Euromalt position paper on the EU-ASEAN trade negotiations

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Euromalt position paper on the EU-ASEAN trade negotiations"

Transcription

1 Brussels, 17 December 2012 Euromalt position paper on the EU-ASEAN trade negotiations Euromalt is the European organisation representing the interests of the malting industry in the European Union. The EU malting sector has a production capacity of about 9.5 million tonnes, of which 2.1 million tonnes are exported worldwide. The malting sector represents a competitive European industry that is present in all the key importing regions: Asia, Africa, Russia and South America. Asia is in fact the leading destination for EU malt exports. Euromalt is concerned that slow moving trade negotiations with the ASEAN countries will damage the competiveness of the European malt exporting sector to the benefit of our international competitors, i.e. Australia and Canada, who have concluded or are close to conclude trade deals. As an example, the conclusion of the Australia-Thailand FTA in 2005 determined a steady erosion of European malt exports to Thailand to the benefit of Australian malt. Our sector welcomes the progress made by the EU on a bilateral basis with several ASEAN-member countries. However, we encourage the Commission to aim at a regional trade agreement with the ASEAN block. This solution would guarantee a level playing field for the EU exporters without jeopardising their competitiveness. The reasons for the success of the EU malting industry are outlined in annex 1. Euromalt urges the Commission to conclude as soon as possible free trade agreements with the important players of the region: mainly Thailand, Vietnam and the Philippines, which still maintain duties for EU malt. The Commission should aim at trade liberalisation through elimination of tariff for malt. Euromalt members risk suffering potential losses of over 10 million US dollars per year if ASEAN countries will keep import tariffs in place. The EU malting industry s competitors are increasingly gaining preferential access to the ASEAN markets. The EU malt exports to Thailand dropped by 40% to large benefit of Australia, following the Australia-Thailand FTA enforced in Euromalt promotes a regional approach in trade negotiations and encourages the Commission to start a regional EU-ASEAN FTA as soon as the political and economic conditions will make it possible.

2 EU malt interests in the ASEAN region The EU-27 exported over 3 million tons of malt (unroasted) to the whole ASEAN countries in the period , with an average of 290,000 tons per year (chart 1). The first export destinations for EU malt in the region were Thailand, Vietnam and the Philippines, with average exported volumes in the last 10 years of respectively: 100,000 tons; 66,500 tons; 52,000 tons. Singapore and Malaysia follow this first destination grouping, with the average exported volume in the last 10 years being 30,000 and 20,000 tons respectively. Country-specific fact sheets for Malaysia, Vietnam and Thailand can be found in annex 2. Chart 1: EU Malt Exports to ASEAN Countries (tons) 400,000 EU Malt Exports to ASEAN Countries (tons) 350, , , , , ,000 50, VIET-NAM THAILAND SINGAPORE PHILIPPINES MYANMAR MALAYSIA LAOS INDONESIA CAMBODIA Source: Eurostat Database EU malt primacy in the region is at stake For logistic reasons, the European malting industry is today a natural supplier to the ASEAN area with a leading position- see annex 1. However, the EU malting industry s competitors are increasingly gaining preferential access to the ASEAN markets. This is because they have already negotiated or are negotiating trade agreements at a quicker pace with the ASEAN region and its member countries. 2

3 Australia has been strengthening its position as a malt exporter and progressively gained market share in the region, especially in Thailand since the conclusion of a free trade agreement in The EU malt exports to Thailand, the second largest market in ASEAN, collapsed from nearly 160,000 tons in 2004 down to 60,000 tons in Chart 2 below clearly shows how the export volumes lost by the EU malt were covered by Australia that went from 48,000 tons of exports in 2004 to an average of about 114,000 tons in the period Euromalt is deeply concerned that this negative trend for EU malt exports could be extended to other ASEAN countries, if Australia opens preferential access before the EU is able to sign FTAs. It must be noted that Australia has already signed an FTA with Singapore in 2003 and it has just recently signed the MAFTA Malaysia-Australia FTA, which is expected to come into force after formal ratification. In addition to existing/under negotiation preferential agreements, the February 2009 free trade agreement concluded with the group of ASEAN countries and New Zealand (AANZFTA) has additionally confirmed Australia s position in the area, causing an even more serious threat to the EU malt s market share. The impact of the new AANZFTA has potentially disastrous effects for EUROMALT members as it provides for the complete liberalization of Australian malt exports to all major ASEAN importers by Euromalt members risk suffering potential losses of over 10 million US dollars per year if ASEAN countries will keep import tariffs in place! The loss is calculated as the total of import tariffs for all ASEAN countries considering the average yearly export of the last 10 years, and with an average malt price of 430 $/ton. The highest share of this potential loss is made up by the cost for exporting malt to Thailand, which still has an ad-valorem duty. Details of the calculations are provided in annex 3. Timely conclusion of FTAs is needed to maintain key markets for EU malt Euromalt urges the Commission to conclude as soon as possible free trade agreements with the important players of the region: mainly Thailand, Vietnam and the Philippines, which still maintain duties for EU malt. Euromalt encourages the Commission to liberalise trade through tariff elimination. Our sector is faced with imminent and unrecoverable losses up to 10 million US dollars if the current import tariff regimes are maintained. This is also very concerning as the global competitors are increasingly opening preferential market access in the ASEAN countries. EUROMALT asks for an urgent contribution from the Commission so that the markets for European malt can be maintained. To that aim, we believe that the EU should be promoting the process of regional integration of the ASEAN countries and should 3

4 support the region by facilitating effective trade relations in view of a regional EU- ASEAN trade agreement. Chart 2: Thailand malt imports by origin, (tons) 250,000 Thailand malt imports by origin, (tons) 200, , ,000 China Canada Australia EU 50, Source: e-malt; AWEX Annex 1 - EU malting industry: reasons for success Annex 2 - Country-specific fact sheets: Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam Annex 3 Potential losses for the European malting industry EUROMALT, the EU malting industry association, represents the interest of the European malting barley processors and malt producers. EUROMALT s full members are national associations in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Spain, Sweden, the Netherlands and the UK. The EU malting industry accounts for more than 60% of the world malt trade: with about 187 facilities in Europe, the sector provides around 28,000 direct employments. Its members process approximately 11.5 million tonnes of malting barley of European origin to produce 9 million tonnes of malt for the brewing industry in the EU, for export to overseas brewers as well as the distilling and food industries [The world malt production destined for beer is around 20 million tonnes]. The revenue from EU malt exports is today approximately 850 million with no export subsidies. 4

5 Annex 1 - EU malting industry: reasons for success Facts and figures of the European malting industry and key reasons for its growth and success In 2011 the total world malting capacity was about million tons of which approximately million tons was used; The world malt production destined for beer is around 20 million tons of which approximately 9 million tons is produced within the EU; The EU malting industry accounts for more than 60% of the world malt trade with a production capacity of over tons of which tons is exported; There are 187 maltings (EU 27) 1 ; The revenue from EU malt exports is today approximately euros with no export subsidies; Malt is a value-added product, which has not received export refunds since 2000; The annual market for European farmers is about million tons of malting barley (to produce 1t of malt one needs 1.27 t of barley) 94% of the obtained malt is used for beer production, 4% for whisky production while the remaining 2% is used for manufacturing other foodstuffs, such as breakfast cereals and malt vinegar; In terms of logistics, the EU is very well positioned to export to Asia by utilising otherwise empty containers returning to the Far East after delivering goods made in Asia. In some small way an even condition in malt trading would help the existing trade imbalance that the container situation clearly demonstrates. Why is the EU malt production competitive? Malting barley has many critical quality requirements. Breeding of new varieties a process that takes around ten years ensures that there is a continually improving source of malting barley varieties which process well in the maltings and the brewery, as well as offering good yield and disease resistance to the farmer. The ability to germinate evenly is of paramount importance in harvested barley, with moderate protein content in the grain to meet specifications for the finished malt. These specific malting barley varieties are grown to suit the needs of the maltsters and the brewers/distillers, while the malting barley production which does not comply with the quality requirements is used for animal feed. The establishment of a mature supply-chain takes time which farmers, maltsters and brewers in the EU have invested in to develop an efficient and therefore competitive malting industry. Production of malt is historically linked to growing barley, which is only possible in a moderate climate. The leading malting barley producers in the world are the EU, Russia, Canada, Turkey, Ukraine, USA, Australia and (increasingly) Argentina. The germination stage of the malting process requires the grain to be kept cool, which is only possible in a humid or hot climate with the aid of expensive refrigeration (which also produces greenhouse gas emissions and has a higher energy usage). 1 Malteurs de France, Annual Statistics Compendium of the Barley, Malt, Beer Supply Chain 2011 Edition, p.58 5

6 Annex 2 - Country-specific fact sheets: Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam Malaysia The EU malting industry exports around tons yearly to Malaysia with a zero duty on import to the country. The EU industry enjoys the absence of duties for the export of a high quality product such as malt. These potential advantages might be at stake if the round of negotiations is not concluded in the near future. A successful conclusion of a FTA between the EU and Malaysia would consolidate the current situation and most likely improve trade rules (rules of origin, etc.) while, at the same time, facilitate and open the potential for increased exports in the sector. Increased trade would mean increased employment not only in the EU malt exporting industry but also in other sectors. It is necessary to consider that an FTA between Malaysia and Australia has been concluded: this will increase the attractiveness of direct investments in Malaysia and provide an advantage to the Australian malt exporters who would like to expand and invest in the malting sector in the country. As a result, the Australian malt exporters could gain a competitive advantage over the EU malt exporters with easier and preferential access to the Malaysian market. Thailand Thailand is the first export destination in the ASEAN region for EU malt, with an average of 100,000 tons exported every year. However, Thailand has an ad-valorem duty in place that contributes to increasing the costs of exports. This has become an increasing problem, especially since the signature of the Thailand-Australia FTA in 2005 which has liberalized trade: this has determined an increase of Australian malt exports towards Thailand in the last years. Australia has been strengthening its position as a malt exporter and progressively gained market share in the region, especially in Thailand since the conclusion of a free trade agreement in The EU malt exports to Thailand, the second largest market in ASEAN, collapsed from nearly 160,000 tons in 2004 down to 60,000 tons in The export volumes lost by the EU malt were covered by Australia that went from 48,000 tons in 2004 to an average of about 114,000 tons in the period Euromalt wishes that the EU and Thailand will soon formalise the initiation of FTA discussions, which we understand are under way. If an FTA with Thailand will not come soon into place, with the elimination of tariff barriers, the EU malt exports will lose further ground at the advantage of its competitors. Vietnam Euromalt welcomed the opening of an EU-Vietnam FTA in June Euromalt contributed to the public consultation launched by the European Commission and will be happy to keep supporting the Commission with figures and information in the upcoming negotiation phase. 6

7 Euromalt members have exported an average of 130,000 tons of EU malt to Vietnam in 2010 and 2011, with a two-fold increase in export as compared to the last years. Vietnam has become the most important malt importing country after Japan. If we consider that the EU malt exports to Vietnam in the period were on average 50,000 tons per year, the volumes exported have doubled in the last two years, confirming that Vietnam is one of the most dynamic growing markets for the EU malt. The local malt production is around 35,000 tons and the potential for development of the local industry is limited by intrinsic factors linked to the country s tropical position which makes it difficult and costly for an expanded malt production as well as the fact that all the malting barley must be imported. On the other hand, the Vietnamese brewing industry is expanding albeit at slowest peace and will foreseeably need an increased supply of malt, mainly coming from imports from producing countries. The EU malt exports to Vietnam should be further facilitated to guarantee an adequate supply of quality malt to this growing market which cannot be supplied by local production. The competitiveness of the European malting industry should be supported in its role of major supplier of malt to the Vietnamese brewing industry. There is currently a 5% duty on malt imports to Vietnam. Its elimination in the framework of an FTA would support the EU malt exports. An even trading condition must be guaranteed in order to avoid that the competitive advantage of the other malt exporters to Vietnam will jeopardize the EU malting industry capability to supply this market. Australia in particular is favored not only by its geographical proximity, but also by a free trade agreement already in place with the ASEAN block, agreement that seems to be far from being reached for the EU. 7

8 Annex 3 Potential losses for the European malting industry Period CAMBODIA INDONESIA LAOS MALAYSIA MYANMAR PHILIPPINES SINGAPORE THAILAND VIET-NAM Total per Avg AV duty 7% 5% n.a. 0 5% 1% THB*/kg 5% year ,423 5,501 6,231 20,690 1,083 51,477 25,394 73,513 40, , ,194 1,955 7,007 14,437 1,905 74,216 27, ,774 46, , ,352 2,350 7,942 16,151 2,198 80,507 25, ,293 63, , ,487 3,268 8,126 22,041 1,533 88,287 28, ,418 49, , ,688 3,710 12,716 25,541 2,894 96,468 34, ,956 55, , ,306 3,262 13,076 25,732 2,377 38,494 40, ,714 49, , ,884 2,875 6,986 12,835 3,261 25,681 39, ,129 41, , ,008 4,880 1,388 18,728 4,435 27,000 37,285 86,854 59, , ,882 3,298 3,255 19,251 2,985 16,252 27,838 60,531 66, , ,667 6,431 1,367 19,324 1,052 31,721 26,558 51, , , ,829 9,992 18,932 20,132 43,597 27,090 65, , ,277 Total ,720 47,522 87, ,862 23, , ,110 1,100, ,127 3,184,847 Average ,065 4,320 7,911 19,533 2,372 52,155 30, ,005 66, ,532 Cost of maintained tariff (USD)** $182,569 $92,884 n.a. $0 $51,002 $224,265 $0 $8,933,403 $1,429,021 * exchange rate THB/USD = ** estimated malt cost = 430 USD/ton Sources: Eurostat; WTO Tariff Download Facility; e-malt

Japan s Policy to Strengthen Economic Partnership. November 2003

Japan s Policy to Strengthen Economic Partnership. November 2003 Japan s Policy to Strengthen Economic Partnership November 2003 1. Basic Structure of Japan s External Economic Policy -Promoting Economic Partnership Agreements with closely related countries and regions

More information

The Trans Pacific Partnership and Australian Grains

The Trans Pacific Partnership and Australian Grains The Trans Pacific Partnership and Australian Grains December 2015 By being in the TPP, Australian grain exports will gain greater, and more liberal, access to Japan. If Australia is not in the TPP, Canada

More information

Lecture 4 Multilateralism and Regionalism. Hyun-Hoon Lee Professor Kangwon National University

Lecture 4 Multilateralism and Regionalism. Hyun-Hoon Lee Professor Kangwon National University Lecture 4 Multilateralism and Regionalism Hyun-Hoon Lee Professor Kangwon National University 1 The World Trade Organization (WTO) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) A multilateral agreement

More information

1.3. Rankings: imports, exports and overall trade volume Philippines trade with EU Member States Structure and trends by product

1.3. Rankings: imports, exports and overall trade volume Philippines trade with EU Member States Structure and trends by product Front Cover Contents 1 Overview 2 1. Trade Relations 1.1. Trade in goods: main trends 1.2. Trade in services 1.3. Rankings: imports, exports and overall trade volume 1.4. Comparison of EU-Philippines

More information

KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA NATION RELIGION KING 3 TOURISM STATISTICS REPORT. September 2010

KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA NATION RELIGION KING 3 TOURISM STATISTICS REPORT. September 2010 KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA NATION RELIGION KING 3 TOURISM STATISTICS REPORT September 2010 MINISTRY OF TOURISM Statistics and Tourism Information Department No. A3, Street 169, Sangkat Veal Vong, Khan 7 Makara,

More information

Charting Singapore s Economy, 1H 2017

Charting Singapore s Economy, 1H 2017 Charting Singapore s Economy, 1H 2017 Designed to help executives interpret economic numbers and incorporate them into company s planning. Publication Date: January 3 rd, 2017 Next Issue: To be published

More information

WORLDWIDE DISTRIBUTION OF PRIVATE FINANCIAL ASSETS

WORLDWIDE DISTRIBUTION OF PRIVATE FINANCIAL ASSETS WORLDWIDE DISTRIBUTION OF PRIVATE FINANCIAL ASSETS Munich, November 2018 Copyright Allianz 11/19/2018 1 MORE DYNAMIC POST FINANCIAL CRISIS Changes in the global wealth middle classes in millions 1,250

More information

Economic integration: an agreement between

Economic integration: an agreement between Chapter 8 Economic integration: an agreement between or amongst nations within an economic bloc to reduce and ultimately remove tariff and nontariff barriers to the free flow of products, capital, and

More information

Trans-Pacific Trade and Investment Relations Region Is Key Driver of Global Economic Growth

Trans-Pacific Trade and Investment Relations Region Is Key Driver of Global Economic Growth Trans-Pacific Trade and Investment Relations Region Is Key Driver of Global Economic Growth Background The Asia-Pacific region is a key driver of global economic growth, representing nearly half of the

More information

APPENDIXES. 1: Regional Integration Tables. Table Descriptions. Regional Groupings. Table A1: Trade Share Asia (% of total trade)

APPENDIXES. 1: Regional Integration Tables. Table Descriptions. Regional Groupings. Table A1: Trade Share Asia (% of total trade) 1: Regional Integration Tables The statistical appendix is comprised of 10 tables that present selected indicators on economic integration covering the 48 regional members of the n Development Bank (ADB).

More information

Charting Indonesia s Economy, 1H 2017

Charting Indonesia s Economy, 1H 2017 Charting Indonesia s Economy, 1H 2017 Designed to help executives interpret economic numbers and incorporate them into company s planning. Publication Date: January 3 rd, 2017 Next Issue: To be published

More information

KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA NATION RELIGION KING 3 TOURISM STATISTICS REPORT. March 2010

KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA NATION RELIGION KING 3 TOURISM STATISTICS REPORT. March 2010 KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA NATION RELIGION KING 3 TOURISM STATISTICS REPORT March 2010 MINISTRY OF TOURISM Statistics and Tourism Information Department No. A3, Street 169, Sangkat Veal Vong, Khan 7 Makara, Phnom

More information

Putting the Experience of Chinese Inventors into Context. Richard Miller, Office of Chief Economist May 19, 2015

Putting the Experience of Chinese Inventors into Context. Richard Miller, Office of Chief Economist May 19, 2015 Putting the Experience of Chinese Inventors into Context Richard Miller, Office of Chief Economist May 19, 2015 Outline Data and Methods Growth in PTO Filings Focus on foreign co-invention Patent examination

More information

3) The European Union is an example of integration. A) regional B) relative C) global D) bilateral

3) The European Union is an example of integration. A) regional B) relative C) global D) bilateral 1 International Business: Environments and Operations Chapter 7 Economic Integration and Cooperation Multiple Choice: Circle the one best choice according to the textbook. 1) integration is the political

More information

Speech by Commissioner Phil Hogan at AVEC General Assembly

Speech by Commissioner Phil Hogan at AVEC General Assembly Speech by Commissioner Phil Hogan at AVEC General Assembly - "Market Orientation of the Global Poultry Meat Business in European and a Global Perspective." 30 th September 2016, Lisbon, Portugal. - Check

More information

2013 (received) 2015 (received) Local Local Local Local currency. currency (millions) currency. (millions)

2013 (received) 2015 (received) Local Local Local Local currency. currency (millions) currency. (millions) Table 1. UNDP regular resources: contributions received or pledged in - figures are based on contribution amounts already received or officially pledged. (For contributions received, the UN echange rates

More information

Economics of the Trans- Pacific Partnership (TPP)

Economics of the Trans- Pacific Partnership (TPP) Economics of the Trans- Pacific Partnership (TPP) AED/IS 4540 International Commerce and the World Economy Professor Sheldon sheldon.1@osu.edu What is TPP? Trans-Pacific Trade Partnership (TPP), signed

More information

2016 (received) Local Local Local Local currency. currency (millions) currency. (millions)

2016 (received) Local Local Local Local currency. currency (millions) currency. (millions) Table 1. UNDP regular resources: contributions received or pledged in - figures are based on contribution amounts already received or officially pledged. (For contributions received, the UN echange rates

More information

Charting South Korea s Economy, 1H 2017

Charting South Korea s Economy, 1H 2017 Charting South Korea s Economy, 1H 2017 Designed to help executives interpret economic numbers and incorporate them into company s planning. Publication Date: January 3 rd, 2017 Next Issue: To be published

More information

Chapter 9. Regional Economic Integration

Chapter 9. Regional Economic Integration Chapter 9 Regional Economic Integration Global Talent Crunch The Global Talent Crunch Over the next decade, it is estimated that the growth in demand for collegeeducated talent will exceed the growth in

More information

Rules of Origin Process (Chile)

Rules of Origin Process (Chile) Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Secretariat 2004/SOM1/SCCP1/060 Agenda Item: 10.4 Rules of Origin Process (Chile) Sub-Committee on Customs Procedures Santiago, Chile 25-27 February 2004 BACKGROUND The

More information

Myanmar Visa on Arrival

Myanmar Visa on Arrival Myanmar Visa on Arrival Types of Visa, Fees and Duration Types of Visa Fees Duration BUSINESS VISA US$ 50 70 days ENTRY VISA (Meetings / Workshops / Events) US$ 40 28 days TRANSIT VISA US$ 20 24 hours

More information

ISSUE BRIEF: U.S. Immigration Priorities in a Global Context

ISSUE BRIEF: U.S. Immigration Priorities in a Global Context Immigration Task Force ISSUE BRIEF: U.S. Immigration Priorities in a Global Context JUNE 2013 As a share of total immigrants in 2011, the United States led a 24-nation sample in familybased immigration

More information

Council for the Development of Cambodia

Council for the Development of Cambodia Investment Environment and Opportunities in Cambodia Presented by Senator Chhit Kim Yeat Vice Chairman of Standing Committee of Foreign Affairs, International Cooperation, Media and Information I. Investment

More information

International Business Global Edition

International Business Global Edition International Business Global Edition By Charles W.L. Hill (adapted for LIUC2016 by R.Helg) Copyright 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 9 Regional Economic Integration

More information

Japanese External Policies and the Asian Economic Developments

Japanese External Policies and the Asian Economic Developments Japanese External Policies and the Asian Economic Developments Ken-ichi RIETI, Japan June 2002 5th GTAP Annual Conference Table of Contents Economic Developments of Japan and Asia Trends in the Japanese

More information

Charting Philippines Economy, 1H 2017

Charting Philippines Economy, 1H 2017 Charting Philippines Economy, 1H 2017 Designed to help executives interpret economic numbers and incorporate them into company s planning. Publication Date: January 3 rd, 2017 Next Issue: To be published

More information

Monthly Inbound Update June th August 2017

Monthly Inbound Update June th August 2017 Monthly Inbound Update June 217 17 th August 217 1 Contents 1. About this data 2. Headlines 3. Journey Purpose: June, last 3 months, year to date and rolling twelve months by journey purpose 4. Global

More information

Taiwan s Development Strategy for the Next Phase. Dr. San, Gee Vice Chairman Taiwan External Trade Development Council Taiwan

Taiwan s Development Strategy for the Next Phase. Dr. San, Gee Vice Chairman Taiwan External Trade Development Council Taiwan Taiwan s Development Strategy for the Next Phase Dr. San, Gee Vice Chairman Taiwan External Trade Development Council Taiwan 2013.10.12 1 Outline 1. Some of Taiwan s achievements 2. Taiwan s economic challenges

More information

Cambridge Model United Nations 2018 WTO: The Question of Free Trade Agreements in a Changing World

Cambridge Model United Nations 2018 WTO: The Question of Free Trade Agreements in a Changing World 1 Study Guide: The Question of Free Trade Agreements in a Changing World Committee: World Trade Organisation Topic: The Question of Free Trade Agreements in a Changing World Introduction: The WTO aims

More information

Year. Fig.1 Population projections

Year. Fig.1 Population projections Outline of DNE21+ Model - Population, GDP Estimates- March 25, 28 1. Population Statistics from United Nations 26 are used. (UN, World Population Prospects:The 26 Revision. http://esa.un.org/unpp/) (Figure

More information

Charting Australia s Economy

Charting Australia s Economy Charting Australia s Economy Designed to help executives catch up with the economy and incorporate macro impacts into company s planning. Annual subscription includes 2 semiannual issues published in June

More information

International Egg Market Annual Review

International Egg Market Annual Review 07 International Egg Market Annual Review Global and regional development of egg production TABLE 1 2005 COUNTRY PRODUCTION SHARE (1,000 T) (%) 2006 COUNTRY PRODUCTION SHARE (1,000 T) (%) TABLE 2 COUNTRY

More information

Australia s Free Trade Agreements

Australia s Free Trade Agreements Australia s Free Trade s Australia s Free Trade s Australia has ten Free Trade s (FTAs) currently in force: ANZCERTA AUSFTA AANZFTA MAFTA JAEPA SAFTA TAFTA AACI FTA KAFTA ChAFTA The following countries

More information

2015 (received) 2016 (received) 2017 (received) Local Local Local Local currency. currency. currency (millions) (millions)

2015 (received) 2016 (received) 2017 (received) Local Local Local Local currency. currency. currency (millions) (millions) Table 1. UNDP regular resources: contributions received or pledged in - figures are based on contribution amounts already received or officially pledged. (For contributions received, the UN echange rates

More information

Toward Inclusive Growth in Indonesia : Improving Trade and Employment

Toward Inclusive Growth in Indonesia : Improving Trade and Employment Toward Inclusive Growth in Indonesia : Improving Trade and Employment Guntur Sugiyarto*) Asian Development Bank Conference on Trade and Employment in a Globalized World. Jakarta, Indonesia, 1-11 Desember

More information

CHAPTER I: SIZE AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE POPULATION

CHAPTER I: SIZE AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE POPULATION CHAPTER I: SIZE AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE POPULATION 1. Trends in the Population of Japan The population of Japan is 127.77 million. It increased by 0.7% over the five-year period, the lowest

More information

The situation of trade relation between Vietnam and ASEAN

The situation of trade relation between Vietnam and ASEAN The situation of trade relation between Vietnam and ASEAN Nhung Thi Thai In 1988, a year before the Soviet Union collapsed, the 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam adopted a resolution

More information

Capitalizing on Global and Regional Integration. Chapter 8

Capitalizing on Global and Regional Integration. Chapter 8 Capitalizing on Global and Regional Integration Chapter 8 Objectives Importance of economic integration Global integration Regional integration Regional organizations of interest Implications for action

More information

1.1. Trade in goods: main trends Rankings: imports, exports and overall trade volume Philippines trade with EU Member States

1.1. Trade in goods: main trends Rankings: imports, exports and overall trade volume Philippines trade with EU Member States Front Cover Contents Message from the EU Trade Commissioner 2 Overview 3 1. Trade Relations 1.1. Trade in goods: main trends 1.2. Trade in services 1.3. Rankings: imports, exports and overall trade volume

More information

Global Trends in Location Selection Final results for 2005

Global Trends in Location Selection Final results for 2005 Global Business Services Plant Location International Global Trends in Location Selection Final results for 2005 September, 2006 Global Business Services Plant Location International 1. Global Overview

More information

Impact of Japan s ODA Loan on Asian Economic Developments

Impact of Japan s ODA Loan on Asian Economic Developments Impact of Japan s ODA Loan on Asian Economic Developments Ken-ichi RIETI/MoFA, Japan June 2001 4th GTAP Annual Conference Table of Contents Japanese Official Development Assistance (ODA) Aid Philosophy

More information

Website: http//eeas.europa.eu/delegations/philippines

Website: http//eeas.europa.eu/delegations/philippines 30th Floor, Tower II, RCBC Plaza 6819 Ayala Ave., 1200 Makati City, Philippines E-mail: Delegation-Philippines@eeas.europa.eu Website: http//eeas.europa.eu/delegations/philippines Contents 1 Message from

More information

International Summer Program June 26 th to July 17 th, 2006

International Summer Program June 26 th to July 17 th, 2006 International Summer Program June 26 th to July 17 th, 2006 Economic Integration By Matthias Kirbach Main elements of this session What is economic integration? Why should we be interested in the process

More information

Growth, Investment and Trade Challenges: India and Japan

Growth, Investment and Trade Challenges: India and Japan Growth, Investment and Trade Challenges: India and Japan October 31, 2017 Shujiro URATA Waseda University Outline 1. Economic Growth: Japan and India 2. Foreign Trade and Investment 3. India Japan EPA

More information

Belgium s foreign trade

Belgium s foreign trade Belgium s FIRST 9 months Belgium s BELGIAN FOREIGN TRADE AFTER THE FIRST 9 MONTHS OF Analysis of the figures for (first 9 months) (Source: eurostat - community concept*) After the first nine months of,

More information

Presented by Sarah O Keefe External Relations Officer European Representative Office Frankfurt, Germany

Presented by Sarah O Keefe External Relations Officer European Representative Office Frankfurt, Germany Asian Development Bank ADB Business Opportunities Seminar AICEP Portugal Global Av. 5 de Outubro, 101 1050-051 Lisboa 4 October 2012 Introduction ti to ADB Presented by Sarah O Keefe External Relations

More information

Overview of JODI Gas Milestones and Beta Test Launch

Overview of JODI Gas Milestones and Beta Test Launch 3 rd Gas Data Transparency Conference 4-5 June 2013, Bali, Indonesia Overview of JODI Gas Milestones and Beta Test Launch Yuichiro Torikata Energy Analyst International Energy Forum Extending the JODI

More information

China ASEAN Relations: Opportunities and Challenges for Development

China ASEAN Relations: Opportunities and Challenges for Development Rising Powers Workshop 1 Beijing, 15-16 July 2010 China ASEAN Relations: Opportunities and Challenges for Development Prof. Dr. Dang Nguyen Anh Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences (VASS) ASEAN The Association

More information

GERMANY, JAPAN AND INTERNATIONAL PAYMENT IMBALANCES

GERMANY, JAPAN AND INTERNATIONAL PAYMENT IMBALANCES Articles Articles Articles Articles Articles CENTRAL EUROPEAN REVIEW OF ECONOMICS & FINANCE Vol. 2, No. 1 (2012) pp. 5-18 Slawomir I. Bukowski* GERMANY, JAPAN AND INTERNATIONAL PAYMENT IMBALANCES Abstract

More information

Charting Cambodia s Economy

Charting Cambodia s Economy Charting Cambodia s Economy Designed to help executives catch up with the economy and incorporate macro impacts into company s planning. Annual subscription includes 2 semiannual issues published in June

More information

International Business

International Business International Business 10e By Charles W.L. Hill Copyright 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter

More information

Contemporary theory, practice and cases By Ilan Alon, Eugene Jaffe, Christiane Prange & Donata Vianelli

Contemporary theory, practice and cases By Ilan Alon, Eugene Jaffe, Christiane Prange & Donata Vianelli Global Marketing Contemporary theory, practice and cases By Ilan Alon, Eugene Jaffe, Christiane Prange & Donata Vianelli Chapter 3 Regional Trade and Emerging Markets Learning objectives After reading

More information

The Three Elephants in the Room: Coal, Oil and Gas in the Primary Energy Consumption (PEC) and their CO2 Emissions up to 2013 Bernard CHABOT

The Three Elephants in the Room: Coal, Oil and Gas in the Primary Energy Consumption (PEC) and their CO2 Emissions up to 2013 Bernard CHABOT The Three Elephants in the Room: Coal, Oil and Gas in the Primary Energy Consumption (PEC) and their CO2 Emissions up to 2013 Bernard CHABOT Renewable Energy Consultant and Trainer BCCONSULT, Garbejaire

More information

The EU Human Rights Country Strategy for the Philippines focuses on the following areas of concern:

The EU Human Rights Country Strategy for the Philippines focuses on the following areas of concern: Thursday, 12 May, 2016-17:01 Philippines and the EU The relationship between the EU and the Republic of the Philippines is a longstanding one, which has broadened and deepened remarkably in recent years.

More information

Round 1. This House would ban the use of zero-hour contracts. Proposition v. Opposition

Round 1. This House would ban the use of zero-hour contracts. Proposition v. Opposition Round 1 This House would ban the use of zero-hour contracts New Zealand Bermuda Wales Romania Greece Estonia USA Scotland Slovakia Philippines Qatar Ireland Hungary Australia Japan Canada Sri Lanka Sweden

More information

Asian Development Bank

Asian Development Bank Asian Development Bank October 2015 President Takehiko Nakao Azerbaijan ADB Regional Members(48 economies) Uzbekistan Kazakhstan Georgia Armenia Turkmenistan Afghanistan Pakistan Kyrgyz Republic Mongolia

More information

Asian Development Bank

Asian Development Bank Asian Development Bank March 2018 President Takehiko Nakao Azerbaijan ADB Regional Members(48 economies) Uzbekistan Kazakhstan Georgia Armenia Turkmenistan Afghanistan Pakistan Bangladesh Maldives Kyrgyz

More information

Education Quality and Economic Development

Education Quality and Economic Development Education Quality and Economic Development Eric A. Hanushek Stanford University Bank of Israel Jerusalem, June 2017 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Development = Growth Growth = Skills Conclusions

More information

Statistics to Measure Offshoring and its Impact

Statistics to Measure Offshoring and its Impact Statistics to Measure Offshoring and its Impact by Robert C. Feenstra University of California, Davis, and NBER For presentation at THE FOURTH IMF STATISTICAL FORUM LIFTING THE SMALL BOATS: STATISTICS

More information

Mapping physical therapy research

Mapping physical therapy research Mapping physical therapy research Supplement Johan Larsson Skåne University Hospital, Revingevägen 2, 247 31 Södra Sandby, Sweden January 26, 2017 Contents 1 Additional maps of Europe, North and South

More information

Tourism Highlights International Tourist Arrivals, Average Length of Stay, Hotels Occupancy & Tourism Receipts Years

Tourism Highlights International Tourist Arrivals, Average Length of Stay, Hotels Occupancy & Tourism Receipts Years KINGDOM OF CAMBODIAA NATION RELIGION KING 3 TOURISM STATISTICS REPORT Oct tober 2013 MINISTRY OF TOURISM Statisticss and Tourism Information Department No. A3, Street 169, Sangkat Veal Vong, Khann 7 Makara,

More information

The new promotion policy

The new promotion policy PPA(15)8431:1 The new promotion policy Global context Diego CANGA-FANO European Commission DG Agriculture and Rural Development Director- Multilateral relations and Quality policy 22/10/2015 1 Overall

More information

Chapter 1: Globalization and International Business

Chapter 1: Globalization and International Business Chapter 1: Globalization and International Business Chapter Objectives 1-2 To define globalization and international business and show how they affect each other To understand why companies engage in international

More information

Supplementary figures

Supplementary figures Supplementary figures Source: OECD (211d, p. 8). Figure S3.1 Business enterprise expenditure on R&D, 1999 and 29 (as a percentage of GDP) ISR FIN SWE KOR (1999, 28) JPN CHE (2, 28) USA (1999, 28) DNK AUT

More information

Trademarks FIGURE 8 FIGURE 9. Highlights. Figure 8 Trademark applications worldwide. Figure 9 Trademark application class counts worldwide

Trademarks FIGURE 8 FIGURE 9. Highlights. Figure 8 Trademark applications worldwide. Figure 9 Trademark application class counts worldwide Trademarks Highlights Applications grew by 16.4% in 2016 An estimated 7 million trademark applications were filed worldwide in 2016, 16.4% more than in 2015 (figure 8). This marks the seventh consecutive

More information

MEGA-REGIONAL FTAS AND CHINA

MEGA-REGIONAL FTAS AND CHINA Multi-year Expert Meeting on Enhancing the Enabling Economic Environment at All Levels in Support of Inclusive and Sustainable Development (2nd session) Towards an enabling multilateral trading system

More information

Presentation on TPP & TTIP Background and Implications. by Dr V.S. SESHADRI at Centre for WTO Studies New Delhi 3 March 2014

Presentation on TPP & TTIP Background and Implications. by Dr V.S. SESHADRI at Centre for WTO Studies New Delhi 3 March 2014 Presentation on TPP & TTIP Background and Implications by Dr V.S. SESHADRI at Centre for WTO Studies New Delhi 3 March 2014 Contents of Presentation 1. What is TPP? 2. What is TTIP? 3. How are these initiatives

More information

Country Update. Manufactured products exports: Technical Barriers to Trade faced by exporters from Vietnam VIET NAM. Provided by

Country Update. Manufactured products exports: Technical Barriers to Trade faced by exporters from Vietnam VIET NAM. Provided by VIET NAM JULY 2016 CONNEXION FORUM Country Update Manufactured products exports: Technical Barriers to Trade faced by exporters from Vietnam Provided by CUTS International, Hanoi Resource Centre www.cuts-hrc.org/en

More information

2014 BELGIAN FOREIGN TRADE

2014 BELGIAN FOREIGN TRADE 2014 BELGIAN FOREIGN TRADE 2 3 01 \\ EXPORTS 6 1.1 Geographical developments 1.2 Sectoral developments 02 \\ IMPORTS 14 2.1 Geographical developments 2.2 Sectoral developments 03 \\ GEOGRAPHICAL TRADE

More information

Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 2013

Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 2013 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 2013 By Sophie Lu LUP 011.8-3, Dec. 2013 Guangxi is the country s only area in the west which has a coastline and seaports. This region has the geographic advantage of

More information

3. Sustainable Development

3. Sustainable Development 3. Sustainable Development 3.1. Gini index in ASEM countries (2012) 0 10 20 30 40 50 Philippines Russian Federation Thailand Viet Nam Lao PDR Greece Portugal Bulgaria Spain Latvia Italy Lithuania Luxembourg

More information

VISA SERVICES CANADA

VISA SERVICES CANADA VISA APPLICATION FEES FOR BAHRAIN *** Visa fees and times are subject to change by embassies without notice *** BUSINESS VISA - TOURIST VISA Multiple Entry Visa, valid for five (5) years, for four (4)

More information

Meeting of the OECD Council at Ministerial Level

Meeting of the OECD Council at Ministerial Level Meeting of the OECD Council at Ministerial Level Paris, 6-7 May 2014 2014 OECD MINISTERIAL STATEMENT ON CLIMATE CHANGE 2014 OECD Ministerial Statement on Climate Change Climate change is a major urgent

More information

Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level

Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level *4898249870-I* GEOGRAPHY 9696/31 Paper 3 Advanced Human Options October/November 2015 INSERT 1 hour 30

More information

Trends in international higher education

Trends in international higher education Trends in international higher education 1 Schedule Student decision-making Drivers of international higher education mobility Demographics Economics Domestic tertiary enrolments International postgraduate

More information

Markets in higher education

Markets in higher education Markets in higher education Simon Marginson Institute of Education (IOE) Conference on The State and Market in Education: Partnership or Competition? The Grundtvig Study Centre Aarhus University and LLAKES,

More information

List of Main Imports to the United States

List of Main Imports to the United States Example List 1 CANADA CHINA JAPAN MEXICO List 1 ARGENTINA AUSTRALIA BELGIUM COSTA RICA COTE D IVOIRE KUWAIT NORWAY SOUTH KOREA SRI LANKA SUDAN List 2 BRAZIL DOMINICAN REPUBLIC FRANCE NEW ZEALAND QATAR

More information

Trade Facilitation and Better Connectivity for an Inclusive Asia and Pacific

Trade Facilitation and Better Connectivity for an Inclusive Asia and Pacific Trade Facilitation and Better Connectivity for an Inclusive Asia and Pacific Highlights Trade Facilitation and Better Connectivity for an Inclusive Asia and Pacific Highlights Creative Commons Attribution

More information

geography Bingo Instructions

geography Bingo Instructions Bingo Instructions Host Instructions: Decide when to start and select your goal(s) Designate a judge to announce events Cross off events from the list below when announced Goals: First to get any line

More information

Hinrich Foundation Sustainable Trade Index Country overview: Malaysia

Hinrich Foundation Sustainable Trade Index Country overview: Malaysia Hinrich Foundation Sustainable Trade Index Country overview: Malaysia Malaysia ranks 7 th on inaugural Hinrich Foundation Sustainable Trade Index The country is the best performer from emerging Asia The

More information

Emerging Asian economies lead Global Pay Gap rankings

Emerging Asian economies lead Global Pay Gap rankings For immediate release Emerging Asian economies lead Global Pay Gap rankings China, Thailand and Vietnam top global rankings for pay difference between managers and clerical staff Singapore, 7 May 2008

More information

Student Mobility: Implications for the ASEAN Labor

Student Mobility: Implications for the ASEAN Labor Trends and Patterns of Inter- and Intra-ASEAN Student Mobility: Implications for the ASEAN Labor Market Emily Christi A. Cabegin Paper presented at the Asian Conference on Globalization and Labor Administration:

More information

SEPTEMBER TRADE UPDATE ASIA TAKES THE LEAD

SEPTEMBER TRADE UPDATE ASIA TAKES THE LEAD Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized SEPTEMBER TRADE WATCH SEPTEMBER TRADE UPDATE ASIA TAKES THE LEAD All regions show an

More information

EDUCATION INTELLIGENCE EDUCATION INTELLIGENCE. Presentation Title DD/MM/YY. Students in Motion. Janet Ilieva, PhD Jazreel Goh

EDUCATION INTELLIGENCE EDUCATION INTELLIGENCE. Presentation Title DD/MM/YY. Students in Motion. Janet Ilieva, PhD Jazreel Goh Presentation Title DD/MM/YY Students in Motion Janet Ilieva, PhD Jazreel Goh Forecasting International Student Mobility Global slowdown in the world economy is expected to affect global demand for overseas

More information

The High Cost of Low Educational Performance. Eric A. Hanushek Ludger Woessmann

The High Cost of Low Educational Performance. Eric A. Hanushek Ludger Woessmann The High Cost of Low Educational Performance Eric A. Hanushek Ludger Woessmann Key Questions Does it matter what students know? How well is the United States doing? What can be done to change things? Answers

More information

The Relationship of Thailand Tourism Demand and Supply towards Direct and Indirect Economic Determinants

The Relationship of Thailand Tourism Demand and Supply towards Direct and Indirect Economic Determinants The Relationship of Thailand Tourism Demand and Supply towards Direct and Indirect Economic Determinants Presented by Etaya Rattanacheevorn Student ID: 538 57112 29 Master of Arts in Labor Economics and

More information

Country Number Special Instructions. Please reference https://www.business.att.com/bt/access.jsp?c=a if the Direct Access Code does not work.

Country Number Special Instructions. Please reference https://www.business.att.com/bt/access.jsp?c=a if the Direct Access Code does not work. Country Number Special Instructions US / Canada 1-866-277-2410 Algeria N/A No number is available at this time. Please reference https://commalert.alertline.com/gcs/welcome for online reporting. First,

More information

Cambodia During Economic Integration Issues and Challenges

Cambodia During Economic Integration Issues and Challenges Cambodia During Economic Integration Issues and Challenges February 2007 Neou Seiha EIC Researcher 1 Contents 1. Evolution Cambodian Trade Policy 2. Cambodian Economic Situation during Integration 3. Challenges

More information

The End of the Multi-fiber Arrangement on January 1, 2005

The End of the Multi-fiber Arrangement on January 1, 2005 On January 1 2005, the World Trade Organization agreement on textiles and clothing expired. All WTO members have unrestricted access to the American and European markets for their textiles exports. The

More information

Summary of the Results

Summary of the Results Summary of the Results CHAPTER I: SIZE AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE POPULATION 1. Trends in the Population of Japan The population of Japan is 127.77 million. It increased by 0.7% over the five-year

More information

5-Year Evaluation of the Korea-EU FTA Implementation

5-Year Evaluation of the Korea-EU FTA Implementation 5-Year Evaluation of the Korea-EU FTA Implementation From Korea s perspective EU-Korea Business Forum "The EU-Korea FTA after five years: What s been achieved and what s next?" September 22 nd 2016, Seoul

More information

2 EU exports to Indonesia Malaysia and Thailand across

2 EU exports to Indonesia Malaysia and Thailand across 1 EU exports to Indonesia Malaysia and In 2017, the EU exported goods to Indonesia Malaysia and worth EUR 39.5 billion. This is equivalent to 2.1 per cent of total EU exports of goods to non-eu countries.

More information

Dr. Biswajit Dhar Professor Centre for Economic Studies and Planning Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi

Dr. Biswajit Dhar Professor Centre for Economic Studies and Planning Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi Dr. Biswajit Dhar Professor Centre for Economic Studies and Planning Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi Email: bisjit@gmail.con The Global Trading Regime Complex combination of bilateral, regional and

More information

How many students study abroad and where do they go?

How many students study abroad and where do they go? 1. EDUCATION LEVELS AND STUDENT NUMBERS How many students study abroad and where do they go? More than 4.1 million tertiary-level students were enrolled outside their country of citizenship in 2010. Australia,

More information

MANAGING COMPETITION LAW RISK

MANAGING COMPETITION LAW RISK MANAGING COMPETITION LAW RISK EFFECTIVE COMPLIANCE AND REGULATORY ENGAGEMENT Akira Inoue Craig Lee Nicola Northway Francesca Richmond Bob Tarun The challenge Managing competition law risk 0 dawn raids

More information

International investment resumes retreat

International investment resumes retreat FDI IN FIGURES October 213 International investment resumes retreat 213 FDI flows fall back to crisis levels Preliminary data for 213 show that global FDI activity declined by 28% (to USD 256 billion)

More information

China s Aid Approaches in the Changing International Aid Architecture

China s Aid Approaches in the Changing International Aid Architecture China s Aid Approaches in the Changing International Aid Architecture Mao Xiaojing Deputy Director, Associate Research Fellow Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation (CAITEC) MOFCOM,

More information

HAPPINESS, HOPE, ECONOMIC OPTIMISM

HAPPINESS, HOPE, ECONOMIC OPTIMISM HAPPINESS, HOPE, ECONOMIC OPTIMISM Gallup International s 41 st Annual Global End of Year Survey Opinion Poll in 55 Countries Across the Globe October December 2017 Disclaimer: Gallup International Association

More information

New York County Lawyers Association Continuing Legal Education Institute 14 Vesey Street, New York, N.Y (212)

New York County Lawyers Association Continuing Legal Education Institute 14 Vesey Street, New York, N.Y (212) New York County Lawyers Association Continuing Legal Education Institute 14 Vesey Street, New York, N.Y. 10007 (212) 267-6646 Who is Who in the Global Economy And Why it Matters June 20, 2014; 6:00 PM-6:50

More information