TABLE OF CONTENTS. Preface... iii Preface to the First Edition... v Table of Cases... TC-1 Table of Statutes... TS-1

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1 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Preface... iii Preface to the First Edition... v Table of Cases... TC-1 Table of Statutes... TS-1 PART I. INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION... 1 PART II. ENFORCEABILITY CHAPTER 2. BARGAINS A. Introduction...18 B. Mutual Assent: Offer and Acceptance...25 C. Preliminary Negotiations Price quotations Auctions Invitations for tenders Open terms and incomplete agreements Consent of third party Quasi-criminal cases Indefiniteness Counter-offers and additional terms D. Unincorporated Associations...61 E. Unsigned Writings The ticket cases The exchange of forms by correspondence Criticisms of the existing law Uniform Commercial Code, section F. Misunderstandings...90 G. Communication of Acceptance...92 C-1

2 LAW OF CONTRACTS H. Problems of Correspondence Introduction Delay in transmission of the offer Attempted revocation by offeror Loss or delay Overtaking communications Jurisdictional problems Instantaneous communications Other communications I. Termination of Power of Acceptance Lapse Revocation Rejection Death J. The Exchange Element: Consideration Value exchanged Mutuality of promises Charitable subscriptions Firm offers Compromises Pre-existing duty CHAPTER 3. INTENTION A. The Objective Principle of Contract Formation B. Implied Terms C. Intention to Create Legal Relations Promises binding in honour only Comfort letters Social engagements and jests Family agreements Government contracts Business promotions and lotteries Non-justiciable agreements CHAPTER 4. UNILATERAL CONTRACTS CHAPTER 5. NON-BARGAIN PROMISES A. Sealed Contracts B. Nominal Consideration C. Past Consideration D. Subsequent Reliance Introduction Promises to give interests in land Gratuitous undertakings negligently prosecuted C-2

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 4. Estoppel and waiver Negligent misstatement in tort Related problems CHAPTER 6. STATUTE OF FRAUDS A. The Purpose of the Statute B. Interpretation of the Statute Guarantees Contracts not to be performed in a year The memorandum in writing: form and contents C. Part Performance D. Restitution E. Rectification F. Trusts G. Variation and Estoppel H. Future Developments PART III. CONTRACTS AND THIRD PARTIES CHAPTER 7. AGENCY CHAPTER 8. ASSIGNMENT CHAPTER 9. THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARIES CHAPTER 10. MISTAKE AND THIRD PARTIES A. Mistake of Identity B. Documents Mistakenly Signed PART IV. EXCUSES FOR NON-PERFORMANCE CHAPTER 11. MISTAKE AS TO CONTRACTUAL TERMS A. Introduction B. Written Documents Introduction Parol Evidence Rule Merger Subsequent events Authority of agents Interpretation Rectification Misrepresentations and collateral statements Inequality of bargaining power C-3

4 LAW OF CONTRACTS 10. Agreement to verbal formula Alteration of documents CHAPTER 12. MISTAKE IN ASSUMPTIONS A. Introduction B. Unexpected Changes in Future Events: Impossibility and Frustration Mistake and frustration The basis of relief Availability of relief Allocation of risk Partial relief C. Mistake as to Existing Facts Availability of relief Mistake of law Allocation of risk Mutual mistake Mistake in offers D. Restitution and Reliance CHAPTER 13. MISREPRESENTATIONS A. Mistake and Warranty B. Misrepresentation and Promise C. Fraudulent Misrepresentation D. Innocent Misrepresentation E. Negligent Misstatements F. Collateral Contracts G. Silence, Misrepresentation and Good Faith CHAPTER 14. GOOD FAITH, FAIRNESS AND UNCONSCIONABILITY A. Introduction B. Forfeitures C. Penalties D. Deposits E. Clauses Limiting Liability Introduction Judicial control Legislative control (a) United Kingdom (b) Canadian provincial legislation F. Incorporation of Documents G. Documents and Consent H. Interpretation, Implied Terms and Good Faith C-4

5 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Duress J. Inequality of Bargaining Power Expectant heirs Protection of weaker parties Undue influence Fiduciary relationships K. Withholding Discretionary Remedies Damages Specific enforcement Costs L. Consideration M. Restraint of Trade N. Legislation O. A General Principle Criteria of relief Bars to relief Remedies CHAPTER 15. PUBLIC POLICY A. Introduction B. Common Law Illegality C. Statutory Illegality D. Restitution of Benefits Transferred E. Severance CHAPTER 16. NON-PERFORMANCE AND BREACH A. What Amounts to Performance B. Termination for Breach Substantial non-performance Conditions and warranties Time problems Duty to warn before terminating Recovery of benefits transferred (a) Recovery by the party not in breach (b) Recovery by the party in breach (c) Restitution Waiver of conditions (a) When waiver possible (b) Retraction of waiver C. Anticipatory Repudiation C-5

6 LAW OF CONTRACTS PART V. CAPACITY CHAPTER 17. GOVERNMENT CONTRACTS A. The Crown Petition of right Administrative approval Legislative and executive role of Crown Parliamentary appropriation of funds Agency Executive discretion Estoppel B. Municipalities CHAPTER 18. MINORS CHAPTER 19. MENTAL INCOMPETENCE PART VI. REMEDIES CHAPTER 20. SPECIFIC ENFORCEMENT A. Introduction B. Specific Performance Adequacy of money award Mutuality Necessity of supervision Sale of goods and shares Personal services C. Injunctions D. Specific Enforcement Combined with Money Award E. Discretionary Defences F. Impossibility G. Contractual Control over Specific Remedies H. Future Development CHAPTER 21. DAMAGES A. Introduction B. Date for Assessment of Damages C. Obligations in Foreign Currency D. Reliance Measure E. Vendor s Failure to Make Title to Land F. Restitution G. Double Compensation H. Uncertainty C-6

7 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Remoteness J. Punitive Damages K. Intangible Injuries L. Avoidable Loss M. Contributory Negligence N. Contribution Among Wrongdoers PAGE Index... IN-1 C-7

INDEX. [References are to paragraph numbers] ABSURDITY, AVOIDANCE OF, 334 ABUSE OF RIGHTS. See GOOD FAITH ACCELERATION CLAUSE, 457 ACCEPTANCE

INDEX. [References are to paragraph numbers] ABSURDITY, AVOIDANCE OF, 334 ABUSE OF RIGHTS. See GOOD FAITH ACCELERATION CLAUSE, 457 ACCEPTANCE INDEX [References are to paragraph numbers] ABSURDITY, AVOIDANCE OF, 334 ABUSE OF RIGHTS. See GOOD FAITH ACCELERATION CLAUSE, 457 ACCEPTANCE after death. See DEATH auction, in, 32-35 communication of,