Richard Stren Emeritus Professor of Political Science Winter 2016

Transcription

1 POL 471H/POL 2371H Urban Politics. A Transformative Process Richard Stren Emeritus Professor of Political Science Winter 2016 All over the world, cities are becoming both a major platform for political change, as well as an increasingly important site for political contestation. This course will review the literature on the growth and increasingly important political role of cities, then look at theories and concepts mostly from political science that help us to understand this trajectory. While most of the examples in the course will be drawn from North America, case studies of urban politics and governance in other major regions may be considered, depending on the interests of the class. Some central questions in our analysis will be: What is the role of cities (and metropolitan areas) in politics in Canada and the US? Do US theories of urban politics apply to Canadian cities (or to cities elsewhere in the world)? With globalization, are Canadian and US cities becoming more similar? How do cities operate in the international arena? The course will meet once a week, for two hours, in OISE 2281, Tuesdays 4-6 pm. The course will be conducted in a seminar format. In the first part of the course (for the first 9 weeks) the lecturer will begin with a discussion of some issues from the required readings. Students will be expected to read the material before the class, and to complement the lecture with their own ideas. (The required readings are marked with an asterisk [*] and should be available on Blackboard if they are not directly accessible from the Robarts Library). Starting in the third week and up to the ninth week, students will present short bibliographic papers based on the supplementary readings for that week. This assignment will be explained in class, and in a handout. In the final three weeks, we will survey the issues already covered, and then consider drafts of final papers presented by members of the class. The final paper will be approximately pages in length (double- spaced, with correct University of Chicago citations), on a subject of the student s choice relating to the politics of one or two cities in North America. The grade for the course will be made up of three elements. Participation will count for 20%; the bibliographic paper (and its presentation) will count for 30%; and the final paper will count for 50%. (Late papers will be penalized 2% per day, including weekend days.) Detailed guidelines for the writing of the two papers will be distributed early in the course. There is no textbook for this course. However, there are a number of very good books on the market covering either US or Canadian urban politics in general. Here are some of them:

2 Dreier, Peter, John Mollenkopf and Todd Swanstrom Place Matters. Metropolitics for the Twenty- first Century. (Third Edition) Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. Hamilton, David K Governing Metropolitan Areas. Growth and Change in a Networked Age (Second edition). New York: Routledge. Judd, Dennis R. and Todd Swanstrom City Politics (9 th Edition) Boston: Pearson. Ross, Bernard H. and Myron A. Levine Urban Politics. Cities and Suburbs in a Global Age (8 th Edition) New York: M.E. Sharpe. Sancton, Andrew Canadian Local Government (Second edition) Toronto: Oxford University Press. Tindal, Richard, Susan Nobes Tindal and Kennedy Stewart Local Government in Canada (8 th Edition) Toronto: Nelson. We hope you will decide to take this course, but if you wish to drop it, no problem. Just do it before March 13, 2016 so that it doesn t stay on your record. Students are reminded that plagiarism is a serious offense and will lead to severe academic sanctions. To reach the instructor, use e- mail at: restren@gmail.com, cell phone ( ), or office phone ( , x228). The instructor s office is located in Suite 1100, 170 Bloor Street West. The entrance to the building is on the north side of Bloor Street, just opposite the Royal Ontario Museum. Feel free to visit the instructor s office, but make an appointment first, to make sure he is in. Week 1. (January 12) Cities in Transformation *Hall, Peter Cities in civilization. New York: Pantheon Books, pp ; *Jacobs, Jane The Death and Life of Great American Cities New York: Random House, pp.3-23, *Montgomery and Stren, Cities Transformed. Washington, National Academies Press, chapter 3, pp *Mumford, Lewis The city in history. London: Peregrine Books, pp

3 Week 2. (January 19) Globalization and Localization *Clarkson, Stephen Uncle Sam and Us. Globalization, Neoconservatism, and the Canadian State Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Chapter 6, The Municipal State (notes at ). *Robinson, Jennifer Global and World Cities: A View from Off the Map International Journal of Urban and Regional Research Vol (September) *Sassen, Saskia (2 nd ed.). The global city: New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 3-15; *Stren, Richard Urban Governance and Politics in a Global Context: The Growing Importance of Localities in Shahid Yusuf, Simon Evenett, and Weiping Wu, eds. Facets of Globalization. International and Local Dimensions of Development. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, pp Barber, Benjamin Jihad vs. McWorld. (2 nd edition) New York: Ballantine Books Brenner, Neil (1998) "Global cities, glocal states: global city formation and state territorial restructuring in contemporary Europe." Review of International Political Economy 5.1: 1-37 Brenner, Neil New State Spaces. Urban Governance and the Rescaling of Statehood Oxford: Oxford University Press. Cox, Kevin R., (ed.) (1997) Spaces of globalization: Reasserting the power of the local. London: Guilford Press Logan, John Still a global city: the racial and ethnic segmentation of New York. In Globalizing cities, edited by Peter Marcuse and Ronald van Kempen. Oxford: Blackwell, pp McCann, Eugene, and Kevin Ward, eds. (2011) Mobile urbanism: cities and policymaking in the global age. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota Press Peck, Jamie, and Adam Tickell (2002) "Neoliberalizing space." Antipode 34.3: Swyngedouw, Erik (2004) "Globalisation or glocalisation? Networks, territories and rescaling." Cambridge review of international affairs 17.1: Wekerle, Gerda (2004) "Framing feminist claims for urban citizenship." In Lynn Staeheli et al. (eds.) Mapping women, making politics. Feminist perspectives on political geography New York: Routledge: Week 3. (January 26) Elitists and Pluralists: The Early Years of Urban Politics *Dahl, Robert A The Ambiguity of Leadership Chapter 8 in Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City New Haven: Yale University Press, pp *Hunter, Floyd The Structure of Power in Regional City Chapter 4 in Community Power Structure. A Study of Decision Makers Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, pp

4 *Rae, Douglas W A City After Urbanism in Douglas Rae. City. Urbanism and its End. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp , Domhoff, G. William and Hoyt B. Ballard C. Wright Mills and The Power Elite. Boston: Beacon Press. Domhoff, G. William. C. Wright Mills, Power Structure Research, and the Failures of Mainstream Political Science New Political Science 29, 1 (March) Magnusson, Warren The Search for Political Space. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Esp. Part I Looking for Politics pp Saunders, Peter Urban politics. London: Hutchinson. Week 4. (February 2) Decentralization and Suburbanization *Blais, Pamela Sprawl: A Planning Problem, The Costs and Benefits of Sprawl, and Perverse Subsidies, Perverse Cities, in Perverse Cities: Hidden Subsidies, Wonky Policy, and Urban Sprawl, pp and Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. *Neuman, Michael The Compact City Fallacy. Journal of Planning Education and Research 25: *Oliver, Eric Suburban Politics The Oxford Handbook of Urban Politics New York: Oxford University Press, Chapter 30, pp *Sewell, John The Challenge of Unbridled Suburban Growth, in The Shape of the Suburbs: Understanding Toronto s Sprawl, pp Toronto: University of Toronto Press. *Stren, Richard Cities and Politics in the Developing World: Why Decentralization Matters, in The Oxford Handbook of Urban Politics, eds. Karen Mossberger, Susan E. Clarke, and Peter John, pp New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bruegmann, Robert Sprawl: A Compact History, pp Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Bunce, Susannah The Emergence of Smart Growth Intensification in Toronto: Environment and Economy in the New Official Plan. Local Environment 9(2): Burchell, Robert W Sprawl Costs: Economic Impacts of Unchecked Development, pp Washington: Island Press. Campanella, Thomas J Suburbanization and the Mechanics of Sprawl, in The Concrete Dragon: China's Urban Revolution and What it Means for the World, pp New York: Princeton Architectural Press. Duany, Andres, Elizabeth Plater- Zyberk and Jeff Speck Suburban Nation. The Rise of Sprawl and the Decline of the American Dream New York: North Point Press. Ewing, Reid Is Los Angeles Style Sprawl Desirable? Journal of the American Planning 4

5 Association 63(1): Gillham, Oliver The Limitless City: A Primer on the Urban Sprawl Debate, pp Washington, DC: Island Press. Girardet, Herbert Sustainable Cities: A Contradiction in Terms? The Earthscan Reader in Sustainable Cities, ed. David Satterthwaite, pp London: Earthscan. Hoornweg, Daniel, Lorraine Sugar, and Claudia Lorena Trejos Gomez Cities and Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Moving Forward. Environment and Urbanization 23(1): Kotkin, Joel Urban Legend: Why Suburbs, Not Cities, Are the Answer. Foreign Policy (September/October). Kruse, Kevin M White Flight. Atlanta and the Making of Modern Conservatism Princeton: Princeton University Press. Levine, Jonathan Zoned Out: Regulation, Markets, and Choices in Transportation and Metropolitan Land Use. New York: Routledge. Low, Setha Behind the Gates. Life, Security, and the Pursuit of Happiness in Fortress America New York: Routledge. Oliver, Eric Suburban Politics, in The Oxford Handbook of Urban Politics, eds. Karen Mossberger, Susan E. Clarke, and Peter John, pp New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Sharp, Elaine B., Dorothy Daley, and Michael Lynch Understanding Local Adoption and Implementation of Climate Change Mitigation Policy. Urban Affairs Review 47(3): Sorensen, Andre Toronto Megacity: Growth, Planning Institutions, Sustainability, in Megacities: Urban Form, Governance, and Sustainability, eds. Andre Sorensen and Junichiro Okata, pp Tokyo: Springer Verlag. Thomas, G. Scott The United States of Suburbia. How the Suburbs Took Control of Americs and What They Plan to do With It Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books. UN- HABITAT Global Report on Human Settlements, Climate Change and Cities. [Focus on Chps. 5/6 re adaptation and mitigation.] VandeWeghe, Jared R., and Christopher Kennedy A Spatial Analysis of Residential Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Toronto Census Metropolitan Area. Journal of Industrial Ecology 11(2): Week 5.(February 9) Growth Machines, Regimes, Governance and Multilevel Governance *Horak, Martin Conclusion: Understanding Multilevel Governance in Canada s Cities in Martin Horak and Robert Young, eds. Sites of Governance. Multilevel GTovernance and Policy Making in Canada s Big Cities Montreal and Kingston: McGill- Queen s University Press, pp *Molotch, Harvey The City as a Growth Machine. American Journal of Sociology 82, pp

6 *Mossberger, Karen Urban Regime Analysis Chapter 3 in Jonathan Davies and David Imbroscio, eds. Theories of Urban Politics 2 nd Edition. London: Sage. Pp *Pierre, Jon The Challenge of Urban Governance in The Politics of Urban Governance London: Palgrave, Chapter 3, pp Harding, Alan Urban regimes and growth machines: toward a cross- national research agenda. Urban Affairs Quarterly 29(3), pp Harding, Alan Elite theory and growth machines. In Theories of urban politics, edited by David Judge, Gerry Stoker and Harold Wolman. Thousand Oaks: Sage, pp John, Peter Local Governance in Western Europe London: Sage, esp. chapter 1 From Local Government to Local Governance pp.1-24 and chapter 9 Conclusions pp Journal of Urban Affairs Volume 26, No Commentary and Debate: Urban Regime Theory [A collection of good articles on the subject of regime theory] Logan, John R. et. Al The Character and Consequences of Growth Regimes: An Assessment of Twenty Years of Research. In The Urban Growth Machine: Critical Perspectives Two Decades Later edited by Andrew E. G. Jonas and David Wilson. Albany: State University of New York Press. Mossberger, Karen and Gerry Stoker The Evolution of Urban Regime Theory. The Challenge of Conceptualization Urban Affairs Review 36, 6, Peterson, Paul. E City Limits Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Pierre, Jon, ed Debating Governance. Authority, Steering, and Democracy Oxford: Oxford University Press, esp. chaps. 2 Democracy and Governance and chap. 5 Urban Political Science and the Challenge of Urban Governance Sellers, Jefferey Governing from Below. Urban Regions and the Global Economy Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Stoker, Gerry Regime theory and urban politics. In Theories of urban politics, edited by David Judge, Gerry Stoker and Harold Wolman. Thousand Oaks: Sage, pp Stone, Clarence Regime Politics: Governing Atlanta Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press. Stren, Richard The Challenge of Urban Governance in Mark Montgomery, Richard Stren, Barney Cohen, and Holly Reed, eds. Cities Transformed. Demographic Change and Its Implications in the Developing World London: Earthscan, pp Urban Governance in Developing Countries: Experiences and Challenges in Robin Hambleton and Jill Simone Gross, eds. Governing Cities in a Global Era. Urban Innovation, Competition, and Democratic Reform London: Palgrave, 2007, pp

7 Week 6 (February 23) Cities and Electoral Politics in Canada and the US *Clark, Alistair and Timothy B. Krebs Elections and Policy Responsiveness Chapter 6 in The Oxford Handbook of Urban Politics, eds. Karen Mossberger, Susan E. Clarke, and Peter John. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp *Cutler, Fred, and J. Scott Matthews The Challenge of Municipal Voting: Vancouver 2002 Canadian Journal of Political Science 38, 2 (June) *Holbrook, Thomas M. and Aaron C. Weinschenk Campaigns, Mobilization, and Turnout in Mayoral Elections Political Research Quarterly 67 (1) *Trounstine, Jessica Turnout and Incumbency in Local Elections Urban Affairs Review 49 (2) Krebs, T.B The determinants of candidates vote share and the advantages of incumbency in city council elections American Journal of Political Science Vol. 42, pp Pasotti, Eleonora Political Branding in Cities. The Decline of Machine Politics in Bogota, Naples, and Chicago Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Stanwick, Hannah A Megamayor for All People? Voting Behaviour and Electoral Success in the 1997 Toronto Municipal Election Canadian Journal of Political Science 33 (3) Walks, R. Alan The City- Suburban Cleavage in Canadian Federal Politics Canadian Journal of Political Science 38, 2 (June) Walks, Alan The boundaries of suburban discontent? Urban definitions and neighbourhood political effects The Canadian Geographer, No.2, Wood, C Voter turnout in city elections Urban Affairs Review Vol. 38, Week 7 (March 1) Mayors and Leadership *Barber, Bernard. (2013). TED Talk, Why mayors should rule the world, see at: *Sancton, Andrew Canadian Local Government. An Urban Perspective. [Second edition] Toronto: Oxford University Press, pp , Mayors and Local Political Leadership. *Siegel, David Conclusion in Leaders in the Shadows. The Leadership Qualities of Municipal Chief Administrative Officers Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp , [notes]. Barber, Benjamin If Mayors Ruled the World. Dysfunctional Nations, Rising Cities. New 7

8 Haven: Yale University Press, Cuff, George B Cuff's Guide for Municipal Leaders - Vol 2: The case for effective governance St. Thomas, ON: Municipal World. Doolittle, Robin Crazy Town. The Rob Ford Story Toronto: Viking Books. Filion, John The Only Average Guy: Inside the Uncommon World of Rob Ford. Toronto: Random House. Good, Kristin Determinants of Multiculturalism Policies in the Greater Toronto Area in Kristin Good, Municipalities and Multiculturalism. The Politics of Immigration in Toronto and Vancouver Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp Lightbody, James Social Movements, Leadership and the Policy Agenda in City Politics, Canada Toronto: Broadview Press, pp Miller, David and Douglas Arrowsmith Witness to a City. David Miller s Toronto Toronto: Comorant Books. Sapotichne, Joshua and Bryan D. Jones Setting City Agendas: Power and Policy Change in Karen Mossberger, Susan Clarke and Peter John, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Urban Politics Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, [Note: This chapter is part of an e- book that can be accessed through the Robarts Library site.] Slayton, Philip Mayors Gone Bad Toronto: Viking. Touwhey, Mark and Johanna Schneller Mayor Rob Ford: Uncontrollable: How I tried to Help the World s Most Notorious Mayor Toronto: Skyhorse Publishing. Trent, Peter F The Merger Delusion. How Swallowing its Suburbs Made an Even Bigger Mess of Montreal Montreal and Kingston: McGill- Queen s University Press. Urbaniak, Tom Leadership Lessons Chapter 11 in Her Worship: Hazel McCallion and the Development of Mississauga Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp Urbaniak, Tom Studying Mayoral Leadership in Canada and the United States International Journal of Canadian Studies Vol 49, Week 8 (March 8). The Challenge of Metropolitan Governance *Katz, Bruce, and Jennifer Bradley A Revolution Unleashed and Metros as the New Sovereign, in The Metropolitan Revolution: How Cities and Metros are Fixing Our Broken Politics and Fragile Economy, pp. 1-13, Washington: Brookings Institution Press. *Kitchen, Harry Canada: Governance and Finance of the Greater Toronto Area and Metro Vancouver in Enid Slack and Rupak Chattopadhyay, eds. Governance and Finance of Metropolitan Areas in Federal Systems Toronto: Oxford University Press, pp *Sancton, Andrew The Limits of Boundaries: Why City- regions Cannot be Self- governing Montreal and Kingston: McGill- Queen s University Press, pp.1-32, (and notes at , ). 8

9 Collin, JeanPierre and Mélanie Robertson, eds Governing Metropolises: Profiles of Issues and Experiments on Four Continents. Quebec City: Les Presses de l Université Laval. Frisken, Frances Charting a New Course for Regional Governance, in The Public Metropolis: The Political Dynamics of Urban Expansion in the Toronto Region , pp Toronto: Canadian Scholars Press. Hamilton, David K Governing Metropolitan Areas. Growth and Change in a Networked Age [Second edition] New York and London: Routledge. Lefevre, Christian and Margaret Weir Building Metropolitan Institutions, in The Oxford Handbook of Urban Politics, eds. Karen Mossberger, Susan E. Clarke, and Peter John, pp New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. (This volume is available online from Robarts for U of T students.) Orfield, Myron Metropolitics. A Regional Agenda for Community and Stability Washington: Brookings Institution. Norris, Donald, Don Phares and Tonya Zimmerman Metropolitan Government in the United States? Not Now Not Likely. In Don Phares, ed. Governing Metropolitan Regions in the 21 st Century Armonk, NY: ME Sharpe, pp Public Administration and Development Special Issue on Metropolitan Governance Reform. (October), eds. Richard Stren and Robert Cameron. Rao, Nirmala Toronto: A Penchant for Metro Reform and Conclusion in Cities in Transition. Growth, change and governance in six metropolitan areas London: Routledge, pp , Reshaping City Governance. London, Mumbai, Kolkata, Hyderabad London: Routledge. Segbers, Klaus, ed The Making of Global City Regions: Johannesburg, Mumbai/Bombay, São Paulo, and Shanghai. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Slack, Enid and Rupak Chattopadhyay, eds Governance and Finance of Metropolitan Areas in Federal Systems Toronto: Oxford University Press (See especially the article on US metropolitan regions by Vogel and Imbroscio.) Week 9 (March 15) Cities in the International Arena *Barber, Benjamin TED Talk, Why mayors should rule the world, see at: *Beal, Vincent and Gilles Pinson When Mayors Go Global: International Strategies, Urban Governance and Leadership International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 38, 1 (January) *Savitch, H.V. and Paul Kantor Strategies for the International Marketplace Chapter 9 in Cities in the International Marketplace. The Political Economy of Urban Development 9

10 in North America and Western Europe Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp Cabannes, Yves Participatory budgeting: A Significant contribution to participatory democracy Environment and Urbanization 16, 1 (April) Casson, Rebecca and Paolo Dardanelli Local government paradiplomacy in the UK: The case of the Kent- Virginia Project Local Government Studies 38, 5, Milani, Carlos R.S. and Maria Clotilde Meirelles Ribeiro International relations and the paradiplomacy of Brazilian cities: Crafting the concept of local international management Brazilian Administrative Review 8,1, Porto de Oliveira, Osmany Le transfert d un modèle de démocratie participative. Paradiplomatie entre Porto Alegre et Saint- Denis. IHEAL: Aubervilliers, France. Zamorano, Mariano Martin and Arturo Rodriguez Morato The Cultural Paradiplomacy of Barcelona since the 1980s: Understanding transformations in local cultural paradiplomacy International Journal of Cultural Policy 21, 5, Weeks (March 22, March 29, April 5) Overview and Student Presentations of Research Papers. 10