TIME ALLOWED FOR THIS PAPER: Reading time before commencing work: MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR THIS PAPER:

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1 TIME ALLOWED FOR THIS PAPER: Reading time before commencing work: Working time for this paper: 10 minutes 1 hour & 45 minutes MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR THIS PAPER: To be provided by the supervisor - This question and answer booklet To be provided by the candidate - Writing equipment IMPORTANT NOTE TO CANDIDATES No other items may be taken into the examination room. It is your responsibility to ensure that you do not have any unauthorised notes or other items of a nonpersonal nature in the examination room. All ipads, surfaces and mobile phones must be turned off and in your bag along with any other devices and notes. Bags are to be closed and placed under the desk. INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES 1. Read through the paper to familiarise yourself with all questions. 2. Use a blue or black ballpoint / ink pen. 3. Write your answers in this booklet. AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION - Any planning sheets or other pieces of paper MUST be handed in with this booklet. - At the end of the examination make sure that your name is on your booklet and any other pieces of paper used.

2 PART A: GEOGRAPHY Section One: Multiple Choice Instructions: Please read each question carefully and provide a response in the answer column. No. QUESTION ANSWER 1 A microclimate is: a) a small climate in the atmosphere b) a small climate within an existing climate c) our daily weather d) where our climate is created in the atmosphere 2 True or False: The layer of the atmosphere in which we live in is called the Stratosphere. 3 How many major Ice Ages have there been? a) 2 b) 4 c) 5 d) 8 4 A glacial period is: a) An extended period of time when the majority of the earth is subjected to very cold temperature. b) An extended period of time when the majority of the earth is subjected to very warm temperature. c) An extended period of time when the majority of the earth is subjected to storms. d) An extended period of time when the majority of the earth is subjected to rain. 5 What was the name of the period before the Little Ice Age? a) Medieval Dark Ages b) Medieval Cool Period c) Medieval Warm Period d) Medieval Light Ages 6 As air pollution continues to be released into the atmosphere, what becomes more depleted, resulting in an increase of ultraviolet radiation on earth? a) Oceans b) Rainforests c) Ozone layer d) Carbon dioxide 2

3 7 What are greenhouse gases? a) Heat-trapping gases found in the Earth s atmosphere. b) Vapours emitted from a green house c) Smog d) New eco-friendly fuels for cars 8 What can you do to stop global warming? a) Learn about the environment. b) b) Walk, bike, or take public transport instead of driving. c) c) Eat less meat. d) d) All of the above 9 True or False: Green House Effect is important in our atmosphere. 10 Without the natural Greenhouse Effect our planet s average temperature would be: a) 15 C b) 18 C c) -15 C d) -18 C 11 The Kyoto Protocol is: a) A worldwide agreement to reduce carbon emission b) An agreement in Australia to reduce carbon emission c) A worldwide agreement to reduce carbon emission introduced by Leonardo Di Caprio d) An agreement to re-home citizens in low lying countries 12 A possible consequence of Climate Change is: a) sea levels rising b) Increase in temperature c) Increase rainfall and storms d) All of the above 13 True or False: We can reduce greenhouse gas emissions? 14 True or False: Maslows Hierarchy of Needs is based on the vital needs for survival? 15 True or False: Bhutan measures its success as a country based on the idea of GNH (Gross National Happiness) 3

4 16 What type of map is this? a) Political map b) Physical map c) Topographic map d) Choropleth map 17 The El Nino effect is? a) A town in South America with a large number of mammals called Ninos b) A term used to describe the average temperature range for a region c) An irregular and complex series of climatic changes in the Pacific region d) The name of a mountain range named after an explorer 18 True or False Rainforests are being destroyed at the rate of 1 hectare every second. 19 Endangered species can best be described as: a) A species of animal or plant that is seriously at risk of extinction b) The number of animals or plants has decreased in the last 12 months c) The habitat of the animal or plant species is under threat d) Animal or plant species likely to become endangered 20 What is meant by biodiversity? Select the best description. a) The number of different types of dwellings people live in b) The variety of plant and animal life in the world or habitat c) The diverse range of insects found in a habitat d) The diverse range of species on land 21 An Inconvenient Truth by Al Gore focuses on? a) Environmental issues b) Global warming and climate change c) The need to reduce carbon emissions d) All of the above 22 Today zoos across the world focus on? a) Finding exotic animals to draw people in b) Entertaining people c) Stopping the trafficking of animals d) Conserving threatened and endangered species 4

5 23 What is humanitarianism? a) The concern for the welfare of other human beings b) A focus on human welfare c) Giving aid to relieve human suffering d) All of the above 24 True or false? Water vapour is the most common greenhouse gas 25 Chlorofluorocarbons are emitted into the environment from a) Animals such as cows b) Landfill c) Aerosol sprays, solvents and refrigerants d) All of the above 5

6 SECTION TWO: GEOGRAPHY - SHORT ANSWERS Directions: Please attempt to answer all questions. 1. Define the term global warming. (2 Marks) 2. Explain the concept of a natural greenhouse effect. Provide two examples. (2 Marks) 3. Explain the connection between an increased greenhouse effect and global warming. (4 Marks) 4. Label the diagram (Greenhouse Effect) below using the keywords provided. (8 Marks) 6

7 5. If global warming continues list and describe four impacts on the environment and describe the follow-on consequences this has for people and society. (8 Marks) 1 Impact on the environment 1 What this means for society Does wealth equal wellbeing? (Explain why or why not!) (5 Marks) 7

8 7. Complete Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs. In each section include: The type of need, A short description of the need One example of that need. (15 Marks) 8. Label the layers of the atmosphere. (5 Marks) 8

9 SECTION THREE: GEOGRAPHY - SKILLS Cartoon Analysis Directions: Choose ONE (1) of the following cartoons and answer the following questions: (a) It s settled we agree to sign a pledge to hold another meeting to consider changing course at a date yet to be determined. (b) What if it a big hoax and we create a better world for nothing? (c) Animals and plants feeling climate change are moving toward the poles at 20cm per hour. Dad, when will we get to Canada? This is Canada 9

10 Cartoon Analysis I have chosen (circle the cartoon you have chosen) a) b) c) 1. For whom (audience) is this cartoon intended? 2. What is the cartoon trying to get the audience to do? 3. What is the point of view or main focus of the cartoon? 4. What symbols, key words or well-known images are used? 5. How successful do you think this cartoon is? Explain your answer. 10

11 Part Two: Civics and Citizenship Section One: Multiple Choice: Place the correct letter in the answer column. (15 Marks) Number Question Answer 1 Australia s system of government is based on the idea of: a) The Westminster System b) The London System c) The Australian System d) The New Zealand System 2 A Westminster system of government must consist of: a) Two houses b) A crown c) Two houses and a crown d) A president 3 Australia s government is based on: a) Democracy a) Theocracy b) Monarchy c) Oligarchy 4 A human right is: a) A right which is believed to belong to only men b) A right which is believed to belong to Australians only c) A right which is believed to belong to every person d) A right which is believed to belong to children only 5 The Crown is represented in Australia by the a) The General Governor b) The General Major c) The Governor Major d) The Governor General marks the 50 th anniversary of: a) The moon landing b) Prime Minister Robert Menzies retired c) A referendum took place to remove discriminatory references about Aboriginal people d) Harold Holt (Prime Minister of Australia) died 7 The Constitution in Australia: a) Sets out the rules on how it can be governed b) Can be changed every year c) Can only be changed by the government d) Can never be changed 11

12 8 Federation took place a) To increase economic growth b) To improve national defence c) To enhance national identity d) All of the above 9 A referendum is: a) A vote to change the wording of the constitution b) A vote which has never been help in Australia c) Is a vote to change the government d) A vote which happens every 3 years in Australia 10 The high court is: a) Located in Perth b) The only court that has the power to interpret the constitution c) The only court that has the power to change the constitution d) The only court that can change state laws 11 The UN was developed in: a) 1932 b) 1946 c) 1945 d) True or False: A treaty is a form of contract between two parties (two countries or two international organisations from different countries). 13 Outlaw motor cycle gangs are an example of: a) Organised crime b) Vested interests c) Corruption d) Lawlessness 14 Asylum-Seekers are: a) Individuals granted complementary forms of protection b) Individuals who have sought international protection and whose claims for refugee status have not yet been determined. c) People or groups of individuals who have been forced to leave their homes or places of habitual residence d) People who come to Australia on working holiday visa. 15 What document protects our rights? a) The Bible b) The Constitution c) The Criminal Code of Conduct d) The Bill of Rights 12

13 Short Answer: Directions: Please attempt to answer all questions. 1. List 4 features of the House of Representatives and 4 features of the Senate. (8 Marks) House of Representatives Senate 2. Explain two (2) roles of the high court. (4 Marks) 3. The OECD report describes a cohesive society as a force which fights exclusion and marginalisation, creates a sense of belonging and promotes trust within communities. In your own words explain how Australia (The lucky country) is a cohesive society. Focus on diversity, rights, democracy and laws that protect citizens. (6 Marks) 13

14 4. High Court The High Court of Australia is empowered to make decisions in relation t any disputes relating to an international treaty. Australia is a signatory to many international treaties, and the Australian parliament may be required to pass laws that support or confirm the application of a treaty within Australia. Treaties are signed for a number of reasons. List and explain 3 of these reasons: (6 Marks) What were the principles behind the decision of the High Court in the Mabo case? What was the issue? Who was Eddie Mabo? What role did the High Court have in this decision? What was the result for the concept of Terra Nullius? (8 Marks) 14

15 Section Three: SKILLS: Analysing Data Immigration and refugees is an ongoing issue for many Australians. Table 1 will help you understand the acronyms used in the graphs and tables below. (1) Below is the most current data on immigration detention facilities. Boat people have long been the focus of media attention. What is the number of people arriving by boat (illegal maritime arrival)?... (1 Mark) (2) Explain what visa cancellation means (2 Marks) 15

16 (3) How many children are in IDCs?. (1 Mark) (4) Why do you think this is so?... (2 Marks) (5) Explain the trend in population figures for population in immigration detention from (2 Marks) (6) Of the people held in immigration detention centres which nationalities might be fleeing religious or political persecution?... (2 Marks) 16

17 (7) What is the trend of the number of children in the community under residence determination?.. (2 Marks) (8) What is the view of this cartoonist in relation to asylum seekers? What is he saying about Australia s immigration policies?

18 ( 6 Marks) End of examination please check that you have completed all questions. 18