PUBLICATIONS, PRESENTATIONS AND MEDIA INTERVIEWS

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1 PUBLICATIONS, PRESENTATIONS AND MEDIA INTERVIEWS Chapters in Books By Associate Professor Claude Rakisits South Asian Relations (Interview), in Mahendra Gaur (ed), Area Studies: South Asia, Foreign Policy Research Centre, New Delhi, 2017, pp Karachi - A Case Study in Religious and Ethnic Extremism: Implications for Urban Sustainability in Yamini Nayaranan (ed.), Religion and Urbanism: Reconceptualising Sustainable Cities for South Asia, Routledge, Milton Park, Oxon, 2016, pp Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations Post-2014: The Great Unknown, in Mahendra Gaur and India Gaur (eds), Studies on Pakistan, (Country-specific Study Project), Foreign Policy Research Centre, New Delhi, Vol. 2, 2014, pp Australia s Demographic and Geographic Factors: Their Influence on its Foreign Policy in Gyula Csurgai (ed.), Geopolitics and Demography/ Géopolitique et Démographie, Pregny, Suisse, 2013, pp Conflits urbains au Pakistan in Gyula Csurgai, Pierre Pascallon & Alexandre Vautravers (eds.), Conflits en zone urbaine, Geneva, Participation et Progrès, Centre International d Études Géopolitiques & Webster University, 2013, pp The Evolution of the Pakistani Taliban in Michael Clarke and Ashutosh Misra (eds.), Pakistan s Stability Paradox: Domestic, Regional and International Dimensions, Oxon and New York, Routledge, 2012, pp Why Pakistan is important to the World A View from Down Under, in Col Harjeet Singh (ed.), South Asia Defence and Strategic Yearbook, New Delhi, Pentagon Press, 2010, pp Pakistan s Tribal Areas: A Critical No-Man s Land in Alexandre Vautravers (ed.), Globalization of Security Trends and Perspectives, Webster University Geneva, Switzerland, 2008, pp The Darfur Conflict: What is it about and what is at stake?, in Gyula Csurgai (ed.), Geopolitics Schools of Thought, Method of Analysis, Case Studies, International Centre for Geopolitical Studies, Editions de Penthes, Geneva, 2009, pp

2 Pakistan Afghanistan: Breaking the Taliban Connection in Alexandre Vautravers (ed.), Globalization of Security Trends and Perspectives, Webster University Geneva, Switzerland, 2008, pp Developments in Bangladesh, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1998 Book of the Year, 1999, pp Developments in Bhutan, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1998 Book of the Year, 1999, p Developments in Myanmar, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1998 Book of the Year, 1999, p Developments in Nepal, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1998 Book of the Year, 1999, p Developments in Sri Lanka, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1998 Book of the Year, 1999, p Sri Lanka s Liberation Tigers, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1998 Book of the Year, 1999, p Developments in Bangladesh, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1997 Book of the Year, 1998, pp Developments in Bhutan, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1997 Book of the Year, 1998, p Developments in Myanmar, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1997 Book of the Year, 1998, pp Developments in Sri Lanka, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1997 Book of the Year, 1998, pp Developments in Nepal, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1997 Book of the Year, 1998, p Developments in Bangladesh, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1996 Book of the Year, 1997, pp Developments in Bhutan, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1996 Book of the Year, 1997, p. 397.

3 Developments in Myanmar, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1996 Book of the Year, 1997, p Developments in Nepal, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1996 Book of the Year, 1997, p Developments in Sri Lanka, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1996 Book of the Year, 1997, pp Developments in Bangladesh, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1995 Book of the Year, 1996, p Developments in Bhutan, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1995 Book of the Year, 1996, p Developments in Nepal, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1995 Book of the Year, 1996, p Developments in Myanmar, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1995 Book of the Year, 1996, p Developments in Sri Lanka, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1995 Book of the Year, 1996, pp The Gulf Crisis: Failure of Preventive Diplomacy, in Kevin Clemins and Robin Ward (eds.), Building International Community (Cooperating for Peace Case Studies), Allen & Unwin 1994, pp Australia and the Persian Gulf Conflict: The Public Perception of the War, in Robert H. Bruce (ed.), Australia and the Indian Ocean, Studies in Indian Ocean Maritime Affairs, No 1, Centre for Indian Ocean Regional Studies, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, 1988, pp Journal Articles US-Pakistan Relations Remain as Critical as Ever, Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, 9 June A Path to the Sea: China s Pakistan Plan, World Affairs, Fall 2015, pp Pakistan: The Odd Man Out in its Own Region, Griffith Asia Quarterly, Vol. 1, No 2/3, 2013, pp

4 Pakistan China bilateral relations : A deepening but cautious partnership, Security Challenges, Vol. 8, No. 3, September 2012, pp Pakistan's twin interrelated challenges: economic development and security, Australian Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 66, No. 2, April 2012, pp Pakistan-US bilateral relations: a difficult road ahead, Australian Defence Force Journal, No 183, Nov-Dec 2010, pp L Afghanistan et le Pakistan: La poudrière régionale, La Revue Militaire Suisse, Numéro 3, mai/juin 2009, pp Child Soldiers in the East of the Democratic Republic of Congo, Refugee Survey Quarterly (Vol 27, Number 4, 2008, pp ). National Integration in Pakistan under President Zia-ul-Haq: The Government s and the Opposition s Approaches, Pacific Affairs, Vol 61, No 1, Spring 1988, pp Think-tank articles Pakistan and Afghanistan: Russia s Back in the Neighbourhood, Australian Outlook, (Analysis), 28 May How America is about to lose Pakistan, South Asia Democratic Forum Comment, No 115, 29 January Pakistan: The Rise of religious extremism, South Asia Democratic Forum Comment, No 110, 11 December Pakistan s release of LeT head: bad idea, wrong signals, The Strategist, (Australian Strategic Policy Institute), 29 November Pakistan post-sharif: expect little change, The Strategist, (Australian Strategic Policy Institute), 15 August Trump s Afghanistan surge: a sense of déjà vu, The Strategist, (Australian Strategic Policy Institute), 16 June Putin s Russian roulette in Afghanistan, The Strategist, (Australian Strategic Policy Institute), 10 May Pakistan-Iran Bilateral Relations: More Growth but not close - Part One: Afghanistan, India and China, Future Directions International, 23 March 2017.

5 Pakistan-Iran Bilateral Relations: More Growth but not close; Part Two: Saudi Arabia and Balochistan, Future Directions International, 28 March Trump's 'Muslim ban' makes Pakistan nervous", The Strategist, (Australian Strategic Policy Institute), 6 February Why Trump has rattled the Land Down Under", The Diplomat, 15 December Trump's fantastic phone call with Pakistan's PM", The Strategist (Australian Strategic Policy Institute), 8 December Balochistan: Pakistan's soft underbelly, The Strategist, (Australian Strategic Policy Institute), 10 August Afghanistan: Obama's last and reluctant troop decision, The Strategist, (Australian Strategic Policy Institute), 8 July Letter from Washington: back to the future with Clinton's foreign policy, The Strategist, (Australian Strategic Policy Institute), 20 June The fallout from the assassination of Mullah Mansour, The Strategist (Australian Strategic Policy Institute), 25 May Letter from Washington: America's Saudi Dilemma, The Strategist (Australian Strategic Policy Institute), 19 May Letter from Washington: Trump's bizarre and dangerous foreign policy, The Strategist (Australian Strategic Policy Institute), 13 April Pakistan's bloody Easter Sunday, The Interpreter (Lowy Institute for International Policy), 30 March Letter from Washington: Syria, the ceasefire and how Putin outfoxed Obama, The Strategist (Australian Strategic Policy Institute), 15 March Letter from Washington: Afghanistan and the changing of the American guard, The Strategist (Australian Strategic Policy Institute), 11 February Letter from Washington: Saudi Arabia, Iran and America s new Middle East headache, The Strategist (Australian Strategic Policy Institute), 13 January 2016.

6 The terrorist attack on Pathankot: What does it mean?, The Interpreter (Lowy Institute for International Policy), 6 January Letter from Washington: The COP21 agreement and America s mixed reaction, The Strategist (Australian Strategic Policy Institute), 17 December Letter from Washington: The Paris attacks and America s response, The Strategist (Australian Strategic Policy Institute), 20 November Letter from Washington: Russia, Syria and America s feeble response, The Strategist (Australian Strategic Policy Institute), 26 October Letter from Washington: The Xi-Obama Summit, no lovefest, Australian Outlook, (Australian Institute of International Affairs), 1 October Letter from Washington: The war no one wants to hear about, The Strategist (Australian Strategic Policy Institute), 9 September Letter from Washington: The Iran Deal now for the hard part, The Strategist (Australian Strategic Policy Institute), 13 August How China Could Become a Two-Ocean Power (Thanks to Pakistan), The National Interest, 12 June Death penalty returns to Pakistan, Advancing Together (LexisNexis), Vol. 4, Issue 1, June 2015, pp Pakistan s Controversial Yemen Decision, Future Directions International, 21 April Pakistan: Things just got much worse, The Strategist (Australian Strategic Policy Institute), 22 December Pakistan: The State of Terror, Foreign Policy, 7 November Karachi airport attack: Pakistan faces an existential threat, The Interpreter, (Lowy Institute for International Policy), 11 June The War on the Pakistani Taliban: Some Good News of Sorts, Future Directions International, 4 June What does the Modi election mean for India-Pakistan relations, The Strategist (Australian Strategic Policy Institute), 22 May 2014.

7 Pakistan: Why war with the Taliban is now the only option, The Interpreter (Lowy Institute for International Policy), 6 March Talking with Taliban won t end Pakistan s existential threat, The Conversation, 13 February Taliban leader s drone-attack death complicates Pakistan s politics, The Interpreter (Lowy Institute for International Policy), 5 November Pakistan s Policy Objectives in the Indian Ocean Region, Future Directions International, Strategic Analysis Paper, 2 September Indo-Pakistan relations under Sharif Room for optimism?, Future Directions International, 12 June Another drone kill in Pakistan, The Strategist (Australian Strategic Policy Institute), 4 June Talking to the Taliban: Pakistan s historic election promises fundamental change, The Conversation, 13 May John Kerry and Pakistan: The Road Ahead, The Strategist (Australian Strategic Policy Institute), 6 February Pakistan-China Relations: Bumps on the Road to Shangri-La, Future Directions International, Strategic Analysis Paper, 13 November The third debate and the nagging Afghan-Pakistan question, The Conversation, 24 October Pakistan to Tackle Taliban in North Waziristan Counter-insurgency Operation, Future Directions International, 22 August Pakistan blockade: US convoys are not going anywhere soon, The Conversation, 14 June The End Game in Afghanistan: Pakistan s Critical Role, Future Directions International, 21 May Karachi violence putting NATO troops in Afghanistan at risk, The Conversation, 23 September 2011.

8 US aid cuts won t hit Pakistan where it hurts, The Conversation, 15 July Pakistan's Military Riled by the Kerry-Lugar Bill World Politics Review, 9 October The Afghanistan-Pakistan Vortex A three-part article on the security situation in the Afghanistan-Pakistan frontier area June Engaging Pakistan, Policy Brief, (Lowy Institute for International Policy), December Sudan s Darfur: Peace or more war on the horizon?, ASPI Strategic Insights (Australian Strategic Policy Institute) August Pakistan s Musharraf: Playing a Balancing Act, ASPI Strategic Insights (Australian Strategic Policy Institute) November Newspaper articles Pakistan must come to party on fighting terror or pay the price, The Australian, 27 October Erdogan to take even harder line after win in Turkey s election, The Weekend Australian, 7 November Saudi Arabia: A Sense of Siege, Defence Journal, February 2015, Vol. 17, No. 7, pp Pakistan s long-term stability remains concern to the US, The Australian, 25 September Sharif's triumph poses problems for Washington, The Australian, 14 May There ll be a Price to Pay for Terror Listing, The Australian, 10 September Bounty on Pakistan will not pay off, The Australian, 11 April Pakistan should have its share too, Dawn.com, 6 December Obama must assist Pakistan, not punish it, The Australian, 20 June 2011.

9 Blood money deal to free American leaves a bitter taste, The Weekend Australian, March World cannot allow Pakistan to collapse, The Australian, 12 October Disaster takes Pakistan close to collapse, The Age, 12 August Pakistan's political cancer grows, The Australian, 8 July Congo's 50 years of utter misery, The Age, 5 July Pakistan stands to win from capture of Taliban leader, The Age, 23 February Obama s plan a real worry for Pakistan, The Age, 10 December US has a difficult PR battle in volatile Pakistan, The Sydney Morning Herald, 3 November Taliban down but not yet out, The Australian, 10 August Battle with the Bad Guys, The Australian, 17 June Pakistan avoids the Abyss for now, The Australian Financial Review, 18 March Zardari not up to the Challenge, The Australian Financial Review, 22 September One coup too many in a fragile land, The Australian Financial Review, 7 November Security trumps in Pakistan, The Australian, 8 October Crucial Messages for a Strategic ally, The Australian Financial Review, 22 November West has no choice with Musharraf, The Australian Financial Review, 20 October Australia and the Indian Ocean, Asian Wall Street Journal, 7 March Howard s Australia is more Asian than ever, Asian Wall Street Journal, 24 April 1996.

10 Democracy may finally get its chance, The Sydney Morning Herald, 19 August Son of Islam Soldiers On, The Sydney Morning Herald, 15 July Other publications Australia and Asia, (Book review of Greg Sheridan s Living with Dragons: Australia Confronts its Asian Destiny, Allen & Unwin, 1995) in IPA Review, Vol 48, No 2, 1995, pp Terrorism and Justice, (Book review of R.C. Smith s Ethics and Informal War, Vantage Press, 1990) in IPA Review, Vol 45, No 3, 1992, pp Conflict in Southern Africa: Recent Domestic, Regional and International Developments, Background Paper, Legislative Research Service, Department of the Parliamentary Library, Canberra, November Pakistan: The Decade of General Zia-ul-Haq, Background Paper, Legislative Research Service, Department of the Parliamentary Library, Canberra, August The Gulf Conflict: Recent Developments and International Implications, Current Issues Paper, No 10, , Legislative Research Service, Department of the Parliamentary Library, Canberra, January Public presentations Identity, Diplomacy and Security in Pakistan, Presentation to the Centre for Strategic and Defence Studies, Australian Defence College, 17 July Diplomacy and Security in Pakistan, Presentation to the Centre for Strategic and Defence Studies, Australian Defence College, 18 June Diplomacy and Security in Pakistan, Presentation to the Centre for Strategic and Defence Studies, Australian Defence College, 17 June Diplomacy and Security in Pakistan, Presentation to the Centre for Strategic and Defence Studies, Australian Defence College, 9 April Identity, Diplomacy and Security in Pakistan, Presentation to the Centre for Strategic and Defence Studies, Australian Defence College, 8 April Pakistan-US relations: Where are they heading?, Address to the Centre for Muslim States and Societies, University of Western Australia, Perth, 9 October 2012.

11 Australia s Foreign Policy, Seminar presentation, Ministry of Information, Islamabad, Pakistan, 13 June The Pakistan Dilemma: Why the world should care, Address to the National Defence University, Islamabad, 11 June Identity, Diplomacy and Security in Pakistan, Presentation to the Centre for Strategic and Defence Studies, Australian Defence College, 7 April The End Game in Afghanistan: Pakistan s Role, Address to the Australian Institute of International Affairs (ACT Branch), Canberra, 1 February Identity, Diplomacy and Security in Pakistan, Presentation to the Centre for Strategic and Defence Studies, Australian Defence College, 6 April Pakistan in Crisis, address to the Australian Institute of International Affairs (Victoria Branch), Melbourne, 6 October Identity, Diplomacy and Security in Pakistan, Presentation to the Centre for Strategic and Defence Studies, Australian Defence College, 5 April Australia s Demographic and Geographic Factors: Their Influence on its Foreign Policy, Paper presented at the international symposium on Geopolitics and Demography, organized by the International Centre for Geopolitical Studies, Geneva, 17 April Pakistan s Development and Security Challenges: an Outsider s Perception, Address to the National Defence University, Islamabad, 23 February Urban Conflict in Pakistan, Paper presented at the conference on Conflicts and Emergencies in Urban Areas, organized by the International Centre for Geopolitical Studies, the Department of International Relations, Webster University, and Participation et Progrès, Geneva, 30 January The Darfur Conflict: What is it about, who is involved and what is at stake? Seminar presentation to the Annual Summer University Course 2008, International Centre for Geopolitical Studies, Geneva, 15 July Pakistan s Tribal Areas: A Critical No-Man s Land, Paper presented at the Webster Security Forum, organised by the Department of International Relations, Webster University, Geneva, 25 April 2008.

12 A New Government in Pakistan A New Policy on Afghanistan? Address delivered at the Defence and Strategic Studies Department, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 9 April Child Soldiers in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, Paper presented at the 13th International Humanitarian Conference, organised by Webster University under the Auspices of the Government of the Canton of Geneva, Geneva, 21 February The Darfur Conflict: What is it about and what is at stake? Seminar presentation to the Annual Summer University Course 2007, International Centre for Geopolitical Studies, Geneva, 19 July Afghanistan: Five Years after the Taliban How do we fix it?, Seminar presentation, School of Diplomacy and International Relations, Geneva, 10 February Pakistan Afghanistan: Breaking the Taliban Connection, Paper presented at the Webster Security Forum, organised by the Department of International Relations, Webster University, Geneva, 2 February India-Pakistan Relations The Way Forward: An Australian Perspective, Paper presented at the Third Australia-India Security Roundtable, Chandigarh, India, 7-8 October The Nuclearization of South Asia and Its Strategic Consequences for the Asia-Pacific Region: An Australian Perspective, Paper co-authored with Allan Behm and presented at the conference, Nuclearization of the Indian Ocean States, sponsored by the Center for the Study of Global Change, Indiana University, 1-2 March Security and Trade Dimensions in the Indian Ocean: the View from Australia, Paper presented at the Indian Ocean Connections: Land, Peoples and History conference sponsored by the Middle East Institute, the Southern Asian Institute, the Institute of African Studies and the Camoes Centre for the Study of the Portuguese-speaking world, Columbia University, New York, 10 Feb Australia and the Persian Gulf Conflict: The Public Perception of the War, Paper presented at the Australia and the Indian Ocean Seminar, organised by the Centre for Indian Ocean Regional Studies, Freemantle, March National Integration in Pakistan: A Research Scholar s View, Seminar presentation to Cadets, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Islamabad, Pakistan, November 1983.

13 Interviews Chabahar Port holds its own (Interview), Ports and Harbors, March-April 2018, p.23. Pakistan pushed into China s embrace as US cuts military aid (Interview), Defense News, 8 January Radio interview with the ABC's Radio National Drive Program on 3 January 2018 to discuss Washington s decision to cut-off military and economic aid to Pakistan. New frigate and corvettes for Pakistan, (Interview), Defense News, 27 December Television interview on Zain Khan s Tactical Talk on 28 November to discuss Russia s role in Central Asia. Russia-Pakistan Drills: Anti-Terrorist Superpower Alliance (Interview), ValueWalk, 25 September China lodges diplomatic protest after Trump s call with Taiwan s president (Interview), American Broadcasting Corporation, 3 December Television interview with Aljazeera on 7 October 2016 to discuss the latest developments in The Philippines. The US and the Philippines: A complicated Friendship (Interview), American Broadcasting Corporation, 4 October Twilight in Kabul (Interview), The Friday Times, 5 August Additional F-16s for Pakistan May Hit Hurdles, Defense News, 16 March Little of Substance in Pak-US Dialogue (Interview), Defense News, 4 March Pakistan Launches Final Drive on Taliban Bastion (Interview), Defense News, 24 February Radio interview with the ABC's The World Today on 21 January 2016 to discuss the terrorist attack on a university in Pakistan. What can Pakistan s security services learn from university attack by Taliban? (Interview), Defense News, 20 January 2016.

14 Radio interview with the ABC's Radio National on 13 January 2016 to discuss the capture of 10 US sailors by Iran's Revolutionary Guard. US Congress Moves against Pakistani F-16 Deal (Interview), Defense News, 12 January Transport project with China could boost economy (Interview), Asian Review, 24 December Pakistan Army Chief: Finish the Job Against the Taliban (Interview), Defense News, 11 November Border Post Attack Kills Pakistani Military Soldiers (Interview), Defense News, 27 October Pakistan Success Against Taliban May be Elusive (Interview), Defense News, 26 August Taking Root (Interview), Geographical Magazine, July Iraq, Afghanistan forces struggling despite years of U.S. investment, training (Interview), The Washington Times, 20 May Afghanistan, Pakistan Security Pledge (Interview), Defense News, 14 May Pakistan to Aid Saudi Coalition in Yemen (Interview), Defense News, 30 March Taliban 'Far From Being a Spent Force (Interview), Atlantic Council Blog, 29 January Analysts: Changes Needed in Wake of Pakistan School Attack (Interview), Defense News, 21 December Television interview with France24 on 17 December 2014 to discuss the aftermath of the Taliban s school massacre in Peshawar. Coalition Troops Officially End Combat Mission in Afghanistan Amid Growing Security Concerns (Interview), Atlantic Council Blog, 10 December Pakistan's National Security Committee To Discuss Strategy as Indo-Pak Tensions Grow (Interview), Defense News, 10 October 2014.

15 Base Security, Sub Fleet Improvement Among Challenges for Pakistan's New Navy Chief (Interview), Defense News, 8 October Pakistan Welcomes Afghan-US Bilateral Security Pact; Analysts Uncertain (Interview), Defense News, 2 October Radio interview with Voice of America, Washington Anxiously Watching Pakistan Protests, 22 August Analysts: Pakistan Set for Drawn Out Anti-Terrorist Conflict (Interview), Defense News, 17 June Analysts: Pakistan Airport Attack Could Be First of Many (Interview), Defense News, 9 June US Congress Stymies Pakistani Naval Modernization Efforts (Interview), Defense News, 17 April Television interview on Pakistan s Geo News on 3 April 2014 to discuss the impact of the $10 million cut of aid to Pakistan. Dismay at Pakistan's Acceptance of Taliban Cease-Fire (Interview), Defense News, 4 March Television interview on Sky News s Night News Program on 23 October 2013 to discuss the Pakistan-US bilateral relationship in the lead up to the President Obama-Prime Minister Sharif meeting in Washington. Television interview on Sky News s Night News Program on 25 September 2013 to discuss the significance of the latest terrorist attacks in Pakistan. Radio interview on 2SER (Independent Sydney University current affairs community radio) to discuss the Pakistani election results, 16 May Television interview on Sky News s Night News Program on 13 May 2013 to discuss the significance of the Pakistani elections. Television interview on Australia s ABC s Weekend Breakfast Program on 12 May 2013 for an analysis of the 11 May elections in Pakistan. Radio interview with Melbourne-based SYN Media on 9 November 2012 to discuss Obama, Drones and Pakistan.

16 Pakistan, Afghanistan and the Future (Interview), Future Directions International, 1 November Radio interview for the ABC s PM current affairs radio program on 10 September 2012 for an analysis of the US decision to designate the Haqqani Network a terrorist organization. Radio interview on The Wire (Independent Australian current affairs community radio), on 29 Nov. 2011NATO to discuss the air strike a bump in the road in US-Pakistan relations. US Freeze on Pakistani funds could backfire, Analysts say (Interview), Defense News, 25 July Radio interview on the ABC s Radio Australia Connect Asia program on 15 February 2011 for an analysis of blasphemy laws in Pakistan. Considered Opinion, Interview with The News on Sunday (Pakistan), 22 November Television interview with Pakistan Television (PTV) Guest Book programme, on 20 February 2009 to discuss current political developments in Pakistan. Television interview on Australia s ABC s Asia-Pacific Program on 24 November 2005 for an analysis of the situation in Pakistan following the massive November earthquake. Radio interview on the ABC s Country Hour current affairs program on 12 May 1994 for an analysis of developments in Yemen s civil war. Television interview on the ABC s Four Corners current affairs program on 22 August 1988 for an analysis of the situation in Pakistan following the assassination of President Zia-ul-Haq.