4. Connectivity in Culture and Media

Transcription

1 . Connectivity in Culture and Media.. Distribution of world languages by area of origin (0) Area Asia Africa Pacific Americas Europe Number of living languages that originate in area,0,,,0,0 Living languages that originate in area as a % of all living languages worldwide.% 0.%.%.0%.0% 00.0% Source: Ethnologue (0) Ethnologue 0 The data captures the distribution of languages and their populations by areas of origin in 0. It is a measure of the degree of cultural diversity across areas in the world as represented through languages. A living language is defined as one that has at least one speaker for whom it is their first language, measured on a scale of vitality. Extinct languages, i.e. languages that are no longer used or associated with a sense of ethnic identity, and languages that are used only as a second language, are excluded from these counts. Each language spoken as a first language is tabulated only once, and the same language spoken in different countries is counted once in the country in which it originated. 0 Ethnologue (0) Ethnologue. Available at: [Accessed March 0]. Overall development versus endangerment of the language using the EGIDS scale. The EGIDS consists of levels with each higher number on the scale representing a greater level of disruption to the intergenerational transmission of the language. ASEF Outlook Report 0/0 0

2 . Connectivity in Culture and Media The greatest number of living languages originates in Asia, with these languages making up.% of all living languages in the world. These languages are also spoken, as a first language, by. billion people across the world, accounting for 0.% of the global population. The region with the fewest living languages by origin is Europe (), representing just % of all the world s living languages. Globally,. billion people speak these languages, making up % of the global population. This group adds up to nearly twice the actual population of Europe, due to colonial expansion in the last few centuries. The decline in living languages signals a need to direct greater attention towards the sustainability of cultural expression through languages. Minority languages, particularly indigenous languages, face an increasing threat of extinction due to globalisation. Connectivity between countries should, instead, be utilised to facilitate the promotion of cultural diversity and the preservation of cultural roots. 0 Volume I: Data on Connectivity

3 CONNECTIVITY: Facts and Perspectives.. Living languages used as a first language (0) Country number of living languages used as a first language Living languages used as a first language (% of all living languages worldwide) number of first-language speakers in country for all languages Indonesia India China Philippines Malaysia Russian Federation Myanmar Viet Nam Lao PDR Thailand Pakistan Bangladesh Kazakhstan Netherlands Singapore Cambodia Romania Greece New Zealand Sweden Switzerland Poland Croatia Austria Denmark Finland Japan Czech Republic Hungary Bulgaria Brunei Darussalam Norway Lithuania Latvia Mongolia Slovakia Portugal Estonia Slovenia Ireland Cyprus Luxembourg Malta Korea %.%.%.%.%.0%.%.%.%.%.%.0% 0.% 0.% 0.% 0.% 0.% 0.% 0.% 0.% 0.% 0.% 0.% 0.% 0.% 0.% 0.% 0.% 0.% 0.% 0.0% 0.0% 0.% 0.% 0.% 0.% 0.% 0.% 0.% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.% 0.% 0.% 0.% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%,,,0,,,,,,,0,0,,,0,,0,,0,,0,0,,,,,0,,0,0,0 0,,00,,0,0,0 0,,0,,0,0,0,,00,,0,,000,,00,0,00,,0,,0,,0,,0,,0,,00,,00,,0,0, 0,,00 0,00,0,00,0,,0,0,,0,,0,,00,,00 0,0,0,,0,0,0,,000,,00,00,0,,000 Asian ASEM Countries European ASEM Countries Source: Ethnologue (0) Ethnologue Ethnologue (0) Ethnologue. Available at: [Accessed March 0]. ASEF Outlook Report 0/0

4 . Connectivity in Culture and Media The data presents the number of living languages spoken as a first language and its population in ASEM countries. It is a measure of the degree of natural linguistic diversity in a country and the diversity of immigrants within a country. Indonesia leads with 0 languages spoken as a first language, the most diverse range of first languages spoken in one country. This number makes up.% of all languages in the world. India follows with languages, accounting for.% of all living languages, then China (00,.%), (,.%) and the Philippines (,.%). These top countries appear to have the highest degree of natural linguistic diversity. Immigrant languages in Indonesia make up only 0.% of all first languages spoken in the country,.% in India, 0.% in China and.% in the Philippines. Europe, which as a continent sees the lowest diversity of living languages originating in the area, registers a wider range of first languages spoken in individual countries. The greater diversity in first languages is due to the high contribution by immigrant languages to the total living languages count. For example, immigrant languages in the, a top immigrant destination, account for.0% of all first languages spoken in the country., and the Netherlands have high shares of immigrant languages as well,.%, % and.% respectively. Volume I: Data on Connectivity

5 CONNECTIVITY: Facts and Perspectives.. Number of feature films produced in respective languages (0) Country / Language India Tamil Telugu Hindi Malayalam Kannada Kashmiri / Dogri Pahari / Punjabi French Arabic Hindi Italian Maori / Danish / Finnish / French / German / French / Swahili / Kurdish Spanish Catalan Galician Basque Switzerland Swiss German French German Italian French Sweden Swedish Norwegian Danish Dari Philippines Tagalog Hiligaynon Finland Finnish Swedish Estonian Finnish / Danish Finnish / Swedish Portuguese / / German Latvian / Finnish / Unit of Film Produced Asian Languages European Languages Asian & European Languages ASEF Outlook Report 0/0

6 . Connectivity in Culture and Media Country Language Unit of Film Produced Czech Republic Czech Slovak Austria German Kazakhstan Kazakh Russian Ireland Irish / Persian Russian Spanish / German / Lao / Italian New Zealand Maori / Pashto Slovakia Slovak Czech Slovak / Hungarian Slovak / Romani Slovak / Czech Mongolia Mongolian Lithuania Lithuanian German Lithuanian / Lithuanian / Russian Lithuanian / Russian / Polish Lithuanian / Polish / German Portugal Portuguese Spanish Portuguese / Creole Portuguese / Spanish Portuguese / / French / German Portuguese / / French / Spanish / Catalan / Italian Slovenia Slovenian Slovenian / Bosnian Croatian Slovenian / German Slovenian / Danish Italian / Slovenian / Slovenian Latvia Latvian Lithuanian Russian China, Macao Special Administrative Region Cantonese Cantonese / Japanese Portuguese / Cyprus Greek Greek / / Bulgarian Lao PDR Lao Malta Maltese 0 Asian Languages European Languages Asian & European Languages Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (0) Language of production UNESCO Institute for Statistics (0) Language of production. Available at: aspx?queryid=&lang=en [Accessed March 0]. Volume I: Data on Connectivity

7 CONNECTIVITY: Facts and Perspectives The data captures the number of feature films produced in ASEM countries in 0 and the linguistic diversity in film production of each country. This reflects the extent of the diversity of cultural expression in ASEM countries. In some countries, this correlates with the number of official languages. Linguistic diversity in film production can be viewed in terms of internal and external diversity. Internal diversity means the languages of domestic film production mirror the linguistic characteristics of the country, while external diversity looks at the use of foreign languages in domestic film production. India tops the list of most feature films at, in 0, followed by with 0, the with, and with. India showed great internal linguistic diversity with films produced in the seven major national languages, reflecting the wide range of national languages in the country ( excluding ). The data shows.% of India s films were produced in Tamil,.% in Telugu,.% in Hindi,.% in Malayalam and.% in Kannada, with one film in Pahari/Punjabi and one in Kashmiri/Dogri. For the majority of European countries, the variety of languages used in film production exceeds the scope of their national languages. This points to a high external diversity in European film production. This may be explained by the high level of co-production within Europe. The United Kingdom leads in external linguistic diversity, with films produced in eleven languages, including six non-european languages. Arabic is the second most popular language of film production in the, despite having just one official language. This could be due to the ethnic diversity that characterises the population, although the languages of these groups are not formally recognised. The distribution of films in the various languages varies across the European ASEM countries, e.g. the, with high external diversity, sees a skewed distribution with accounting for % of all films produced, while European countries with high internal diversity, such as Switzerland and, see a more even distribution of films across languages. Data available for ASEM Countries only. UNESCO Institute for Statistics (0) Feature Film Diversity UIS Fact Sheet No.. Available at: org/culture/documents/fs-feature-film-diversity-en.pdf [Accessed February 0]. ASEF Outlook Report 0/0

8 . Connectivity in Culture and Media.. Origin of top countries of all feature films exhibited, ranked by admissions (0) Country of origin of feature films exhibited Number of admissions Market share (%) India,00,000,00,000,00,000 00,000 00,000,00,000,000,000.0%.%.% 0.% 0.%.% Austria Austria,,0,000,0 0, 0,,,,,.%.%.%.%.%.%,,,0,,,,,0 0,,0,.%.%.%.%.%.% Finland Finland,0,,,,0 0,0,0 0,,,.%.%.%.%.%.0% Canada 0,,,,,,,,0,, 0,, 0,,.%.%.%.% 0.%.%,,0,,0,,0,,,,,,00,0,.0% 0.0%.%.%.%.% Japan Japan,,000,000,,000,000,,000,000 0.%.% Malaysia China Malaysia India Indonesia,0,000,00,000,0,000,000,,000,00,000.%.%.% 0.0%.% Volume I: Data on Connectivity

9 CONNECTIVITY: Facts and Perspectives Country of origin of feature films exhibited Number of admissions Market share (%) Malta Malta,,0,,,, 0,0.%.%.%.%.%.% Philippines Philippines New Zealand Canada Japan,0,000,0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000,0,000.% 0.%.%.% 0.% 0.% Poland Poland,,,0,,0,,0,,0,0,,0,,.%.%.%.%.%.% Korea Korea Japan China,0,,,,,,,,0,,.%.% 0.% 0.%.0%,,,0,0,,,0,,00,,0,0.%.0%.%.%.%.0% Sweden Sweden 0,,,,,,0,,0,,0.%.%.%.0%.%.% India,00,000,00,000,000,000,00,000,000,000,00,000,,00,000.%.%.0%.% 0.%.% Asian ASEM Countries European ASEM Countries Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (0) Origin of Top Countries of all Feature Films Exhibited Ranked by Admissions UNESCO Institute for Statistics (0) Origin of Top Countries of all Feature Films Exhibited Ranked by Admissions. Available at: [Accessed March 0] ASEF Outlook Report 0/0

10 . Connectivity in Culture and Media The data presents the top countries of origin for all feature films exhibited in ASEM countries, ranked by admission. This reflects the cultural content available to, and consumed by, audiences. In all European countries feature films from the USA dominated the market share, accounting for admission rates of more than 0% of all feature films shown. The most popular feature films in European ASEM countries originate mainly from neighbouring countries. features as the most prominent ASEM Asian country accounting for popular films in out of the 0 European countries presented in the list, while India represents one of the top countries of origin for popular feature films in the. Popular feature films in Asian ASEM countries originate mainly from Asian neighbouring countries. Japan sees extremely low diversity in cultural expression, with locally produced films accounting for 0% of all films featured by admission, and the Philippines has the greatest range of countries of origin, with audiences watching films from the USA, locally produced films, New Zealand, Canada and Japan. Data available for ASEM countries only. Volume I: Data on Connectivity

11 CONNECTIVITY: Facts and Perspectives.. Origin of the top 0 co-producing countries ranked by number of feature films (0) Country Rank Origin of co-producing countries Number of films China, Macao SAR Co-production** Production Co-production** Production Co-production** Production Co-production** Production Co-production** Production Co-production** Production Luxembourg Canada Morocco Netherlands Ireland Slovenia The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia China, Hong Kong SAR Israel Switzerland Canada Luxembourg Russian Federation Austria Switzerland Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Poland Switzerland Argentina Austria Brazil Canada.% a 0 a a a a a a a a a *.% 0 * 0.0%.0% 0.%.% ASEF Outlook Report 0/0

12 . Connectivity in Culture and Media Country Rank Origin of co-producing countries Number of films New Zealand Poland Co-production** Production Co-production** Production Co-production** Production 0 Denmark Lithuania Luxembourg Romania Ukraine Ireland India Netherlands Hungary.0% b b b b b b b b b.% 0.% Asian ASEM Countries European ASEM Countries Non-ASEM Countries Note * UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) estimation ** co-production can be smaller than the sum of co-produced feature films by country. A coproduced feature film can involve more than foreign countries a Partial data b Only include films with 0 minutes or longer Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (0) Origin of 0 coproducing countries The data presents the top 0 countries of origin of co-productions in ASEM countries. Coproductions refer to films whose production companies are from at least different countries. In recent years, it has become a tool for promoting exchange between developed and developing countries, helping developing countries reach audiences outside their national borders and find new markets for their cultural products. However, the majority of co-producing countries remain intra-regional and stay within the tier of either developed, or developing, countries., for example, conducted most of its co-production activities with neighbouring European countries, with the USA featuring as the exception. UNESCO Institute for Statistics (0) Origin of 0 coproducing countries. Available at: aspx?queryid=0&lang=en [Accessed March 0]. Data available for ASEM countries only. 0 Volume I: Data on Connectivity

13 CONNECTIVITY: Facts and Perspectives.. Foreign feature films exhibited in ASEM countries (0) Country 0,000,000 Switzerland Czech Republic Portugal Ireland Japan Slovakia Denmark Sweden Slovenia Norway Malta Austria Estonia Netherlands Lithuania Bulgaria Finland Greece New Zealand Lao PDR,0,,0, Asian ASEM Countries European ASEM Countries Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (0) Number of all foreign feature films exhibited 0 The data set presents the number of feature films produced abroad exhibited in ASEM countries in 0. The data is reflective of the degree of openness of cultural expression within a country, as well as the level of capacity of their film industry. There appears to be little rivalry between dominant foreign films and local production within film industries., which has a strong local production scene (ranked second in the list of Number of feature films produced in respective languages) also exhibits the highest number of foreign feature films (,0) amongst ASEM countries. On the other hand, the Lao PDR, with an overall weak film industry, ranked among the lowest in the list of Number of feature films produced in respective languages, with only local feature films, as well as the lowest for foreign feature films at. 0 UNESCO Institute for Statistics (0) Number of all foreign feature fi lms exhibited. Available at: org/index.aspx?queryid=0&lang=en [Accessed March 0]. Data available for ASEM countries only. ASEF Outlook Report 0/0

14 . Connectivity in Culture and Media.. Exports of cultural goods by region (USD million, 00-0) Exports (in USD million) Region Arab States Caribbean Central Asia and Eastern Europe Latin America North America and Europe Pacific South and East Asia Sub-Saharan Africa World..,.,.,..,0.. 0,,..,0.,.,0..,..,0.0.,.,.,..,..,,0..,.,. 00,..,..,00,0..0,00.,0. 0,0..,0.0.,,..,.,0.0,..,..,,..,0.,.,..,0..,,0..0,.,. 0,.,0.,.. 00,,..,.,. 0,.,0. 00,.0.,0,..,.,. 0,..,.0., Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (0) The Globalisation of Cultural Trade: A Shift in Consumption The data captures exports of cultural goods in regions for the period Cultural goods are defined as goods conveying ideas, symbols and ways of life, some of which may be subject to copyrights. Together with imports of cultural goods, they highlight the international trade in cultural goods, providing insights into the dynamism of cultural industries and the interest for such goods. All figures are illustrated in millions of USD. The export of cultural goods in 00-0 was largely driven by developed countries, primarily from North America and Europe. Low income economies in regions such as the Caribbean, sub-saharan Africa and the Pacific States played a marginal role, making up the bottom half of the spectrum. By 0, exports of cultural goods amounted to USD, million, which was almost double compared to 00 (USD 0, million). The data also reflects the impact of the economic and financial crisis of 00 on the global economy, including the international trade of cultural goods. In seven regions, exports declined in 00, experiencing a decrease of.% from 00 to 00, but started to recover in 00. The only region that remained unaffected by the crisis was South and East Asia, which experienced an increase in exports from USD,0 million in 00, to USD,.0 million in 00, and continued to grow in the following years. In 00 China surpassed the USA as lead exporter of cultural goods. UNESCO Institute for Statistics (0) The Globalisation of Cultural Trade: A Shift in Consumption. Available at: ows-cultural-goods-report-en.pdf [Accessed 0 March 0]. UNESCO Institute for Statistics (00) The 00 UNESCO Framework For Cultural Statistics (FCS) [online] UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Available at: 00-en.pdf [Accessed March 0], p. UNESCO Institute for Statistics (0) The Globalisation of Cultural Trade: A Shift in Consumption. Available at: ows-cultural-goods-report-en.pdf [Accessed 0 March 0]. Volume I: Data on Connectivity

15 CONNECTIVITY: Facts and Perspectives.. Imports of cultural goods by region (USD million, 00-0) Imports (in USD million) Region Arab States,.,.,0.0,.,.0,0.0,00.,.,0.,0. Caribbean Central Asia and Eastern Europe,.,0.,0.,0.,.,00.0,0.,0.,.,0. Latin America,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,0. North America and Europe,.,0.,.,. 0,.,. 0,.,.0 0,. 0,. Pacific,00.,.0,.,0.,00.,.,.,0.,.,0. South and East Asia,.,.,.,.,.,.,00.,.,0.,. Sub-Saharan Africa.,.,.,.,.0,.,.,.,0.,. World 0,.,0.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,. Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (0) The Globalisation of Cultural Trade: A Shift in Consumption The data represents imports of cultural goods in regions for the period Cultural goods are defined as goods conveying ideas, symbols and ways of life, some of which may be subject to copyrights. All figures are illustrated in millions of USD. Overall, imports of cultural goods worldwide amounted to USD,.0 million in 0, an increase of approximately % compared to 00 (USD 0,.0 million). Similar to exports of cultural goods, the global demand for cultural goods from 00 to 0 was mainly driven by North America and Europe, followed by South and East Asia in second place. Low income economies in regions such as the Caribbean, sub-saharan Africa and the Arab States represent the bottom three regions with the lowest imports of cultural goods throughout Furthermore, imports of cultural goods were more impacted by the economic and financial crises in 00 compared to exports of cultural goods, experiencing a drastic decline of % from 00 to 00. UNESCO Institute for Statistics (0) The Globalisation of Cultural Trade: A Shift in Consumption. Available at: ows-cultural-goods-report-en.pdf [Accessed 0 March 0]. UNESCO Institute for Statistics (00) The 00 UNESCO Framework For Cultural Statistics (FCS). Available at: [Accessed March 0], p. Divergences between exports and imports of cultural goods can be explained by the difference in imports and exports valuation, difference in imports and exports value as well as the different classifi cation of cultural goods at national levels, among others. For more information on cross-country comparability, see United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (0) International Merchandise Trade Statistics: Concepts and Defi nitions 00. United Nations. Available at: nal-march0.pdf [Accessed March 0]. ASEF Outlook Report 0/0

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