Violent Conflict and Inequality
|
|
- Emma Mariah Green
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Violent Conflict and Inequality work in progress Cagatay Bircan University of Michigan Tilman Brück DIW Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin, IZA and Households in Conflict Network Marc Vothknecht DIW Berlin and Humboldt University Berlin IZA/World Bank Conference Bonn, May 4,
2 Overview 1. Introduction 2. On the Determinants of Inequality 3. On the Impact of Violent Conflict on Inequality 4. Data 5. Estimation Strategy 6. Results descriptive statistics econometric results 7. Summary and Policy Implications 2
3 Introduction Aim of our paper to investigate how mass violent conflict affects income inequality using cross-country panel data Innovations of our approach fill in gaps in our understanding of conflict-inequality nexus study reverse causality from conflict to inequality (conflict cycle) refine previous studies by using different variables better datasets improved techniques 3
4 Global Trends of Inequality 60 Adj. Gini Latin America Africa Asia Eastern Europe OECD s 1970s 1980s 1990s Early 2000s Significant cross-country variation Little variation of inequality within countries over time important role of structural, i.e. slowly changing, factors 4
5 Determinants of Inequality - 1 Level of income / economic growth Kuznets Hypothesis (1955): inverted U-shaped curve support: Barro (2000), Higgins/Williamson (1999), Milanovic (1994) critique: Atkinson (1997), Deininger/Squire (1996), Li/Squire/Zou (1998) possibly due to unequal middle-income countries in Latin America Deininger/Squire (1998) Political economy argument rich minority implements inequality enhancing economic policy Bertola (1993) constrained by civil liberties and higher levels of education Li/Squire/Zou (1998) government transfers are a related determinant of inequality Bulir (2001), Milanovic (1994) 5
6 Determinants of Inequality - 2 Capital markets argument Investments constrained by access to credit, especially for the poor Tsiddon (1992) depends on the initial distribution of assets (especially land) Deininger/Olinto (1998), Deininger/Squire (1998) and on the level of financial development Beck/Demirguc-Kunt/Levine (2004), Li/Squire/Zou (1998) Openness to trade impact of trade on inequality depends on factor endowments but empirical evidence is mixed Anderson (2005), Milanovic/Squire (2005), Barro (2000) History and geography e.g. colonization impacts on inequality Acemoglu/Johnson/Robinson (2000), Barro (2000) hence use country fixed effects 6
7 Impact of War on Inequality Indirect Impact through changes in structural determinants Growth (destruction of human, physical and financial assets) Civil liberties and social spending Education Pure War Impact Heightened insecurity and weaker market structures Distortion of prices War entrepreneurs are likely to benefit In general Systematic regional and sectoral patterns are likely Duration of war may be relevant Either effect could persist into the post-war period 7
8 Inequality Data UNU-WIDER World Income Inequality Database (WIID) v. 2.0b 5,000 Gini coefficients from a total of 156 countries we use annual observations for 128 countries for maximise countries and years annual observations adjusted for comparability based on a regression approach, with 60 % of our data of high quality with multiple income Ginis, we employ a selection rule manual check whether the Gini covers the conflict regions This is best possible data source for inequality data 8
9 Conflict Data UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset Codebook, Gleditsch et al (2002) Annual observations being at war = 1,000+ battle deaths in at least one year being indirectly affected by war = country at war, but conflict areas are not covered by the Gini coefficient post-conflict incidence = 1 if last war less than ten years ago post-conflict duration = time passed since the last war in years 9
10 Estimation Strategy 1) Pooled OLS this is in line with most of the empirical inequality literature Gini it = W it α + X it β + ε it assume independent and identically distributed errors ε likely to be biased due to omitted factors (country characteristics)! 2) Fixed effects model to control for time-constant unobservables country-fixed effects allows us to capture a substantial proportion of cross-country differences in inequality focus on within-country variations for the effect of violent conflict 10
11 Potential Econometric Problems 1) Endogeneity: reverse causality from inequality to conflict? distinction between vertical and horizontal inequality cross-country studies consistently found that vertical income inequality does not increase the risk of violent conflict (Collier and Hoeffler 2004; Fearon and Laitin 2003; Sambanis 2005) 2) Selectivity bias sample selection bias if the observed Ginis are chosen non-randomly there are, in fact, relatively fewer Ginis in war-affected countries hence apply Heckman two-stage procedure Probit model on the observability of Gini coefficients inclusion of the IMR from this estimation in the primary model 11
12 Results I. Descriptive Statistics Inequality in Different Phases of War Gini (adjusted) Mean (S.E.) Obs. No War (War is >5 years away) (0.29) 1603 Pre-War (5 years) (1.27) 71 At War (0.73) 116 Early Post-War (5 years) (1.04) 64 Late Post-War (5-10 years) (1.28) 51 12
13 Results I. Descriptive Statistics (II) Within-Country Variations A) Beginning of War Deviation from Within-Country Mean Pre-War War Within-Country Mean No pre-war increase in inequality No endogeneity Inequality increases in the course of war Phases of War Onset (years) Median of Deviation Median of Deviation (Mov. Average) 13
14 Results I. Descriptive Statistics (II) Within-Country Variations B) Transmission from War to Peace Deviation from Within-Country Mean End of War Within-Country Mean Post-Conflict Phases (years) Significant average increase in inequality in the early post-war period Decreasing trend in the late recovery phase Median of Deviation Median of Deviation (Mov. Average) 14
15 Results II. FE Regression Results Dep. Var.: Gini Coefficient (Adj.) Base Regressions + War Duration War Incidence 1.63* (0.98) War Incidence Indirect (1.50) (1.49) Post-Conflict Incidence (10 yrs) 2.13** (0.93) 2.44*** (0.94) War Incidence: Short War 1.09 (1.11) War Incidence: Long War 2.33** (1.14) GDP p.c *** (0.05) -0.33*** (0.05) Gov. Share of Real GDI -0.29*** (0.05) -0.26*** (0.06) Trade/GDP -0.03** (0.01) -0.03** (0.01) IA Trade & Developing Country 0.07*** (0.02) 0.07*** (0.02) IMR (0.59) (0.59) Constant (1.70) (1.73) Decade Dummies Included Yes Yes Observations R-squared No. of Groups (Av. Obs. per Group) 128 (11.76) 128 (11.76) Inequality rises during violent conflict and especially in the postwar Inequality periodrises significantly during longer wars Control variables show the expected signs 15
16 Results II. FE Regression Results - 2 Dep. Var.: Gini Coefficient (Adj.) Post-Conflict Period War Incidence 1.74* (0.99) 1.56* (0.94) War Incidence Indirect (1.50) (1.48) Early Post-Conflict Phase (< 5 yrs) Late Post-Conflict Phase (5-10 yrs) 2.77** (1.08) 1.53 (0.95) Post-Conflict Duration (in years) 1.21*** (0.44) Post-Conflict Duration Squared -0.12*** (0.05) GDP p.c *** (0.05) -0.29*** (0.05) Gov. Share of Real GDI -0.29*** (0.06) -0.29*** (0.06) Trade/GDP -0.03** (0.01) -0.03** (0.01) IA Trade & Developing Country 0.07*** (0.02) 0.07*** (0.02) IMR (0.59) (0.59) Constant 50.26*** (1.62) 50.31*** (1.61) Decade Dummies Included Yes Yes Observations R-squared No. of Groups (Av. Obs. per Group) 128 (11.76) 128 (11.76) Highest increase in inequality in the period of early recovery Inverted-U Relationship 16
17 Results III. Robustness Checks War Variables War Incidence (Gini covers conflict regions) Post-Conflict: Early Recovery Post-Conflict: Late Recovery Post-Conflict Duration Post-Conflict Duration Squared Base Specification OLS Developing Countries M2/GDP & Inflation Included 25+ Battle Deaths Threshold 1.63* 3.29*** 2.59* (0.98) (0.86) (1.32) (1.06) (0.75) 2.77** 3.76*** * 1.59** (1.08) (1.13) (1.58) (1.12) (0.68) (0.95) (1.05) (1.35) (1.04) (0.63) 1.21*** 1.23** 1.18** 0.96** 0.83*** (0.44) (0.53) (0.59) (0.46) (0.28) -0.12*** -0.14** -0.12** -0.10** -0.09*** (0.05) (0.06) (0.06) (0.05) (0.03) Observations Intertemporal Kuznets curve in post-war period confirmed OLS in line with FE results 17
18 Summary and Policy Implications Violent conflict has an inequality-increasing effect rising inequality especially during long wars and in the early postconflict period highest five years after the end of a conflict (3.0 Gini points) Impact not permanent, but temporary decreasing inequality in the course of post-war reconstruction effectively, the post-war period lasts 10 years Focus on effects of war on structural factors rebuilding of security and infrastructure revival of business activities and markets 18
19 Thank you for your attention! 19
H i C N Households in Conflict Network
H i C N Households in Conflict Network The Institute of Development Studies - at the University of Sussex - Falmer - Brighton - BN1 9RE www.hicn.org Violent Conflict and Inequality Cagatay Bircan *, Tilman
More informationFigure 2: Proportion of countries with an active civil war or civil conflict,
Figure 2: Proportion of countries with an active civil war or civil conflict, 1960-2006 Sources: Data based on UCDP/PRIO armed conflict database (N. P. Gleditsch et al., 2002; Harbom & Wallensteen, 2007).
More informationDifferences Lead to Differences: Diversity and Income Inequality Across Countries
Illinois State University ISU ReD: Research and edata Master's Theses - Economics Economics 6-2008 Differences Lead to Differences: Diversity and Income Inequality Across Countries Michael Hotard Illinois
More informationCorruption, Political Instability and Firm-Level Export Decisions. Kul Kapri 1 Rowan University. August 2018
Corruption, Political Instability and Firm-Level Export Decisions Kul Kapri 1 Rowan University August 2018 Abstract In this paper I use South Asian firm-level data to examine whether the impact of corruption
More informationThe interaction effect of economic freedom and democracy on corruption: A panel cross-country analysis
The interaction effect of economic freedom and democracy on corruption: A panel cross-country analysis Author Saha, Shrabani, Gounder, Rukmani, Su, Jen-Je Published 2009 Journal Title Economics Letters
More informationRemittances and the Brain Drain: Evidence from Microdata for Sub-Saharan Africa
Remittances and the Brain Drain: Evidence from Microdata for Sub-Saharan Africa Julia Bredtmann 1, Fernanda Martinez Flores 1,2, and Sebastian Otten 1,2,3 1 RWI, Rheinisch-Westfälisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
More informationNatural Resources & Income Inequality: The Role of Ethnic Divisions
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS OxCarre (Oxford Centre for the Analysis of Resource Rich Economies) Manor Road Building, Manor Road, Oxford OX1 3UQ Tel: +44(0)1865 281281 Fax: +44(0)1865 281163 reception@economics.ox.ac.uk
More informationIs Corruption Anti Labor?
Is Corruption Anti Labor? Suryadipta Roy Lawrence University Department of Economics PO Box- 599, Appleton, WI- 54911. Abstract This paper investigates the effect of corruption on trade openness in low-income
More informationRemittances and Taxation in Developing Countries
Remittances and Taxation in Developing Countries Biniam Bedasso Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University July 2017 Biniam Bedasso (Princeton) Remittances & Taxation - UNU-WIDER 07/2017 1 / 1 Introduction
More informationRewriting the Rules of the Market Economy to Achieve Shared Prosperity. Joseph E. Stiglitz New York June 2016
Rewriting the Rules of the Market Economy to Achieve Shared Prosperity Joseph E. Stiglitz New York June 2016 Enormous growth in inequality Especially in US, and countries that have followed US model Multiple
More informationH i C N Households in Conflict Network
H i C N Households in Conflict Network The Institute of Development Studies - at the University of Sussex - Falmer - Brighton - BN1 9RE www.hicn.org Identifying Conflict and its Effects Using Micro-Level
More informationEthnic minority poverty and disadvantage in the UK
Ethnic minority poverty and disadvantage in the UK Lucinda Platt Institute for Social & Economic Research University of Essex Institut d Anàlisi Econòmica, CSIC, Barcelona 2 Focus on child poverty Scope
More informationHandle with care: Is foreign aid less effective in fragile states?
Handle with care: Is foreign aid less effective in fragile states? Ines A. Ferreira School of International Development, University of East Anglia (UEA) ines.afonso.rferreira@gmail.com Overview Motivation
More informationCHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEWS
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEWS The relationship between efficiency and income equality is an old topic, but Lewis (1954) and Kuznets (1955) was the earlier literature that systemically discussed income inequality
More informationIncome Inequality and Trade Protection
Income Inequality and Trade Protection Does the Sector Matter? Amanda Bjurling August 2015 Master s Programme in Economics Supervisor: Joakim Gullstrand Abstract According to traditional trade theory,
More informationWorking Papers in Economics
University of Innsbruck Working Papers in Economics Foreign Direct Investment and European Integration in the 90 s Peter Egger and Michael Pfaffermayr 2002/2 Institute of Economic Theory, Economic Policy
More informationHealth Outcomes of Children in Northern Uganda: Does Current IDP Status Matter?
Health Outcomes of Children in Northern Uganda: Does Current IDP Status Matter? Carlos Bozzoli and Tilman Brück Work in progress Bonn, 4 May 2009 Overview Motivation Literature Methodological approach
More informationHorizontal Educational Inequalities and Civil Conflict: The Nexus of Ethnicity, Inequality, and Violent Conflict
Undergraduate Economic Review Volume 8 Issue 1 Article 10 2012 Horizontal Educational Inequalities and Civil Conflict: The Nexus of Ethnicity, Inequality, and Violent Conflict Katharine M. Lindquist Carleton
More informationOpenness and Internal Conflict. Christopher S. P. Magee Department of Economics Bucknell University Lewisburg, PA
Openness and Internal Conflict Christopher S. P. Magee Department of Economics Bucknell University Lewisburg, PA 17837 cmagee@bucknell.edu Tansa George Massoud Department of Political Science Bucknell
More informationSupplementary Material for Preventing Civil War: How the potential for international intervention can deter conflict onset.
Supplementary Material for Preventing Civil War: How the potential for international intervention can deter conflict onset. World Politics, vol. 68, no. 2, April 2016.* David E. Cunningham University of
More informationThe effect of a generous welfare state on immigration in OECD countries
The effect of a generous welfare state on immigration in OECD countries Ingvild Røstøen Ruen Master s Thesis in Economics Department of Economics UNIVERSITY OF OSLO May 2017 II The effect of a generous
More informationIncome inequality, Redistribution, and Democracy
Income inequality, Redistribution, and Democracy Linda de Jongh Supervisor: Prof. K. Thomsson Many economists, and more generally institutions are concerned with the development of poor countries. Not
More informationThe Panel Data Analysis of Female Labor Participation and Economic Development Relationship in Developed and Developing Countries
The Panel Data Analysis of Female Labor Participation and Economic Development Relationship in Developed and Developing Countries Murat Belke Department of Economics, FEAS Mehmet Akif Ersoy University,
More informationGender preference and age at arrival among Asian immigrant women to the US
Gender preference and age at arrival among Asian immigrant women to the US Ben Ost a and Eva Dziadula b a Department of Economics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 601 South Morgan UH718 M/C144 Chicago,
More informationIs the Great Gatsby Curve Robust?
Comment on Corak (2013) Bradley J. Setzler 1 Presented to Economics 350 Department of Economics University of Chicago setzler@uchicago.edu January 15, 2014 1 Thanks to James Heckman for many helpful comments.
More informationEdexcel (A) Economics A-level
Edexcel (A) Economics A-level Theme 4: A Global Perspective 4.2 Poverty and Inequality 4.2.2 Inequality Notes Distinction between wealth and income inequality Wealth is defined as a stock of assets, such
More informationBeing a Good Samaritan or just a politician? Empirical evidence of disaster assistance. Jeroen Klomp
Being a Good Samaritan or just a politician? Empirical evidence of disaster assistance Jeroen Klomp Netherlands Defence Academy & Wageningen University and Research The Netherlands Introduction Since 1970
More informationWhat Can We Learn about Financial Access from U.S. Immigrants?
What Can We Learn about Financial Access from U.S. Immigrants? Una Okonkwo Osili Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis Anna Paulson Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago *These are the views of the
More informationPolitical Decentralization and Legitimacy: Cross-Country Analysis of the Probable Influence
Political Decentralization and Legitimacy: Cross-Country Analysis of the Probable Influence Olga Gasparyan National Research University Higher School of Economics April 6, 2014 Key aspects of the research
More informationQuantitative Analysis of Migration and Development in South Asia
87 Quantitative Analysis of Migration and Development in South Asia Teppei NAGAI and Sho SAKUMA Tokyo University of Foreign Studies 1. Introduction Asia is a region of high emigrant. In 2010, 5 of the
More informationImmigration and Internal Mobility in Canada Appendices A and B. Appendix A: Two-step Instrumentation strategy: Procedure and detailed results
Immigration and Internal Mobility in Canada Appendices A and B by Michel Beine and Serge Coulombe This version: February 2016 Appendix A: Two-step Instrumentation strategy: Procedure and detailed results
More informationOnline Supplement to Female Participation and Civil War Relapse
Online Supplement to Female Participation and Civil War Relapse [Author Information Omitted for Review Purposes] June 6, 2014 1 Table 1: Two-way Correlations Among Right-Side Variables (Pearson s ρ) Lit.
More informationREMITTANCES, POVERTY AND INEQUALITY
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 127 Volume 34, Number 1, June 2009 REMITTANCES, POVERTY AND INEQUALITY LUIS SAN VICENTE PORTES * Montclair State University This paper explores the effect of remittances
More informationAQA Economics A-level
AQA Economics A-level Microeconomics Topic 7: Distribution of Income and Wealth, Poverty and Inequality 7.1 The distribution of income and wealth Notes Distinction between wealth and income inequality
More informationECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF WAR: EVIDENCE FROM FIRM-LEVEL PANEL DATA
ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF WAR: EVIDENCE FROM FIRM-LEVEL PANEL DATA Micheline Goedhuys Eleonora Nillesen Marina Tkalec September 25, 2018 Goedhuys et al., 2018 SmartEIZ Conference September 25, 2018 1 /
More informationIndustrial & Labor Relations Review
Industrial & Labor Relations Review Volume 60, Issue 3 2007 Article 5 Labor Market Institutions and Wage Inequality Winfried Koeniger Marco Leonardi Luca Nunziata IZA, University of Bonn, University of
More informationDISCUSSION PAPERS IN ECONOMICS
DISCUSSION PAPERS IN ECONOMICS No. 2009/4 ISSN 1478-9396 IS THERE A TRADE-OFF BETWEEN INCOME INEQUALITY AND CORRUPTION? EVIDENCE FROM LATIN AMERICA Stephen DOBSON and Carlyn RAMLOGAN June 2009 DISCUSSION
More informationDoes horizontal education inequality lead to violent conflict?
Does horizontal education inequality lead to violent conflict? A GLOBAL ANALYSIS FHI 360 EDUCATION POLICY AND DATA CENTER United Nations Children s Fund Peacebuilding Education and Advocacy Programme Education
More informationHuman Capital and Income Inequality: New Facts and Some Explanations
Human Capital and Income Inequality: New Facts and Some Explanations Amparo Castelló and Rafael Doménech 2016 Annual Meeting of the European Economic Association Geneva, August 24, 2016 1/1 Introduction
More informationADBI Working Paper Series HUMAN CAPITAL AND INCOME INEQUALITY. Jong-Wha Lee and Hanol Lee. No. 810 February Asian Development Bank Institute
ADBI Working Paper Series HUMAN CAPITAL AND INCOME INEQUALITY Jong-Wha Lee and Hanol Lee No. 810 February 2018 Asian Development Bank Institute Jong-Wha Lee is a professor of economics and director of
More informationTowards an explanation of inequality in pre-modern societies: the role of colonies, urbanization and high population density
Towards an explanation of inequality in pre-modern societies: the role of colonies, urbanization and high population density Branko Milanovic Groningen, 28 June 2017 Limited knowledge of pre-industrial
More informationTITLE: AUTHORS: MARTIN GUZI (SUBMITTER), ZHONG ZHAO, KLAUS F. ZIMMERMANN KEYWORDS: SOCIAL NETWORKS, WAGE, MIGRANTS, CHINA
TITLE: SOCIAL NETWORKS AND THE LABOUR MARKET OUTCOMES OF RURAL TO URBAN MIGRANTS IN CHINA AUTHORS: CORRADO GIULIETTI, MARTIN GUZI (SUBMITTER), ZHONG ZHAO, KLAUS F. ZIMMERMANN KEYWORDS: SOCIAL NETWORKS,
More informationPatterns of Conflicts and Effectiveness of Aid
Patterns of Conflicts and Effectiveness of Aid Arcangelo Dimico * Queen s University of Belfast This Version: 13/05/2012 Abstract The effect of aid on civil war is one of the most debated in economics.
More informationHousehold Inequality and Remittances in Rural Thailand: A Lifecycle Perspective
Household Inequality and Remittances in Rural Thailand: A Lifecycle Perspective Richard Disney*, Andy McKay + & C. Rashaad Shabab + *Institute of Fiscal Studies, University of Sussex and University College,
More informationCERDI, Etudes et Documents, E
Document de travail de la série Etudes et Documents E 2007.10 TRADE AND WAGE INEQUALITY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: SOUTH-SOUTH TRADE MATTER Julien Gourdon CERDI - UMR CNRS 6587 - Université Clermont 1 53
More informationThe Colonial Origins of Civil War
The Colonial Origins of Civil War Simeon Djankov The World Bank and CEPR Marta Reynal-Querol 1 Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CEPR, and CESifo March 2007 (Very preliminary and incomplete. Do not quote, circulate
More informationDemocracy and government spending
MPRA Munich Personal RePEc Archive Democracy and government Pavlos Balamatsias 6 March 2018 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/86905/ MPRA Paper No. 86905, posted 23 May 2018 19:21 UTC Democracy
More informationEU enlargement and the race to the bottom of welfare states
Skupnik IZA Journal of Migration 2014, 3:15 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access EU enlargement and the race to the bottom of welfare states Christoph Skupnik Correspondence: christoph.skupnik@fu-berlin.de School
More informationDoes Inequality Matter for Poverty Reduction? Evidence from Pakistan s Poverty Trends
The Pakistan Development Review 45 : 3 (Autumn 2006) pp. 439 459 Does Inequality Matter for Poverty Reduction? Evidence from Pakistan s Poverty Trends HAROON JAMAL * The paper explores the linkages between
More informationWIDER Working Paper 2017/30. Regime type, inequality, and redistributive transfers in developing countries. Marina Dodlova 1 and Anna Giolbas 2
WIDER Working Paper 2017/30 Regime type, inequality, and redistributive transfers in developing countries Marina Dodlova 1 and Anna Giolbas 2 February 2017 Abstract: The debate on whether democracy and
More informationComments on Ansell & Samuels, Inequality & Democracy: A Contractarian Approach. Victor Menaldo University of Washington October 2012
Comments on Ansell & Samuels, Inequality & Democracy: A Contractarian Approach Victor Menaldo University of Washington October 2012 There s a lot to like here Robustness to Dependent Variable (Regime Type)
More informationEnglish Deficiency and the Native-Immigrant Wage Gap
DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 7019 English Deficiency and the Native-Immigrant Wage Gap Alfonso Miranda Yu Zhu November 2012 Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit Institute for the Study of Labor
More informationAbstract. research studies the impacts of four factors on inequality income level, emigration,
Abstract Using a panel data of China that covers the time period from 1997 to 2011, this research studies the impacts of four factors on inequality income level, emigration, public spending on education,
More informationThe Economic and Political Effects of Black Outmigration from the US South. October, 2017
The Economic and Political Effects of Black Outmigration from the US South Leah Boustan 1 Princeton University and NBER Marco Tabellini 2 MIT October, 2017 Between 1940 and 1970, the US South lost more
More informationIncome inequality and crime: the case of Sweden #
Income inequality and crime: the case of Sweden # by Anna Nilsson 5 May 2004 Abstract The degree of income inequality in Sweden has varied substantially since the 1970s. This study analyzes whether this
More informationNetwork effects in Hungarian internal migration
Network effects in Hungarian internal migration Annual Meeting of the Hungarian Regional Science Association, Kecskemét, 2018.10.18 Brigitta Németh, László Lőrincz Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Centre
More informationARTNeT Trade Economists Conference Trade in the Asian century - delivering on the promise of economic prosperity rd September 2014
ASIA-PACIFIC RESEARCH AND TRAINING NETWORK ON TRADE ARTNeT CONFERENCE ARTNeT Trade Economists Conference Trade in the Asian century - delivering on the promise of economic prosperity 22-23 rd September
More informationImpact of Globalization on Income Inequality in Selected Asian Countries
MPRA Munich Personal RePEc Archive Impact of Globalization on Income Inequality in Selected Asian Countries Mahnoor Bukhari and Kashif Munir University of Central Punjab 9 September 2016 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/74248/
More informationOutline: Poverty, Inequality, and Development
1 Poverty, Inequality, and Development Outline: Measurement of Poverty and Inequality Economic characteristics of poverty groups Why is inequality a problem? Relationship between growth and inequality
More informationREMITTANCES AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE PACIFIC: EFFECTS ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
REMITTANCES AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE PACIFIC: EFFECTS ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Richard P.C. Brown Richard P.C. Brown School of Economics The University of Queensland r.brown@economics.uq.edu.au Prepared for
More informationPoverty Reduction and Economic Growth: The Asian Experience Peter Warr
Poverty Reduction and Economic Growth: The Asian Experience Peter Warr Abstract. The Asian experience of poverty reduction has varied widely. Over recent decades the economies of East and Southeast Asia
More informationCorruption and business procedures: an empirical investigation
Corruption and business procedures: an empirical investigation S. Roy*, Department of Economics, High Point University, High Point, NC - 27262, USA. Email: sroy@highpoint.edu Abstract We implement OLS,
More informationDo We See Convergence in Institutions? A Cross- Country Analysis
InstituteforDevelopmentPolicyand Management(IDPM) Development Economics and Public Policy Working Paper Series WP No. 33/2012 Do We See Convergence in Institutions? A Cross- Country Analysis Antonio Savoia
More informationThe Causes of Civil War
The Causes of Civil War Simeon Djankov The World Bank and CEPR Marta Reynal-Querol 1 ICREA Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CEPR, and CESifo December 2010 (first version May 2007) Abstract We analyze the effect
More informationRemittances and Poverty. in Guatemala* Richard H. Adams, Jr. Development Research Group (DECRG) MSN MC World Bank.
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Remittances and Poverty in Guatemala* Richard H. Adams, Jr. Development Research Group
More informationWhat about the Women? Female Headship, Poverty and Vulnerability
What about the Women? Female Headship, Poverty and Vulnerability in Thailand and Vietnam Tobias Lechtenfeld with Stephan Klasen and Felix Povel 20-21 January 2011 OECD Conference, Paris Thailand and Vietnam
More informationDo Migrants Improve Governance at Home? Evidence from a Voting Experiment
Do Migrants Improve Governance at Home? Evidence from a Voting Experiment Catia Batista Trinity College Dublin and IZA Pedro C. Vicente Trinity College Dublin, CSAE-Oxford and BREAD Second International
More informationLegal Corruption. Daniel Kaufmann Pedro C. Vicente. Oxford University November 9, 2005
Legal Corruption Daniel Kaufmann Pedro C. Vicente Oxford University November 9, 2005 Conventional Definition of Corruption Abuse (usually taken as an illegal act) of public office (a public-sector centered
More informationFemale labour force participation around the world: trade-offs between preferences, gender norms, and socioeconomic constraints
Female labour force participation around the world: trade-offs between preferences, gender norms, and socioeconomic constraints Stefan Kühn and Sheena Yoon Research Department, International Labour Organization
More informationEnglish Deficiency and the Native-Immigrant Wage Gap in the UK
English Deficiency and the Native-Immigrant Wage Gap in the UK Alfonso Miranda a Yu Zhu b,* a Department of Quantitative Social Science, Institute of Education, University of London, UK. Email: A.Miranda@ioe.ac.uk.
More informationChina s (Uneven) Progress Against Poverty. Martin Ravallion and Shaohua Chen Development Research Group, World Bank
China s (Uneven) Progress Against Poverty Martin Ravallion and Shaohua Chen Development Research Group, World Bank 1 Around 1980 China had one of the highest poverty rates in the world We estimate that
More informationThe transition of corruption: From poverty to honesty
February 26 th 2009 Kiel and Aarhus The transition of corruption: From poverty to honesty Erich Gundlach a, *, Martin Paldam b,1 a Kiel Institute for the World Economy, P.O. Box 4309, 24100 Kiel, Germany
More informationthe notion that poverty causes terrorism. Certainly, economic theory suggests that it would be
he Nonlinear Relationship Between errorism and Poverty Byline: Poverty and errorism Walter Enders and Gary A. Hoover 1 he fact that most terrorist attacks are staged in low income countries seems to support
More informationLabor versus capital in trade-policy: The role of ideology and inequality
Journal of International Economics 69 (2006) 310 320 www.elsevier.com/locate/econbase Labor versus capital in trade-policy: The role of ideology and inequality Pushan Dutt a,1, Devashish Mitra b,c, * a
More informationUnderstanding Subjective Well-Being across Countries: Economic, Cultural and Institutional Factors
International Review of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 5, No. 1 (2013), pp. 67-85 www.irssh.com ISSN 2248-9010 (Online), ISSN 2250-0715 (Print) Understanding Subjective Well-Being across Countries:
More informationDoes Government Ideology affect Personal Happiness? A Test
Does Government Ideology affect Personal Happiness? A Test Axel Dreher a and Hannes Öhler b January 2010 Economics Letters, forthcoming We investigate the impact of government ideology on left-wing as
More informationWorld changes in inequality:
World changes in inequality: facts, causes, policies François Bourguignon Paris School of Economics BIS, Luzern, June 2016 1 The rising importance of inequality in the public debate Due to fast increase
More informationDecentralized Despotism: How Indirect Colonial Rule Undermines Contemporary Democratic Attitudes
Decentralized Despotism: How Indirect Colonial Rule Undermines Contemporary Democratic Attitudes Evidence from Namibia Marie Lechler 1 Lachlan McNamee 2 1 University of Munich 2 Stanford University June
More informationGlobalization, Inequality and Corruption
Department of Economics Working Paper No. 139 Globalization, Inequality and Corruption Harald Badinger Elisabeth Nindl April 2012 Globalization, Inequality, and Corruption Harald Badinger Elisabeth Nindl
More informationCorruption and Agricultural Trade. Trina Biswas
Corruption and Agricultural Trade Trina Biswas Selected Paper prepared for presentation at the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium s (IATRC s) 2015 Annual Meeting: Trade and Societal Well-Being,
More informationTable A.2 reports the complete set of estimates of equation (1). We distinguish between personal
Akay, Bargain and Zimmermann Online Appendix 40 A. Online Appendix A.1. Descriptive Statistics Figure A.1 about here Table A.1 about here A.2. Detailed SWB Estimates Table A.2 reports the complete set
More informationVolume 35, Issue 1. An examination of the effect of immigration on income inequality: A Gini index approach
Volume 35, Issue 1 An examination of the effect of immigration on income inequality: A Gini index approach Brian Hibbs Indiana University South Bend Gihoon Hong Indiana University South Bend Abstract This
More informationInequality and economic growth
Introduction One of us is a theorist, and one of us is an historian, but both of us are economists interested in modern debates about technical change, convergence, globalization, and inequality. The central
More informationPoverty and Inequality
Chapter 4 Poverty and Inequality Problems and Policies: Domestic After completing this chapter, you will be able to 1. Measure poverty across countries using different approaches and explain how poverty
More informationEducation Inequality and Violent Conflict: Evidence and Policy Considerations
Education Inequality and Violent Conflict: Evidence and Policy Considerations UNICEF and recently completed by the FHI 360 Education Policy and Data Center, sought to change this using the largest dataset
More informationLife is Unfair in Latin America, But Does it Matter for Growth?
Pepperdine University Pepperdine Digital Commons School of Public Policy Working Papers School of Public Policy 2-5-2009 Life is Unfair in Latin America, But Does it Matter for Growth? Luisa Blanco Pepperdine
More informationDistribution of income and wealth among individuals: theoretical perspectives. Joseph E. Stiglitz Bangalore Advanced Graduate Workshop July 2016
Distribution of income and wealth among individuals: theoretical perspectives Joseph E. Stiglitz Bangalore Advanced Graduate Workshop July 2016 Outline Description of growth of inequality Brief description
More informationRainfall, Economic Shocks and Civil Conflicts in the Agrarian Countries of the World
Xiao 1 Yan Xiao Final Draft: Thesis Proposal Junior Honor Seminar May 10, 2004 Rainfall, Economic Shocks and Civil Conflicts in the Agrarian Countries of the World Introduction Peace and prosperity are
More informationL8: Inequality, Poverty and Development: The Evidence
L8: Inequality, Poverty and Development: The Evidence Dilip Mookherjee Ec320 Lecture 8, Boston University Sept 25, 2014 DM (BU) 320 Lect 8 Sept 25, 2014 1 / 1 RECAP: Measuring Inequality and Poverty We
More informationInequality and the Global Middle Class
ANALYZING GLOBAL TRENDS for Business and Society Week 3 Inequality and the Global Middle Class Mauro F. Guillén Mini-Lecture 3.1 This week we will analyze recent trends in: Global inequality and poverty.
More informationCity Size, Migration, and Urban Inequality in the People's Republic of China
Cornell University ILR School DigitalCommons@ILR International Publications Key Workplace Documents 4-2017 City Size, Migration, and Urban Inequality in the People's Republic of China Binkai Chen Central
More informationINCOME INEQUALITY WITHIN AND BETWEEN COUNTRIES
INCOME INEQUALITY WITHIN AND BETWEEN COUNTRIES Christian Kastrop Director of Policy Studies OECD Economics Department IARIW general conference Dresden August 22, 2016 Upward trend in income inequality
More informationGOVERNANCE RETURNS TO EDUCATION: DO EXPECTED YEARS OF SCHOOLING PREDICT QUALITY OF GOVERNANCE?
GOVERNANCE RETURNS TO EDUCATION: DO EXPECTED YEARS OF SCHOOLING PREDICT QUALITY OF GOVERNANCE? A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in
More informationAll democracies are not the same: Identifying the institutions that matter for growth and convergence
All democracies are not the same: Identifying the institutions that matter for growth and convergence Philip Keefer All democracies are not the same: Identifying the institutions that matter for growth
More informationBUSINESS CYCLES WITH REVOLUTIONS
BUSINESS CYCLES WITH REVOLUTIONS LANCE KENT &TOANPHAN Preliminary. We welcome comments. Abstract. This paper develops an empirical macroeconomic framework to analyze the relationship between major political
More informationWORKING PAPER SERIES
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY OF MILAN - BICOCCA WORKING PAPER SERIES Inequality, Political Systems and Public Spending Enrico Longoni, Filippo Gregorini No. 159 April 2009 Dipartimento di Economia
More informationPeer Effects on the United States Supreme Court
Peer Effects on the United States Supreme Court Richard Holden, Michael Keane and Matthew Lilley February 13, 2019 Abstract Using data on essentially every US Supreme Court decision since 1946, we estimate
More informationMaster Thesis in Entrepreneurship
Master Thesis in Entrepreneurship The Determinants of Entrepreneurial Activity in the Nordic Countries During Years 2004-2013 Ondřej Dvouletý Author: Ondřej Dvouletý Supervisor: Erik Rosell Examiner: Daniel
More informationSettlers and missionaries: a sub-national comparison of the consequences of colonial institutions and historical school investments
Settlers and missionaries: a sub-national comparison of the consequences of colonial institutions and historical school investments Frank-Borge Wietzke Department of International Development and Masters
More informationEconomic and political liberalizations $
Journal of Monetary Economics 52 (2005) 1297 1330 www.elsevier.com/locate/jme Economic and political liberalizations $ Francesco Giavazzi, Guido Tabellini IGIER, Bocconi University, Via Salasco 5, 20136
More information