Realizing the rights of indigenous children in MICs. Experiences from Peru

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1 Realizing the rights of indigenous children in MICs Experiences from Peru

2 As Peru s economy grows, inequalities persist Almost 30 million people $5,880 GNI per capita 6.4% average GDP growth between 2002 and GINI

3 As Peru s economy grows, inequalities persist 80 % of poverty by residence Total Urban Rural Rural Amazon

4 Indigenous children are Peru s poorest and most excluded Over 1 million indigenous children Approximately 12% of Peru s child population 56.3% live in rural areas Particularly excluded in the Amazon region

5 Indigenous children are Peru s poorest and most excluded 70 % of poverty by mother tongue Spanish Indigenous

6 Indigenous children are Peru s poorest and most excluded % of child poverty by mother tongue Poverty Spanish Indigenous Extreme poverty

7 IMPROVING EDUCATION FOR INDIGENOUS CHILDREN

8 Indigenous children are falling behind at school % of primary school children who repeat Urban 9.2 Rural

9 Indigenous children are dropping out % of children who leave school early Urban 10.5 Rural

10 What s holding indigenous children back? 46% don t receive education in their mother tongue 15% of IBE teachers are trained No appetite for reform at the national level ( )

11 UNICEF s intercultural bilingual education strategies Generating knowledge: qualitative studies and data disaggregated by mother tongue Advocacy: modeling and linking experiences in the field with upstream advocacy Capacity development: teachers and managers Monitoring

12 Results National intercultural bilingual education budget (millions of nuevos soles)

13 Results IBE is a national priority Scale-up at national level of text books in indigenous languages produced by UNICEF Intercultural bilingual education database Strengthened capacity at the national and regional levels

14 IMPROVING REGISTRATION OF INDIGENOUS CHILDREN

15 Indigenous children are more likely to be undocumented % of undocumented children 3 to 5 years by mother tongue Spanish Indigenous Asháninka

16 Why are indigenous children undocumented? Registry offices geographically inaccessible Indigenous families often couldn t meet registration requirements Racial discrimination Lack of recognition of indigenous cultural identity

17 UNICEF s birth registration strategies Capacity development and social mobilization: indigenous registrars Advocacy: national registry office, municipalities Partnerships: government, indigenous organizations

18 Results 25 % of indocumentation in children 0-5 years Total Amazon

19 Results Increased registration coverage of indigenous children Integration of traditional indigenous systems in the national registration processes Recognition of indigenous names and cultural identities

20 IMPROVING THE HEALTH OF INDIGENOUS CHILDREN

21 A 77% reduction in child mortality, but gaps remain Neonatal, infant, and child mortality by residence, 2012 Neonatal Infant Urban Rural Child

22 Indigenous women less likely to access skilled attendants 100 % of births in health institutions by residence Urban Rural Total

23 UNICEF s health strategies for indigenous children Generating knowledge: making geographic, economic and cultural disparities visible Intercultural focus: studies on indigenous birth delivery and child-rearing practices Capacity development: culturally relevant health service delivery and management Community mobilization: surveillance of pregnant women and newborns

24 Results Inclusion of ethnicity in Ministry of Health administrative data systems Increased demand for and coverage of institutional deliveries that resulted in reduced neonatal and maternal mortality National strategies to remove geographic and cultural barriers to health services by indigenous groups

25 REDUCING CHRONIC MALNUTRITION IN INDIGENOUS CHILDREN

26 A 19% decline in chronic malnutrition, but gaps remain Chronic malnutrition in children under 5 by residence, 2012 Urban 10.5 Rural

27 Why are indigenous children disadvantaged? Early childhood not a priority for families and public health systems Limited access to animal protein Limited access and poor quality health services where they live

28 UNICEF s nutrition strategies Municipalities invest in generation of information Advocacy: results-based budgets and improved quality of spending Modeling effective strategies: use of MNP, zinc Community social surveillance: of children and counseling of families Convener: of local governments and health service providers

29 Results Inclusion of excluded populations in government policies and programmes Inclusion of MNP and zinc in MoH prevention and treatment protocols and budgets Strengthening and expansion of community surveillance system Holistic approach: education and protection introduced in national ECD strategies

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