Population growth affects citizens perceptions of community strength, identity and cohesion

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Population growth affects citizens perceptions of community strength, identity and cohesion"

Transcription

1 Introduction to Demographics Information on the demographic makeup of New Zealand s six largest cities is critical to understanding the nature of urban communities and how they are changing. Factors such as age, ethnicity, income, and migration are often key determinants of outcomes across a whole range of issues. What s in this chapter? Indicators include: Population growth Age structure Social deprivation Net external migration Household composition Low income families with children Ethnicity Income There is very little socio-demographic data available either at the six-city level, or able to be broken down further (for example, by ethnicity). Therefore, most of the data within this chapter comes from the 1996 Census. Impacts and relationships with other areas in this report This chapter describes the differences and disparities between population groups within and between the six largest cities and the rest of New Zealand. The pace of change within cities and the diversity of people impacts on outcomes in all chapters of this report. For example: Income is a key determinant of health outcomes. Population growth affects citizens perceptions of community strength, identity and cohesion Financial and social deprivation affects the ability of individuals and communities to access services, facilities and networks that provide adequate social support. Age structure within cities is a key determinant of the future supply of the workforce which, linked with qualification rates and industry structures, gives an insight in to future training needs and the match between employment needs and the likely local labour force. Changing patterns of household composition (e.g. more than two families living in a household) have implications for health outcomes. Key points There are vast differences in the socio-demographic makeup of New Zealand s six largest cities, but all share the common factor of being large urbanised areas, with inherent impacts on physical and social infrastructure. Furthermore, the populations within these cities are expected to grow - it is estimated that 9% of New Zealand s total population growth in the next twenty years will take place in the North Island, with the four cities of Auckland accounting for more than half of the projected population growth. Some characteristics of the socio-demographic makeup of New Zealand s six largest cities include: ethnic diversity within and between cities increasing income inequality population ageing, especially within the European population an increasing number of children living in low-income families, with Maori, Pacific Islands and Asian children over-represented in comparison with their proportion within the general population. Existing issues such as inequality and social deprivation are likely to have marked impacts on outcomes in other sectors, both now and into the future. Demographics Introduction to Demographics 11

2 Population Growth What this is about New Zealand has one of the most highly urbanised populations in the world. 1 In 1996, over one third (39%) of New Zealand s population lived in the six largest cities (approximately 1,444, people). Tracking population growth in our major cities ensures that funding, services and facilities are provided to meet the needs of fast growing communities. This indicator highlights the fast pace of growth in cities, especially in the Auckland Region. What did we find? Between 1991 and 1996 population growth in New Zealand averaged around 7.2%, with increased immigration being a key contributor. During this period, the rate of population growth in the four largest cities within the Auckland Region was double that for the rest of New Zealand. This trend has continued, with growth in the Auckland Region for the twelve months to June 2 estimated to be three times higher than the average national growth. For the six largest cities, the average annual population growth between 1991 and 1996 was around 2.2% spurred not only by immigration but from natural population increases and internal migration flows. 2 Approximately 135, new people moved into New Zealand s six largest cities between 1991 and Whilst the Auckland Region received more overseas immigrants than internal migrants (people moving from within New Zealand), the opposite was true in both Wellington and Canterbury Regions where internal migration was a more dominant force. AGE POPULATION GROWTH, BY CITY (1991 TO 1996) NORTH SHORE WAITAKERE WELLINGTON CHRISTCHURCH REST OF NZ Although population growth has generally slowed since the last Census, it is estimated that a further 134,451 people have made New Zealand s six largest cities their home since Two thirds of the nation s population growth has taken place in the six cities, with the rest of New Zealand growing by around 4% in the 1996 to 2 period. 1 Professor Richard Bedford Population Change and Urban Expansion and Infrastructure. Paper presented to the NZ Population Conference. 2 Fertility rates in Manukau, Auckland and Waitakere Cities are relatively high. This reflects the population age structure and higher proportions of Maori and Pacific Islands people (populations that tend to have higher fertility rates). 3 Calculated from Statistics New Zealand estimates for 3 June Quality of Life

3 POPULATION COUNTS, BY CITY (1996 TO 2) 1996 (Number) 2 ( June estimate) Auckland 345, ,1 Manukau 254, ,7 North Shore 172, ,7 Waitakere 155, ,1 Wellington 157, ,4 Christchurch 39,28 324,9 It is estimated that 9% of New Zealand s total population growth in the next twenty years will take place in the North Island, with the four cities of Auckland accounting for more than half of the growth. Manukau is expected to become New Zealand s second largest city by around 213 (currently Christchurch). 4 POPULATION PROJECTIONS TO 221, BY CITY Year Auckland Manukau North Shore Waitakere Wellington Christchurch , 29,9 192, 176,4 169,1 327, ,5 314,5 25,2 19,2 173,9 336, ,5 336, 218, 23,3 178, 344, ,5 357,5 23,4 216,4 182, 352, , 38, 242,6 229,8 185,9 358,5 (median projections, based on 1996 baseline) Net External Migration What this is about Net external migration is the number of overseas arrivals into each city less the number of overseas departures. The indicator highlights the number of New Zealand nationals and migrants arriving and leaving the six largest cities and provides an insight into the relative attractiveness of working and living in this country. What did we find? The four largest cities in the Auckland Region saw more people arrive than leave in the 198s. However, this was not the case in Wellington and Christchurch where there was a net migration loss until 1991, consistent with national trends. Between 1991 and 1996, the net external migration trend reversed, with all six cities experiencing significant net gains. Auckland and Christchurch City had the biggest increases over this time. The main reason for the change between 1991 and 1996 was the increasing level of immigration. For example, in 1996 around 5% of all new immigrants were living in the Auckland Region. 4 Len Cook New Zealand Current and Future Population Dynamics. Presentation to the NZ Population Conference. Population Growth/Migration 13

4 The Auckland Region wasn t the only city influenced by immigration during the 199s. Some cities and regions undertook targeted marketing campaigns to attract new residents during the mid 199s. For example Christchurch City went from a net external migration loss of 42 people to a net external migration increase of 12,59. External migration flows, both nationally and into the six largest cities, have slowed considerably in the last five years. For the first time since 199, overall departures exceeded arrivals in 1999, resulting in a net outflow of 14, people from New Zealand. 5 Since 1995, there has been a downward trend for permanent and long-term migrant arrivals. For example, in 1999 there were 26% less permanent and long term migrant arrivals in the six largest cities than in NET EXTERNAL MIGRATION TRENDS, BY CITY (1981 TO 2) NUMBER OF PEOPLE 3, 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, -5, NORTH SHORE WAITAKERE WELLINGTON CHRISTCHURCH -1, Immigrants into New Zealand tend to come from the same countries. Since 1996, Australia and the United Kingdom (UK) have been the most common source countries. However, it should be noted that New Zealanders returning home are also included in these figures and are likely to have a significant impact on results. COUNTRY OF LAST RESIDENCE 6 FOR PERMANENT AND LONG TERM ARRIVALS INTO NEW ZEALAND, BY CITY (1996 TO 1999) Ranking #1 Ranking #2 Ranking #3 Ranking #4 Ranking #5 Auckland UK Australia Japan China India Manukau Australia UK Western Samoa Hong Kong Taiwan North Shore UK Australia South Africa Taiwan Japan Waitakere Australia UK China Western Samoa Hong Kong Wellington UK Australia USA Japan India Christchurch UK Australia Japan Taiwan Malaysia 5 Statistics New Zealand Demographic Trends. Wellington. 6 Country of last residence does not necessarily indicate that the individual is a citizen of that country. 14 Quality of Life

5 Ethnicity What this is about Ethnicity is identification with those who share racial, linguistic, religious and other traits. Ethnic identity is recognised as involving personal identity and individual perception and choice. In the 1996 Census, respondents could choose more than one ethnicity and over 15% of New Zealanders indicated that they belonged to more than one ethnic group. This figure is up significantly from 5% at the 1991 Census. 7 This indicator outlines proportions of the main umbrella ethnic groupings within each city and the rest of New Zealand. Within each of these broad ethnic groupings there are many smaller ethnic populations, each with its own age structure, customs, and settlement history in New Zealand. At the 1996 Census there were more than 2 separate ethnic identities recorded nationally, although fewer than 3 had more than 4, members. Ethnic diversity brings with it a wide range of languages, cultural values, and spiritual beliefs. Increasing ethnic diversity has implications for the range of services that need to be provided and for the way they are provided. What did we find? The ethnic composition of the six largest cities is varied. For example, while North Shore and Christchurch Cities have relatively large proportions of Europeans, others - such as Manukau and Auckland Cities - are more diverse. Compared to the rest of New Zealand, the six largest cities have a higher proportion of Asian and Pacific Islands residents. With the exception of Manukau City, the six largest cities have a smaller comparative Maori population. In 1996, Auckland City was home to the highest number of Asian residents and Manukau City was home to the highest number of Pacific Islands and Maori people. ETHNIC COMPOSITION OF NEW ZEALAND S SIX LARGEST CITIES (1996) ASIAN PACIFIC ISLAND NZ MAORI EUROPEAN NORTH SHORE WAITAKERE WELLINGTON CHRISTCHURCH REST OF NZ 7 Data on ethnic identity used in this report has undergone a system of prioritising multiple responses in order to allow them to total 1%. Responses are prioritised in this order Maori, Pacific People, Asian, Other and European. For example, those who indicated both Maori and European ethnic identity in their Census form have been counted here as Maori. 8 Data for Other ethnic groups has not been included in this graph as the numbers are very small that is, less than 1%. Ethnicity 15

6 CHANGES IN ETHNIC IDENTITY People identifying as European within the six largest cities decreased from 82.5% in 1991 to 79.6% in 1996, whereas the proportion of other ethnic identities increased. The most pronounced decrease was recorded in North Shore City, from 87.8% to 77.7%. The overall proportion of New Zealanders identifying as Maori increased from 12.9% in 1991 to 14.5% in 1996, a rise of 1.6%. 9 Waitakere recorded the largest increase in Maori, from 15,474 in 1991 to 2,181 in Nationally, the number of persons identifying as Pacific Islanders increased by 35, in the inter-censal period. There was a slight increase in the six largest cities with the exception of Auckland City, which experienced a 1% decrease in the proportion of persons identifying as Pacific Islanders. The fastest growing ethnic population between 1991 and 1996 was Asian, which rose from 99,759 to 173,52 nationally, a rise of 73%. The proportion of Asian residents increased between 1991 and 1996 in all six cities, especially those in the Auckland Region. For example, the relative proportion in Auckland City rose from 7.9% in 1991 to 12.5% in This was largely due to immigration. CHARACTERISTICS OF ETHNIC GROUPS IN NEW ZEALAND (1991 TO 1996) Census population Population Belonging to Aged Born Median change more than under 5 overseas age one ethnic years (%) (%) (number) (number) (%) group (%) European 2,783,25 2,879, Maori 434, , Pacific Island 167,7 22, Asian 99, , Total 3,373,926 3,618, PROJECTIONS FOR MAORI AND PACIFIC ISLANDS POPULATIONS Medium range projections prepared by Statistics New Zealand estimate that both the Maori and Pacific Islands populations in New Zealand will continue to grow. Maori Within the participating cities, the largest Maori population growth is expected to occur in Manukau City. By 216, it is estimated that Manukau will increase by 18,3 Maori - an increase of 41% since The cities of Waitakere, Christchurch and Auckland are also expected to undergo considerable growth within this ethnic group. Pacific Islands Considerable growth within the Pacific Islands population in New Zealand is expected in the next quarter of a century. This growth will be particularly strong in Manukau City, where there will be an anticipated increase of 31,8 Pacific Islands residents by the year an increase of 58% since The cities of Waitakere and Auckland are also predicted to undergo growth in this ethnic group, but on a smaller scale. 9 Some of this increase may be due to the different way that the ethnicity question was framed in the 1996 Census. 16 Quality of Life

7 PROJECTED GROWTH WITHIN ETHNIC GROUPINGS, BY CITY (1996 TO 216) 7, 63,4 MAORI 1, 86,7 PACIFIC ISLANDS NUMBER OF PEOPLE 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 33, NUMBER OF PEOPLE NORTH SHORE WAITAKERE 41,7 WELLINGTON CHRISTCHURCH 45,1 12,9 17,7 21,2 8, 6, 4, 2, NORTH SHORE WAITAKERE WELLINGTON CHRISTCHURCH 31,6 12,8 15,2 22,5 32,4 44, 58,7 54,9 4,6 7,8 17, 29, 7,8 1,1 6,3 1,3 (based on 1996 data, medium projections) OVERSEAS BORN POPULATION According to the 1996 Census there were 65,61 overseas born people living in New Zealand. Almost three in every four New Zealanders born in the UK or Ireland, and over half of those born in Europe, had lived here for 2 years or more. Of those born in Asian and South African countries, over half had been in New Zealand for less than five years. The most urbanised of the new immigrants were the Asian and Pacific Island born with more than 98% living in urban areas. LANGUAGES SPOKEN In New Zealand, 13% of the population speak two or more languages. Of those who do speak two or more languages, 52% live in New Zealand s six largest cities. Manukau and Auckland appear to be the most multilingual cities in New Zealand, with around 21% of Auckland residents and 23% of Manukau residents speaking two or more languages. Across the cities, the wards with the highest percentage of people speaking two or more languages were: Otara Ward (Manukau) 38% Mangere Ward (Manukau) 34% Mt Roskill Ward (Auckland) 26% Tamaki Ward (Auckland) 26%. FIVE MOST COMMON LANGUAGES SPOKEN (OTHER THAN ENGLISH), BY REGION (1996) Total Population 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th Auckland 1,68,645 Samoan NZ Maori Cantonese Chinese Tongan French Region (46,851) (31,98) (21,696) (16,527) (15,48) Wellington 414,48 NZ Maori Samoan French German Cantonese Chinese Region (14,931) (13,572) (7,89) (4,998) (4,41) Canterbury 468,39 NZ Maori French German Dutch Samoan Region (7,974) (6,219) (4,68) (4,233) (3,564) Ethnicity 17

8 Age Structure What this is about This indicator focuses on the age structure across New Zealand s six largest cities. The age structure of a community is one of its fundamental characteristics and impacts on the range of services, facilities and opportunities that need to be planned for and provided at a local level - that is, different things need to be provided for different age groups. What did we find? New Zealand has a higher proportion of children than in many other industrialised nations. In 1996, 23% of New Zealand s population was under the age of 15 years. In 1996 North Shore, Auckland and Christchurch Cities had the largest proportions of people aged 65 years and over, while Manukau and Waitakere Cities had the largest proportions of those aged under 19 years. There are higher proportions of people aged 2 to 44 years living in the six largest cities than in the rest of New Zealand. This is due to work, income and educational opportunities being greater in New Zealand s largest urban areas. Wellington City had the largest proportion of residents aged between 2 and 44 years (nearly half of its population at 46.9%) compared with 38.1% for Manukau City and 39.1% for North Shore City. AGE STRUCTURE WITHIN NEW ZEALAND S SIX LARGEST CITIES (1996) OVER 65 YRS YRS YRS 5-19 YRS NORTH SHORE WAITAKERE WELLINGTON CHRISTCHURCH REST OF NZ UNDER 5 YRS THE AGEING OF THE NEW ZEALAND POPULATION Like other nations, New Zealand s population is ageing. At the beginning of the century New Zealand had a very youthful population with half of all citizens below the age of 23 years. Transitions in fertility (e.g. trends towards later child bearing age and smaller families) and mortality (longer lives due to factors such as improved medical treatments) provided the necessary ingredients for the demographic process called population ageing. Nationally, the median age has increased from 29.6 years in 1986 to 33 years in The ratio of younger people to older people has also halved from 4:1 in 1966 to 2:1 in With the exception of North Shore and Christchurch Cities, the median age in New Zealand s largest cities tends to be slightly younger than the national median. 18 Quality of Life

9 CURRENT AND PROJECTED MEDIAN AGE WITHIN NEW ZEALAND S SIX LARGEST CITIES 1996 (yrs) 21 (yrs) 211 (yrs) 221 (yrs) Auckland Manukau North Shore Waitakere Wellington Christchurch AGE AND ETHNICITY The ageing population trend is more specific to the New Zealand European population. Maori, Pacific Islands and Asian populations tend to be younger than NZ European. In 1996, the median age for Maori was 21.4 years, well below the New Zealand median of 33 years. Maori now account for one in every four of all New Zealand children under five years and 23.6% of children under 15 years. The Pacific Islands populations have some of the youngest age structures of any ethnic group within the national population. The median age in 1996 was 2.4 years. Comparing the age structures for the six largest cities to those for the rest of New Zealand, there is a tendency for those aged 5 to 14 years and 45 years and over, to live outside the six largest cities, especially for European and Maori populations. AGE STRUCTURE BY ETHNICITY FOR NEW ZEALAND S SIX LARGEST CITIES (1996) 65 yrs and over 2.2 MAORI 65 yrs and over 3.3 PACIFIC ISLANDS yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs 21.8 Under 5 yrs 13.6 Under 5 yrs yrs and over 2.2 ASIAN 65 yrs and over 13.9 EUROPEAN yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs 11.3 Under 5 yrs 7.9 Under 5 yrs Age Structure 19

10 Household Composition What this is about Household composition reflects living arrangements within New Zealand households, as measured in the Census. A household for Census purposes comprises the person or persons who reside in a private dwelling, and a family is defined as a husband or wife (in a legal or de-facto marriage) with or without children of any age living in the same dwelling or a sole parent, of any marital status, living with children of any age. 11 Household composition can reflect the impact of changing social trends (e.g. later marriages, lower fertility rates and independent living) as well as economic pressures (such as housing costs, tertiary education fees and incomes) and cultural preferences (eg. extended family and intergenerational living). What did we find? HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION While most people still live in a family, the 1996 Census detected more people choosing to live alone or in relationships that do not include children. The highest proportions of non-family and one person households are in Wellington and Auckland Cities. This probably reflects the larger numbers of single, professional people and students living in the inner-city areas. The six largest cities have a lower proportion of couple only households when compared to the rest of New Zealand. Compared to the rest of New Zealand, Auckland, Waitakere and Manukau Cities have a much higher rate of two or more families living in the same house. This is may be due to increasing housing costs leading to doubling up of families in one house and may also reflect patterns of intergenerational living common in Maori, Asian and Pacific Islands cultures. In 1996, Manukau City s rate of households with two or more families (7.2%) was three times greater than the rest of New Zealand. HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION, BY CITY (1996) NORTH SHORE WAITAKERE WELLINGTON CHRISTCHURCH REST OF NZ TWO OR MORE FAMILIES ONE FAMILY COUPLE ONLY ONE PERSON NON-FAMILY 11 It is acknowledged that Census based family data reflects predominantly European definitions of nuclear based family structures. Some have argued that this approach does not capture satisfactorily the structures found in present day New Zealand (Shirley, Koopman Boyden, Pool and St. John Family Change and family policies: New Zealand.) For example, a grandmother, mother and three children living together in the same house would officially be counted as two families. However, they may view themselves as being one family rather than two. 2 Quality of Life

11 OF HOUSEHOLDS WITH TWO OR MORE FAMILIES RESIDENT, BY CITY (1991 AND 1996) NORTH SHORE WAITAKERE WELLINGTON CHRISTCHURCH REST OF NZ Between 1991 and 1996, the proportion of households with two or more families increased at a rate of at least 5% in the six largest cities, compared to a 3% increase for the rest of New Zealand. AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD SIZE In 1996, the average number of household members nationally was 2.7 people. Four of the six largest cities were at or above this figure, especially Manukau City with an average of 3.4 persons per household. Several wards in the Auckland Region were found to have particularly high average numbers of household members, namely Massey (3.3), Manurewa (3.4), Mangere (4.1) and Otara (4.6). AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD SIZE, BY CITY (1996) Average number of household members Auckland 2.7 Manukau 3.4 North Shore 2.8 Waitakere 3. Wellington 2.6 Christchurch 2.6 Household Composition 21

12 Income What this is about This section focuses on household and personal income of citizens in the six largest cities and is based on Census data. Income is a key determinant of individual, family and community wellbeing and is the single most important modifiable determinant related to health and quality of life in general. Income levels indicate the ability of citizens to meet their needs and directly correlates with their conditions of health, education, social interaction, housing, leisure and general life style. It should be noted that income data in this section has not been equivalised, that is, it has not been adjusted to take into account household composition. What did we find? MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME With the exception of Christchurch City, median household income tends to be higher in the six cities than in the rest of New Zealand. This is partly off-set by the higher costs of living in cities. Between 1991 and 1996 there was a national increase in median household income of 12.6%. Most cities followed the national trend, with the exception of Auckland City. In Auckland the median household income for the 1991 to 1996 period increased by 23%, from $34,189 to $42,164 per annum. A possible reason for this was the rapid pace of gentrification 12 across a number of key wards and suburbs bordering the central city, drawing in young upwardly mobile professionals with higher incomes. Large variations within cities are often lost when city wide medians are focussed on. For example, in Christchurch, the 1996 median household for the Fendalton Ward was $4,935, whereas in the Hagley Ward it was only $25,335. Similarly in Manukau City, the Howick Ward had a median household income of $53,28 whereas $36,5 was the median in the Otara Ward. MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME, BY CITY (1991 AND 1996) 1991 ($) 1996 ($) Auckland 34,189 42,164 Manukau 37,78 42,772 North Shore 41,719 46,997 Waitakere 36,335 41,65 Wellington 46,39 5,998 Christchurch 29,336 32,962 Total New Zealand 3,91 34,825 PERSONAL INCOME ENDS OF THE SCALE In 1996, the median personal income nationally was $15,63 (of all persons aged 15 years and over). 13 There has been much concern at the growing gap between income earners at the lower and upper ends of the scale in recent years. 12 Gentrification is where older areas are renovated and upgraded, usually by more affluent households moving into the area, thus forcing lower income households out of these areas. 13 Personal income data presented in this section covers all income sources, for example from employment, own business, asset ownership, superannuation and capital income. This data covers the general population within the age bracket, including those working, those not working, students and retired people. People who had a zero income are also included. 22 Quality of Life

13 National income inequality increased substantially between 1986 and 1991, and continues to do so. 14 The proportion of people at the lower end of the income scale outweighs the proportion at the upper end. 15 The cities with a greater relative share of people in the upper income bracket generally also had a lower share of people in the lower income bracket. Of the six largest cities, Wellington had the highest proportion of personal incomes greater than $7, p.a. (7%). This is probably due to the high concentration of professionals living in the capital. It also appears there are more high income earners living in the six largest cities than within the general New Zealand population. In 1996 the proportion of people aged years earning less than $2, p.a. in the six cities was higher than in the rest of New Zealand whereas the proportion earning less than $1, p.a. was similar. PROPORTION OF POPULATION AGED 15 YEARS AND OVER IN PERSONAL INCOME BRACKETS, BY CITY (1996) 7 LESS THAN $2, PA 8 $7, PA OR MORE NORTH SHORE WAITAKERE WELLINGTON CHRISTCHURCH TOTAL NEW ZEALAND NORTH SHORE WAITAKERE WELLINGTON CHRISTCHURCH TOTAL NEW ZEALAND Analysis of income by ethnicity indicates that Maori, Pacific Islands and Asian populations are earning less than their European counterparts. However, this income data has not been age standardised and the younger nature of these populations will have an impact on their relative proportions in the various income groups. That is, populations with younger age structures tend to have lower incomes. AGE OF PEOPLE WITHIN EACH ETHNIC GROUP AGED 15 YEARS AND OVER (IN SIX LARGEST CITIES) WITHIN EACH INCOME BRACKET (1996) less than $2, p.a. (%) more than $7, p.a. (%) European 49 5 Maori 58 2 Pacific Islands 65 1 Asian 7 2 The large proportion of the Asian population in the lowest income brackets may be due to the following factors: younger age structure of the Asian population (many young Asian people are studying full time) lower rate of overall labour force participation by the Asian community and difficulties in obtaining employment for many new Asian immigrants undeclared or overseas income a large number of refugees within the Asian ethnic group many Asian families can be seen to be asset rich but cash poor, that is, not generating an income through regular employment Statistics New Zealand NZ Now Incomes. 15 Figures at the upper and lower end of the income scale must be treated with some caution, as upper income earners are less likely to respond to income questions and very low income earners sometimes hide income as assets and under report their incomes. 16 It should be noted that there is significant variation in income groupings within the various Asian ethnic communities. Income 23

14 BENEFITS RECEIVED Government benefit statistics for the six largest cities show how many working age people (those aged between 15 and 65 years) are receiving some sort of government assistance. This data includes all benefits (for example unemployment, student allowances, domestic purposes benefit) except superannuation payments. Across the six largest cities, the largest proportions of beneficiaries were in the 25 to 44 year age group. TOTAL BENEFICIARIES, BY CITY (YEAR TO MAY 2) Number of beneficiaries May 2 % change from May 1999 Auckland 39, North Shore 14, Manukau 38, Waitakere 2, Wellington 13, Christchurch 42, Data Source: Work and Income New Zealand Maori and Pacific Islands citizens are over-represented in government benefit recipient data for all six cities. However, the opposite is true for European and Asian populations, who are under-represented. Of those people receiving benefits, just over one third have been receiving assistance for more than two years, and of those people, just under 1% are aged 19 to 24 years. Manukau and Waitakere Cities have slightly higher rates than the other cities in this younger age group - probably due to the younger age structure of these cities. NUMBER AND PROPORTION OF BENEFICIARIES RECEIVING BENEFITS FOR TWO OR MORE YEARS, BY CITY (2) Number of beneficiaries receiving benefits for more than 2 years % of beneficiaries receiving benefits for more than 2 years Auckland 14, Manukau 14, North Shore 4, Waitakere 7, Wellington 4, Christchurch 14, Data Source: Work and Income New Zealand 24 Quality of Life

15 Social Deprivation What this is about The New Zealand Social Deprivation Index combines a range of key socio-demographic factors from the 1996 Census and estimates an overall score of material and social deprivation for a particular area, on a scale of 1 (regarded as being least deprived) to 1 (regarded as being the most deprived or experiencing considerable hardship). Social deprivation scores generally reflect the ability of households in an area to achieve positive outcomes in areas such as health, education and employment. Factors included in the Index are: Income: equivalised household income (adjusted for household composition). Income: people aged receiving a means tested benefit. Transport: people with no access to a car. Living Space: equivalised household below a bedroom occupancy threshold. Owned home: people not living in own home. Employment: unemployed people aged 18 to 59 years. Qualifications: people aged 18 to 59 years without any qualifications. Support: people aged less than 6 years living in a sole parent family. Communication: people with no access to a telephone. Auckland and Christchurch Cities follow the national pattern. What did we find? North Shore and Wellington Cities also share a similar trendline - with relatively greater proportions of their populations in the less deprived areas. These two cities have more or less the opposite deprivation trendline to Manukau City. Sixty percent of people in North Shore City and 55% of people in Wellington City live in areas ranked 1 to 3 (least deprived) whereas Manukau City has a marked proportion of its population in deciles 9 and 1 (most deprived). In Waitakere City however, a different pattern emerges with a major bulge appearing in deprivation deciles 6 to 8. This reflects a greater share of below average areas - a grouping who have been particularly hard hit by economic and social restructuring over the last ten years. AGE OF POPULATION LIVING IN DEPRIVATION INDEX DECILES, BY CITY (1996) (% least deprived) (% most deprived) Auckland Manukau North Shore Waitakere Wellington Christchurch Data Source: Health Services Research Council Social Deprivation 25

16 There is considerable variation in Deprivation Index rankings at ward level. The following table notes the wards within the six cities that have the highest proportion of high need areas. WARDS WITHIN THE SIX CITIES WITH THE HIGHEST PROPORTION OF MESHBLOCKS IN DECILES 9 AND 1 (1996) City % of area in decile 9 and 1 Otara Manukau 84 Mangere Manukau 71 Tamaki Auckland 62 Hagley Christchurch 56 Hauraki Gulf Islands Auckland 44 Manurewa Manukau 38 Data Source: Health Services Research Council There are large volumes of people affected by social deprivation within New Zealand s largest urban areas. The New Zealand Deprivation Index indicates that across New Zealand s six largest cities, nearly one quarter of a million people are living in high need areas. For example, although North Shore City has only 2% of its population living within the most deprived areas (deciles 9 & 1), this equates to 3,777 people experiencing deprivation. Low Income Families with Children What this is about Research undertaken by the Family Services Centre in Wellington has estimated that around 6% of median income (adjusted for household composition) is necessary for a family to provide the essentials of food, shelter, clothing, healthcare and transport. 17 For the purpose of this project, family income data has been analysed to ascertain how many families (with children) in the six cities earned less than 6% of the median family income. 18 Financial stress impacts on family relationships and the ability of the family to access a full range of goods, services and opportunities such as leisure, sports, tertiary education, pharmacy prescriptions, and childcare. Children living in families who are financially stressed are likely to have poor outcomes in health and education and are less likely to be able to participate fully in society because of financial constraints. Income inequality is also adversely associated with both mortality and hospitalisation rates. 19 What did we find? Around one fifth of children in families in New Zealand s six largest cities could be said to be living in poverty. In the four largest cities in the Auckland Region, the number of families with children experiencing poverty increased between 1991 and The rate stayed the same in Wellington (18%) and dropped slightly in Christchurch from 19% to 18%. 17 Waldegrave C, Stephens R and Frater P New Zealand Poverty Measurement Project. 18 Within this analysis, income data was segmented into broad income categories in order to estimate the number of families in poverty. For each city, 6% of median family income was calculated. The number of families (with children) in the closest lowest income bracket and below were then assessed. Family income levels have not been equivalised, that is, adjusted for household composition, number and age of children. For example, 6% of 1996 median family income in Wellington was $35,18 the number of families earning less than $3, (the closest income bracket) was calculated. Couple only families and families with non specified income have been excluded from the data set. In all cases, the data reflects a likely underestimate of families with children experiencing financial hardship. 19 Howden-Chapman, Blakely, Blaiklock and Kiro. 2. Closing the Gap. New Zealand Medical Journal. 26 Quality of Life

17 AGE OF FAMILIES (WITH CHILDREN) EARNING LESS THAN 6% OF MEDIAN FAMILY INCOME, BY CITY (1991 AND 1996) NORTH SHORE WAITAKERE WELLINGTON CHRISTCHURCH Generally speaking, families with just one child were the most likely to be living in poverty. Nationally, 71% of one parent families received less than $2, each year, compared with 9% of couples with dependent children. 2 With the exception of Manukau, the majority of families with children living in poverty are European, reflecting the predominance of European ethnicities within the six largest cities. 21 However, Maori, Pacific Islands and Asian families with children are over-represented. In 1996, these ethnic groups made up around 29% of the population in the six cities, but comprised 42% of families with children living in hardship AGE OF FAMILIES (WITH CHILDREN) EARNING LESS THAN 6% OF MEDIAN FAMILY INCOME, BY ETHNICITY (1991 & 1996) 22 Auckland Manukau North Shore Waitakere Wellington Christchurch n=9399 n=8385 n=5346 n=4539 n=483 n=921 % % % % % % European NZ Maori Pacific Island Asian n=11382 n=11322 n=6162 n=5685 n=4332 n=8568 % % % % % % European NZ Maori Pacific Island Asian Looking at proportions of low-income families with children between 1991 and 1996, the general trend was a reduction in the percentage for Maori and Pacific Islands families. However, the relative proportion of Asian families with children who could be seen to be in poverty increased from 6% to 15% in the same period. 2 Statistics New Zealand Census 1996: Highlights Income. 21 Ethnicity of family was calculated using ethnic identities of the adults and data on ethnicity used in this analysis has undergone a system of prioritising responses. For example, where one parent identified as Maori and another as European, the family has been categorised as Maori. 22 Figures do not add up to 1% as the Other ethnic category has not been listed. Low Income Families with Children 27

People. Population size and growth. Components of population change

People. Population size and growth. Components of population change The social report monitors outcomes for the New Zealand population. This section contains background information on the size and characteristics of the population to provide a context for the indicators

More information

People. Population size and growth

People. Population size and growth The social report monitors outcomes for the New Zealand population. This section provides background information on who those people are, and provides a context for the indicators that follow. People Population

More information

Fiscal Impacts of Immigration in 2013

Fiscal Impacts of Immigration in 2013 www.berl.co.nz Authors: Dr Ganesh Nana and Hugh Dixon All work is done, and services rendered at the request of, and for the purposes of the client only. Neither BERL nor any of its employees accepts any

More information

Introduction CHRISTCHURCH CITY UPDATE 2000

Introduction CHRISTCHURCH CITY UPDATE 2000 CHRISTCHURCH CITY UPDATE 2000 Introduction Christchurch City experienced significant population growth during the first half of the 1990s. This trend was fuelled by high levels of international migration,

More information

COMMUNITY PERCEPTIONS OF MIGRANTS AND IMMIGRATION

COMMUNITY PERCEPTIONS OF MIGRANTS AND IMMIGRATION COMMUNITY PERCEPTIONS OF MIGRANTS AND IMMIGRATION 3 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 1.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION This report presents the findings from a Community survey designed to measure New Zealanders

More information

Social and Demographic Trends in Burnaby and Neighbouring Communities 1981 to 2006

Social and Demographic Trends in Burnaby and Neighbouring Communities 1981 to 2006 Social and Demographic Trends in and Neighbouring Communities 1981 to 2006 October 2009 Table of Contents October 2009 1 Introduction... 2 2 Population... 3 Population Growth... 3 Age Structure... 4 3

More information

Introduction to Democracy Why this is important

Introduction to Democracy Why this is important Introduction to Democracy Democracy is defined as government by all the people - direct or representative. New Zealand s political processes are underlined by principles of democracy and representation

More information

Demographic Trends: 2012

Demographic Trends: 2012 Demographic Trends: 2012 1 Crown copyright This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand licence. You are free to copy, distribute, and adapt the work, as long as you attribute

More information

Community perceptions of migrants and immigration. D e c e m b e r

Community perceptions of migrants and immigration. D e c e m b e r Community perceptions of migrants and immigration D e c e m b e r 0 1 OBJECTIVES AND SUMMARY OBJECTIVES The purpose of this research is to build an evidence base and track community attitudes towards migrants

More information

1. A Regional Snapshot

1. A Regional Snapshot SMARTGROWTH WORKSHOP, 29 MAY 2002 Recent developments in population movement and growth in the Western Bay of Plenty Professor Richard Bedford Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research) and Convenor, Migration

More information

Quarterly Labour Market Report. February 2017

Quarterly Labour Market Report. February 2017 Quarterly Labour Market Report February 2017 MB14052 Feb 2017 Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE) Hikina Whakatutuki - Lifting to make successful MBIE develops and delivers policy, services,

More information

Executive summary. Migration Trends and Outlook 2014/15

Executive summary. Migration Trends and Outlook 2014/15 Executive summary This annual report is the 15th in a series that examines trends in temporary and permanent migration to and from New Zealand. The report updates trends to 2014/15 and compares recent

More information

8th International Metropolis Conference, Vienna, September 2003

8th International Metropolis Conference, Vienna, September 2003 8th International Metropolis Conference, Vienna, 15-19 September 2003 YOUNG MIGRANT SETTLEMENT EXPERIENCES IN NEW ZEALAND: LINGUISTIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ASPECTS Noel Watts and Cynthia White New Settlers

More information

Chapter One: people & demographics

Chapter One: people & demographics Chapter One: people & demographics The composition of Alberta s population is the foundation for its post-secondary enrolment growth. The population s demographic profile determines the pressure points

More information

Migrant Youth: A statistical profile of recently arrived young migrants. immigration.govt.nz

Migrant Youth: A statistical profile of recently arrived young migrants. immigration.govt.nz Migrant Youth: A statistical profile of recently arrived young migrants. immigration.govt.nz ABOUT THIS REPORT Published September 2017 By Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment 15 Stout Street

More information

Second Generation Australians. Report for the Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs

Second Generation Australians. Report for the Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs Second Generation Australians Report for the Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs Siew-Ean Khoo, Peter McDonald and Dimi Giorgas Australian Centre for Population Research

More information

Pacific Economic Trends and Snapshot

Pacific Economic Trends and Snapshot Pacific Economic Trends and Snapshot September 213 Report to Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment Contents 1. Key points... 3 2. Demographic trends... 5 3. Qualifications and skills... 7 4.

More information

of our D&C Democracy and Community Participation KEY INDICATOR

of our D&C Democracy and Community Participation KEY INDICATOR of our D&C Democracy and Community Participation Democracy has been described as government by the people, for the people - direct or representative. The participation of citizens is important in the governance

More information

The Economic and Social Outcomes of Children of Migrants in New Zealand

The Economic and Social Outcomes of Children of Migrants in New Zealand The Economic and Social Outcomes of Children of Migrants in New Zealand Julie Woolf Statistics New Zealand Julie.Woolf@stats.govt.nz, phone (04 931 4781) Abstract This paper uses General Social Survey

More information

Statistics Update For County Cavan

Statistics Update For County Cavan Social Inclusion Unit November 2013 Key Figures for Cavan Population 73,183 Population change 14.3% Statistics Update For County Cavan Census 2011 Shows How Cavan is Changing Population living in 70% rural

More information

Civil and Political Rights

Civil and Political Rights DESIRED OUTCOMES All people enjoy civil and political rights. Mechanisms to regulate and arbitrate people s rights in respect of each other are trustworthy. Civil and Political Rights INTRODUCTION The

More information

POPULATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2003

POPULATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2003 POPULATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2003 This report discusses how changes in New Zealand s population over the next 50 years are likely to impact on our future development and wellbeing. It is published

More information

Characteristics of the underemployed in New Zealand

Characteristics of the underemployed in New Zealand Characteristics of the underemployed in New Zealand focuses on the proportion of underemployment for part-time workers. It brings in underemployment rates and levels to provide context. We explore personal,

More information

Màori Towards 2000 THE WHAKAPAKARI SERIES

Màori Towards 2000 THE WHAKAPAKARI SERIES Whakapakari: Tatauranga Taupori Number 1 1998 ISBN 478 9136 2 Towards 2 INTRODUCTION Following World War II, fertility rose and continued at a high level for the next two decades. Over the same period,

More information

External migration. Executive summary

External migration. Executive summary 21/4 7 March 21 External migration Executive summary New Zealand s permanent and long-term migrant flows have oscillated between positive and negative net figures over the last 4 years, with a net gain

More information

Institute for Public Policy and Economic Analysis

Institute for Public Policy and Economic Analysis Institute for Public Policy and Economic Analysis The Institute for Public Policy and Economic Analysis at Eastern Washington University will convey university expertise and sponsor research in social,

More information

Trends in Labour Supply

Trends in Labour Supply Trends in Labour Supply Ellis Connolly, Kathryn Davis and Gareth Spence* The labour force has grown strongly since the mid s due to both a rising participation rate and faster population growth. The increase

More information

New Zealand Residence Programme. CABINET PAPER (October 2016)

New Zealand Residence Programme. CABINET PAPER (October 2016) New Zealand Residence Programme CABINET PAPER (October 2016) This document has been proactively released. Redactions made to the document have been made consistent with provisions of the Official Information

More information

New Zealand Regions, : Incomes. Pool, I., Baxendine, S., Cochrane, W., Lindop, J.

New Zealand Regions, : Incomes. Pool, I., Baxendine, S., Cochrane, W., Lindop, J. DISCUSSION PAPERS Population Studies Centre No 58 November 2005 New Zealand Regions, 1986-2001: Incomes Pool, I., Baxendine, S., Cochrane, W., Lindop, J. University of Waikato Te Whare Wānanga ō Waikato

More information

Changing Times, Changing Enrollments: How Recent Demographic Trends are Affecting Enrollments in Portland Public Schools

Changing Times, Changing Enrollments: How Recent Demographic Trends are Affecting Enrollments in Portland Public Schools Portland State University PDXScholar School District Enrollment Forecast Reports Population Research Center 7-1-2000 Changing Times, Changing Enrollments: How Recent Demographic Trends are Affecting Enrollments

More information

Employment outcomes of postsecondary educated immigrants, 2006 Census

Employment outcomes of postsecondary educated immigrants, 2006 Census Employment outcomes of postsecondary educated immigrants, 2006 Census Li Xue and Li Xu September 2010 Research and Evaluation The views and opinions expressed in this document are those of the author(s)

More information

Levels and trends in international migration

Levels and trends in international migration Levels and trends in international migration The number of international migrants worldwide has continued to grow rapidly over the past fifteen years reaching million in 1, up from million in 1, 191 million

More information

INZ Tourism & Hospitality Data and Insights. December 2017

INZ Tourism & Hospitality Data and Insights. December 2017 INZ Tourism & Hospitality Data and Insights December 2017 Contents Work and Residence Visa: Key Occupations (3-4) Spotlight on Post-Study Employer Assisted visas (5-9) Working Holiday Visa (10) China Visitor

More information

ARTICLES. Poverty and prosperity among Britain s ethnic minorities. Richard Berthoud

ARTICLES. Poverty and prosperity among Britain s ethnic minorities. Richard Berthoud Poverty and prosperity among Britain s ethnic minorities Richard Berthoud ARTICLES Recent research provides evidence of continuing economic disadvantage among minority groups. But the wide variation between

More information

Mapping migrants: Australians wide-ranging experiences of immigration

Mapping migrants: Australians wide-ranging experiences of immigration No. 13 December 2018 Mapping migrants: Australians wide-ranging experiences of immigration Charles Jacobs Mapping migrants: Australians wide-ranging experiences of immigration Charles Jacobs POLICY Paper

More information

THE IMPACT OF CHAIN MIGRATION ON ENGLISH CITIES

THE IMPACT OF CHAIN MIGRATION ON ENGLISH CITIES Briefing Paper 9.13 www.migrationwatchuk.org THE IMPACT OF CHAIN MIGRATION ON ENGLISH CITIES Summary 1. Government proposals on chain migration have overlooked the most important factor - transcontinental

More information

Government Online. an international perspective ANNUAL GLOBAL REPORT. Global Report

Government Online. an international perspective ANNUAL GLOBAL REPORT. Global Report Government Online an international perspective ANNUAL GLOBAL REPORT 2002 Australia, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hong Kong, Hungary,

More information

Part 1: Focus on Income. Inequality. EMBARGOED until 5/28/14. indicator definitions and Rankings

Part 1: Focus on Income. Inequality. EMBARGOED until 5/28/14. indicator definitions and Rankings Part 1: Focus on Income indicator definitions and Rankings Inequality STATE OF NEW YORK CITY S HOUSING & NEIGHBORHOODS IN 2013 7 Focus on Income Inequality New York City has seen rising levels of income

More information

Socio-Economic Mobility Among Foreign-Born Latin American and Caribbean Nationalities in New York City,

Socio-Economic Mobility Among Foreign-Born Latin American and Caribbean Nationalities in New York City, Socio-Economic Mobility Among Foreign-Born Latin American and Caribbean Nationalities in New York City, 2000-2006 Center for Latin American, Caribbean & Latino Studies Graduate Center City University of

More information

Case Study on Youth Issues: Philippines

Case Study on Youth Issues: Philippines Case Study on Youth Issues: Philippines Introduction The Philippines has one of the largest populations of the ASEAN member states, with 105 million inhabitants, surpassed only by Indonesia. It also has

More information

RESEARCH BRIEF: The State of Black Workers before the Great Recession By Sylvia Allegretto and Steven Pitts 1

RESEARCH BRIEF: The State of Black Workers before the Great Recession By Sylvia Allegretto and Steven Pitts 1 July 23, 2010 Introduction RESEARCH BRIEF: The State of Black Workers before the Great Recession By Sylvia Allegretto and Steven Pitts 1 When first inaugurated, President Barack Obama worked to end the

More information

Immigrant DELTA, B.C Delta Immigrant Demographics I

Immigrant DELTA, B.C Delta Immigrant Demographics I Immigrant demographics DELTA, B.C. - 2018 Immigrant Demographics I Page 1 DELTA IMMIGRANT DEMOGRAPHICS Your quick and easy look at facts and figures around immigration. Newcomers are an important and growing

More information

Chapter 1: The Demographics of McLennan County

Chapter 1: The Demographics of McLennan County Chapter 1: The Demographics of McLennan County General Population Since 2000, the Texas population has grown by more than 2.7 million residents (approximately 15%), bringing the total population of the

More information

Human Population Growth Through Time

Human Population Growth Through Time Human Population Growth Through Time Current world population: 7.35 Billion (Nov. 2016) http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/ 2012 7 billion 1999 13 years 12 years 1974 1927 1804 13 years 14 years

More information

Massey Ward. A profile of Waitakere city s wards. Local History

Massey Ward. A profile of Waitakere city s wards. Local History A profile of Waitakere city s wards Strategy Unit, 2008 Local History Prior to European settlement, the area of Massey was used by Maori primarily for fishing and other water based activities along the

More information

2011 National Household Survey Profile on the Town of Richmond Hill: 1st Release

2011 National Household Survey Profile on the Town of Richmond Hill: 1st Release 2011 National Household Survey Profile on the Town of Richmond Hill: 1st Release Every five years the Government of Canada through Statistics Canada undertakes a nationwide Census. The purpose of the Census

More information

Migration and Labour Force Trends

Migration and Labour Force Trends Migration and Labour Force Trends Northland Overview 2014 immigration.govt.nz 2 ISBN 978-0-908335-20-6 May, 2015 Crown Copyright 2015 The material contained in this report is subject to Crown copyright

More information

As a result of these principles, Te Pou Matakana is embarking on a new way of undertaking a needs assessment process.

As a result of these principles, Te Pou Matakana is embarking on a new way of undertaking a needs assessment process. Executive Summary Background Commissioning for outcomes In 2014 Te Pou Matakana (TPM) became the Whānau Ora commissioning agency for the North Island. The first task that TPM was charged with was to develop

More information

Britain s Population Exceptionalism within the European Union

Britain s Population Exceptionalism within the European Union Britain s Population Exceptionalism within the European Union Introduction The United Kingdom s rate of population growth far exceeds that of most other European countries. This is particularly problematic

More information

CHAPTER 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF CYPRIOT MIGRANTS

CHAPTER 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF CYPRIOT MIGRANTS CHAPTER 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF CYPRIOT MIGRANTS Sex Composition Evidence indicating the sex composition of Cypriot migration to Britain is available from 1951. Figures for 1951-54 are for the issue of 'affidavits

More information

Island Monitor 4. Population, Migration and Demographic Trends SAMPLE

Island Monitor 4. Population, Migration and Demographic Trends SAMPLE Island Monitor 4 Population, Migration and Demographic Trends 2016 2016 Island Island Monitor Monitor 4 4 Contents 1 2 3 4 5 6 GLOBAL OVERVIEW PAGE 1 Population Trends PAGE 2 Policy Trends ISLAND CHALLENGES

More information

Planning Study Area 1 Burnaby Heights

Planning Study Area 1 Burnaby Heights Neighbourhood Profiles 2006 Census Planning Study Area 1 Heights is bounded by Burrard Inlet to the north, Willingdon Avenue to the east, Hastings Street to the south and Boundary Road to the west. PLANNING

More information

Migration and Labour Force Trends

Migration and Labour Force Trends Migration and Labour Force Trends Welington Overview 2015 immigration.govt.nz 2 Table of Contents Wellington Executive Summary 2 Introduction 3 Background 4 Wellington s migrant demographics 6 Migration

More information

12 Socio Economic Effects

12 Socio Economic Effects 12 Socio Economic Effects 12.1 Introduction This chapter considers the socio-economic impact of Edinburgh Tram Line One during its construction and operation. Two main aspects of the scheme are considered:

More information

Attitudes to global risks and governance

Attitudes to global risks and governance Attitudes to global risks and governance Global Challenges Foundation 2017 Table of contents Introduction 3 Methodology 4 Executive summary 5 Perceptions of global risks 7 Perceptions of global governance

More information

DRIVERS OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE AND HOW THEY AFFECT THE PROVISION OF EDUCATION

DRIVERS OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE AND HOW THEY AFFECT THE PROVISION OF EDUCATION DRIVERS OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE AND HOW THEY AFFECT THE PROVISION OF EDUCATION This paper provides an overview of the different demographic drivers that determine population trends. It explains how the demographic

More information

The Maori Population A Profile of the Trends Within Iwi Rohe

The Maori Population A Profile of the Trends Within Iwi Rohe The Maori Population A Profile of the Trends Within Iwi Rohe Report on Tauranga Moana Iwi Rohe Report prepared for Te Puni Kōkiri by Kaipuke Consultants Ltd 9 June 2009 The Maori Population A Profile of

More information

AUCKLAND REGIONAL SETTLEMENT STRATEGY. PHASE 1 Opportunities For Improving Settlement Outcomes

AUCKLAND REGIONAL SETTLEMENT STRATEGY. PHASE 1 Opportunities For Improving Settlement Outcomes AUCKLAND REGIONAL SETTLEMENT STRATEGY PHASE 1 Opportunities For Improving Settlement Outcomes ISBN: 0-478-28042-4 PHOTOGRAPHY Ivor Earp-Jones Stephen A Court Other images courtesy of Manukau City, Auckland

More information

RE: PROPOSED CHANGES TO THE SKILLED MIGRANT CATEGORY

RE: PROPOSED CHANGES TO THE SKILLED MIGRANT CATEGORY JacksonStone House 3-11 Hunter Street PO Box 1925 Wellington 6140 New Zealand Tel: 04 496-6555 Fax: 04 496-6550 www.businessnz.org.nz Shane Kinley Policy Director, Labour & Immigration Policy Branch Ministry

More information

Summary of the Results

Summary of the Results Summary of the Results CHAPTER I: SIZE AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE POPULATION 1. Trends in the Population of Japan The population of Japan is 127.77 million. It increased by 0.7% over the five-year

More information

People s Travel Behaviour in a Multicultural Society

People s Travel Behaviour in a Multicultural Society People s Travel Behaviour in a Multicultural Society Alfian Syam School of Architecture and Planning The University of Auckland, New Zealand Abstract New Zealand in general and Auckland in particular are

More information

Background Paper Series. Background Paper 2003: 3. Demographics of South African Households 1995

Background Paper Series. Background Paper 2003: 3. Demographics of South African Households 1995 Background Paper Series Background Paper 2003: 3 Demographics of South African Households 1995 Elsenburg September 2003 Overview The Provincial Decision-Making Enabling (PROVIDE) Project aims to facilitate

More information

How s Life in Germany?

How s Life in Germany? October 2015 How s Life in Germany? Additional information, including the data used in this country note, can be found here: www.oecd.org/statistics/hows-life-2015-country-notes-data.xlsx HOW S LIFE IN

More information

Le Sueur County Demographic & Economic Profile Prepared on 7/12/2018

Le Sueur County Demographic & Economic Profile Prepared on 7/12/2018 Le Sueur County Demographic & Economic Profile Prepared on 7/12/2018 Prepared by: Mark Schultz Regional Labor Market Analyst Southeast and South Central Minnesota Minnesota Department of Employment and

More information

Economic Activity in London

Economic Activity in London CIS2013-10 Economic Activity in London September 2013 copyright Greater London Authority September 2013 Published by Greater London Authority City Hall The Queens Walk London SE1 2AA www.london.gov.uk

More information

Population Aging, Immigration and Future Labor Shortage : Myths and Virtual Reality

Population Aging, Immigration and Future Labor Shortage : Myths and Virtual Reality Population Aging, Immigration and Future Labor Shortage : Myths and Virtual Reality Alain Bélanger Speakers Series of the Social Statistics Program McGill University, Montreal, January 23, 2013 Montréal,

More information

Section 1: Demographic profile

Section 1: Demographic profile Section 1: Demographic profile Geography North East Lincolnshire is a small unitary authority covering an area of 192km 2. The majority of the resident population live in the towns of Grimsby and Cleethorpes

More information

Social Profile of Oakville An Overview

Social Profile of Oakville An Overview Social Profile of Oakville An Overview Prepared by Community Development Halton Funding support provided by the United Way of Oakville 2004 Community Development Halton, all rights reserved. Copies of

More information

Who are the Strangers? A Socio-Demographic Profile of Immigrants in Toronto. Cliff Jansen and Lawrence Lam. York University

Who are the Strangers? A Socio-Demographic Profile of Immigrants in Toronto. Cliff Jansen and Lawrence Lam. York University , ' DRAFT Who are the Strangers? A Socio-Demographic Profile of Immigrants in Toronto By Cliff Jansen and Lawrence Lam York University A paper presented at the Fourth National Metropolis Conference, March

More information

Pakistan 2.5 Europe 11.5 Bangladesh 2.0 Japan 1.8 Philippines 1.3 Viet Nam 1.2 Thailand 1.0

Pakistan 2.5 Europe 11.5 Bangladesh 2.0 Japan 1.8 Philippines 1.3 Viet Nam 1.2 Thailand 1.0 173 People Snapshots Asia and the Pacific accounts for nearly 55% of global population and 6 of the world s 10 most populous economies. The region s population is forecast to grow by almost 1 billion by

More information

A population with a rising average age, with a growing proportion of people aged over 65yrs. Ageing population

A population with a rising average age, with a growing proportion of people aged over 65yrs. Ageing population Ageing population Age structure Agricultural change A population with a rising average age, with a growing proportion of people aged over 65yrs Percentage of the population (or number of people of each

More information

AQA Geography A-level. Changing Places. PMT Education. Written by Jeevan Singh. PMT Education

AQA Geography A-level. Changing Places. PMT Education. Written by Jeevan Singh. PMT Education AQA Geography A-level Changing Places PMT Education Written by Jeevan Singh Changing Populations Change is driven by local, national and global processes which affect the demographic and cultures of local

More information

Characteristics of Poverty in Minnesota

Characteristics of Poverty in Minnesota Characteristics of Poverty in Minnesota by Dennis A. Ahlburg P overty and rising inequality have often been seen as the necessary price of increased economic efficiency. In this view, a certain amount

More information

Migration and Labour Force Trends

Migration and Labour Force Trends Migration and Labour Force Trends Manawatu-Whanganui Overview 2015 immigration.govt.nz 2 Table of Contents Manawatu-Whanganui Executive Summary 2 Introduction 4 Background 5 Manawatu-Whanganui s migrant

More information

SUMMARY ANALYSIS OF KEY INDICATORS

SUMMARY ANALYSIS OF KEY INDICATORS SUMMARY ANALYSIS OF KEY INDICATORS from the FSM 2010 Census of Population and Housing DIVISION OF STATISTICS FSM Office of Statistics, Budget, Overseas Development Assistance and Compact Management (S.B.O.C)

More information

A Report on a Survey of New Zealanders about their National Identity

A Report on a Survey of New Zealanders about their National Identity A Report on a Survey of Zealanders about their National Identity Level 7, 45 Johnston St, PO Box 10 617, Wellington, Zealand P 04 499 3088 F 04 499 3414 E info@researchnz.com W www.researchnz.com 2011

More information

Migration Trends Key Indicators Report

Migration Trends Key Indicators Report Migration Trends Key Indicators Report June 214 MB 12939 August 14 Photograph by Chris WIlliams Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE) Hikina Whakatutuki Lifting to make successful MBIE

More information

11. Demographic Transition in Rural China:

11. Demographic Transition in Rural China: 11. Demographic Transition in Rural China: A field survey of five provinces Funing Zhong and Jing Xiang Introduction Rural urban migration and labour mobility are major drivers of China s recent economic

More information

BIRTHPLACE ORIGINS OF AUSTRALIA S IMMIGRANTS

BIRTHPLACE ORIGINS OF AUSTRALIA S IMMIGRANTS BIRTHPLACE ORIGINS OF AUSTRALIA S IMMIGRANTS Katharine Betts The birthplace origins of Australia s migrants have changed; in the 1960s most came from Britain and Europe. In the late 1970s this pattern

More information

Migration and Labour Force Trends

Migration and Labour Force Trends Bay of Plenty Overview 2014 immigration.govt.nz 2 ISBN 978-0-478-43369-2 May, 2015 Crown Copyright 2015 The material contained in this report is subject to Crown copyright protection unless otherwise indicated.

More information

Outline of Presentation

Outline of Presentation DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE AND ITS IMPLICTIONS FOR LABOUR MOBILITY IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC by Graeme Hugo University Professorial Research Fellow Professor of Geography and Director of the National Centre for

More information

Settling in New Zealand

Settling in New Zealand Settling in New Zealand Migrants perceptions of their experience 2015 Migrant Survey ISBN 978-1-98-851761-2 (online) May 2017 Disclaimer The Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment has made every

More information

Dynamic Diversity: Projected Changes in U.S. Race and Ethnic Composition 1995 to December 1999

Dynamic Diversity: Projected Changes in U.S. Race and Ethnic Composition 1995 to December 1999 Dynamic Diversity: Projected Changes in U.S. Race and Ethnic Composition 1995 to 2050 December 1999 DYNAMIC DIVERSITY: PROJECTED CHANGES IN U.S. RACE AND ETHNIC COMPOSITION 1995 TO 2050 The Minority Business

More information

STATISTICAL REFLECTIONS

STATISTICAL REFLECTIONS World Population Day, 11 July 217 STATISTICAL REFLECTIONS 18 July 217 Contents Introduction...1 World population trends...1 Rearrangement among continents...2 Change in the age structure, ageing world

More information

8. United States of America

8. United States of America (a) Past trends 8. United States of America The total fertility rate in the United States dropped from 3. births per woman in 19-19 to 2.2 in 197-197. Except for a temporary period during the late 197s

More information

Settling In 2018 Main Indicators of Immigrant Integration

Settling In 2018 Main Indicators of Immigrant Integration Settling In 2018 Main Indicators of Immigrant Integration Settling In 2018 Main Indicators of Immigrant Integration Notes on Cyprus 1. Note by Turkey: The information in this document with reference to

More information

Executive summary. Strong records of economic growth in the Asia-Pacific region have benefited many workers.

Executive summary. Strong records of economic growth in the Asia-Pacific region have benefited many workers. Executive summary Strong records of economic growth in the Asia-Pacific region have benefited many workers. In many ways, these are exciting times for Asia and the Pacific as a region. Dynamic growth and

More information

The Auckland Region s Economy: A Stock-take Report

The Auckland Region s Economy: A Stock-take Report The Auckland Region s Economy: A Stock-take Report Prepared for the Auckland Regional Economic Development Group By Catherine Syme, Synchro Consulting November, 2001 1 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION. 3

More information

Migration and Demography

Migration and Demography Migration and Demography Section 2.2 Topics: Demographic Trends and Realities Progressively Ageing Populations Four Case Studies Demography and Migration Policy Challenges Essentials of Migration Management

More information

Migration and Labour Force Trends

Migration and Labour Force Trends Migration and Labour Force Trends Taranaki Overview 2015 immigration.govt.nz 2 Table of Contents Taranaki Executive Summary 2 Introduction 3 Background 4 Taranaki s migrant demographics 6 Migration and

More information

Post-Secondary Education, Training and Labour September Profile of the New Brunswick Labour Force

Post-Secondary Education, Training and Labour September Profile of the New Brunswick Labour Force Post-Secondary Education, Training and Labour September 2018 Profile of the New Brunswick Labour Force Contents Population Trends... 2 Key Labour Force Statistics... 5 New Brunswick Overview... 5 Sub-Regional

More information

Alice According to You: A snapshot from the 2011 Census

Alice According to You: A snapshot from the 2011 Census Research Brief 201301 Alice According to You: A snapshot from the 2011 Census Pawinee Yuhun, Dr Andrew Taylor & James Winter The Northern Institute Charles Darwin University (Image source: Alice Springs

More information

National Assessments on Gender and Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Overall Results, Phase One September 2012

National Assessments on Gender and Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Overall Results, Phase One September 2012 National Assessments on Gender and Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Scorecard on Gender Equality in the Knowledge Society Overall Results, Phase One September 2012 Overall Results The European

More information

Living in a crowded house: Exploring the ethnicity and well-being of people in crowded households

Living in a crowded house: Exploring the ethnicity and well-being of people in crowded households Living in a crowded house: Exploring the ethnicity and well-being of people in crowded households Crown copyright See Copyright and terms of use for our copyright, attribution, and liability statements.

More information

Submission to the Standing Committee on Community Affairs regarding the Extent of Income Inequality in Australia

Submission to the Standing Committee on Community Affairs regarding the Extent of Income Inequality in Australia 22 August 2014 Committee Secretary Senate Standing Committees on Community Affairs PO Box 6100 Parliament House Canberra ACT 2600 Via email: community.affairs.sen@aph.gov.au Dear Members Submission to

More information

Community Social Profile Cambridge and North Dumfries

Community Social Profile Cambridge and North Dumfries Community Trends for 2013 in Cambridge, North Dumfries, Wellesley, Wilmot and Woolwich Community Social Profile - Cambridge and North Dumfries Published December 2014 Community Social Profile Cambridge

More information

MAGNET Migration and Governance Network An initiative of the Swiss Development Cooperation

MAGNET Migration and Governance Network An initiative of the Swiss Development Cooperation International Labour Organization ILO Regional Office for the Arab States MAGNET Migration and Governance Network An initiative of the Swiss Development Cooperation The Kuwaiti Labour Market and Foreign

More information

Poverty profile and social protection strategy for the mountainous regions of Western Nepal

Poverty profile and social protection strategy for the mountainous regions of Western Nepal October 2014 Karnali Employment Programme Technical Assistance Poverty profile and social protection strategy for the mountainous regions of Western Nepal Policy Note Introduction This policy note presents

More information

NATIONAL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY: LABOUR FORCE, EMPLOYMENT, AND INCOME

NATIONAL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY: LABOUR FORCE, EMPLOYMENT, AND INCOME Clause No. 15 in Report No. 1 of was adopted, without amendment, by the Council of The Regional Municipality of York at its meeting held on January 23, 2014. 15 2011 NATIONAL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY: LABOUR FORCE,

More information

Immigrant. coquitlam, B.C Coquitlam Immigrant Demographics I

Immigrant. coquitlam, B.C Coquitlam Immigrant Demographics I Immigrant demographics coquitlam, B.C. - 2018 Immigrant Demographics I Page 1 coquitlam IMMIGRANT DEMOGRAPHICS Your quick and easy look at facts and figures around immigration. Newcomers are an important

More information