Human Trafficking. What is Human Trafficking? 2/25/2015. Did you is the average age that U.S. kids are first pulled into commercial sex.

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1 Human Trafficking Did you know? is the average age that U.S. kids are first pulled into commercial sex. (2) 83% of sex trafficking victims found in the U.S. were U.S. citizens. (3) 1. Amanda Walker-Rodriguez & Rodney Hill, Human Sex Trafficking, FED. BUREAU INVESTIGATION (Mar. 2011), 2. Some research indicates that the average age of entry for U.S. girls is 12 to 14, while the average age for U.S. boys and transgender youth is 11 to 13. See Amanda Walker-Rodriguez and Rodney Hill, Human Sex Trafficking, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin (March, 2011), available at See also Ernie Allen, President and CEO of the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, speaking to the House Victims Rights Caucus Human Trafficking Caucus, Cong. Rec., 111 th Cong., 2 nd sess., Human Trafficking/Trafficking in Persons, Dept. of Justice Statistics, (last visited 1/14/2012). What is Human Trafficking? Sex Trafficking: When a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such act has not attained 18 years of age; or Labor Trafficking: The recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery. (1) 1) Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000, Pub. L. No (2000), available at 1

2 Human Trafficking in Numbers Internationally Second largest and fastest growing criminal enterprise (1) 27 million victims (2) 1 million children exploited in commercial sex every year (3) $150.2 billion dollars generated worldwide (4) Indiana More than 100 tips were investigated by law enforcement in Indiana in ) Administration for Children & Families, U.S. DEPT. OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES, (last visited Jan. 13, 2012). 2) U.S. Dept. of State Trafficking in Persons Report (2012), available at 3) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, THE FACTS ABOUT CHILD SEX TOURISM (2005) at p.22 (2005), available at 4) INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE, PROFITS AND POVERTY: THE ECONOMICS OF FORCED LABOUR (2014), available at ed_norm/---declaration/documents/publication/wcms_ pdf. See also REMARKS AT THE RELEASE OF THE 2014 TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS REPORT, U.S. DEPT. OF STATE (June 20, 2014) available at See also CIVILIAN SECURITY, DEMOCRACY, AND HUMAN RIGHTS: THE ECONOMICS OF FORCED LABOR, U.S. DEPT. OF STATE (June 2014), available at 5) U.S. DEPT. OF STATE TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS REPORT (2010), available at see also CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE, TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS: U.S. POLICY AND ISSUES FOR CONGRESS (2010) at p.2, available at 6) Information was obtained from the Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA). The BJA Task Forces in the Midwestern Region were located in the states of: Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. 7) Human Trafficking: An Introduction, OFFICE OF THE INDIANA ATTORNEY GENERAL, available at (last visited April 5, 2013). State and Federal Laws State: IC : Human and Sexual Trafficking (1) Federal: Victims of Trafficking and Violence Prevention Act 2000; (2) William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of (3) 1) Human and Sexual Trafficking, Ind. Code , available at 2) Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000, Pub. L. No (2000), available at 3) William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008, Public Law No: (2008), available at 2

3 Indiana Law: IC Trafficking: A person who, by force, threat of force, or fraud engages a person in: Forced Labor Involuntary Servitude Marriage Prostitution Participation in Sexual Conduct Prosecutors don t have to prove force when a minor under the age of 18 is being trafficked Restitution is available to trafficking victims Trafficking victims may also have a civil cause of action to recover other damages from the trafficker Human and Sexual Trafficking, Ind. Code , available at Criminal Code Felony reclassification effective July 1, Indiana Law: IC Human and Sexual Trafficking (c) A person who is at least eighteen (18) years of age who knowingly or intentionally sells or transfers custody of a child less than sixteen (18) years of age for the purpose of prostitution or participating in sexual conduct commits sexual trafficking of a minor, a Class A (Level 2) felony. (1) 1) Human and Sexual Trafficking, Ind. Code , available at Criminal Code Felony reclassification effective July 1, Indiana Law: IC Human and Sexual Trafficking (d) A person who knowingly or intentionally pays, offers to pay, or agrees to pay money or other property to another person for an individual who the person knows has been forced into: (1) forced labor; (2) involuntary servitude; or (3) prostitution; commits human trafficking, a Class C (Level 5) felony. (1) 1) Human and Sexual Trafficking, Ind. Code , available at Criminal Code Felony reclassification effective July 1,

4 Human Trafficking Legislation 2015 HB 1216 Defense to Prostitution Missing Persons Information SB 532 Indecent Nuisance Adds Human Trafficking to the list of enumerated nuisances SB 296 Adult Entertainment Establishments Identity verification and Human Trafficking Awareness tied to alcohol permit SB 375 Asset Forfeiture allows law enforcement to forfeit property used to commit the crime of human trafficking as well as proceeds derived from commission of the offense 10 Immigration relief What is a T-Visa? Enables certain victims of human trafficking to live and work in the US for four years. May be eligible to apply for adjustment of status to lawful permanent resident after three years. Can petition to have certain family members accompany them. Allows access to public benefits. Cap of 5,000 visas annually. From 2002 through December, 2014, only 10,585 visas were issued. The reason the number of issued visas is so low is believed to be because human trafficking victims are not coming forward. Other Forms of Immigration Relief U Visa Person is a crime victim and are willing to assist in the investigation S Visa Person is in possession of information concerning criminal organization or enterprise Asylum Person has suffered or fears persecution based on race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a particular social group in country of origin Special Immigrant Juvenile Status Children who are wards of the state due to their abuse, neglect or abandonment and return to home country not a viable option 4

5 Social Service Provision Adult victims of a severe form of trafficking may be eligible for valuable legal & social service benefits: Mental health care Legal and immigration services ESL training Independent living skills Clothing Interpretation Safety planning Housing Food Job placement and employment education Medical care and health education Human Trafficking and Technology Online Classified Ads Craigslist.org and Backpage.com An artist s interpretation of an advertisement on Indianapolis Backpage February 2nd. (2) Human Trafficking and Technology None of these new technologies are in and of themselves harmful, but for those criminals searching for means of exploiting their victims, they provide new, efficient, and often anonymous methods. (1) Prepaid Credit Cards Prepaid Cell Phones No Age verification No identify verification Consider anonymity provided for: 1. The person posting ads online 2. The persons depicted in those ads 3. The persons viewing those ads. 1) Mark Latonero, Human Trafficking Online: The Role of Social Networking Sites and Online Classifieds, 13 (2011) 5

6 Human Trafficking and Technology Misty VanHorn, Oklahoma Mother, Attempted To Sell Her Kids On Facebook For $4, Year-Old Unwillingly Became an Internet Sex Symbol 2 B.C. teen drugged, forced into sex trade, police say; Calgary woman faces multiple charges, including human trafficking, extortion 3 Gang members enticed victims on the streets and through social media, including Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, by advertising photographs of extravagant living. Instead, the gang members trafficked the victims to several states and forced them into commercial sex Gates, Sara. "Misty VanHorn, Oklahoma Mother, Attempted To Sell Her Kids On Facebook For $4,000: Police." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 12 Mar Web.. < 2. McLane, Adam. "Why You Should Delete SnapChat - adammclane.com."adammclane.com. N.p., 22 Aug Web.. < 3. Karar, Hana, and Lauren Effron. "Angie Varona: How a 14-Year-Old Unwillingly Became an Internet Sex Symbol." ABC News. ABC News Network, 9 Nov Web Ho, Clara. "B.C. teen drugged, forced into sex trade, police say; Calgary woman faces multiple charges, including human trafficking, extortion.". The Vancouver Province (British Columbia), 13 Apr Web Dixon, Jr, Herbert B. Dixon, Jr. "Human Trafficking and the Internet* (*and Other Technologies, too)." Human Trafficking and the Internet* (*and Other Technologies, too). The Judge's Journal, 1 Jan Web.. < Human Trafficking and Technology Social Networking Pimps hit social networks to recruit underage girls to engage in commercial sex The pimps "searched Facebook for attractive young girls, and sent them messages telling them that they were pretty and asking if they would like to make some money" If a girl expressed interest, a gang member would arrange to meet up. At that point, participation stopped being voluntary. Messages provided by U.S. Department of Justice. Visualization created by CNNMoney. The Trafficked Person A Vulnerable Life Before Victimization * Several studies of boys and girls recruited into commercial sex found that: 57% had been sexually abused as children. (1) 49% had been physically assaulted. (1) 85% were victims of incest as girls, and 90% had been physically abused. (2) 61.5% were frequently hit, slapped, pushed, grabbed, or had objects thrown at them by a member of their household. (3) 40% of the above were kicked, hit, beaten, raped, or threatened and/or attacked with a weapon by a member of their household. (3) Nearly half the participants in one study had been molested or raped as children or teenagers. (4) * These studies considered various forms commercial sex, not only sex trafficking. Due to the hidden nature of this crime, little research is available strictly on trafficking. However, it should be noted that anyone used in commercial sex who is under 18 or is being forced or coerced is a victim of trafficking. 1) Melissa Farley & Howard Barkan, Prostitution, Violence Against Women, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, 27 WOMEN & HEALTH (1998), available at 2) Hunter, S.K., Prostitution is Cruelty and Abuse to Women and Children, 1 MICH. J. GENDER & L (1993). 3) Jody Raphael & Deborah L. Shapiro, SISTERS SPEAK OUT: THE LIVES AND NEEDS OF PROSTITUTED WOMEN IN CHICAGO, CENTER FOR IMPACT RESEARCH (2002) at p.15, available at 4) Jennifer K. Wesely, Growing up Sexualized: Issues of Power and Violence in the Lives of Female Exotic Dancers, 8 No. 10 Violence Against Women, 1182, 1192 (October, 2002). 6

7 The Adverse Childhood Experience Studies Jim Mercy, Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, The Public Health Implications of Child Sex Trafficking (PowerPoint presentation). Media How we sexualize children & glamourize commercial sex Sexualized female dolls targeted to girls as young as 4 years old Push-up bra bathing suits for 8-year olds Movies, video games, music Information on this slide taken from: American Psychological Association, Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls. (2010). Report of the APA Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls. Retrieved from Demand for this crime exists because WE tolerate it Prostitutes and strippers portrayed in movies, video games and music Three 6 Mafia s song It s Hard Out There for a Pimp won an Oscar in 2006 "Big Pimpin'" was the most successful single from Jay- Z's fourth album, reaching #18 on The Billboard Hot 100 and #1 on the Rhythmic Top 40 chart. 7

8 Anti-demand is critical is the average age of entry into commercial sex in the U.S. Trauma 34 is the average age of death for those used in commercial sex; homicide is the leading cause of death. If you believe someone is a victim of Human Trafficking: Call 911 if there is an emergency or crime occurring currently. Then National Human Trafficking Resource Center Hotline Number or send a text to BeFree (233733) Indiana Child Abuse and Neglect Hotline Number humantraffickingtip@atg.in.gov Contact Information Abigail Kuzma Office of the Indiana Attorney General Assistant Attorney General and Director of Victim Services and Outreach Abigail.Kuzma@atg.in.gov