USF. Immigration Stories from Colombia & Venezuela: A Challenge to Ogbu s Framework. Mara Krilanovich
|
|
- Justin Mills
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Immigration Stories from Colombia & Venezuela: A Challenge to Ogbu s Framework 1 USF Immigration Stories from Colombia & Venezuela: A Challenge to Ogbu s Framework Mara Krilanovich Introduction to Immigration, Migration, Refugees and Exiles Dr. Shabnam Koirala-Azad May 12, 2006
2 Immigration Stories from Colombia & Venezuela: A Challenge to Ogbu s Framework 2 Introduction The process of immigration creates strain and stress on individuals and families, but as important to the physical stressors, immigration also creates new identities and relationships with the receiving community. In order to make sense of the new identities created in the United States by immigrants and their families, and to construct a theory of how those who are not part of the majority culture interact within the structures of the dominant society, namely the structure of education, John Ogbu and his contemporaries (both colleagues and students) constructed a theory of immigrant identity. Ogbu s theory was an attempt to understand African American students lack of success and attitudes toward schooling in the framework of a racist and caste-like society. The theory, however, has been used to interpret immigrant experiences across cultures. In order to explore more fully how the Latino immigrant experience fits in with Ogbu s theory, I interviewed two sets of siblings who immigrated from Latin America, Venezuela and Colombia respectively. Those participants are Carlos, Felipe, Isaac and Pedro David. Carlos and Felipe immigrated to the United States at very early ages. Both were born in Medellin, Colombia and are now in their mid to late 30 s. Isaac and Pedro David are more recent immigrants from Puerto la Cruz, Venezuela. Both sets of siblings are from upper-middle class families in their countries of origin. All struggled with finances when they arrived here, experiencing a significant drop in socioeconomic status, then, through industriousness and hard work, made their way back in to the middle class, although not yet reaching the same level of status as they enjoyed in their native country.
3 Immigration Stories from Colombia & Venezuela: A Challenge to Ogbu s Framework 3 All of the individuals interviewed had at least some, in Carlos and Felipe s cases, all, of their formal education in the United States. Isaac spent some high school years in the United States and completed some college courses. Pedro David has experienced college-level experience in the United States and is currently attending a local law school. John Ogbu s Work John Ogbu conceptualized minority school success, or lack thereof, in the form of oppositional behavior, as a response to conditions in society that place certain minorities in a caste-like structure (Ogbu, 1992). He placed minorities in a several groups based on their immigration status and cultural frame of reference. The two categories that served as the basis for Ogbu s theory are that of voluntary minorities and involuntary minorities. He constructed two additional groups, on which he wrote little, which are autonomous minorities and refugees. Ogbu conceptualized autonomous minorities as minority groups, like the Jews and Mormons, who are culturally and may be linguistically distinct, but who have relatively high rates of student success. Refugees are neither voluntary nor involuntary minorities and are the subject of little discussion in Ogbu s framework. He simply marked them as another category (Ogbu, 1992). Voluntary and involuntary minorities, being the crux of Ogbu s work, are the two categories for discussion here. Voluntary minorities are those people, and the children of those individuals, who have move to the United States on a voluntary basis because they believed they would find a better life (Ogbu, 1992). Involuntary minorities are those who are part of the United States society through the process of conquest, colonization or
4 Immigration Stories from Colombia & Venezuela: A Challenge to Ogbu s Framework 4 slavery. Ogbu includes Mexican Americans in the latter category because of the history of colonization in the Southwest (Ogbu, 1992). The importance of these classifications is that, according to Ogbu, these distinct groups have different beliefs about the presence of opportunities available to them in the United States society. The beliefs are primarily based on perceptions of race-based discrimination and the institutionalization of racism (Ogbu, 1994). These beliefs cross socioeconomic class lines and persist regardless of the economic attainment of individuals of color. For involuntary minorities, beliefs about the United States as a racist society lead to the distrust of systems and institutions that are controlled by white Americans (Ogbu, 1994). Contrarily, voluntary minorities do not perceive institutionalized racism and believe that, regardless of their status as a minority, they have an opportunity at success through hard work and educational attainment. Methodology Using a video camera with sound, I interviewed each sibling set for approximately an hour period of time. I choose to interview each sibling set together, instead of individually, because I believed that more rich information would be available. Interviews about one s past are based on the memories of the individuals who lived that experience. Elizabeth Loftus (2003) and others have found that the recall of memories are susceptible to suggestion and prompting. I wished to interview the siblings in tandem because I believed that would produce more accurate memory recall and facilitate the process of storytelling.
5 Immigration Stories from Colombia & Venezuela: A Challenge to Ogbu s Framework 5 The questions were developed prior to the interview and were designed to ascertain their experiences in relation to Ogbu s framework and their reasons for immigration. The questions were sent via to the participants in advance to make sure that they were comfortable with the content of the interview. The participants had an opportunity to identify any questions that they would feel uncomfortable answering, but in the end, did not elect to have any questions edited. Despite having set questions, I did not intend to, nor in practice did I, strictly stick to the questions asked, to allow for some natural discussion to happen and for some follow-up questions. Findings Carlos and Felipe had experienced schooling in the Catholic school system in southern California after their parents settled in the area from their native Medellín, Colombia. The family immigrated to the United States from Colombia because of some difficulties there which necessitated a move. They came from a wealthy family with a tremendous amount of social and economic capital. Both Carlos and Felipe were born in Medellín, but immigrated at different times. Their mother went back to Colombia to give birth to Felipe after living in the United States for a few years with Carlos and their father. The first few years of life in the United States were difficult, but with the help of an uncle, the boy s father managed to carve out a place in the Latino business community and eventually ran a successful furniture store there. Both men perceive their childhoods to be stable and their family situation to be supportive. Felipe makes it very clear in the interview that his parents learned lessons, or gained social capital in the Bourdieu s sense of the term, which facilitated greater educational success and ease in transition from the
6 Immigration Stories from Colombia & Venezuela: A Challenge to Ogbu s Framework 6 home life to the school life, which the both indicate was a sharp break in cultural norms and means of relating with the world. Carlos first experiences with education were as a confused Spanish-speaking child in an English speaking environment. He relates a tale of being labeled as learning disabled because of his lack of English skills. This, unfortunately, is a common occurrence which no doubt carries long-lasting affects on self-esteem and educational identity. Their parents, again, exercised their social capital and removed Carlos from that school environment and placed him in what they perceived to be a more caring and attentive setting at a Catholic school in the area. There, Carlos felt out of place and was labeled as a low-achieving student and the teachers had low expectations for his academic achievement. While not explicitly stated, it is clear that Carlos had internalized the racist stereotypes of Latinos as not being able to succeed and participated in the school setting in a way that met the low expectations of the teachers. Ironically, Carlos is quite well spoken, clearly quite intelligent, and has subsequently been accepted at one of the elite institutions in the United States, the University of California at Berkeley. Felipe had a different educational experience than Carlos and did not feel the same jarring, despite attending the same schools. It is interesting to note that both siblings refer to the surrounding environment as a racist one, but that because they attended private schools, they were somewhat insulated from overt racism throughout the course of their schooling. They attributed the presence of a separate ESL after school program for immigrant Latino students as providing a culturally sensitive environment. Felipe and Carlos, like many Latino families, had strong connections to their country of origin, traveling back and forth between Colombia and the United States on a
7 Immigration Stories from Colombia & Venezuela: A Challenge to Ogbu s Framework 7 regular basis. This contributed to both a strong sense of identity as Colombians, not Colombian Americans, and to a youth that was marked by navigating strong social and cultural differences in the two countries. In relation to Ogbu s framework, Carlos and Felipe are considered voluntary minorities. However, their feelings about the United States as a racist society are not completely in line with Ogbu s framework. In prior and subsequent discussions on race and class, both Carlos and Felipe have discussed how racism has been an obstacle to their success. They share the belief that it is difficult, regardless of the amount of hard work one puts in, but not impossible, for Latinos to achieve high levels of success in the United States. When asked directly if they believed that through hard work and education is it possible for everyone to succeed in the United States, the response is an unequivocal no. However, they do not possess the attitude of distrust of institutions that would be a marker of involuntary minorities. Isaac and Pedro David are much different in their view of opportunities in the United States. Isaac and Pedro David immigrated to the United States somewhat recently from Venezuela. They have a large network of family members that provided sources of social and economic support and made it possible for the two brothers to move from their native costal town of Puerto la Cruz. A marked difference from the experiences of Carlos and Felipe, is that both Isaac and Pedro David made decisions as adults to immigrate based on their perception of educational and economic opportunities available in the United States. They were also pushed away from Venezuela because of the difficult economic and political situation. Neither professes the intention to return to Venezuela to live; their sole intention to return would be to visit.
8 Immigration Stories from Colombia & Venezuela: A Challenge to Ogbu s Framework 8 The Venezuelan brothers are from a wealthy family in their country of origin, not unlike Carlos and Felipe, and had the opportunity for advanced study in their areas of interest: Law and Engineering. Their father is not only a successful businessman, but a prominent lawyer in their native city. This affords them a certain degree of social capital that they can exercise in the context of the United States, not unlike the social capital that was exercised by Carlos and Felipe s mother when making educational decisions for her sons. In spite of their advanced educational degrees in their respective fields, both brothers have had to re-educate themselves in order to practice in their area of interest. After several years of work that was low-paying and, in most cases, unrelated to their educational and practical expertise, both brothers are finally working in their fields. When talking about their educational experiences, both spoke about technical differences in schooling, but did not focus on any cultural differences as being an issue or an obstacle in their success. Neither Isaac nor Pedro David believes that educational institutions are inherently racist nor attribute any difficulties to racism in the United States; they attribute their difficulties to lack of English language proficiency. This is unlike the experiences of Carlos and Felipe where they attributed some educational difficulties to differences in race in culture. Both Isaac and Pedro David believe that once they attain the appropriate levels of English proficiency and the degrees and certifications, that is education, necessary they will succeed. Isaac and Pedro David do discuss having some minor difficulties because of cultural differences, but they indicate that they have overcome those challenges with the help of family and friends, and sometimes through reading books. They do not have an
9 Immigration Stories from Colombia & Venezuela: A Challenge to Ogbu s Framework 9 impression that these difficulties will persist once they gain the social education necessary to not commit those cultural errors. The Venezuelan brothers both attribute success in the United States to having the desire to succeed, putting in hard work, and gaining the educational experience necessary. Both have subscribed to the master narratives of if you work hard, you can pull yourself up by the bootstraps and that the United States is the land of opportunity. These beliefs are very much in line with the tenants of Ogbu s theoretical framework. Conclusion Ogbu s theory, in relation to the experiences of Carlos and Felipe, is overly simplistic in nature and cannot account for their experiences in education and feelings about what it takes to succeed in the United States. However, for recent immigrants, like Isaac and Pedro David, Ogbu s framework does an adequate job of explaining their belief system. As Trueba (1988) indicates, social and cultural attributes, may be better markers of success than participation in one category of minority or another. In the experiences of the four participants in this small case study, the presence of social and cultural capital was significant a contribution to their success in education and in the workplace, and can better explain their success than their caste status.
10 Immigration Stories from Colombia & Venezuela: A Challenge to Ogbu s Framework 10 Bourdieu, P. ( The Field of Cultural Production. Columbia University Press: New York. Loftus, E. (2003). Make Believe Memories. The American Psychologist, 58(11), Ogbu, J. (1992). Adaptation to minority status and impact on school success. Theory into Practice, 31(4), Ogbu, J. (1994). Racial stratification and education in the United States: Why inequality persists. Teachers College Record, 96(2), Trueba, H. (1988). Culturally based explanations of minority students academic achievement. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 19,
Migrant children, their and our future - high-quality education as the best practice for both refugees and the society
Migrant children, their and our future - high-quality education as the best practice for both refugees and the society Nihad Bunar Professor, PhD Department of Child and Youth Studies Stockholm University
More informationWhat History Tells Us about Assimilation of Immigrants
April, 2017 siepr.stanford.edu Stanford Institute for Policy Brief What History Tells Us about Assimilation of Immigrants By Ran Abramitzky Immigration has emerged as a decisive and sharply divisive issue
More informationPeruvians in the United States
Peruvians in the United States 1980 2008 Center for Latin American, Caribbean & Latino Studies Graduate Center City University of New York 365 Fifth Avenue Room 5419 New York, New York 10016 212-817-8438
More informationLesson Plan: Immigration in America
Lesson Plan: Immigration in America Overview: This lesson has been written specifically to prepare Waltham County 4 th grade students for the December 2005 musical performance entitled Immigration in the
More informationBy 2025, only 58 percent of the U.S. population is projected to be white down from 86 percent in 1950.
1 2 3 By 2025, only 58 percent of the U.S. population is projected to be white down from 86 percent in 1950. 4 5 6 Sociology in the Media Transracial Adoptions: A Feel Good Act or no Big Deal by Jessica
More informationWe want to meet each other as equals, but something gets in the way
We want to meet each other as equals, but something gets in the way Modern and Internalized Oppression: patterns of inequality between native Germans and Immigrants written by Cooper Thompson, www.cooper-thompson.com/essays
More information1.Myths and images about families influence our expectations and assumptions about family life. T or F
Soc of Family Midterm Spring 2016 1.Myths and images about families influence our expectations and assumptions about family life. T or F 2.Of all the images of family, the image of family as encumbrance
More informationddendum to the Women s Caucus submission
A ddendum to the Women s Caucus submission on the ASEAN Human Rights Declaration to the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights THE UNIVERSAL Declaration on Human Rights (UDHR) is an appropriate
More informationMigrant s insertion and settlement in the host societies as a multifaceted phenomenon:
Background Paper for Roundtable 2.1 Migration, Diversity and Harmonious Society Final Draft November 9, 2016 One of the preconditions for a nation, to develop, is living together in harmony, respecting
More informationESTIMATES OF INTERGENERATIONAL LANGUAGE SHIFT: SURVEYS, MEASURES, AND DOMAINS
ESTIMATES OF INTERGENERATIONAL LANGUAGE SHIFT: SURVEYS, MEASURES, AND DOMAINS Jennifer M. Ortman Department of Sociology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Presented at the Annual Meeting of the
More informationCultural Identity of Migrants in USA and Canada
Cultural Identity of Migrants in USA and Canada golam m. mathbor espacio cultural Introduction ace refers to physical characteristics, and ethnicity usually refers Rto a way of life-custom, beliefs, and
More informationOFFICE OF THE HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS. The right to education
OFFICE OF THE HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS The right to education Commission on Human Rights Resolution: 2004/25 The Commission on Human Rights, Recalling its previous resolutions on the right to
More informationEngineering iatinn CjMBBWJte rai Life-Stories in Rural Eastern North Carolina. Tape Index. Ignacio Franco, Lay Missionary
R- Engineering iatinn CjMBBWJte rai Life-Stories in Rural Eastern North Carolina. Tape Index Interviewee. Interviewer: Interview Date: Location: Tape No: Topic: Ignacio Franco, Lay Missionary Enrique G.
More informationThe Latin American Wars of Independence were the revolutions that took place during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and resulted in the
The Latin American Wars of Independence were the revolutions that took place during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and resulted in the creation of a number of independent countries in Latin America.
More informationRESEARCH BRIEF. Latino Children of Immigrants in the Child Welfare System: Findings From the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being
RESEARCH BRIEF Latino Children of Immigrants in the Child Welfare System: Findings From the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being Alan J. Dettlaff, Ph.D., and Ilze Earner, Ph.D. The Latino
More informationInstitute on Violence, Power & Inequality. Denise Walsh Nicholas Winter DRAFT
Institute on Violence, Power & Inequality Denise Walsh (denise@virginia.edu) Nicholas Winter (nwinter@virginia.edu) Please take this very brief survey if you would like to be added to our email list: http://policog.politics.virginia.edu/limesurvey2/index.php/627335/
More informationTHE DIFFERENTIAL IMPACT OF GENTRIFICATION ON COMMUNITIES IN CHICAGO
THE DIFFERENTIAL IMPACT OF GENTRIFICATION ON COMMUNITIES IN CHICAGO By Philip Nyden, Emily Edlynn, and Julie Davis Center for Urban Research and Learning Loyola University Chicago Executive Summary The
More informationOn Inequality Traps and Development Policy. Findings
Social Development 268 November 2006 Findings reports on ongoing operational, economic, and sector work carried out by the World Bank and its member governments in the Africa Region. It is published periodically
More informationHEALTH CARE EXPERIENCES
S U R V E Y B R I E F HEALTH CARE EXPERIENCES March 004 ABOUT THE 00 NATIONAL SURVEY OF LATINOS In the 000 Census, some,06,000 people living in the United States identifi ed themselves as Hispanic/Latino.
More informationeducation review // reseñas educativas editors: gene v glass gustavo e. fischman melissa cast-brede
education review // reseñas educativas editors: gene v glass gustavo e. fischman melissa cast-brede a multi-lingual journal of book reviews November 9, 2010 ISSN 1094-5296 Abelmann, Nancy (2009). The Intimate
More informationComplexities of migration, radicalism and education. Ali A. Abdi University of British Columbia
Complexities of migration, radicalism and education Ali A. Abdi University of British Columbia Historical contexts Human migration, whether internal or global, has been a natural human activity for many
More informationROCHESTER-MONROE ANTI-POVERTY INITIATVE RELEASES PROGRESS REPORT
Michelle Kraft, Senior Communications Associate United Way of Greater Rochester (585) 242-6568 or (585) 576-6511 ROCHESTER-MONROE ANTI-POVERTY INITIATVE RELEASES PROGRESS REPORT Findings point to community-wide,
More informationLATINOS IN CALIFORNIA, TEXAS, NEW YORK, FLORIDA AND NEW JERSEY
S U R V E Y B R I E F LATINOS IN CALIFORNIA, TEXAS, NEW YORK, FLORIDA AND NEW JERSEY March 2004 ABOUT THE 2002 NATIONAL SURVEY OF LATINOS CHART 1 Chart 1: The U.S. Hispanic Population by State In the 2000
More informationIntegration Barriers
Integration Barriers: Perspectives from Refugee Youth In February 2016, 25 refugee youth gathered in Washington, DC to identify and discuss the biggest barriers they face adjusting to life in America.
More informationRacial Disparities in the Direct Care Workforce: Spotlight on Hispanic/Latino Workers
FEBRUARY 2018 RESEARCH BRIEF Racial Disparities in the Direct Care Workforce: Spotlight on Hispanic/Latino Workers BY STEPHEN CAMPBELL The second in a three-part series focusing on racial and ethnic disparities
More informationEquality Policy. Aims:
Equality Policy Policy Statement: Priory Community School is committed to eliminating discrimination and encouraging diversity within the School both in the workforce, pupils and the wider school community.
More informationIssue Brief Role of Latin Americans and Biracial People in America
Key Words: Issue Brief Role of Latin Americans and Biracial People in America Latino, Latin American, South American, Chicano, Migrant, Migrant Laborer, Non- Cuban Description: Latin Americans are an ethic
More informationRealities of Immigration: Heterogeneous Status Families in South Bend
I N S T I T U T E F O R L I Institute for Latino Studies S T U D E N T R E S E A R C H S E R I E S Volume 6 Issue 5 I N S I D E T H I S I S S U E: Focus and 1 Discourse with Mexican Immigration Realities
More informationEconomic and Social Council
United Nations Economic and Social Council Distr.: General 21 October 2016 English Original: Spanish E/C.12/CRI/CO/5 Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Concluding observations on the fifth
More informationAfrican Refugee Students. Yatta Kanu University of Manitoba
Fostering Educational Success for African Refugee Students Yatta Kanu University of Manitoba Research Problem 8,190 refugee immigrants between 1998 and 2005 Half were school aged population (0-24 years)
More informationIndex. G Gaertner, S.L., 3
A Act Affordable Care, 21 Chinese Exclusion of 1882, 35, 41 Civil Rights, 31 Displaced Persons, 45 Foreign Miners License, 34 Geary, 35 Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility, 45 Immigration
More informationRecommendation CM/Rec(2009)4 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on the education of Roma and Travellers in Europe
Recommendation CM/Rec(2009)4 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on the education of Roma and Travellers in Europe (Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 17 June 2009 at the 1061st meeting
More informationTitle: Families Reunite: Immigrant Family Reunification Parent Guide
Title: Families Reunite: Immigrant Family Reunification Parent Guide By: Fairfax County Public Schools Families Reunite:Immigrant Family Reunification Parent Guide. 2014. Fairfax County Public Schools.
More informationIntercultural Studies Spring Institute 2013 Current Practices and Trends in the Field of Diversity, Inclusion and Intercultural Communication
UBC Continuing Studies Centre for Intercultural Communication Intercultural Studies Spring Institute 2013 Current Practices and Trends in the Field of Diversity, Inclusion and Intercultural Communication
More informationRedefining America: Findings from the 2006 Latino National Survey
Redefining America: Findings from the 2006 Latino National Survey Luis R. Fraga Stanford University University of Washington John A. Garcia University of Arizona Rodney E. Hero University of Notre Dame
More informationUnit II Migration. Unit II Population and Migration 21
Unit II Migration 91. The type of migration in which a person chooses to migrate is called A) chain migration. B) step migration. C) forced migration. D) voluntary migration. E. channelized migration.
More informationAlthough terms like the Hispanic/Latino. Hispanic Panethnicity. by G. Cristina Mora
7 Photo by Asterio Tecson. RESEARCH Hispanic Panethnicity by G. Cristina Mora Hispanic Day Parade, Fifth Avenue, New York, 2010. Although terms like the Hispanic/Latino community, the Latino vote and Hispanic
More informationNewcomer and Receiving Communities Perspectives on Latino Immigrant Acculturation in Community B
Newcomer and Receiving Communities Perspectives on Latino Immigrant Acculturation in Community B Corinne B. Valdivia (PI), Lisa Y. Flores (Co-PI), Stephen C. Jeanetta (Co-PI), Alejandro Morales, Marvyn
More informationSECOND- GENERATION MIGRANT SOCIO- ECONOMIC OUTCOMES LITERATURE REVIEW by Tom Culley November 2015
SECOND- GENERATION MIGRANT SOCIO- ECONOMIC OUTCOMES LITERATURE REVIEW by Tom Culley November 2015 Australia is a country that has historically relied heavily upon migration as a means of both population
More informationSudanese Refugee Resettlement. In Syracuse, New York
Sudanese Refugee Resettlement In Syracuse, New York Lindsey Rieder 5/11/2007 Part I: The Research Context The Interfaith Works Center for New Americans (CNA) is conducting this research project within
More informationToussaint L Ouverture, Simon Bolivar, & Miguel Hidalgo
Toussaint L Ouverture, Simon Bolivar, & Miguel Hidalgo Spain conquered most of the lands in the Americas (while Portugal conquered Brazil0. It divided its empire into provinces. The two most important
More informationSons and Brothers November 24, 2014
Sons and Brothers November 24, 2014 What Is #SonsAndBrothers? California s future is in color. Young men and women of color are tomorrow s innovators and leaders. They are a source of strength, creativity,
More informationFAQ: Cultures in America
Question 1: What varieties of pathways into the United States were pursued by European immigrants? Answer: Northern and Western Europeans were similar to the dominant group in both racial and religious
More informationLyndon B. Johnson s signing of the Immigration Act of 1965 marked the shift in the
Kaoh 1 Immigration, Assimilation, and the Model Minority Myth By Christina Kaoh Lyndon B. Johnson s signing of the Immigration Act of 1965 marked the shift in the demographics of America. According to
More informationSocio-Economic Mobility Among Foreign-Born Latin American and Caribbean Nationalities in New York City,
Socio-Economic Mobility Among Foreign-Born Latin American and Caribbean Nationalities in New York City, 2000-2006 Center for Latin American, Caribbean & Latino Studies Graduate Center City University of
More informationDPH Mental Wellness and Resilience Among Older Immigrants and Refugees Evaluation Report from Boston University [June 2014]
DPH Mental Wellness and Resilience Among Older Immigrants and Refugees Evaluation Report from Boston University [June 2014] Prepared by: Bronwyn Keefe, MSW, Ph.D. Associate Director, CADER Kathy Kuhn,
More informationLATINO/A WEALTH AND LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES IN RURAL MIDWESTERN COMMUNITIES
1 st Quarter 2012 27(1) LATINO/A WEALTH AND LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES IN RURAL MIDWESTERN COMMUNITIES Corinne Valdivia, Stephen Jeanetta, Lisa Y. Flores, Alejandro Morales and Domingo Martinez JEL Classifications:
More informationThe Rising American Electorate
The Rising American Electorate Their Growing Numbers and Political Potential Celinda Lake and Joshua Ulibarri Lake Research Partners Washington, DC Berkeley, CA New York, NY LakeResearch.com 202.776.9066
More informationNeeds and Challenges for. Race/Ethnicity Data
Disaggregation of Data: Needs and Challenges for Collecting and Reporting Race/Ethnicity Data Suhaila Khan, MD PhD Marguerite Ro, DrPH August 20, 2009 Webinar Topics covered in webinar What is disaggregation
More informationThe. Opportunity. Survey. Understanding the Roots of Attitudes on Inequality
The Opportunity Survey Understanding the Roots of Attitudes on Inequality Nine in 10 Americans see discrimination against one or more groups in U.S. society as a serious problem, while far fewer say government
More informationPost migration trauma is a commonly under-looked but important risk factor of poor refugee mental health.
Post migration trauma is a commonly under-looked but important risk factor of poor refugee mental health. Skoll Global Challenge Team: REACH Khayla Almonte-Davila, Katie Mai, Fehintola Okunubi Simon Fraser
More informationIntroduction. Since we published our first book on educating immigrant students
Introduction Since we published our first book on educating immigrant students (Rong & Preissle, 1998), the United States has entered a new era of immigration, and the U.S. government, the general public,
More informationReminders. Please keep phones away. Make sure you are in your seat when the bell rings. Be respectful and listen when others are talking.
Reminders Please keep phones away Make sure you are in your seat when the bell rings Be respectful and listen when others are talking. Do Now What is Social Stratification? Social Stratification Dimensions
More informationThe United States & Latin America: After The Washington Consensus Dan Restrepo, Director, The Americas Program, Center for American Progress
The United States & Latin America: After The Washington Consensus Dan Restrepo, Director, The Americas Program, Center for American Progress Presentation at the Annual Progressive Forum, 2007 Meeting,
More informationHOMING INTERVIEW. with Anne Sigfrid Grønseth. Conducted by Aurora Massa in Stockholm on 16 August 2018
HOMING INTERVIEW with Anne Sigfrid Grønseth Conducted by Aurora Massa in Stockholm on 16 August 2018 Anne Sigfrid Grønseth is Professor in Social Anthropology at Lillehammer University College, Norway,
More informationPolitical Beliefs and Behaviors
Political Beliefs and Behaviors Political Beliefs and Behaviors; How did literacy tests, poll taxes, and the grandfather clauses effectively prevent newly freed slaves from voting? A literacy test was
More informationCREATING THE U.S. RACIAL ORDER DYNAMIC 3: IMMIGRATION
CREATING THE U.S. RACIAL ORDER DYNAMIC 3: IMMIGRATION CREATING THE U.S. RACIAL ORDER 1. Enslavement and Racial Domination 2. Conquest and Dispossession 3. Immigration and Racialized Incorporation IMMIGRATION
More informationMinnesota Transportation Museum
Minnesota Transportation Museum Minnesota Social Studies s Alignment Sixth Grade 38 1. Democratic government depends on informed and engaged citizens who exhibit civic skills and values, practice civic
More informationDATA PROFILES OF IMMIGRANTS IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
DATA PROFILES OF IMMIGRANTS IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA LATINO IMMIGRANTS Demographics Economic Opportunity Education Health Housing This is part of a data series on immigrants in the District of Columbia
More informationTransitions to Work for Racial, Ethnic, and Immigrant Groups
Transitions to Work for Racial, Ethnic, and Immigrant Groups Deborah Reed Christopher Jepsen Laura E. Hill Public Policy Institute of California Preliminary draft, comments welcome Draft date: March 1,
More informationEMPLOYMENT APPLICATION
EMPLOYMENT APPLICATION Thank you for your interest in a position with the Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority (NFTA), or its wholly owned subsidiary, Niagara Frontier Transit Metro System, Inc. (
More informationTransnational Ties of Latino and Asian Americans by Immigrant Generation. Emi Tamaki University of Washington
Transnational Ties of Latino and Asian Americans by Immigrant Generation Emi Tamaki University of Washington Abstract Sociological studies on assimilation have often shown the increased level of immigrant
More informationUnited Nations Cards
These are cards that I used for my last refugee camp. If you want to go with this idea, I can easily adjust to make them relevant to the countries that you want to focus on. Susan United Nations Cards
More information1. Reasons for Somalis Migration
Excerpt from unpublished dissertation by Nahla Abdullah Al-Huraibi (2009). Islam, Gender and Integration in Transnational / Heterolocalist Contexts: A Case Study of Somali Immigrant Families in Columbus,
More informationKey Issue 1: Where Are Migrants Distributed?
Key Issue 1: Where Are Migrants Distributed? Pages78-83 1. Define immigration: 2. Define emigration: 3. Using figure 3-1, briefly state what one would expect to occur, in terms of migration, in each stage
More informationASSIMILATION AND LANGUAGE
S U R V E Y B R I E F ASSIMILATION AND LANGUAGE March 004 ABOUT THE 00 NATIONAL SURVEY OF LATINOS In the 000 Census, some 5,06,000 people living in the United States identifi ed themselves as Hispanic/Latino.
More informationOxfam Education
Background notes on inequality for teachers Oxfam Education What do we mean by inequality? In this resource inequality refers to wide differences in a population in terms of their wealth, their income
More informationThe Cultural Landscape Eleventh Edition
Chapter 3 Lecture The Cultural Landscape Eleventh Edition Migration Matthew Cartlidge University of Nebraska-Lincoln Key Issues Where are migrants distributed? Where do people migrate within a country?
More informationCHAPTER THREE. Key Issue One: Why do people migrate?
CHAPTER THREE Key Issue One: Why do people migrate? Migration Humans have spread across the earth during the past 7,000 years, mainly as a result of migration. What is migration? A permanent move to a
More informationKentucky Refugee Ministries, Louisville Citizenship Coordinator (part-time, 25 hours per week)
Kentucky Refugee Ministries, Louisville Citizenship Coordinator (part-time, 25 hours per week) Summary KRM enrolls over 300 students per year in Citizenship Preparation classes. Students learn about U.S.
More informationIMMIGRANT IDENTITY: MIND AND MOTIVATIONS OF FOREIGN-BORN STUDENTS. Usha Tummala-Narra, Ph.D. Lynch School of Education Boston College
IMMIGRANT IDENTITY: MIND AND MOTIVATIONS OF FOREIGN-BORN STUDENTS Usha Tummala-Narra, Ph.D. Lynch School of Education Boston College Historical Overview 38.5 million foreign-born individuals in U.S. U.S.
More informationMexicans in New York City, 2007: An Update
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Center for Latin American, Caribbean, and Latino Studies Centers & Institutes 12-2008 Mexicans in New York City, 2007: An Update Laird Bergad Center
More informationUnderstanding Racial Inequity in Alachua County
Understanding Racial Inequity in Alachua County (January, 2018) Hector H. Sandoval (BEBR) Department of Economics College of Liberal Arts and Sciences University of Florida Understanding Racial Inequity
More informationThe Impact of Age in the Acculturation of Latin American Immigrants to the U.S.
Northern Virginia Community College Psychology 211 Research Methodology for the Behavioral Sciences Prof. Rosalyn King April 2015 The Impact of Age in the Acculturation of Latin American Immigrants to
More informationInformal Sector and Youth
Youth and the informal sector represent two constituencies with tremendous potential to contribute as citizens, entrepreneurs, and leaders. They require access to opportunity; and to obtain opportunities,
More informationWS/FCS Unit Planning Organizer
WS/FCS Unit Planning Organizer Subject(s) Social Studies Conceptual Lenses Grade/Course American History 1 Expansion Unit of Study Unit 5: Westward Expansion (3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.4, 7.3, 8.2, 8.3) Migration
More informationAttitudes toward Immigration: Findings from the Chicago- Area Survey
Vol. 3, Vol. No. 4, 4, No. December 5, June 2006 2007 A series of policy and research briefs from the Institute for Latino Studies at the University of Notre Dame About the Researchers Roger Knight holds
More informationKey note address. Violence and discrimination against the girl child: General introduction
A parliamentary perspective on discrimination and violence against the girl child New York, 1 March 2007 A parliamentary event organized by the Inter-Parliamentary Union and the United Nations Division
More informationRunning Head: POLICY MAKING PROCESS. The Policy Making Process: A Critical Review Mary B. Pennock PAPA 6214 Final Paper
Running Head: POLICY MAKING PROCESS The Policy Making Process: A Critical Review Mary B. Pennock PAPA 6214 Final Paper POLICY MAKING PROCESS 2 In The Policy Making Process, Charles Lindblom and Edward
More informationPresentation to the American Psychological Association New Orleans, LA 2006
Presentation to the American Psychological Association New Orleans, LA 2006 THIRD CULTURE KIDS: CHALLENGE TO TRADITIONAL ACCULTURATION PARADIGSS Ann Baker Cottrell Sociology Department, San Diego State
More informationAddressing the situation and aspirations of youth
Global Commission on THE FUTURE OF WORK issue brief Prepared for the 2nd Meeting of the Global Commission on the Future of Work 15 17 February 2018 Cluster 1: The role of work for individuals and society
More informationWorld War II Home Front
World War II Home Front 1941-1945 JAPANESE AMERICANS 100k First and Second generation Japanese Americans were placed in concentration camps Rooted in anti Japanese propaganda Japanese were labeled a security
More informationAPPLICATION FOR CERTIFICATED SUBSTITUTE EMPLOYMENT
APPLICATION FOR CERTIFICATED SUBSTITUTE EMPLOYMENT Date: 1. Name: Last First Middle Current Address: Home Telephone: ( ) - Cell Phone: ( ) - E-Mail: Social Security No.: - - Former Name(s) by which records
More informationConclusions. Conference on Children of Immigrants in New Places of Settlement. American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Cambridge, April 19-21, 2017
Conclusions Conference on Children of Immigrants in New Places of Settlement American Academy of Arts and Sciences Cambridge, April 19-21, 2017 by Alejandro Portes Princeton University and University of
More informationHaitian Immigrants in Rural Maryland: Experiences of Life and Health
Global Africana Review Vol. 1, Issue 1, Spring 2017 : Experiences of Life and Health Emily C. Sheffield University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ABSTRACT Despite expanding populations of immigrants
More informationLATINOS IN MISSOURI. Occasional Paper Series Department of Rural Sociology University of Missouri-Columbia
LATINOS IN MISSOURI Occasional Paper Series Department of Rural Sociology University of Missouri-Columbia Exploring Double Consciousness Within the Hispanic Male Community Latinos in Missouri Occasional
More informationGrade 5. Unit Overview. Contents. Bamboo Shoots 3. Introduction 5
Grade 5 Unit Overview Contents Bamboo Shoots 3 Introduction 5 Acknowledgements & Copyright 2015 Province of British Columbia This resource was developed for the Ministry of International Trade and Minister
More informationSOCIOLOGY (SOC) Explanation of Course Numbers
SOCIOLOGY (SOC) Explanation of Course Numbers Courses in the 1000s are primarily introductory undergraduate courses Those in the 2000s to 4000s are upper-division undergraduate courses that can also be
More informationCambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education 0495 Sociology November 2009 Principal Examiner Report for Teachers
SOCIOLOGY Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education www.xtremepapers.com Paper 0495/01 Paper 1 General comments Candidates appeared well prepared for the examination and there
More informationTHE ROLE OF INFORMATION PROCESSING SKILLS IN DETERMINING THE GENDER AND LINGUISTIC WAGE GAP IN ESTONIA
4 th Thematic Report THE ROLE OF INFORMATION PROCESSING SKILLS AND LINGUISTIC WAGE GAP IN ESTONIA Vivika Halapuu Based on data from the PIAAC study, several overviews have been compiled regarding the relationships
More informationHome Culture History Issues Links Viet Nam Contact Forum Jobs
Home Culture History Issues Links Viet Nam Contact Forum Jobs Articles in This Section Behind the Headlines: APA News Blog Socioeconomic Statistics & Demographics The Model Minority Image Interracial Dating
More information1. Why Should We Care? Dangers/Understanding Best Practices Student Resources/Regis Contacts...14
1 1. Why Should We Care?...3 a. Jesuit Mission....3 2. Dangers/Understanding......5 a. Terms......5 b. Myths vs Stats...7 3. Best Practices...10 a. Creating a Welcoming Environment...10 b. Discussing Sensitive
More informationCreating safe and welcoming environments for immigrant children and families. Julie M. Koch, Lauren Gin, and Douglas Knutson
Creating safe and welcoming environments for immigrant children and families Julie M. Koch, Lauren Gin, and Douglas Knutson Currently, there are approximately 316 million residents in the United States,
More informationIssue Brief: Immigration and Socioeconomic Status
Elliot Shackelford des2145 Race and Ethnicity in American Politics Issue Brief Final Draft November 30, 2010 Issue Brief: Immigration and Socioeconomic Status Key Words Assimilation, Economic Opportunity,
More information4. Briefly describe role of each of the following in examining intervening obstacles and migration: a) physical geography
Ch. 3: Migration Key Issue 1 Why Do People Migrate? Rubenstein, pp. 78 85 REASONS FOR MIGRATING 1. What are push factors and pull factors? 2. Complete the table below with specific examples of push and
More informationThe Latino Population of New York City, 2008
The Latino Population of New York City, 2008 Center for Latin American, Caribbean & Latino Studies Graduate Center City University of New York 365 Fifth Avenue Room 5419 New York, New York 10016 Laird
More information[MSBA REPORT & RECOMMENDATION ON DEMOGRAPHIC DATA COLLECTION]
2014 Minnesota State Bar Association Self-identification Subcommittee of the MSBA Council Copyright 2014 by the Minnesota State Bar Association (MSBA). All rights reserved. No part of this document may
More informationNATIONAL TRAVELLER WOMENS FORUM
G e n d e r Po s i t i o n Pa p e r NATIONAL TRAVELLER WOMENS FORUM Gender Issues in the Traveller Community The National Traveller Women s Forum (NTWF) is the national network of Traveller women and Traveller
More informationCopyright 2008 Center for Christian Ethics at Baylor University 63. I Was a Stranger: Jesus and the Undocumented Immigrant
Copyright 2008 Center for Christian Ethics at Baylor University 63 I Was a Stranger: Jesus and the Undocumented Immigrant B y A l b e r t L. R e y e s From a Kingdom perspective, what does it mean that
More informationRecommendations regarding the Proposal for a Council Framework Decision on Combating Trafficking in Human Beings
Recommendations regarding the Proposal for a Council Framework Decision on Combating Trafficking in Human Beings Submitted by Women s Rights Division, Human Rights Watch Trafficking in persons is a grave
More information