Death by 1,000 Births: Thomas Malthus place in Economic History. Robert Eyler, PhD Professor of Economics Sonoma State University June 26, 2017

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Death by 1,000 Births: Thomas Malthus place in Economic History. Robert Eyler, PhD Professor of Economics Sonoma State University June 26, 2017"

Transcription

1 Death by 1,000 Births: Thomas Malthus place in Economic History Robert Eyler, PhD Professor of Economics Sonoma State University June 26, 2017

2 Does Population Growth Scare You? China 2050: 1.45 billion India 2050: 1.71 billion USA 2050: 389 million Nigeria 2050: 380 million Multiple issues to consider Political administration Social concerns: cities Hygiene and utilities Food! The Chinese population estimate is highly debated due to the one-child policy

3 Local Arguments about population growth, 2017 Jobs that pay good wages Density Traffic Housing Natural Resources Are these questions new? Is there a natural balance here we can measure?

4 The threat and the cure We will breed ourselves to death Standards of living fall as we have more births than deaths The cure: technological progress maybe Mankind has been here before

5 Pre-industrial Europe Source: Google Images

6 Quick Supply and Demand Reminder Demand The willingness and ability to purchase a good or service Downward sloping in opportunity cost to quantity (inverse relationship) Supply The willingness and ability to produce and sell a good or service Positive relationship (upward-sloping) between opportunity cost and quantity For demographers, the price or opportunity cost is the standard of living or income level The quantity is the population size

7 The standard framework for doing so is the Malthusian model Thomas Robert Malthus was born into a wealthy family in 1766, educated at Cambridge, and became a professor at Cambridge and eventually an Anglican parson. His students referred to him as Pop Malthus ( Pop for population). Malthus Essay on the Principle of Population, published in 1798, became a contemporary best seller. (All economists should be so lucky.) Source: Google Images 7

8 Iron Law of Wages before Marx 1. The BIRTH RATE is a socially determined constant, independent of material living standards. 2. The DEATH RATE declines as living standards increase. 3. MATERIAL LIVING STANDARDS decline as population increases. Malthus suggested that, holding technology constant, no significant increase in living standards if population growth continued. What does technology do when advancing?

9 Greg Clark, Professor UC Davis The vast swath of humanity eked out a living under conditions probably significantly poorer than those of cavemen. Stature, a measure of both the quality of diet and of children s exposure to disease, was higher in the Stone Age than in Source: A Farewell to Alms, 2007, Princeton U. Press

10 Malthus model was based on 3 assumptions: The tendency for population growth to put pressure on the land, depressing living standards in what were predominantly agricultural economies. The tendency for lower living standards to raise mortality rates (e.g., increasing susceptibility to infectious disease). The tendency for lower living standards to depress fertility (in the English case, with which Malthus was most familiar, by raising age of marriage).

11 Graphically, the three elements look like this technology curve Source: A Farewell to Alms, 2007, Princeton U. Press 7

12 What is the effect of technological progress in this model? Stagnation of living standards was a function of birth and death rates fluctuating and markets reacting. Source: A Farewell to Alms, 2007, Princeton U. Press 9

13 Stationary equilibrium is restored with higher population, no change in living standards Source: A Farewell to Alms, 2007, Princeton U. Press 13

14 Clark shows how this happened in practice (Notice not just shift in the locus to the right but also reversion of real wages to previous levels) Source: A Farewell to Alms, 2007, Princeton U. Press 14

15 What is the effect of improvements in sanitation, medical knowledge in this model? Answer: deterioration in the material standard of living Source: A Farewell to Alms, 2007, Princeton U. Press 15

16 The Black Death: A Natural Experiment The mother of all natural experiments % of Europe s population died. In certain places, such as Venice, death rates were been as high as 75 percent. Only a handful of areas were spared: in the Low Countries, in Southwest France, and in Eastern Europe. Source: Google Images 16

17 How the plague spread Source: Google Images 17

18 Economic effects of the population decline Land-labor ratios improved, and wages increased substantially. Farmers could concentrate on the most fertile land. This surplus allowed some workers to stop farming and turn to manufacturing (linens, cloth, apparel, shoes, horseshoes, etc.) There may be reason to think that learning by doing and innovation were most pronounced. 18

19 But why didn t population respond, and wipe out the income growth, as Malthus would have predicted? Source: Brad DeLong The Black Death didn t last forever. By the end of the 14 th century that bacterium carrying the plague had largely disappeared from Europe (to reappear periodically). In other words, Malthus mortality schedule should have shifted back to the left. The behavior of real wages is consistent with this 19

20 Alternative Explanations: Birth Rates Fertility limitations: Puritanical Behavior Think the Crucible: limited extramarital affairs Average birth rates were per adult woman. Biological maximum was 9 children per woman Evidently, actual fertility was less than half the biological maximum. This seems like evidence of birth control? Abstinence Extended periods of breastfeeding Most important method: delaying marriage age Western European marriage pattern

21 Clark took a more economic approach He argues that marriage patterns were regulated not simply by social convention but by the individual decisions of rational economic agents. Hmmm. He argues that early marriage was desired on both consumption and investment grounds (it was pleasant to have a mate; grown children were an economic asset) Early marriage also had its costs (young workers had limited means, and hence limited ability to support a family). 2 x Hmmm.

22 China did not experience the same In China, where living standards were lower than in Western Europe by this time, age of first marriage should have been higher, by this logic. But for women it was on average 19. And fully 99 per cent of women appear to have married. There was some family limitation behavior in China also Children per married woman was 5. But the mechanism must have been different. Scholars now emphasize extended breastfeeding as a spacing mechanism Cultural beliefs that sexual activity was damaging to health.

23 So What? Can we learn modern lessons here? Are we facing social crises due to more births than deaths? Are we already in a state of crisis? What new technologies may help or hurt this? Was Malthus Right?

24 Greg Clark A Farewell to Alms Princeton University Press, 2007 Thanks!

ECONOMIC GROWTH* Chapt er. Key Concepts

ECONOMIC GROWTH* Chapt er. Key Concepts Chapt er 6 ECONOMIC GROWTH* Key Concepts The Basics of Economic Growth Economic growth is the expansion of production possibilities. The growth rate is the annual percentage change of a variable. The growth

More information

Are Many Cities Becoming Malthusian? Budapest June,2012

Are Many Cities Becoming Malthusian? Budapest June,2012 Are Many Cities Becoming Malthusian? Budapest June,2012 1 Overview Some Context on Urbanization and Growth Poses the Question: Are we creating Malthusian Cities? How this might happen and some ways to

More information

SS 11: COUNTERPOINTS CH. 13: POPULATION: CANADA AND THE WORLD NOTES the UN declared the world s population had reached 6 billion.

SS 11: COUNTERPOINTS CH. 13: POPULATION: CANADA AND THE WORLD NOTES the UN declared the world s population had reached 6 billion. SS 11: COUNTERPOINTS CH. 13: POPULATION: CANADA AND THE WORLD NOTES 1 INTRODUCTION 1. 1999 the UN declared the world s population had reached 6 billion. 2. Forecasters are sure that at least another billion

More information

Gregory Clark Econ 110A, Spring 2009 FINAL. A total of 100 points is possible. Part A: Multiple Choice Questions

Gregory Clark Econ 110A, Spring 2009 FINAL. A total of 100 points is possible. Part A: Multiple Choice Questions Gregory Clark Econ 110A, Spring 2009 FINAL A total of 100 points is possible. Last Name: First Name: Your Student ID Number: - - Part A: Multiple Choice Questions (30 questions, each of which is worth

More information

8. United States of America

8. United States of America (a) Past trends 8. United States of America The total fertility rate in the United States dropped from 3. births per woman in 19-19 to 2.2 in 197-197. Except for a temporary period during the late 197s

More information

The Human Population 8

The Human Population 8 8 The Human Population Overview of Chapter 8 The Science of Demography Demographics of Countries Demographic Stages Age Structure Population and Quality of Life Reducing the Total Fertility Rate Government

More information

Chapter 8: Human Population

Chapter 8: Human Population Chapter 8: Human Population Concepts and terms to know: Doubling rate Quality of life IPAT model (I = P x A x T x S) Demography Population size Population density/distribution Age structure Sex ratios

More information

The myth of an optimal number

The myth of an optimal number Published on N-IUSSP.ORG February 29, 2016 Do we need a population policy? Jacques Vallin From the writings of Plato (4th century BCE) on the population of the ideal Greek city, to the famous precept of

More information

Is Population a Problem?

Is Population a Problem? Is Population a Problem? 1 Santa Cruz Sentinel, Letters to the Editor, Jan. 11, 2004 Stop breeding frenzy Regarding "Choose Life" (letters, Jan 4.) what if Hitler s and Saddam s mothers had abortions?

More information

The Human Population and Its Impact. Chapter 6

The Human Population and Its Impact. Chapter 6 The Human Population and Its Impact Chapter 6 Core Case Study: Are There Too Many of Us? (1) Estimated 2.4 billion more people by 2050 Are there too many people already? Will technological advances overcome

More information

Part IV Population, Labour and Urbanisation

Part IV Population, Labour and Urbanisation Part IV Population, Labour and Urbanisation Introduction The population issue is the economic issue most commonly associated with China. China has for centuries had the largest population in the world,

More information

ELECTRONIC LEARNING MODULE

ELECTRONIC LEARNING MODULE ELECTRONIC LEARNING MODULE For A Presentation of 2017 Contemporary Learning Systems, Inc. 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 Understand the definition of globalization and how it applies to the study of economics and how

More information

CHAPTER 10: Fundamentals of International Political Economy

CHAPTER 10: Fundamentals of International Political Economy 1. China s economy now ranks as what number in terms of size? a. First b. Second c. Third d. Fourth 2. China s economy has grown by what factor each year since 1980? a. Three b. Five c. Seven d. Ten 3.

More information

Chapter 6: Human Population & Its Impact How many is too many? 7 billion currently; 1.6 mill. more each week ~2.4 bill. more by 2050 Developing 82%

Chapter 6: Human Population & Its Impact How many is too many? 7 billion currently; 1.6 mill. more each week ~2.4 bill. more by 2050 Developing 82% Chapter 6: Human Population & Its Impact How many is too many? 7 billion currently; 1.6 mill. more each week ~2.4 bill. more by 2050 Developing 82% of population Developed high resource use; (more coming

More information

Chapter 4. Preview. Introduction. Resources, Comparative Advantage, and Income Distribution

Chapter 4. Preview. Introduction. Resources, Comparative Advantage, and Income Distribution Chapter 4 Resources, Comparative Advantage, and Income Distribution Slides prepared by Thomas Bishop Copyright 2009 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Preview Production possibilities Relationship

More information

Economic Geography Chapter 10 Development

Economic Geography Chapter 10 Development Economic Geography Chapter 10 Development Development: Key Issues 1. Why Does Development Vary Among Countries? 2. Where Are Inequalities in Development Found? 3. Why Do Countries Face Challenges to Development?

More information

The Effects on U.S. Farm Workers of an Agricultural Guest Worker Program

The Effects on U.S. Farm Workers of an Agricultural Guest Worker Program The Effects on U.S. Farm Workers of an Agricultural Guest Worker Program Linda Levine Specialist in Labor Economics December 28, 2009 Congressional Research Service CRS Report for Congress Prepared for

More information

Chapter 4 Specific Factors and Income Distribution

Chapter 4 Specific Factors and Income Distribution Chapter 4 Specific Factors and Income Distribution Chapter Organization Introduction The Specific Factors Model International Trade in the Specific Factors Model Income Distribution and the Gains from

More information

Human Population Growth

Human Population Growth Human Population Growth Clarifying Objective 2.1.4 Explain how ecosystems can be relatively stable over hundreds or thousands of years, even though populations may fluctuate due to availability of food

More information

Chapter 5. Resources and Trade: The Heckscher-Ohlin

Chapter 5. Resources and Trade: The Heckscher-Ohlin Chapter 5 Resources and Trade: The Heckscher-Ohlin Model Chapter Organization 1. Assumption 2. Domestic Market (1) Factor prices and goods prices (2) Factor levels and output levels 3. Trade in the Heckscher-Ohlin

More information

ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD Lanham * Boulder New York * Toronto Plymouth, UK

ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD Lanham * Boulder New York * Toronto Plymouth, UK Population Geography Tools and Issues SECOND EDITION K. Bruce Newbold ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD Lanham * Boulder New York * Toronto Plymouth, UK List of Figures and Tables Acknowledgments xv xi Population Geography:

More information

International Trade Theory College of International Studies University of Tsukuba Hisahiro Naito

International Trade Theory College of International Studies University of Tsukuba Hisahiro Naito International Trade Theory College of International Studies University of Tsukuba Hisahiro Naito The specific factors model allows trade to affect income distribution as in H-O model. Assumptions of the

More information

The Demography of the Labor Force in Sub- Saharan Africa

The Demography of the Labor Force in Sub- Saharan Africa The Demography of the Labor Force in Sub- Saharan Africa David Lam Department of Economics and Population Studies Center University of Michigan Conference on Labor Markets in Western Africa: Evidence and

More information

Chapter 5. Resources and Trade: The Heckscher-Ohlin Model

Chapter 5. Resources and Trade: The Heckscher-Ohlin Model Chapter 5 Resources and Trade: The Heckscher-Ohlin Model Preview Production possibilities Changing the mix of inputs Relationships among factor prices and goods prices, and resources and output Trade in

More information

Berkeley Review of Latin American Studies, Fall 2013

Berkeley Review of Latin American Studies, Fall 2013 Home Share to: Berkeley Review of Latin American Studies, Fall 2013 An American flag featuring the faces of immigrants on display at Ellis Island. (Photo by Ludovic Bertron.) IMMIGRATION The Economic Benefits

More information

TOPICS INCLUDE: Population Growth Demographic Data Rule of 70 Age-Structure Pyramids Impact of Growth UNIT 3: POPULATION

TOPICS INCLUDE: Population Growth Demographic Data Rule of 70 Age-Structure Pyramids Impact of Growth UNIT 3: POPULATION TOPICS INCLUDE: Population Growth Demographic Data Rule of 70 Age-Structure Pyramids Impact of Growth UNIT 3: POPULATION # of individuals in a given area Uniform equally spaced Clumped/Clustered individuals

More information

2. In what stage of the demographic transition model are most LDC? a. First b. Second c. Third d. Fourth e. Fifth

2. In what stage of the demographic transition model are most LDC? a. First b. Second c. Third d. Fourth e. Fifth 1. The three largest population clusters in the world are in a. East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia b. East Asia, South Asia, South America c. Africa, South Asia, East Asia d. Australia, South Asia,

More information

The Impact of Immigration on Wages of Unskilled Workers

The Impact of Immigration on Wages of Unskilled Workers The Impact of Immigration on Wages of Unskilled Workers Giovanni Peri Immigrants did not contribute to the national decline in wages at the national level for native-born workers without a college education.

More information

Demography. Demography is the study of human population. Population is a dynamic open systems with inputs, processes and outputs.

Demography. Demography is the study of human population. Population is a dynamic open systems with inputs, processes and outputs. Population Demography Demography is the study of human population. Population is a dynamic open systems with inputs, processes and outputs. This means that change constantly occurs in population numbers,

More information

Notes on exam in International Economics, 16 January, Answer the following five questions in a short and concise fashion: (5 points each)

Notes on exam in International Economics, 16 January, Answer the following five questions in a short and concise fashion: (5 points each) Question 1. (25 points) Notes on exam in International Economics, 16 January, 2009 Answer the following five questions in a short and concise fashion: (5 points each) a) What are the main differences between

More information

Human Population Chapters 8 and 9

Human Population Chapters 8 and 9 Human Population Chapters 8 and 9 I. The principles of population ecology apply to humans. A. The world population was 6.07 billion in 2000 and increased by 85 million from 1999 to 2000. 1. Although our

More information

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymwwrgv_aie Demographics Demography is the scientific study of population. Demographers look statistically as to how people are distributed spatially by age, gender, occupation,

More information

The Industrial Revolution Beginnings. Ways of the World Strayer Chapter 18

The Industrial Revolution Beginnings. Ways of the World Strayer Chapter 18 The Industrial Revolution Beginnings Ways of the World Strayer Chapter 18 Explaining the Industrial Revolution The global context for the Industrial Revolution lies in a very substantial increase in human

More information

In a core chapter in their book, Unequal Gains: American Growth. Journal of SUMMER Mark Thornton VOL. 21 N O

In a core chapter in their book, Unequal Gains: American Growth. Journal of SUMMER Mark Thornton VOL. 21 N O The Quarterly Journal of VOL. 21 N O. 2 158 162 SUMMER 2018 Austrian Economics The Great Leveling: A Note Mark Thornton ABSTRACT: Peter H. Lindert and Jeffrey G. Williamson, in their book Unequal Gains:

More information

DEMOGRAPHIC SHOCKS: THE VIEW FROM HISTORY. DISCUSSION

DEMOGRAPHIC SHOCKS: THE VIEW FROM HISTORY. DISCUSSION DEMOGRAPHIC SHOCKS: THE VIEW FROM HISTORY. DISCUSSION David N. Weil* Massimo Livi-Bacci has taken us on a fascinating tour of demographic history. What lessons for developments in the world today can we

More information

Chapter 20 Population, Communities, and Urbanization. Introduction to Sociology Spring 2010

Chapter 20 Population, Communities, and Urbanization. Introduction to Sociology Spring 2010 Chapter 20 Population, Communities, and Urbanization Introduction to Sociology Spring 2010 Discuss Malthus s thesis and Marx s response Essentially, Malthus held that the world s population was growing

More information

1. At the completion of this course, students are expected to: 2. Define and explain the doctrine of Physiocracy and Mercantilism

1. At the completion of this course, students are expected to: 2. Define and explain the doctrine of Physiocracy and Mercantilism COURSE CODE: ECO 325 COURSE TITLE: History of Economic Thought 11 NUMBER OF UNITS: 2 Units COURSE DURATION: Two hours per week COURSE LECTURER: Dr. Sylvester Ohiomu INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. At the

More information

Population Growth & Its impacts. PAD 6838/ 7865 Lecture 3

Population Growth & Its impacts. PAD 6838/ 7865 Lecture 3 Population Growth & Its impacts PAD 6838/ 7865 Lecture 3 Organization World Population Growth Growth pattern: Urban and rural Population growth and poverty Solutions to population growth World Population

More information

irat Unit 1 News? Missed questions? Does any team want to appeal? Population Pattern, Data World Population Growth Through History

irat Unit 1 News? Missed questions? Does any team want to appeal? Population Pattern, Data World Population Growth Through History Unit 1 News? Population Pattern, Data 1 2 irat This is a closed-book, no notes test! You have 10 minutes to complete the test. Circle the correct answers to each question on the answer sheet provided.

More information

People. Population size and growth. Components of population change

People. Population size and growth. Components of population change The social report monitors outcomes for the New Zealand population. This section contains background information on the size and characteristics of the population to provide a context for the indicators

More information

Human development in China. Dr Zhao Baige

Human development in China. Dr Zhao Baige Human development in China Dr Zhao Baige 19 Environment Twenty years ago I began my academic life as a researcher in Cambridge, and it is as an academic that I shall describe the progress China has made

More information

Population Change and Economic Development in Albania

Population Change and Economic Development in Albania Population Change and Economic Development in Albania Alma Meta Dr. Abdulmenaf Sejdini Abstract This paper studies, to what extent have population changes and economic growth have affected each other in

More information

Development Dynamics. GCSE Geography Edexcel B Practice Exam Questions and Answers

Development Dynamics. GCSE Geography Edexcel B Practice Exam Questions and Answers Development Dynamics GCSE Geography Edexcel B Practice Exam Questions and Answers 2.1 Measuring Development Describe two indicators that show a country s level of development. [4 marks] This question is

More information

FERTILITY RATE average number of children a woman will have between 15 and 44 (reproductive age)

FERTILITY RATE average number of children a woman will have between 15 and 44 (reproductive age) HUMAN GEOGRAPHY: Population Change INDICATORS OF DEVELOPMENT KEY TERMS BIRTH RATE live births per 1000 people per year DEATH RATE deaths per 1000 people per year FERTILITY RATE average number of children

More information

Module 2.1: Population (ch. 2) 1. Using the population pyramid below, identify which stage of growth the country is in?

Module 2.1: Population (ch. 2) 1. Using the population pyramid below, identify which stage of growth the country is in? 1. Using the population pyramid below, identify which stage of growth the country is in? a. Low Growth b. High Growth c. Moderate Growth d. Stationary Growth 2. What type of population density is measured

More information

10/24/2017. China. Labor Shortage in China?! Outline. Population Pattern. Population from Censuses

10/24/2017. China. Labor Shortage in China?! Outline. Population Pattern. Population from Censuses China Population and Family Planning (chapter 6) Labor Shortage in China?! 1.4 Billion vs. 325 million (U.S.) Made in China, China as the factory of the world V.S. Chinese Labor, Cheap No More In Coastal

More information

Lecture notes 1: Evidence and Issues. These notes are based on a draft manuscript Economic Growth by David N. Weil. All rights reserved.

Lecture notes 1: Evidence and Issues. These notes are based on a draft manuscript Economic Growth by David N. Weil. All rights reserved. Lecture notes 1: Evidence and Issues These notes are based on a draft manuscript Economic Growth by David N. Weil. All rights reserved. Lecture notes 1: Evidence and Issues 1. A world of rich and poor:

More information

CHAPTER 11 POPULATION TRENDS AND ISSUES

CHAPTER 11 POPULATION TRENDS AND ISSUES CHAPTER 11 POPULATION TRENDS AND ISSUES DEMOGRAPHY From the Greek Demo = people Graphy = writing/field of study AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY - HUMAN POPULATION THROUGH TIME OVERPOPULATION Overpopulation

More information

c4hxpxnrz0

c4hxpxnrz0 Update Jan 2010 HUMAN RACE In the 6 seconds it takes you to read this sentence, 24 13 people will be added to the Earth s population. o Before you ve finished this letter, that number will reach 1000.

More information

Case study: China s one-child policy

Case study: China s one-child policy Human Population Case study: China s one-child policy In 1970, China s 790 million people faced starvation The government instituted a onechild policy China s growth rate plummeted In 1984, the policy

More information

1. GEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF POPULATION Population & Migration

1. GEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF POPULATION Population & Migration 1. GEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF POPULATION Population & Migration BASICS OF DEMOGRAPHY Demography - study of: POPULATION DISTRIBUTION Distribution: (Distribution is ) Living space of humans on earth s surface:

More information

Land and Natural Resources. Factors of Production. Capital: funding, investments

Land and Natural Resources. Factors of Production. Capital: funding, investments AP* World History Study Guide and Graphic Organizers Unit 5: The Dawn of the Industrial Age, 1750 CE 1914 CE 1. Factors of Production A defining characteristic of this era is the Industrial Revolution.

More information

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Exam Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Geographers define overpopulation as A) too many people compared to resources. B) too

More information

POPULATION GROWTH, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, AND POPULATION CONTROL PROGRAMS

POPULATION GROWTH, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, AND POPULATION CONTROL PROGRAMS POPULATION GROWTH, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, AND POPULATION CONTROL PROGRAMS KENT P. SCHWIRIAN Associate Professor of Sociology, The Ohio State University INTRODUCTION In this paper the general pattern of

More information

Economics 10020/20020 Principles of Macroeconomics The Supply Side: Labor, Production, and Long-Run Growth

Economics 10020/20020 Principles of Macroeconomics The Supply Side: Labor, Production, and Long-Run Growth s 10020/20020 Principles of Macroeconomics The Side: Labor,, and Long-Run Dennis C. Plott University of Notre Dame Department of s www.dennisplott.com Spring 2015 Dennis C. Plott (Notre Dame) The Side:

More information

You ve probably heard a lot of talk about

You ve probably heard a lot of talk about Issues of Unauthorized Immigration You ve probably heard a lot of talk about unauthorized immigration. It is often also referred to as illegal immigration or undocumented immigration. For the last 30 years,

More information

Human Resources. There are 500 children in my How many. My village has 1,000 people. school. people do you think, there are in the whole world?

Human Resources. There are 500 children in my How many. My village has 1,000 people. school. people do you think, there are in the whole world? Human Resources Do you know? The Government of India has a Ministry of Human Resource Development. The Ministry was created in 1985 with an aim to improve people s skills. This just shows how important

More information

Has Globalization Helped or Hindered Economic Development? (EA)

Has Globalization Helped or Hindered Economic Development? (EA) Has Globalization Helped or Hindered Economic Development? (EA) Most economists believe that globalization contributes to economic development by increasing trade and investment across borders. Economic

More information

Chapter 5. World Population. Population. Population Geography. Population geography. Emigration Immigration Demography. What s the world population?

Chapter 5. World Population. Population. Population Geography. Population geography. Emigration Immigration Demography. What s the world population? CO.6 Chapter 5 Population Geography Population Population geography Distribution of humankind Emigration Immigration Demography Specific group characteristics World Population What s the world population?

More information

Ricardo: real or supposed vices? A Comment on Kakarot-Handtke s paper Paolo Trabucchi, Roma Tre University, Economics Department

Ricardo: real or supposed vices? A Comment on Kakarot-Handtke s paper Paolo Trabucchi, Roma Tre University, Economics Department Ricardo: real or supposed vices? A Comment on Kakarot-Handtke s paper Paolo Trabucchi, Roma Tre University, Economics Department 1. The paper s aim is to show that Ricardo s concentration on real circumstances

More information

THE STATE OF WORLD POPULATION People and possibilities in a world of 7 billion

THE STATE OF WORLD POPULATION People and possibilities in a world of 7 billion THE STATE OF WORLD 2011 People and possibilities in a world of 7 billion STATE OF WORLD Global Health Policy Forum 10 november 2011 Ivan Hermans UNFPA Brussels Office This year s s State of World Population

More information

Chapter 4: Specific Factors and

Chapter 4: Specific Factors and Chapter 4: Specific Factors and Income Distribution Chapter Organization Introduction The Specific Factors Model International Trade in the Specific Factors Model Income Distribution and the Gains from

More information

Population and Demographic. Tensions

Population and Demographic. Tensions Population and Demographic Population Tensions All the people living in a territory Demography The study of populations The science that provides data about the population in order to study its general

More information

(Based on remarks during a panel discussion at the IMF conference on Meeting

(Based on remarks during a panel discussion at the IMF conference on Meeting Globalization and health in America Angus Deaton January 14, 2018 (Based on remarks during a panel discussion at the IMF conference on Meeting globalization s challenges, October 2017.) I should like to

More information

Population & Migration

Population & Migration Population & Migration Population Distribution Humans are not distributed evenly across the earth. Geographers identify regions of Earth s surface where population is clustered and regions where it is

More information

Summary of the Results

Summary of the Results Summary of the Results CHAPTER I: SIZE AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE POPULATION 1. Trends in the Population of Japan The population of Japan is 127.77 million. It increased by 0.7% over the five-year

More information

Pages What is cultural diffusion? 2. What is diversity?

Pages What is cultural diffusion? 2. What is diversity? 10.24.16 Pages 96-97 1. What is cultural diffusion? 2. What is diversity? POPULATION & MOVEMENT Core Concept 6 Population Growth World Population = ~7 Billion Demographers are people who study human populations

More information

Age Cohort A group of people who share the same age. age distribution The age structure of a population.

Age Cohort A group of people who share the same age. age distribution The age structure of a population. Anti- Natalist A government policy concerned with limiting population growth. Agriculture Revolution The time when human begins first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting

More information

George R. Boyer Professor of Economics and ICL ILR School, Cornell University

George R. Boyer Professor of Economics and ICL ILR School, Cornell University Original essay prepared for 2013 Employment & Technology Roundtable Cornell University, ILR School April 12, 2013 New York City Robots and Looms: If today s robots are just the automated looms of the 21

More information

The Mastery of Passions

The Mastery of Passions The Mastery of Passions Socioeconomic Status and the Fertility Transition in Stockholm, 1878-1926 Joseph Molitoris & Martin Dribe Centre for Economic Demography Lund University Funded by: Motivation Urbanization

More information

ECON European Economic History The Industrial Revolution John Lovett $1,600 $1,400 $1,200. (Real GDP/capita) $1,000 $800 $600 $400 $200 $ 0

ECON European Economic History The Industrial Revolution John Lovett $1,600 $1,400 $1,200. (Real GDP/capita) $1,000 $800 $600 $400 $200 $ 0 ECON 343 European Economic History The Industrial Revolution John Lovett Exam 3 Code Name: In 28 we cover Perry et al instead. Objective Section: 7 pts, 2.5 points each unless noted. ( points This is just

More information

CHAPTER 18: ANTITRUST POLICY AND REGULATION

CHAPTER 18: ANTITRUST POLICY AND REGULATION CHAPTER 18: ANTITRUST POLICY AND REGULATION The information in Chapter 18, while important, is only tested on the AP economics exam in the context of monopolies as discussed in Chapter 10. The important

More information

WELCOME! Professors Jay Aronson, Bernardine Dias, Joe Mertz and Rahul Tongia Fall 2007

WELCOME! Professors Jay Aronson, Bernardine Dias, Joe Mertz and Rahul Tongia Fall 2007 WELCOME! Professors Jay Aronson, Bernardine Dias, Joe Mertz and Rahul Tongia Fall 2007 Instructor Introductions Aronson and Mertz are main instructors for undergraduate version Dias and Tongia are main

More information

CASE 12: INCOME INEQUALITY, POVERTY, AND JUSTICE

CASE 12: INCOME INEQUALITY, POVERTY, AND JUSTICE CASE 12: INCOME INEQUALITY, POVERTY, AND JUSTICE The Big Picture The headline in the financial section of the January 20, 2015 edition of USA Today read, By 2016 1% will have 50% of total global wealth.

More information

Population and Migration. Chapters 2 and 3 Test Review

Population and Migration. Chapters 2 and 3 Test Review Population and Migration Chapters 2 and 3 Test Review 1. What is land suited for agriculture? 1. Farm Land 2. Brain Drain 3. Arable Land 4. Crop Land 1. What is land suited for agriculture? 1. Farm Land

More information

Population Problems in LEDCs

Population Problems in LEDCs Exam Practice When you sit your exams it is important that you understand exactly what the question wants and know what the examiner will be looking for Exam Practice Exam Practice Population Problems

More information

Review of Ma Yinchu onchinese Population Mohammad Mainul Islam¹

Review of Ma Yinchu onchinese Population Mohammad Mainul Islam¹ ISSN 1997-1052 Abstract Review of Ma Yinchu onchinese Population Mohammad Mainul Islam¹ Pang Lihua² Chen Gong³ Zheng Xiaoying 1 In the history of population studies in China a noted scholar named Ma Yinchu

More information

Chapter 18 Development and Globalization

Chapter 18 Development and Globalization Chapter 18 Development and Globalization 1. Levels of Development 2. Issues in Development 3. Economies in Transition 4. Challenges of Globalization Do the benefits of economic development outweigh the

More information

Economic Systems. Essential Questions. How do different societies around the world meet their economic systems?

Economic Systems. Essential Questions. How do different societies around the world meet their economic systems? Economic Systems Essential Questions How do different societies around the world meet their economic systems? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each system? Terms to know: Economics Economist

More information

PS 124A Midterm, Fall 2013

PS 124A Midterm, Fall 2013 PS 124A Midterm, Fall 2013 Choose the best answer and fill in the appropriate bubble. Each question is worth 4 points. 1. The dominant economic power in the first Age of Globalization was a. Rome b. Spain

More information

The reviewer finds it an unusually congenial task to comment

The reviewer finds it an unusually congenial task to comment Annotations 129 the concise, historical summary and the exposition of the possibilities of future development. A valuable selected bibliography is appended. N orman Jolliffe, M.D. PUBLIC HEALTH A N D DEM

More information

Name Date Period BEFORE YOU BEGIN. Looking at the Chapter. Economic Development: Less-developed countries (LDCs)

Name Date Period BEFORE YOU BEGIN. Looking at the Chapter. Economic Development: Less-developed countries (LDCs) ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT BEFORE YOU BEGIN Looking at the Fill in the blank spaces with the missing words. Economic vs. Economic Less developed countries have relatively low or. Economic Development: Less-developed

More information

MAGNET Migration and Governance Network An initiative of the Swiss Development Cooperation

MAGNET Migration and Governance Network An initiative of the Swiss Development Cooperation International Labour Organization ILO Regional Office for the Arab States MAGNET Migration and Governance Network An initiative of the Swiss Development Cooperation The Kuwaiti Labour Market and Foreign

More information

Our World: Paradoxes, Problems and the Need to Change. José Narro Robles Rector of UNAM Woodrow Wilson Center Washington, USA June 2012

Our World: Paradoxes, Problems and the Need to Change. José Narro Robles Rector of UNAM Woodrow Wilson Center Washington, USA June 2012 Our World: Paradoxes, Problems and the Need to Change José Narro Robles Rector of UNAM Woodrow Wilson Center Washington, USA June 2012 Aknowledgments I would like to express my gratitude for this opportunity

More information

The WTO AoA Impact on the World Rice Price and Poverty in Thailand

The WTO AoA Impact on the World Rice Price and Poverty in Thailand The WTO AoA Impact on the World Rice Price and Poverty in Thailand An Honors Thesis for the Department of Economics By Pongrat Aroonvatanaporn Tufts University, 2004 Table of Contents: Abstract...3 Introduction.4

More information

The Industrial Revolution Begins ( )

The Industrial Revolution Begins ( ) Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. Chapter 20, Section World History: Connection to Today Chapter 20 The Industrial Revolution

More information

Population Composition

Population Composition Unit-II Chapter-3 People of any country are diverse in many respects. Each person is unique in her/his own way. People can be distinguished by their age, sex and their place of residence. Some of the other

More information

Introduction: The State of Europe s Population, 2003

Introduction: The State of Europe s Population, 2003 Introduction: The State of Europe s Population, 2003 Changes in the size, growth and composition of the population are of key importance to policy-makers in practically all domains of life. To provide

More information

Contemporary Human Geography, 2e. Chapter 9. Development. Lectures. Karl Byrand, University of Wisconsin-Sheboygan Pearson Education, Inc.

Contemporary Human Geography, 2e. Chapter 9. Development. Lectures. Karl Byrand, University of Wisconsin-Sheboygan Pearson Education, Inc. Contemporary Human Geography, 2e Lectures Chapter 9 Development Karl Byrand, University of Wisconsin-Sheboygan 9.1 Human Development Index Development The process of improving the material conditions of

More information

Note Taking Study Guide DAWN OF THE INDUSTRIAL AGE

Note Taking Study Guide DAWN OF THE INDUSTRIAL AGE SECTION 1 DAWN OF THE INDUSTRIAL AGE Focus Question: What events helped bring about the Industrial Revolution? As you read this section in your textbook, complete the following flowchart to list multiple

More information

NAME DATE CLASS. Directions: Answer each of the following questions. Include in your answers the vocabulary words in parentheses.

NAME DATE CLASS. Directions: Answer each of the following questions. Include in your answers the vocabulary words in parentheses. Vocabulary Activity Content Vocabulary Directions: Answer each of the following questions. Include in your answers the vocabulary words in parentheses. 1. What does the term crude birthrate have to do

More information

Unit 3 - Geography of Population: Demography, Migration

Unit 3 - Geography of Population: Demography, Migration Unit 3 - Geography of Population: Demography, Migration 38:180 Human Geography 2.1 Demography Demography is the study of the size and composition of population, including the dynamics of population change,

More information

International Economics Day 2. Douglas J Young Professor Emeritus MSU

International Economics Day 2. Douglas J Young Professor Emeritus MSU International Economics Day 2 Douglas J Young Professor Emeritus MSU djyoung@montana.edu Goals/Schedule 1. How does International Trade affect Jobs, Wages and the Cost of Living? 2. How Do Trade Barriers

More information

4 Rebuilding a World Economy: The Post-war Era

4 Rebuilding a World Economy: The Post-war Era 4 Rebuilding a World Economy: The Post-war Era The Second World War broke out a mere two decades after the end of the First World War. It was fought between the Axis powers (mainly Nazi Germany, Japan

More information

Urban Demography. Nan Astone, PhD Johns Hopkins University

Urban Demography. Nan Astone, PhD Johns Hopkins University This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License. Your use of this material constitutes acceptance of that license and the conditions of use of materials on this

More information

Irving Fisher ON POVERTY & DEVELOPMENT

Irving Fisher ON POVERTY & DEVELOPMENT Irving Fisher { ON POVERTY & DEVELOPMENT {What is it? {What is it? Poverty as defined by the United Nations: Absolute Poverty a condition characterised by severe deprivation of basic human needs, including

More information

1400 hrs 14 June The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): The Role of Governments and Public Service Notes for Discussion

1400 hrs 14 June The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): The Role of Governments and Public Service Notes for Discussion 1400 hrs 14 June 2010 Slide I The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): The Role of Governments and Public Service Notes for Discussion I The Purpose of this Presentation is to review progress in the Achievement

More information

The Minimum Wage. Introduction. Impacts on Employment

The Minimum Wage. Introduction. Impacts on Employment The Minimum Wage Copyright 2013 by Tony Lima. Permission is granted to quote entire paragraphs of text without editing. If you wish to edit a paragraph, I must approve your editing before you publish it.

More information

5.1 and 5.3-Populations. Essential Question: What factors can be used to describe populations in an ecosystem?

5.1 and 5.3-Populations. Essential Question: What factors can be used to describe populations in an ecosystem? Warm up: Kahoot 5.1 and 5.3-Populations Essential Question: What factors can be used to describe populations in an ecosystem? Describing Populations Researchers study populations : geographic range density

More information

World Population A.D World Population from the Beginnings to the Present. Words

World Population A.D World Population from the Beginnings to the Present. Words 1 Today, about 6 billion people live on our earth. Each year, the world s population grows by about 80 million. If it continues to grow at such a rate the world s population will reach 9 billion by the

More information