine action from the national budget for both coordination and implementation. Until such time as these resources materialise, MACCA will continue to provide technical assistance and mentoring to DMC s 13 staff members. In addition, during 1393, the roles and functions of DMC and MACCA will be further clarified, as will MACCA s future structure. In an effort to Afghanise the programme, UNMAS removed its international staff from the coordination centre in All positions at MACCA are now held by national UNMAS staff, with four internationals remaining, who work from the UNMAS Project Office in Kabul. The international staff members continue to provide financial oversight of the programme and administer the funds that donors provide to the UN Voluntary Trust Fund (VTF) for mine action. International staff functions include programme management and support to AFL, security, resource mobilisation, donor relations, public information and reporting, as well as other needs as they arise. The transition to national ownership of mine action is supported by the Afghan-only partnership between MACCA and DMC. Model a. below shows how the structure currently functions in 2014, while Model b. illustrates the transition of mine action coordination to the Government over time. Page 9 of 43

10 Figure 1: Model a. ANDMA/DMC/MACCA/UNMAS coordination of mine action in 1393 ANDMA DMC Partnership & Collaboration $ Funds & Reporting Activities with Ministries Afghan Government Capacity Building, Financial & Logistical Support DONORS $ UNMAS MACCA Technical Expertise Oversight, Advisory & Financial Support UNMAS Project Office UNOPS Impacted Communities Coordination Results, Monitoring, Evaluation IMPLEMENTING PARTNERS ROs Coordination and Planning $ Funds & Reporting to MACOA/ UNOPS ANDMA/DMC/MACCA/ UNMAS/Donors 1393 $ Funds & Reporting (Bilateral) The coordination process is conceptually shown in green representing Afghan (be that national UNMAS staff or Government staff) rather than international ownership. The MACCA/RO structure is shown in a broken green line to illustrate that this structure is open to change. The international UN presence is represented by the UNMAS Project Office to the right in the model. It should be noted that, while MACCA and its regional offices, as an UNMAS project, will receive oversight, and advisory and financial support from UNMAS, there will be no international staff members involved in the coordination of operations 6 in 1393 as was the case in As mentioned above, international staff members continue to provide support to other coordination functions, such as public information, donor relations, and resource mobilisation. Discussions are ongoing as to the structure of MACCA in future. All stakeholders will be consulted and will have to agree to any change in MACCA s status. Model b. below shows how the size of the UNMAS project office and funds provided by international donors, both through the VTF and bilaterally, will decrease over time and how the role of the Government should increase, with funds provided either by the Government or through on-budget support to the Government by the international community. This represents a transition of ownership from the UN to the Government and is in line with the Kabul Conference of 2010, according to which the Afghan Government has requested donors to increase their on-budget support to the Government for the implementation of all humanitarian and development activities. An important step will be taken in 1393 in this regard. The International Trust Fund Enhancing Human Security (ITF), previously known as International Trust Fund for Demining and Mine Victim Assistance, is a humanitarian, non-profit organisation established by the Slovenian Government in ITF works to eliminate the threat of landmines and explosive remnants of war (ERW) in 6 The coordination of mine action operations refers to functions such as quality assurance, quality control, research and development. Page 10 of 43

11 impacted countries around the world, as well as addressing wider human security challenges. In 1393, the US Department of State will channel funds to support both MACCA and DMC through ITF. ITF has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with ANDMA, which is expected to be approved by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA). Once the funds are received, DMC will administer its own budget in 1393, which will strengthen Government ownership for mine action and help prepare it for further on-budget support in future. Figure 2: Model b. Transition of mine action coordination over time ANDMA /DMC/ MACCA Continually Working Towards Sustainable Mine Action Coordination ANDMA DMC ANDMA DMC Impacted Communities IMPLEMENTING PARTERRES Declining Number of impacted communities Less Capacity Required NDMC as NMAA DMC UN Project Office MACCA MACCA a1 Increased Government on budget support to coordination $ $ $ Declining $ Support Required for Coordination UN Project Office UN Project Office UN Project Office UN Project Office UN Project Office GOVT/ DONORS/ UN/ MACCA/ DMC Model b also shows the number of impacted communities in decline. The significance of this is that the coordination structures of 2014 will not be required to the same extent in 2017 and beyond. Note also that the model shows a decline in the number of staff at implementing partner organisations over time; fewer hazards will mean that less capacity is required. Gradually, as the threat from mines and ERW is mitigated, the excess capacity in the programme will be reduced to a level that remains capable of responding to and managing the removal of residual contamination over the long term. This is shown as a green horizontal arrow leading on from the red arrow denoting decline. As with other conflict-affected countries post World War I and II, Afghanistan will continue to require the capacity to deal with the remnants of war for decades to come. MACCA is shown in the diagram surrounded by a dashed line to indicate that change will be required. UNMAS, MACCA and DMC will continue to examine how the coordination structures should evolve over time MACCA PROJECT PROGRAMMING CYCLE Together with DMC, MACCA exists as a service provider to Government, donors and implementers and as such DMC and MACCA seek to provide a uniform service to all. The MACCA policy for projects both VTF and bilateral is that projects are designed to be time-bound with clearly defined outputs and project deliverables. All VTF funds are apportioned to specific projects and bilateral donors are asked to request from their implementing partners that projects are derived from the current year of the Afghanistan Mine Ban Treaty Plan (AMBTP). The processes undertaken within MACCA support the above and are in line with standard project cycle management principles. The diagram below outlines the steps MACCA takes to progress donor interest in supporting mine action Page 11 of 43

12 in Afghanistan to the delivery of a well planned and executed mine action project. Each step is explained in more detail below. Figure 3: Programming cycle Step 1: Project & IP Selection Step 2: Project Technical & Financial Evaluation Step 3: Contracting Step 4: Monitoring Competitive process UNOPS &MACCA Evaluation UNOPS Contracting Project & IP Selection (PIPS) Panel Pre-select process either VTF or bilateral Project technical and financial evaluation BILATERAL Evaluation & contracting Project Acceptance Board (PAB) Monitoring Project programming cycle steps Step 1: Project and Implementing Partner Selection (PIPS) One of MACCA s roles is to provide advice to donors on the best use of funds earmarked for mine action (survey, clearance, M/ERW RE and VA) in Afghanistan. MACCA provides expertise and advice to UNMAS in terms of allocation of Voluntary Trust Fund for Mine Action (VTF) contributions for Afghanistan. The PIPS also provides significant added value to bilateral donor decision-making and UNMAS and MACCA strongly encourages bilateral donor participation in the process. Regardless of whether a donor contributes to the VTF, MACCA s Proposal Review Team (PRT) has in the past reviewed proposals on the request of bilateral donors and provided feedback and recommendations, which the bilateral donor may consider in its decision to award bilateral funding. This in line with the policy of UNMAS and MACCA to encourage IPs to pursue alternative funding mechanisms to the VTF. UNMAS and MACCA will continue to support bilateral donors in reviewing proposals and assuring the quality of bilaterally funded operations. The PIPS panel, comprised of UNMAS and senior MACCA managers and donor representation (in the case of UNMAS), as well as DMC in a non-un observer role, considers un-funded MBT, mine/erw RE and VA projects to be cleared/implemented for the current and/or next year against donor preferences and MACCA policies. The PIPS panel also makes decisions concerning funding through a competitive process. In certain cases, an implementing partner can be pre-selected based on their advantages in a given area. As described in more detail below, the PIPS process aims to provide donors with value for money, rather than selecting the cheapest approach on offer. The outcome of the PIPS process is either a request for a detailed project proposal from an identified implementing partner or the issue of a Request for Proposals within a competitive process. Step 2: Project Technical and Financial Evaluation (Proposal Review Process) The Proposal Review Team reviews proposals on behalf of MAPA donors (both VTF and bilateral on request) and comprises representatives from MACCA Operations, Quality Management and Planning & Programme departments, as well as DMC in a non-un observer role. The team ensures each project has clearly defined outputs, verifies information concerning the hazards implementing partners intend to clear, ensures the project is in line with MACCA and Government priorities for clearance and AMAS, quality management plan and represents good value for money. Once the Proposal Review Team is satisfied with the project design and proposal, it either provides a recommendation to the bilateral donor to fund a particular project or, in the case of the VTF, it recommends that UNMAS contracts the project through UNOPS. A number of bilateral donors consistently request MACCA s endorsement prior to confirming fund allocations. Some bilateral donors are not currently using the services of Page 12 of 43

13 MACCA s proposal review process; MACCA strongly encourages bilateral donor involvement so that all projects undertaken in the humanitarian sector have defined outputs and are in line with the overall goals of the Afghan Government. The Proposal Review Team carries out RFP competitive evaluations are in accordance with the appropriate UNOPS competitive rules and regulations. Step 3: Contracting For VTF-funded projects, contracting is undertaken through UNOPS North America Office, supported by MACOA (Mine Action Contracts Office of Afghanistan), a sub-office located in the UNMAS Project Office. Bilaterally funded projects are contracted directly between the donor and the implementing partner. Step 4: Monitoring MACCA and DMC deliver a Quality Assurance function at field level, which examines specifically operational quality as well as monitors and evaluates implementing partners and their projects across a broader set of indicators using a monitoring and evaluation tool called the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) Balanced Scorecard (BSC) To continually improve the efficiency and effectiveness of MACCA and DMCs coordination function, at the end of 1387, MACCA developed a Balanced Scorecard (BSC). The BSC provided a centralised mechanism to combine the results of the monitoring and evaluation activities that were successfully being conducted concurrently by various MACCA departments. IP planning and operations were monitored by MACCA and DMC operations staff, while quality assurance was managed by MACCA s QM department. The aim of the BSC is not to replace these activities, which are still ongoing, but to draw together the results of these monitoring activities. The BSC came into practice at the beginning of 1388 and measures each IP against a specific set of criteria. The tool enables MACCA to monitor the output, quality and effectiveness of each IP against a uniform set of indicators on a quarterly basis. Not only does the tool allow for comparison between implementers, information which could be useful for donors in funding decisions, but it also provides IPs with a baseline for their own improvement and development. The total possible score (100%) is divided between four indicator sets; operations, quality management, demining accidents, and reporting. Recognising that delivering mine action is the primary function of IPs, the operations indicator set has the highest weighting and accounts for 40% of the total score. The other indicators are divided almost equally and account for 20%, 25%, and 15% of the total score respectively. Each indicator set is further divided into a number of subsets or questions which enable MACCA to measure and evaluate the planning ability of an IP, the productivity of assets, the quality of work delivered, and reporting efficiency. Full details are available in MACCA s BSC Briefing Document available at The graph below shows the average results for Mine Clearance IPs (ATC, DAFA, DDG, HALO Trust, MCPA, MDC, OMAR, and FSD) measured over 20 quarters. The trend over time is upwards, indicating improved quality across the implementers. Note that all implementers show results either in the Green or Amber zones (explained below). 7 A strategic planning and management system that is used extensively in business and industry, government, and non-profit organizations worldwide to align business activities to the vision and strategy of the organization Page 13 of 43

14 Figure 4: BSC results 100% 90% 80% 82% BSC Average Scores for Demining IPs over the Quarters( ) 95% 92% 89% 89% 88% 89% 95% 97% 98% 99% 99% 99% 81% 89% 84% 84% 84% 70% 77% 76% 60% 50% 40% Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qrt 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr GREEN: BSC results between 90% and 100% are considered highly satisfactory by MACCA. A score within this range indicates an IP is executing its plan, delivering high-quality services, has a low accident rate and reports accurately and on time to MACCA. The green colour code indicates activities should be continued. AMBER: BSC results in the range of 65%-90% are deemed satisfactory by MACCA, though the issues that are lowering the IP score should be highlighted and followed up by the IP. The amber colour code indicates caution. RED: MACCA views a BSC result of below 65% as unsatisfactory. IPs should take immediate corrective action and MACCA would anticipate that an extended period in the red or stop zone would result in the suspension of operations. Accreditation may be removed from the IP and, in the case of VTF funding, a re-allocation of funds to IPs demonstrating better BSC scores may result. The BSC links the quality of the work of the deminer in the field or the site officer completing reports to senior managers responsible for decision-making. All staff of an IP can impact the score, and the score can impact IP accreditation or funding. The BSC completes the circle of responsibility and accountability within the IP organisation End of Project Evaluation (EPE) The final process of monitoring and evaluation comes at the end of the project, which in many cases coincides with the end of the Afghan year. Each project is evaluated against every indicator set in the BSC and the project is given an overall score out of 100%. Lessons learned during the project and the findings of each evaluation feed into project funding decisions for the following year, or project cycle. The result of IPs end of project evaluation BSC is shared with DMC, relevant IPs, donors and MACCA management. The following diagram summarises the project cycle: Page 14 of 43

15 Figure 5: How BSC fits into the project cycle Proposals prepared which result in financial support to VTF PIPS panel identify projects for funding and request proposals End of project evaluation feeds into decision making for future projects and proposals Proposals are reviewed by Proposal Review Team Implementing Partners and Projects are monitored by MACCA using BSC Projects are contracted through UNOPS North America Office or bilaterally Page 15 of 43

16 SECTION 2: DATA ANALYSIS AND INFLUENCE ON PLANNING This section describes the quantitative aspects of the remaining known challenge (1 st April 2014) for both minefield and battlefield contamination. In the eleven years since Afghanistan became a party to the Ottawa Convention, it is clear that significant progress has been made in terms of removal of all types of landmine and ERW contamination REMAINING KNOWN CONTAMINATION The following table shows the breakdown of known contamination type in terms of number of MF/BF and the area contaminated. Table 1: Remaining contamination Contamination type No. of MF/BF Area (sq km) % area AP AT ERW Total As shown in Table 1, the remaining contamination of AT mines areas is comparatively higher than AP mines contamination (35.62% of the total contaminated area results from AP mines and 57.70% results from AT mines). Note, as mentioned previously, the amount of current BF recorded in IMSMA is usually quite small as BF tends to be cleared relatively quickly once it is reported. The table below breaks down AP MF contamination by region. Table 2: AP contamination by region Region No. of AP MF Area AP MF (sq km) % AP MF area Central North East South North South East East West Total The above table shows the AP contamination through the regions. Central region stays on the top of the table with 38.11% of the total and North East region is the second highest contaminated region in the country. The table below breaks down AT MF contamination by region. Table 3: AT contamination by region Region No. of AT MF Area AT MF (sq km) % AT MF area South West Central South East East North North East Total Page 16 of 43

17 Table 3 details the AT contamination by region within the country. Note that the Central region has the greatest number of AT hazards, while in terms of area contamination the Southern region has the largest area. Table 4 below identifies the North East region as the most affected in terms of the number of BF, while the East region is most affected in terms of area contaminated. Table 4: BF contamination by region Region No. of BF Area of BF (sq km) % BF area East North East Central West South South East North Total As shown in Table 5 below, AP minefields directly impact 1,032 communities, AT minefields 594 communities and ERW-contaminated areas 143 communities. In total, 1,769 communities are directly impacted. 8 Table 5: Impacted communities by contamination type Hazard type No. of hazards Area (sq km) % area Population affected 9 % affected No. of communities impacted % communities impacted AP 2, , , AT 1, , ERW , Total 4, , , However, the indirect impact of this contamination on other communities can be considerable. Each minefield is linked to only one community. If a minefield is between communities, it is linked to the nearest one, but could easily affect the neighbouring community also. In addition, contamination impacts people travelling between non-contaminated communities when they pass through the impacted community. Furthermore, if development projects aimed to assist a group of impacted and non-impacted communities are hampered due to landmines, this has an impact on all nearby communities who might potentially benefit from the development project, rather than just the contaminated community. Thus, in reality the figure of 1,769 impacted communities is lower than the actual number of communities affected by landmines and ERW contamination in Afghanistan. Note that population figures presented in this data analysis are derived from 2010 Land Scan data. Land Scan uses the light intensity at night to approximate the population at a specific location. It is likely to underestimate the population figures, as many rural communities may not have electricity and most Afghans in rural settings go to sleep early in the evening. The figures mentioned should therefore be viewed as the minimum number of people affected. It should be noted that, in places where there are adjacent minefields, the same population may be impacted by more than one hazard and consequently they may be double counted in the following tables. It should also be 8 Some communities are directly impacted by more than one type of contamination, thus the total of these figures (1032, 594 and 143) total more than 1, The population covers all people living within 500 metres of the hazards. Page 17 of 43

18 noted that these population figures are substantially lower than those taken at community level during the ALIS. The decision to use LandScan data was based on the fact that LandScan data is quantitative, while ALIS is qualitative and the ALIS data dates back to 2004 whereas LandScan data was gathered in As shown in Table 6 below, a total of 1,568 (29.35% AP, 65.98% AT, 4.67% ERW) remaining hazards are located within one kilometre of community centres. These hazardous areas together contaminate a total of sq km, of which 29.35% contains AP mines, 65.98% AT and 4.67% contains ERW. The proximity of these hazardous areas to the community centres means that they become major obstacles for community development, in addition to threatening the personal security of local inhabitants. As can be seen in the table below, 36.84% of hazardous areas located close to the community centres are in the Southern region, 30.68% are in the Central and 17.99% are in the Southeast. The numbers of hazardous areas located close to the community centres are relatively few in the rest of the regions. Proximity is considered as a factor in the ranking system according to which the hazards are classified as high, medium or low impact. As a result, many of these hazards will be cleared during the early years of the extension request plan. Table 6: Mine and ERW contaminated areas located within one km of community centres Region Device type No. of hazards Area in sq km Central East North North East South South East West AP AT ERW Total AP AT ERW Total AP AT ERW Total AP AT ERW Total AP AT ERW Total AP AT ERW Total AP AT ERW Total Grand Total 1, Page 18 of 43

19 No of Mine and ERW Contamianted Areas Figure 6: Hazard distribution across districts More Number of Districts 97 Figure 6 above shows how the number of hazards is distributed across districts; there are 97 districts with between one and five hazards, 45 districts that have between six and 10 hazards. Within the 97 districts that have between one and five hazards, 28 districts have only one hazard each, 27 districts have two, 20 districts have three, 15 districts contain four and 7 districts have five hazards each. This demonstrates that, in 142 districts (which account for 58% of the total 246 impacted districts), contamination is relatively low (10 hazards or less per district). It also shows that 26 districts are densely contaminated, having 50 or more hazards in each. Figure 7 below shows the number of hazards in each province. As can be seen, Baghlan Province in the North East is the most contaminated in terms of number of hazards at 592, accounting for 13.79% of Afghanistan s contaminated land. Figure 8 below shows the area of contamination by province. It indicates that sq km (84.6%) of the total remaining contamination are in top 13 provinces, i.e., Helmand, Logar, Kandahar, Farah, Baghlan, Ghazni, Herat, Maydan Wardak, Kabul, Parwan, Nangarhar, Paktika and Zabul. In the mean time, contamination in Uruzgan, Jawzjan, Ghor, Bamyan and Badghis is low, making up just 2.25% of the total contamination. MEIFCS has not been completed in these provinces; the total number of hazards and size of contamination is therefore subject to change based on the results of MEIFCS. Page 19 of 43

20 Figure 7: Number of hazards per province Ghor Nuristan Uruzgan Badghis Jawzjan Bamyan Laghman Kunar Faryab Nimroz Sari Pul Zabul Paktika Khost Kapisa Farah Badakhshan Paktya Hilmand Balkh Kunduz Hirat Panjsher Takhar Kandahar Nangarhar Ghazni Samangan Kabul Logar Maydan Wardak Parwan Baghlan Figure 8: Area contaminated by province Uruzgan Ghor Bamyan Badghis Jawzjan Sari Pul Nuristan Laghman Kunduz Kunar Faryab Khost Balkh Badakhshan Kapisa Paktya Panjsher Takhar Samangan Nimroz Zabul Paktika Parwan Kabul Nangarhar Hirat Maydan Wardak Ghazni Baghlan Farah Logar Kandahar Hilmand

21 2.2. ANALYSIS BY DEVICE TYPE Table 7 below breaks down the remaining contamination by device type and shows that the majority (70.22%) of the remaining contaminated areas contain AP mines and abandoned IEDs (AIEDs) (considered as part of the Article 5 challenge). Table 7: Remaining contamination by device type Hazard type No. of hazards % total hazards Area (sq km) % area Population % population AP , AP/ERW , Sub Total , AP/AT , AP/AT/ERW , AT , Sub Total , ERW , Grand Total 4, , Please note that, among the 219 ERW-contaminated hazards, there are 19 hazards that are contaminated by cluster munitions covering 7.27 sq km. In terms of area, AP mines are responsible for half of the remaining landmine and ERW contamination and directly impact over 45.51% of the total affected population. The majority of mined areas that contain AP mines are located in densely populated areas. Table 7 indicates that only 5.1% of the total remaining contamination is due to ERW. However, analysis of civilian casualties in the last two years shows that ERW has caused almost 90% of all casualties. Given the fact that the database demonstrates a relatively low number of recorded ERW contaminated areas, the accident data suggests that scattered ERW is found in many communities in Afghanistan and that these communities have not been recorded as impacted by ERW. Tables 8, 9 and 10 below show the remaining landmine and ERW problem by type of contamination and region. Table 8: Remaining AP contamination by region Region No. of AP MF % AP MF Area of AP MF (sq km) Population % population No. of communities impacted % communities impacted Central , East , North , North , East South , South East , West , Total , As shown in Table 8 above, the Central region remains the most affected in terms of number of hazards, contaminated area, population and the number of impacted communities. Contamination in the Central region accounts for nearly 50% of the total, followed by the North East region.

22 Table 9 shows how AT contamination is distributed regionally. As can be seen, the Central region has the greatest number of minefields, but the extent of contamination is greatest in the south. Although the Southeast region has the highest number of people impacted by AT mines, the Southeast has the highest number of communities impacted. The East, Northeast and North regions are notably less affected by AT mines than other regions. Table 9: Remaining AT contamination by region Region No. of AT MFs % AT MF Area of AT MF (sq km) % AT MF area Population % population No. of communities impacted % communities impacted South , West , Central , South East , East , North , North East Total 1, , , Table 10 below defines the current ERW contamination throughout the regions. The North East shows the greatest contamination, with 58 hazards covering sq km, while the West region has the lowest level of contamination with 13 hazards covering 5.94 sq km. Table 10: Remaining ERW contamination by region Region North East No. of ERW hazards % ERW hazards Area of ERW hazard (sq km) % ERW MF area Central East Population % population No. of communities impacted % communities impacted 24, , , North , South South East 1, , West , Total , Page 22 of 43

23 Table 11: Contamination and UN security level UN Security Level System Communities % communities Population % population No. of hazards % hazards Area in (sq km) % area Extreme , High , Substantial , Moderate , Low , Minimal , Total , As can be seen, the security risk in 40.82% of impacted communities (where 24.11% of the affected population is living) is considered to be minimal, low or moderate whereas 59.2% of impacted communities are in insecure parts of the country. MAPA is considered by most Afghans to be an organisation that transcends political and ethnic differences and thus most communities will allow operations to take place in most parts of the country, contrary to UN security level indicators SMALL HAZARDS As shown in the table below a total of 146 contaminated areas, each covering less than 1,000 sq m and thus defined as small hazards, are among the remaining contaminated sites. Table 12: Small hazards Central East North North East South South East West Region Device No. of hazards Area in sq m AP 24 8,503 AT 3 1,148 ERW 13 1,854 Total 40 11,505 AP AT ERW Total 9 1,772 AP 13 7,639 AT 2 1,055 ERW Total 23 9,136 AP 36 18,243 AT 3 1,442 ERW Total 53 20,532 AP AT 3 1,600 ERW Total 5 3,296 AP AT ERW Total 6 1,041 AP 4 2,190 AT 3 1,035 ERW Total 10 3,375 Grand Total ,657 Page 23 of 43

24 Over 55% of these sites (80) are contaminated by AP mines. If these small hazards are cleared, there will be a 3.4% reduction in the overall remaining landmine and ERW contamination. However, it will not bring considerable changes to the total size of contamination in proportion to the hazard number. The number of open tasks will reduce significantly but the clearance of these small tasks will not reduce overall contamination by the same proportion. As shown, most of the small hazards are located in the north-east, central and northern regions of the country. Size is one of the factors in the impact classification system, with smaller areas likely to be prioritised. As a result, many of these small hazards will be cleared in the early years of the extension request SLOPE The slope of the land on which hazards are located provides a guide for planning. The slope values for the hazards are derived using the 3D terrain model and ArcGIS spatial analysis. The table below shows how the remaining hazard is broken down depending on slope. Table 13: Slope of remaining hazards Slope Population % population No. of hazards % hazard Area % area 0-5% 362, % 139, % 70, % 25, % 54, % 23, % 97, , Total 774, , Most of the remaining areas have a relatively high slope, with just 42.69% having a 0-5% slope and 24.14% with a slope greater than 25%. The slope can affect the ability of mine action implementers to use machines or dogs, and the speed of mine clearance is likely to be slower on hazards with higher slope.. Table 14: Slope of remaining AP contamination Slope Population % population No. of hazards % hazard Area % area 0-5% 77, % 41, % 31, % 34, % 20, % 19, % 86, , Total 312, , Table 14 above shows over 1,877 (67.4%) of the AP contaminated areas are on land with a slope higher than 20%, indicating that most AP contaminated areas will need to be addressed manually. As shown in Table 15 below, over 90% of the areas that contain AT mines are located on relatively flat ground (slopes of 15% or less). The programme s experience in recent years and the improvement in demining technology shows that some specific demining machines such as rippers, rotary mine combs, front end loaders with gill bucked, etc., and manual teams equipped with mine-lab detectors, GPR HSTAMIDS etc., are very effective and demonstrate a higher productivity rate in clearing AT contaminated area. Page 24 of 43

25 Table 15: Slope of remaining AT contamination Slope Population % population No. of hazards % hazard Area % area 0-5% 140, % 87, % 32, % 16, % 4, % 2, % 7, Total 292, , Table 16 below shows that more than 62% of ERW-contaminated areas are on relatively flat ground (slopes of 15% or less). Table 16: Slope of remaining ERW contamination Slope Population % population No. of hazards % hazard Area % area 0-5% 143, % 10, % 7, % 2, % % 1, % 3, Total 169, LAND COVER Based on the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) land cover classification system, land cover is the observed bio-physical cover on the earth's surface and is considered a geographically explicit feature which other disciplines may use as a geographical reference (e.g., for land use, climatic and ecological studies). Land use is characterised by the arrangements, activities and inputs people undertake in a certain land cover type to produce, change or maintain it. Definition of land use in this way establishes a direct link between land cover and the actions of people in their environment. Table 17 below shows the classification of hazards based on the FAO land cover classification system. Based on the analysis, 43.23% of the landmine-affected area is classified as Rangeland (grassland/forbs/low shrubs) and 38.32% as Rock outcrop/bare soil. The third largest category is Irrigated: Intermittently cultivated at 8.83%, followed by Irrigated: Intensively cultivated at 3.93%. The remaining land cover categories represent less than 5.69% of all affected areas. Page 25 of 43

26 Table 17: Remaining contamination by land cover Land cover classification Land cover legend No. of hazards % hazard Area (sq km) 1 Settlements Water bodies Permanent snow A Fruit trees B Vineyards C Gardens A Irrigated: Intensively cultivated (2 Crops/year) B Irrigated: Intensively cultivated (1 Crop/Year) C Irrigated: Intermittently cultivated A Rain-fed crops (flat lying areas) B Rain-fed crops (sloping areas) A Natural forest (closed cover) B Natural forest (open cover) C Degenerate forest/high Shrubs Rangeland (grassland/forbs/low shrubs) 2, A Rangeland (grassland/forbs/low shrubs) A Rocky outcrop /bare soil B Sand covered areas C Sand dunes A Marshland permanently inundated Total 4, % area 2.6. SNOW COVERAGE Snow data records from MODIS Snow covered satellite data 10 shows the high points for snow every month of the year. Using the latest snow high points, to some extent it can be predicted how many hazards will be covered with snow during the peak winter months in Afghanistan. The table below illustrates that 48.1% of the affected area by AP landmines will not be covered or did not record any snow during the peak winter months, indicating mine clearance operations can continue throughout the year. Mine clearance in the remaining 51.9% of the AP hazards is likely to be affected by snow. This should be factored in the project design for clearing AP contaminated areas % of the area affected by AT landmines will not be covered or did not record any snow during the peak winter months. Mine clearance in the remaining 29.57% of AT hazards is likely to be affected by snow. The snow-covered percentage of ERW areas is similar to that of AT contamination. 10 This data is collected under a project is by Information Technology for Humanitarian Assistance, Cooperation and Action ITHACA), Page 26 of 43

27 Table 18: Remaining contamination by snow coverage Hazard % hazards Area (sq km) % area AP No snow 1, Coverage with snow 1, Total 2, AT No snow Coverage with snow Total 1, ERW No snow Coverage with snow Total Page 27 of 43

28 SECTION 3: BUILDING THE 1393 PLAN 1393 is the second year of APMBT 10-year extension request and began in April 2014 (Hamal 1393). The next section describes the process of impact and priority assessment used to build the APMBT 1393 plan PRIORITISATION FOR CLEARANCE Due to the varied nature of contamination in Afghanistan it is not possible to consider the AP problem in isolation from the AT and BF contamination. There are some AT MFs that impact on communities to a greater extent than some AP MFs; such AT MFs should be cleared first. The challenge for Afghanistan is to ensure a reduction in the impact resulting from all types of contamination in the most time-efficient manner possible. Meanwhile, the ERWcontaminated sites pose a direct threat to communities and resulted in more than 71.7% of the casualties among the local population based on the civilian accident reports received in recent years. Every AP MF, AT MF and BF is classified in terms of its impact (high, medium and low) on the community and the result recorded in IMSMA. To enable impact classification, MACCA uses a set of impact indicators with an assigned numeric weighting, which were defined together with DMC, as reflected in Table 19 below. Table 19: Impact indicators Ser Impact indicator Weight factor Remark 1 Known victims linked to hazard High with victims 2 Local authority/villagers requests Requests Further assessment required unless already prioritized according to other criteria 3 Resettlement areas High For example hazards in close proximity to IDP camps 4 Agriculture blocked 2 All blockages are grouped into 5 main categories: (1) 5 Non-Agriculture blocked 1 Agriculture fields (2) Non-agriculture fields (3) Water access 6 Water blocked 3 (4) Other Infrastructure (5) Critical Infrastructure this 7 Infrastructure blocked 2 related to infrastructure such as schools, health clinics and 8 Critical infrastructure blocked 3 mosques. 9 No. of affected families family factor - from VPM (communities > 200 families gets 1) 10 Area size - up to 200,000 sq m relatively more victims - from VPM (Hazards < sq m gets 1) 1 Communities with over 200 families: such communities had 77% more recent victims compared to communities with less than or equal to 200 families. 1 Cumulative Area of hazards Impacting the Community: For each 10,000 square meters increase in total hazard area, up to 200,000 square meters, the recent victim total increased 7%. At and after 200,000 square meters, it levelled out. 11 Small hazards 2 Small hazards could potentially be cleared quickly and therefore could be prioritized to rapidly change the map. 12 Community centres 2 Minefields close to community centres cause high levels of psychological stress to women 13 Anti-personnel minefields on flat land affecting high number of people 2 The majority of the affected population relates to AP only minefields (51%) and those on flat land are quicker to clear so these should be weighted to alleviate the pressure on this large section of the population. 14 Device type: Mine/ERW 2 As highlighted at the beginning of section two, ERW cause the majority of casualties and so these areas should receive a weighting for impact. 15 Distance from the nearest health centre 1 In-case the hazard is located out of 10 km from the nearest health centre it is given one score, because if anyone fall victim, he/she may suffer until reach to the health centre 16 Distance for IDPs 2 If IDPs are located in 5 km buffer zone from the hazard, they come under risk of hazard area Page 28 of 43

29 By applying these weighting factors each hazard is given a score. Hazards with scores above nine are classified as high impact, hazards with scores between six and nine are classified as medium impact and hazards that score five or lower are classified as low impact. Hazards with a recorded casualty linked to them and those that block resettlement are automatically classified as high impact. If local authorities have requested clearance, MACCA Regional Offices will further investigate and, if approved, the hazard will be amended in the dataset as high impact with request. In preparation for the extension request submission in 2012, minefields and battlefields were further analysed and categorised resulting in the allocation of an Ottawa Ranking. The Ottawa Ranking refers to the priority for clearance. The factors used to determine the Ottawa Ranking are shown in Table 20 below. Table 20: Indicators for Ottawa ranking Impact classification factor Victims in the last 2 years High impact with victims beyond 2 years High & medium impact Low Impact with population over 100 Low impact Low impact, top of mountains Ottawa Ranking Any hazard that has caused an accident in the last two years has been given an Ottawa Ranking of 1; this means these hazards will be cleared first. Any hazard that is already classified in IMSMA as high impact and has caused an accident in any time frame beyond two years has been given an Ottawa Ranking of 2 and is the second priority for clearance. All remaining hazards that are already classified as high and medium impact have been given an Ottawa Ranking of 3. All low impact hazards that affect a population of over 100 people have been given an Ottawa Ranking of 4. The remaining low impact hazards have been given an Ottawa Ranking of 5, with the exception of low impact hazards on top of mountains, which have an Ottawa Ranking of 6. Table 21 below shows the results of the Ottawa Ranking for all hazards as of 31March Table 21: Results of Ottawa ranking Ottawa Ranking No. of AP MF Area of AP MF (sq km) No. of AT MF Area of AT MF (sq km) No. of BF Area of BF (sq km) Total no. of hazards Area (sq km) , , Total 2, , As Table 21 shows, 264 out of 402 (66%) Ottawa Ranking 1 hazards are AP MFs, while 310 out of 542 (57%) Ottawa Ranking 2 hazards are AP MFs. In an ideal world, these hazards should have been cleared already and should be given priority for clearance now. However, 74% of these hazards are in areas classified by the United Nations Department of Safety and Security (UNDSS) as having an extreme, high or substantial security risk. Clearance of these hazards is challenging and will require an approach that will ensure the security of demining personnel as far as possible. One such approach is Community Based Demining (CBD), which involves the recruitment of deminers from contaminated communities. CBD enables community members to take ownership of the contamination directly Page 29 of 43

30 affecting them and to benefit financially from an injection of cash into otherwise subsistence economies. The communities themselves have an incentive to ensure the security of the project. Table 21 also demonstrates that 370 AT MFs and BFs are Ottawa Ranking 1 and 2 hazards; these hazards should be cleared before AP MFs with an Ottawa Ranking of 3. Similarly, 343 AT MFs and BFs have an Ottawa Ranking of 3 and should therefore be cleared before AP MFs with an Ottawa Ranking of 4, and so on. This table demonstrates numerically what has been said previously; from a humanitarian perspective, Afghanistan cannot focus only on AP removal at the expense of AT and BF removal. Most of the remaining hazards have an Ottawa Ranking of 5, and are of low impact. This should be heralded as a success; it demonstrates that the right priorities have been followed to date and MAPA implementers have removed most of the high and medium impact contamination. When using these impact and priorities to build projects, stakeholders should note that, if a plan is to be resource efficient, then it is not as simple as putting all Ottawa Ranking 1 hazards into the same project. The process also has to take into account geography and other factors, so an Ottawa project will include various ranks if it makes sense to declare a geographical area free of all recorded mines and ERW PREPARATION OF THE ANNUAL PLAN As of the year 1392, the annual work plan for clearance projects is based on the work plan submitted as part of the Ottawa extension request. M/ERW risk education and VA is based on the priorities of MoPH, MoLSAMD and MoE. The process of coordinating who will implement which part of the APMBT plan will remain the same as before. The process is described below: 1. In July, the MACCA Planning & Programme Department review the MBT projects plan and make sure the dataset is up to date; this involves releasing hazards or projects that were planned for the previous year but were not actually cleared and including them in the dataset once again, incorporating any changes into the hazard impact setting such as recent accidents, local requests, IDPs, adding newly recorded hazards into the projects and removing the cancelled hazards from the MBT projects etc; The Planning & Programme Department then share the project list and its related hazards with IPs as well as MACCA Regional Offices for their review and input in terms of project structure, security and hazards status. 2. DMC/MACCA review national strategic goals, planning influences and priority policies. This process includes consultation with regional authorities through MACCA Regional Offices and testing the continued validity of the APMBT plan; 3. DMC/MACCA issues the updated project list from the APMBT work plan for the following year sorted by priority and encourage IPs to select projects they would aspire to clear in the following year, considering the ideal projects from the next two years in order to be flexible and ensure the widest possible coverage for the programme. 4. The implementers agree between themselves which Ottawa projects or which hazards within a shared MBT project each implementer will clear. Implementers will then submit an aspirational plan of MBT projects they propose to clear. 5. On receiving aspirational plans, MACCA s Planning & Programme Department conduct a macro level assessment to ensure that there is no project overlap and that the projects that will be shared among implementers require the assets suggested. If necessary, MACCA and implementers negotiate changes. MACCA s Planning & Programme Department updates the Planning database to show which projects/hazards will be cleared by which implementer. If one project is aspired by more than one IP, then priority will be given to the IP that is provided bilateral funding first. 6. Implementers will conduct field assessments of the projects for which they have pledged funds to cross check the priority of their proposed hazards to make sure that the impact classification derived from the database is indeed the priority on the ground; they will also make sure that their equipment is fit for the proposed hazards, Page 30 of 43

31 will check the security situation, that the communities and local authorities are in support of the project and that there is no land dispute affecting the proposed hazards. They also complete a standard Field Assessment form for the hazards within a community and obtain the agreement of locals to identify their priorities. 7. Implementers develop project proposals to cover their plans. 8. Implementers submit to MACCA their proposals for review by the Proposal Review Team (PRT), which endorses the proposals if/when they are satisfied with the outputs, outcome and budget. 9. Implementers use proposals and endorsement letters to seek bilateral funds and will advise MACCA s Planning & Programme Department when funds are secured, at which point the Planning & Programme Department updates the database to show that an implementer s aspiration is now funded and will go ahead. 10. UNMAS/MACCA resource mobilise for the VTF and, when funds are available, either pre-select implementers to clear priority projects or run a competitive process for priority projects. Again, when funds are allocated against specific projects, the Planning & Programme Department update the planning database accordingly. 11. MACCA develops the annual national work plan, which details the implementers combined work plans for the year. The following diagram illustrates the process and timeline. Figure 9: Process for annual work plan preparation MACCA /DMC Reviews Strategic Goals & Priority Policy (July) MACCA Develop IOF (30 April Subsequent Year) MACCA issues the Project List Proposed for 2 Years (1393-4) from the AMBTP for the following year (01 August) MACCA/DMC review and endorse proposals (01-31 Dec) IPs select AMBTP projects/parts of projects, de conflict it with each other and submit aspiration plan to MACCA (02 31 Aug) IPs develop Proposal (01 30 Nov) DMC/MACCA reviews/negotiates aspiration plans & Conduct Macro level Assessment (1-30 Sep) IPs Conduct Field Assessment (01-31 Oct) Page 31 of 43

32 3.3. ANTICIPATED 1393 CLEARANCE RESULTS Table 22 below shows the output of proposed 1393 plan based on 2 nd year of the 10 years extension request: Table 22: Proposed output of 1393 Milestone 1393 Target No. of hazards removed AP 558 AT 206 BF 81 Total 845 Area released (sq km) AP 29.5 AT 39.1 BF 15.2 Total 83.7 Number of communities will be declared impact free 208 Number of districts will be declared impact free 41 Number of provinces will be declared impact free 3 Number of impacted communities will be surveyed 168 Number of non impacted communities will be surveyed 2,401 Region impact free 0 The detailed fund pledged and confirmed clearance plan for the year 1393 is attached as Annex A. As at March 2014 out of 63 targeted projects to be cleared in 1393, 20 main projects and 23 sub projects are planned. The plan will be updated whenever the program receives new funding MINE/ERW IMPACT FREE COMMUNITY SURVEY (MEIFCS) As part of the Afghanistan s extension request to the Ottawa treaty, and to obtain the most recent information on the scope of mine/erw problem in each individual community, MACCA launched a nationwide Mine/ERW Impact Free Community Survey (MEIFCS) through some of the mine action implementing partners. MEIFECS includes a nontechnical survey of the contaminated areas, immediate action to destroy known spot ERW endangering the life and safety of the people living in those communities and as well as the provision of key M/ERW RE messages to the communities. The initial plan based on the national gazetteer of recorded communities was to survey 1,726 impacted villages and 30,722 non-impacted villages. The main challenge in the MEIFCS process has been a huge increase in the number of villages not recorded in the gazetteer all over the country, compared to what was initially planned. The MEIFCS teams need to visit and survey all those villages as well. To date, MEIFCS teams have surveyed a total of 1,021 impacted villages and 13,811 non-impacted villages. The MEIFCS teams also managed to visit 20,539 villages that were not recorded in the national gazetteer. So far, MEIFCS teams resurveyed of 1,321 hazardous areas, resulting in a 21.6 sq km decrease in the size of previously known hazards and the cancellation of another 23.9 sq km. In addition, 943 old hazardous areas covering 77 sq km areas that were not recorded have been surveyed and recorded in the national database. MEIFCS operations also resulted in the destruction of 16,897 different types of spot ERW endangering the lives and safety of the communities. During the year 1393, the plan is to complete MEIFCS in 568 impacted communities and 8,677 non-impacted communities (total 9,245 communities). Page 32 of 43

33 Based on past experiences, the main challenge in the MEIFCS process once again will be an increase in the number of communities not included in the national gazetteer all over the country compared to what is initially planned. The implementation of the 1393 MEIFCS plan is also heavily dependent on the availability of funds. Figure 10: Summary of MEIFCS plan and achievement by districts 3.5. FIRING RANGES From 2010 to March 2014, MACCA recorded 82 casualties resulting from Explosive Remnants of War (ERW) accidents in or around NATO/ISAF/International Military (IM) firing ranges, facilities, bases, PRTs, etc. Of the 82 casualties, 23 were fatalities. This steep rise in accidents coincides with the drawdown of NATO/ISAF/IM troops. Accidents have occurred in 12 provinces (out of 34), indicating that the problem is widespread. A contract was awarded by USACE to Sterling Demining Afghanistan (SDA) for the survey and clearance of firing ranges in SDA started the survey and clearance of firing ranges in nine provinces (Balkh, Farah, Kandahar, Khost, Laghman, Paktya, Paktika, Uruzgan and Zabul). 32 firing ranges (FR) covering an area of sq km have been surveyed so far. To date, seven firing ranges have been cleared, while clearance is ongoing in 12. SDA have cleared an area of 47.3 sq km in total and 33,772 items of ERW and 11,965 items of SAA (Small Arms Ammunitions) have been destroyed. As of June 2014, ISAF has indicated that it expects all firing ranges to be cleared in the next 20 months CHALLENGES TO IMPLEMENTATION OF 1393 PLAN 1393 presidential election will halt implementation of the projects for some days/weeks. The second challenge is a shortage in funding, as currently out of the USD 76.9 million required for demining, M/ERW RE, VA and coordination in 1393, only USD 31.8 million USD has been secured. There is a shortfall of USD 45.1 million. Page 33 of 43

34 Nangrahar Kunar Kandahar Hirat Ghazni Faryab Laghman Helmand Khost Baghlan Logar Parwan Maydan Zabul Farah Balkh Paktika Kabul Kapisa Kundoz Paktya Badakhs Badghis Uruzgan Jawzjan Sari Pul Takhar Nimroz Nuristan Samangan Bamyan Daykundi Panjshir SECTION 4: MINE/ERW RISK EDUCATION MACCA continuously analyses M/ERW Risk Education activities with the intent of improving the outreach and outcome of mine/erw RE. Communities are classified for 1393 based on their need for M/ERW RE. Any community that has experienced an accident every year for the past two years is automatically classified as a high priority for mine/erw RE. The remaining communities are classified depending on the scores resulting from the indicators shown in the mine/erw RE tasking criteria and the indicators for targeting the impacted communities. The mine/erw RE tasking criteria and indicators for mine/erw will be reviewed and updated by the 1 st quarter of 1393 and will be communicated to MAPA IPs and other stakeholders conducting mine/erw RE in Afghanistan MINE/ERW RISK EDUCATION DATA ANALYSIS MACCA will target all provinces featured in Figure 12 during 1393, as IDP casualties have been recorded there. Figure 13 below shows the number of conflict incidents that occurred between 2011 and 2013, leaving behind a huge amount of ERW, which has caused more casualties. MACCA is considering these areas for mine/erw RE for 1393 through MAPA and other sources to ensure people are aware of mine/erw threats. Table 23: Communities by impact classification and presence of M/ERW risk education 1393 Regions High, no M/ERW RE High with M/ERW RE Medium, no M/ERW RE Medium with M/ERW RE Low, no M/ERW RE Low with M/ERW RE Central Region Eastern Region South East Region Southern Region Western Region Northern Region North East Region Total ,800 Total Figure 11: Mine/ERW casualties in Page 34 of 43

35 Figure 12: IDP casualties by mine and ERW Mine/ERW IDP causlties Casualties Figure 13: Number of conflict incidents, Source: OCHA Page 35 of 43