Refugees from Burma. 3 rd APCRR, BKK, Thailand. By Victor Biak Lian

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1 Refugees from Burma 3 rd APCRR, BKK, Thailand By Victor Biak Lian

2 Victor Biak Lian Secretary, Strategic Department of Ethnic Nationalities Council (Union of Burma) Board of Directors (Chin Human Rights Organization, supervise Chiang Mai office) To Assist Director of Operation of Euro-Burma office, Brussels, Belgium

3

4 Senior General Than Shwe residence in Naypyidaw, a New Capital of Burma

5

6 $ 50 Million worth gift was received in this wedding

7 Natural resources are sold out

8 Burma Today o The SPDC just had an elections 0n 7 November, o The democracy movement fear that the elections will legitimize military rule and boycotted the elections. o The international community is undecided. o Aung San Suu Kyi was just released from House arrest and she calls for national reconciliation o Tension between armed resistance movement and regime is still going on

9 The Union of Burma SPDC command position Geographical map

10 Background Ethnic States 1. Arakan State, 2. Chin State, 3. Kachin State, 4. Karen State, 5. Karenni State, 6. Mon State, and 7. Shan State. Burman areas (Divisions) Irrawady Bago Magwe Mandalay Sagaing Tenesirim Yangon

11 Background continue: Ethnic areas The ethnic nationalities of the Union of Burma make up 40% of the population Their combined homelands cover 60% of the territory of the Union of Burma. Proper Burma The majority Burman population is about 60 % The side of proper Burman (7 divisions) is about 40% The Ethnic Issues in Burma is not a minor but a major problem, and political crisis in Burma is rooted is ethnic issues The successive government in Burma in which the role of ethnic had been minimal

12 The Burma Problem (Some important events) 1948 Independence from Britain 1949 Start of the Civil War in: Arakan, Karen, Karenni, & Mon States 1962 Military Coup & Start of the Civil War in: Kachin, Chin, & Shan States 1988 Start of People s Power Movement for Democracy; 1990 General Elections: NLD wins 82% of seats, UNLD wins 15% of seats, NUP wins 2% of seats, and Independents win 1% of seats 2007 Saffron Revolution 2010 SPDC held an election where USDP (Union Solidarity and Development Party) won 81% seats in Upper House, Lower and States legislative House

13 60 years of civil war in Burma between ethnic groups and successive military governments

14 KIO/ KIA

15 The Burma Army Bombarded Shan Positions and Sent Wa Troops to Storm the Fortified Positions in 2005

16 Loi Tai Leng, Shan State The Front-Line: After a Fierce Battle with the Wa in 2005

17 Karen Revolutionary Day in Karen State

18 We are prisoners of our own country Daw Aung San Suu Kyi

19 Where are we? The poorest country in South East Asia 3 millions migrant workers in Thailand One million people are being displaced within Burma About 200,000 refugees in neibouring countries (APRRN, 174,000) Burma is trying to build nuclear warhead

20 Rohingjah Refugees 28,000 refugees live in this Camp, Bangladesh Border and 200,000 are unrecognized refugees

21 Shan Refugee Village at Loi Tai Leng (Note: The number of Shan refugees are not possible to estimated in Thailand)

22 The biggest Internally Displaced People camp in Burma called Eh Thu Hta on the Salween River

23 Land mine victims

24 Eh Thu Hta IDP camp 5000 IDP are living in this camp

25 The number of Burmese refugees (Karen are majority) in 9 camps in Thailand is approximately 142,000

26

27 Chin refugees in Malaysia 90,000 refugees from ethnic background in Malaysia

28

29 Starvation 80% of the populations are under poverty line

30 Force Labour in Burma

31 Migrant workers in Mizoram, India there are 3 millions migrant workers in Thailand

32 Nargis Constitution and Giri Election which will not lead to a solution in the conflict in Burma

33

34 The 1994 UNGA Resolution To resolve Burma s problems and to build a sustainable democracy, there should be a tripartite dialogue amongst The Tatmadaw, Democracy advocates, and the Ethnic Nationalities. The resolution is welcomed by the ethnic groups and Daw Aung San Suu Kyi but regime refuses to accept it and instead, 7 step roadmap toward democracy in Burma was introduced.

35 Tripartite Dialogue Three parties: The Tatmadaw, Democracy advocates, and the Ethnic Nationalities. -OR- Three issues: Leading Role of the Tatmadaw, Democracy, and a Fair Constitutional Arrangement.

36 Post election 7 step road map to disciplined democracy will not lead to democracy (5 th step is Election). Ethnic resistance armies refused to accept Border Guard Force and tension is now high between regime and resistance movements Though Aung San San Suu Kyi had been released from house arrest, there are more than 2200 Political prisoners still remain Direct military to indirect military United vision, different roles, diverse action is needed

37 Conclusion Refugees will continue to influx into neiboring countries if fighting between ethnic resistance groups and regime Refugees worry for repatriation when the government of Myanmar (Expected to form in January) announce general amnesty International community continue support is necessary unless a political solution for Burma is found Thank you!

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