Year 11 History Easter Revision 10 th April 2017
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1 Year 11 History Easter Revision 10 th April 2017
2 What is this? Why is it good for Batman?
3 What do the following words mean? Utility The state of being useful Reliability The quality of being trustworthy
4 Unit 1: International Relations: The Era of the Cold War, Question 3: Utility Think about how relevant the information in the source is, but also consider its reliability. Monday 5 th June AM
5 What two areas do we look at to assess a source s usefulness? Provenance (NOP) N O P What does the source tell us about the topic stated in the question? What do you know to support/disprove this? Judgement based on evaluation of the nature/origin/ purpose of the sources and on the usefulness of the sources information. Assessing the contribution the sources can make to the specific enquiry.
6 Highlight the command and content words
7 The Second Cold War The New Leaders In 1980, Ronald Reagan an ex-film star, became president of the USA. Strong anti-communist Called USSR Empire of Evil Introduced massive budget increases on military and weapons development In 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev became leader of the USSR. Wanted to improve living conditions and industrial efficiency in USSR Moved towards giving people greater political freedom Understood the crippling effects of keeping up with US spending The Second Cold War Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) Strategic Defence Initiative (SDI) A phrase used to describe the period between 1979 and 1985 which marked a new low in superpower relations. As in the late 1950s and early 1960s the public was extremely concerned about the possibility of nuclear war. This was reflected in television shows and popular cultures e.g. American movie The Day After (1983). President Reagan Détente had fallen apart under President Carter- however Reagan had no intention of putting it back together. He believed it was time for America to start fighting again as he wanted to win the Cold War. The American media were not convinced that Reagan was a suitable leader; as he was famous for starring in low- budget 1950s movies, who know nothing of world affairs and was unqualified to be American President. What did Reagan s Evil Empire speech lead to? Nevertheless, Reagan had strong ideas on future of the Cold War E.g. he believed that Détente had been a disaster for the USA; he thought it made USA weak and allowed USSR to grow stronger. Reagan rejected the idea of a peaceful co-existence with USSR; he believed it was America s destiny to fight for freedom. Evil Empire Reagan s views were shown in his famous Evil Empire speech in March Reagan was a Christian and gave his speech at National Association of Evangelicals, a Christian organisation. Crisis in the USSR Reagan argued that the Cold War was a fight between good and evil- and that America fought for God s blessing. Reagan urged Americans not to: ignore facts of history and the aggressive impulses of an evil empire, and to remove yourself from the struggle between right and wrong and good and evil. Reagan s point was that the Cold War was a moral war and that America had a moral duty to invest in new nuclear weapons in order to defend liberty from the evil Soviet Union.
8 Provenance Source B Provenance Source C Annotate sources for provenance and content.
9 Key Provenance Supporting Statements Reference to Q Both sources are useful because of their content. Source B shows Reagan praising the Western Alliance and its success. Reagan stood firm when he met Soviet leaders he was tough with them, challenged them and introduced Star Wars. And thus Gorbachev changed his views. Source C indicates the Soviet Union had problems over the years and how they had an impact on the country. They do help in showing why Gorbachev changed his attitudes in the Cold War because the Soviet Union did not have the money or technology to compete with Star Wars. There has to be some doubt about Source B because it is a speech to West Berliners. Reagan wanted to show his toughness had been successful and so the speech had a distinct purpose. He also wanted to remind West Berliners of Kennedy s speech. Source C shows Gorbachev trying to justify his actions as Soviet leader in a letter/speech he knew would be listened to by much of the world. He is careful not to mention the robust attitude of Reagan or its impact nor other reasons why he changed his attitude in the Cold War. e.g. nationalities and his desire to modernise the country. Hence there are limitations. Hence the sources are of use but the information and provenance must be looked at with some scepticism.
10 Highlight the command and content words
11 The Formation of NATO (1949) This military alliance contained most of the states in western Europe as well as the USA and Canada. Its main purpose was to defend its members. If one member was attacked, the other members would help to defend it. It was aimed to keep USA in and USSR out. When the USSR developed its own atomic bomb in 1949, NATO seemed even more important to the defence of western Europe, since at the time no western European country had atomic weapons. The NATO was a military alliance- against communism and defending the west The importance of NATO The USA was now formally committed to the defence of western Europe. Stalin did not see it as a defensive alliance but as a direct threat to the USSR. The USA was able to build air bases in western Europe where planes armed with nuclear weapons could be stationed ready for use against the Union.
12 Provenance Source B Provenance Source C Annotate sources for provenance and content.
13 How useful are sources B and C as evidence of the reasons for the USA s involvement in the formation of NATO in 1949? You have 15 minutes to answer the above question. Complete the following paragraph for both sources: Source _ is written/published/produced/a cartoon (etc.) by. The target audience is and the purpose of the source is to. Therefore the author is likely to. Consequently, I believe that this makes the source useful/not useful as evidence of the USA s involvement in the formation of NATO. From my own knowledge I know that. The information in source is useful/not useful as evidence of USA s involvement in the formation of NATO. The source tells us. This suggests. From my own knowledge I know that. CONCLUSION: Which source is the most useful and why?
14 Unit 3: War and the transformation of British Society c Question 4: Reliability Think about who created the source, their intentions, how much you can trust what they say. Thursday 20 th June AM
15 What two areas do we look at to assess a source s reliability? Provenance (NOP) N O P What does the source tell us about the topic stated in the question? What do you know to support/disprove this? Judgement based on evaluation of the nature/origin/ purpose of the sources and on the usefulness of the sources information. Assessing the contribution the sources can make to the specific enquiry.
16 Highlight the command and content words
17 Recruitment for the Armed Forces Pals Battalions Derby Scheme Conscription
18 Provenance Source D Provenance Source E Annotate sources for provenance and content.
19 Key Provenance Supporting Statements Reference to Q Source D is less reliable because it was published in a newspaper with the purpose of encouraging more men to volunteer for the armed forces. Newspapers were censored by the government and were used to increase morale in the early months of the war. This newspaper would have been encouraged to choose a recruitment office where there were a significant number of volunteers. Source E is reliable because the recruiting sergeant suggests that men were less willing to volunteer by This was the case with a significant fall in recruitment by the end of 1915 due to greater awareness in Britain of the situation on the Western Front, where there was stalemate and high casualties. Also, as the war went on, men could earn very high wages in war-related industries.
20 Highlight the command and content words
21 The General Strike Tuesday 4 May A general strike is called by the Trades Union Congress (TUC) to support the miners in their quarrel with the mine owners, who want to reduce their wages by 13 per cent and increase their shifts from seven to eight hours. Huge numbers of road transport, bus, rail, docks, printing, gas and electricity, building, iron, steel, chemicals and coal workers stay off work. JH Thomas, a trade unionist and MP, says: 'God help us unless the government wins'. Wednesday 5 May - The government acts aggressively against the strike and tries to exert greater control over the media. It attempts to take control of the BBC and publishes a newspaper - 'The British Gazette'. The government also sends a warship to Newcastle, and recruits 226,000 special policemen Thursday 6 May - Middle-class volunteers get some buses and trains, and the electricity working. A few buses are set on fire, and there are fights between police and strikers in London, Glasgow and Edinburgh. Stanley Baldwin, the prime minister, declares the strike an attack on Britain's democracy. Saturday 8 May - Police make baton-charges on rioting strikers in Glasgow, Hull, Middlesbrough, Newcastle and Preston. The number of volunteers increases. The army escorts food lorries from the London docks. Secretly, JH Thomas has talks with the mine owners. Sunday 9 May - The Roman Catholic Church declares the strike 'a sin'. Monday 10 May - Some textile workers join the strike. Strikers in Northumberland derail the Flying Scotsman train. Baldwin declares that Britain is 'threatened with a revolution', and the government arrests 374 Communists. Tuesday 11 May - The TUC, led by JH Thomas, calls off the strike. The strikers are taken by surprise, but drift back to work. The miners struggle on alone until November when they are forced to go back to work for less pay and longer hours. Notes Friday 7 May - Police and strikers clash in Liverpool, Hull and London. The government calls the army to London. It also seizes all supplies of paper, which hinders publication of the TUC's paper, 'The British Worker'. The TUC is embarrassed when Russian trade unionists send a large donation and it is sent back.
22 Source D Source E Provenance Provenance Annotate sources for provenance and content.
23 How reliable are Sources D and E as evidence of the activities of the strikers during the General Strike? You have 15 minutes to answer the above question. Complete the following paragraph for both sources: Source _ is written/published/produced/a cartoon (etc.) by. The target audience is and the purpose of the source is to. Therefore the author is likely to. Consequently, I believe that this makes the source reliable/not reliable as evidence of the activities of the strikers during the General Strike. From my own knowledge I know that. The information in source is reliable/not reliable as evidence of the activities of the strikers during the General Strike. The source tells us. This suggests. From my own knowledge I know that. CONCLUSION: Which source is the most useful and why?
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