Indonesia. Alex Newsham

Transcription

1 Indonesia Alex Newsham

2 Presidents Sukarno 27 Dec Mar 1967 (+1970) PNI (*) Suharto 12 Mar May 1998 (+2008) military/golkar (acting to 27 Mar 1968) Bacharuddin Jusef Habibie 21 May Oct 1999 Golkar Abdurrahman Wahid 20 Oct Jul 2001 PKB Megawati Sukarnoputri 23 Jul Oct 2004 PDIP Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono 20 Oct PD

3 Parties Golkar: Party of the Functional Groups MP: Masyumi Party PD: Democratic Party PDIP: Struggling Indonesian Democratic Party PKB: National Awakening Party PNI: Indonesian National Party PSI: Indonesian Socialist Party

4 Independence During WW II, Japan allowed Indonesia to prepare for independence On August 17, 1945, Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta declared Indonesia independent. The declaration was broadcast by shortwave radio expecting trouble, Indonesians flocked to Sukarno's residence to defend it from assault. Divided into 8 provinces: Sumatra, Borneo, West Java, Central Java, East Java, Sulawesi, Maluku, and Sunda Kecil Dutch asked for help from the Britain's Asked to use Japanese troops to suppress Indonesian independence

5 Independence cont. Sept. 8: British troops were parachuting into Indonesia s capital Japan s navy was surrendering to Australia Indonesians were expecting the US to land Australians supported Dutch take of Indonesia back Sukarno tried to win Allied acceptance of Indonesian independence by issuing a manifesto, on November 1 offered protection of Dutch lives and capital and to honor prewar debts of the colony.

6 Independence Dutch troops attacked civilians hostility against the invasion of more foreigners erupted, (Dutch targets). British used Japanese troops against the unrest. group of Indonesian women set out for the United States to appeal to the Daughters of the American Revolution understand what was in the hearts of the Indonesian people.

7 Independence of Indonesia (British) On October 25 the British 49th Indian Infantry arrived, the British dropping leaflets on the city of Surabaya, in Java demanding that Indonesia's Republican forces disarm and surrender the city within 24 hours. Three days later the British began advancing into the city. driven back. Their commander, Brigadier Mallaby and over 200 of his men were killed. encouraged the people of Java and sparked a full scale revolt against the British across the island.

8 Independence of Indonesia (British) British sent in reinforcements On November 10: two cruisers and three destroyers together with tanks and artillery began shelling Surabaya while airplanes dropped bombs on rebel strong points. After three days of street fighting the British took Surabaya. suffered over 900 killed and wounded. (largely Indians troops) Indonesians had died in greater number, estimated at over 10,000 On November , the last of Britain's troops left Indonesia

9 Independence of Indonesia (Dutch) The Dutch were increasing their strength there reaching 110,000 troops by May Dutch considered themselves the legitimate power in a new state they had created, consisting of the eastern half of Indonesia. On July 20, the Dutch launched an effort to overpower the Republic of Indonesian's armed forces. U.S. expressed its disapproval. India's leader, Nehru, was outraged. People in the Netherlands began demonstrating against the war. The Russians sided with the Indonesians Australian labor began boycotting shipments of supplies to the Dutch war effort. On August 1 the U.N. Security Council called for a cease fire. but the fighting continued in March 31: the U.S. told the Dutch that their Marshall Plan aid was in jeopardy. Dutch finally agreed to a cease fire in August 1949, and on November 2 they signed what amounted to giving up their hold on Indonesian territory.

10 References st-of-presidents-of-indonesia