Shaken to the Roots Shaken to the Roots Deeper into Vietnam Escalation Fighting in Nam From Dissent to Confrontation

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1 Shaken to the Roots Deeper into Vietnam What were the consequences of the growing U.S. war in Vietnam? New Voices What conflicting social values and goals divided Americans in the 1960s? Cities Under Stress What challenges did cities face in the late 1960s and 1970s? Shaken to the Roots The Year of the Gun, 1968 How did the Tet Offensive change American public opinion about the war in Vietnam? Nixon, Watergate, and the Crisis of the Early 1970s What was the legacy of Richard Nixon s presidency? Jimmy Carter: Idealism and Frustration in the White House What factors limited Jimmy Carter s effectiveness as president? From a Great Society to a Conservative One: Watergate The Women s Movement Jimmy Carter Deeper into Vietnam Escalation Fighting in Nam From Dissent to Confrontation Escalation ROLLING THUNDER Strategy: search and destroy 1

2 Strategy: search and destroy Viet Cong War of liberation Fighting in Nam Troops in Vietnam peaked at 500,000 Long tours of duty Exacerbated racial tensions From Dissent to Confrontation Antiwar demonstrations Martin Luther King, Jr. Selective Service System Young draftees Draft resistance Explore the Vietnam War on MyHistoryLab New Voices New Left and Community Activism Youth Culture and Counterculture Communes Grassroots Conservatism The Feminist Critique Coming Out New Left and Community Activism Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) Free Speech Movement (FSM) Mario Savio Model Cities Program Models for grassroots activism Youth Culture and Counterculture 2

3 The counterculture Form of consumerism Timothy Leary, Aldous Huxley Communes Wide variety of experiments Religiously based Organic farming Cooperative ownership Grassroots Conservatism Evangelical religion Campus Crusade for Christ Barry Goldwater Resistance to integration The Feminist Critique Civil Rights Act of 1964 National Organization of Women 1966 The glass ceiling Sexual revolution Coming Out Part of broader civil rights movement Stonewall Inn, Manhattan 1969 Stonewall Rebellion Gay pride parades Cities Under Stress Diagnosing an Urban Crisis Conflict in the Streets Minority Self-Determination Suburban Independence: The Outer City Diagnosing an Urban Crisis Concentration of the poor African Americans 3

4 African Americans Limited access to housing, schools Infrastructure Conflict in the Streets Riots in New York 1964 The Watts riot 1965 National Guard Riots continued in 1966 Minority Self-Determination Black Power Nation of Islam Malcolm X Black Panthers United Farm Workers Cesar Chavez Boycotts Native Americans American Indian Movement (AIM) Suburban Independence: The Outer City Suburban economic growth and political influence Baker v. Carr (1962) School busing controversies Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education (1971) The Tet Offensive LBJ s Exit Red Spring Violence and Politics: King, Kennedy, and Chicago 4

5 Violence and Politics: King, Kennedy, and Chicago The Tet Offensive Vietnamese New Year Tet Offensive January 1968 War appeared to be unwinnable LBJ s Exit Eugene McCarthy Robert Kennedy Johnson withdrew from race Red Spring Student unrest Columbia University Battle of Morningside Heights Western Europe Prague Spring Violence and Politics: King, Kennedy, and Chicago Martin Luther King, Jr., assassinated April 1968 Robert Kennedy assassinated June election Richard M. Nixon Getting Out of Vietnam, Nixon and the Wider World Courting Middle America Oil, OPEC, and Stagflation Americans as Environmentalists From Dirty Tricks to Watergate The Ford Footnote Getting Out of Vietnam, My Lai massacre

6 My Lai massacre 1968 Vietnamization Nixon Doctrine Cambodia Stalemate and cease-fire North Vietnam overran the south Nixon and the Wider World Henry Kissinger National security adviser Visit to China Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) Easing of tensions Détente Courting Middle America New Federalism General Revenue Sharing Suburbs benefited School desegregation Oil, OPEC, and Stagflation Inflation Arab-Israeli War 1973 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) retaliated Stagflation Americans as Environmentalists Rachel Carson, Silent Spring 1962 DDT Earth Day 1970 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Love Canal 6

7 Love Canal From Dirty Tricks to Watergate Watergate Nixon s fear of political enemies Pentagon Papers Daniel Ellsberg Nixon resigned 1972 The Ford Footnote Gerald Ford Became president Pardoned Nixon Helsinki Accords Détente 1976 election Jimmy Carter Jimmy Carter: Idealism and Frustration in the White House Carter, Energy, and the Economy Closed Factories and Failed Farms Building a Cooperative World New Crises Abroad Economy Oil prices rose Interest rates rose Energy policy Alternative energies Closed Factories and Failed Farms 7

8 Shift to new industries The Rustbelt Deindustrialization Layoffs Agribusiness Building a Cooperative World Mutual respect Human rights China Camp David Agreement 1979 Anwar Sadat, Egypt Menachem Begin, Israel New Crises Abroad Cold War revived Failure of SALT II Soviet invasion of Afghanistan Iranian hostage crisis Ayatollah Khomeini Conclusion An energy crisis and environmental problems showed the limits of American prosperity. Events also demonstrated that the United States could not run the world. At the same time, deep economic changes were occurring. 8