Poverty and Migration in the Digital Age: Experimental Evidence on Mobile Banking in Bangladesh
|
|
- Geraldine Taylor
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Poverty and Migration in the Digital Age: Experimental Evidence on Mobile Banking in Bangladesh Jean Lee, Jonathan Morduch, Saravana Ravindran, Abu Shonchoy, Hassan Zaman April 26,
2 Context Migration Urbanization Mobile Money Poverty and risk 2
3 Two sites Dhaka: Capital city, home to garment factories Gaibandha Dhaka Gaibandha district, Rangpur One of poorest regions of Bangladesh, with exposure to monga (seasonal famine, September through November). Rangpur has significantly lower rates of food consumption per capita than other regions. 3
4 Focus: impact of remittances via mobile money Factory workers Remittances 4
5 5
6 6
7 Urbanization From rural to Dhaka (lifetime net migration rate ) Absolute rural decline Working age,
8 8
9 9
10 Mobile Money in Bangladesh [E]xperts at Bangladesh Bank, the country s central bank, describe mobile money as a key strategy to expand financial access in this nation of 160 million people, where fewer than 30% have a bank account. - Wall Street Journal, 2015 Wide range of bank-based, interoperable mobile money providers: Dutch Bangla Bank, bkash, etc. Potential to mitigate economic shocks (Jack and Suri, AER 2014; Batista and Vicente 2016) 10
11 bkash Leading mobile money service provided by BRAC Bank Mobile wallet and person-toperson transfers Individuals deposit and withdraw money through agent network Launched in Handles about 70 million transactions per day (Wall Street Journal, 2015) 11
12 Rapid Expansion Microfinance: After 4 decades, 21 million users. 90% women. Mobile money: In 5 years, 21 million accounts. 18% women. Leesa Shrader, CGAP
13 13
14 bkash 14
15 Partner: Gana Unnayan Kendra (GUK), a local NGO in Gaibandha. Works to train garment workers and place them in jobs in Dhaka. 15
16 Research Questions Context: Seasonal variability in incomes, as well as the relatively higher incomes in factory jobs in Dhaka, motivates migration. Project: Introduce mobile banking accounts to a sample of migrants and rural families. Questions: Does the technology improve wellbeing of rural households (transfer recipients), particularly through the annual pre-harvest (monga season) famine. Reduce food consumption variability? Improve education? Improve financial conditions? Improve recipient household members health through the difficult famine season? 16
17 Experimental Design 17
18 Linked samples Rural families: Rural families of migrants Urban migrants: Migrants to Dhaka from these same rural households (70% male, 30% female). Rural households trained through GUK Targeted for this intervention after identified as ultrapoor 99% have mobile phones 11 % have bank accounts Avg land: about 0.1 acre Many have incomes < $1 per day per person Encouragement design: Half of the sample is experimentally introduced to the technology 18
19 Overview of Design Rural household-urban migrant pairs are the unit of randomization 817 household-migrant pairs in final sample Recruited through use of a garments training program (SHIREE) roster and snowball sampling Three cross-randomized experiments: 1. bkash training vs. no bkash training 2. Messaging about individual benefits vs. messaging about family/social benefits 3. In a willingness-to-pay survey, priming to think about bkash or cash We focus here on Experiment 1 19
20 Training Intervention 30- to 45-minute intervention. How to sign up and use bkash. Information about bkash mobile money (hard copy) Technical assistance with enrollment: locating necessary identification, completing application locating vendor who could accept application 200 Taka (<3 USD) compensation for participation in the training 20
21 Timeline Study recruitment (Sept 2014 to Feb 2015) Baseline survey (Dec 2014 to March 2015) Introduce bkash (April 2015 to May 2015) Treatment: 415 households (bkash training and incentive) Control: 400 households Marketing: Within treatment arm, cross-randomized order in which households and migrants were approached whether or not migrant is first mover and pro-social marketing strategy Midline survey (August 2015 to September 2015) Endline survey (January 2016 to March 2016) 21
22 Administrative Data In addition to survey data, we collected administrative data from bkash on accounts held by households and migrants in our sample Data range from shortly following the end of the treatment phase to one year later (July 2015 to July 2016) 22
23 Estimation 23
24 First Stage Compare active accounts by treatment status, where active is defined as having at least one transaction in the period July 2015 to July 2016 Transactions include transfers (sent or received), withdrawals, deposits and airtime top-ups Data are from bkash admin files 24
25 Frequency of Transactions 73%% of bkash account holders make more than one transaction in their account per month 25
26 First Stage: Rural Controls: gender, age, primary school completion of head of the household, and household size 26
27 First Stage: Urban Controls: gender, age, primary school completion of head of the household, and household size 27
28 Average Month-End Balances Low Balances Average month-end balances are low (< $3) $1 = 78 taka PPP$1 = 31 taka Rising over time 28
29 Number of Remittances Treatment households send about double the number of remittances over the period as control households 29
30 Value of Mobile Remittances Aus Local boro HYV boro Similar pattern for value of remittances sent Peaks and valleys somewhat correspond to festivals and harvest seasons 30
31 Migrant Income and Remittances Average monthly income: 7830 Taka per migrant. $100, PPP$300, (PPP$10/day) Remittances in past 7 months: 17,279 Taka $222, PPP$ Taka per month ($32, PPP$80) Large fraction of monthly income (2468/7830 = 31.5%). 31
32 Key findings: impact of treatment Rural households: Reduced borrowing and increased savings Improved education, health and agricultural outcomes Improved resilience to negative economic shocks Urban migrants: Increased savings and reduced poverty Increased employment in formal sector Worsened self-reported health indicators 32
33 Results: Rural Households 33
34 Estimating Impacts We then estimate Intent-to-Treat and Instrumental Variables estimates of the treatment effect using the following specification: Our outcomes include individual outcomes and indices of outcomes within an outcome locus, such as education or health, as constructed following Kling, Liebman and Katz (2007) 34
35 Borrowing At baseline, the total size of loans taken by rural households over the last 12 months was 6798 Taka. Monthly remittances are large in comparison to the size of total loans (2486/6798 = 36.6%) 35
36 Borrowing Significant reduction in reported need to borrow over past 1 year Reduction in total value of loans (pvalue = 0.107) 36
37 Borrowing Index 37
38 Savings 44 percentage points more likely to save on a control mean of 43% 38
39 Education Significant increases in daily hours spent studying and aspirations for children Insignificant increases in rates of passing last exam, enrollment, and attendance No effect on education expenditures 39
40 Education Index 40
41 Health Significant decrease in number of sick household members Insignificant decreases in weeks ill over past year and average medical expenses 41
42 Health Index 42
43 Agriculture Fewer negative agricultural productivity shocks Insignificant positive increase in agricultural productivity 43
44 Agriculture Index 44
45 Consumption No significant impacts on consumption levels 45
46 Consumption Index 46
47 Resilience to Shocks To compare the outcomes of rural households in the treatment group hit by shocks with outcomes of rural households in the control group hit by shocks, we estimate: is the coefficient of interest (on treatment group * shock) 47
48 Shocks Remittance Flows Large and significant increases in remittances sent by migrants via bkash Pattern very similar to estimates for consumption Illustrates mechanism for consumption smoothing when hit by shocks 48
49 Shocks - Consumption Significant increase in consumption when hit by agricultural shocks (32%) Impact larger than that estimated by Jack and Suri, 2014 (7%) Insignificant increase in consumption when hit by health shocks 49
50 Shocks Food Consumption Similar pattern when we look at food consumption Magnitudes are slightly larger, since food consumption is likely hardest hit when households are faced with shocks 50
51 Positive Shocks 51
52 Are Migrants Key for Resilience to Shocks? To compare outcomes of rural households in the treatment group hit by shocks whose paired migrants are also hit with shocks, with rural households in the control group hit by shocks whose paired migrants are hit with shocks: is the coefficient of interest (rural and urban pairs experience shocks at same time) 52
53 Household Shock + Migrant Shock No impact on consumption for rural households hit by shocks, when migrant is hit by a health shock Migrants are key for provision of insurance in bad times 53
54 Household Shock + Migrant Shock Migrants unable to send more remittances when they are hit by health shocks 54
55 Results: Urban Migrants 55
56 Remittances 56
57 Remittances 57
58 Savings 58
59 Formal Employment 59
60 Work in Garments Industry 60
61 Poverty 61
62 Migrant Health Decreases in selfreported health indicators in terms of physical health problems, ease of daily work, bodily pain, social activities, emotional problems and severe emotional problems 62
63 Health Index 63
64 Higher Income at Expense of Health 64
65 Results: Robustness Checks 65
66 Spillover Analysis - Rural Impact on control group of adoption based on having more villagers in the treatment group 66
67 Spillover Analysis - Urban Impact on control group of adoption based on having more people locally in the treatment group 67
68 Network Spillovers - Urban Discussed bkash with social network, but that did not affect adoption. 68
69 Conclusion 2 big trends gaining speed: Movement of people Movement of money Extreme poverty will become more difficult to reduce Migration with remittances as a poverty reduction strategy 69
70 Strategy 1: Local development Labor (Capital, Human capital, X) Microfinance Graduation/ultrapoor programs Training SME
71 Strategy 2: Migrate and connect Labor (Capital, Human capital, X)
72 72
73 Summary Statistics 73
Poverty and Migration in the Digital Age: Experimental Evidence on Mobile Banking in Bangladesh
Poverty and Migration in the Digital Age: Experimental Evidence on Mobile Banking in Bangladesh Jean N. Lee, Jonathan Morduch, Saravana Ravindran, Abu S. Shonchoy and Hassan Zaman November 22, 2017 Abstract
More informationPoverty and Migration in the Digital Age: Experimental Evidence on Mobile Banking in Bangladesh
Poverty and Migration in the Digital Age: Experimental Evidence on Mobile Banking in Bangladesh Jean N. Lee, Jonathan Morduch, Saravana Ravindran, Abu S. Shonchoy and Hassan Zaman October 13, 2017 Abstract
More informationPoverty and Migration in the Digital Age: Experimental Evidence on Mobile Banking in Bangladesh
Poverty and Migration in the Digital Age: Experimental Evidence on Mobile Banking in Bangladesh Jean N. Lee, Jonathan Morduch, Saravana Ravindran, Abu S. Shonchoy and Hassan Zaman February 22, 2018 Abstract
More informationPoverty and Migration in the Digital Age: Experimental Evidence on Mobile Banking in Bangladesh
Poverty and Migration in the Digital Age: Experimental Evidence on Mobile Banking in Bangladesh Jean N. Lee, Jonathan Morduch, Saravana Ravindran, Abu S. Shonchoy and Hassan Zaman November 3, 2018 Abstract
More informationPoverty and Migration in the Digital Age: Experimental Evidence on Mobile Banking in Bangladesh
Poverty and Migration in the Digital Age: Experimental Evidence on Mobile Banking in Bangladesh Jean N. Lee, Jonathan Morduch, Saravana Ravindran, Abu S. Shonchoy and Hassan Zaman April 23, 2018 Abstract
More informationAn Experimental Impact Evaluation of Introducing Mobile Money in Rural Mozambique
An Experimental Impact Evaluation of Introducing Mobile Money in Rural Mozambique Cátia Batista Univ. Nova de Lisboa CReAM, IZA, and NOVAFRICA Pedro C. Vicente Univ. Nova de Lisboa IGC, BREAD, and NOVAFRICA
More informationMigration and Consumption Insurance in Bangladesh
Migration and Consumption Insurance in Bangladesh Costas Meghir (Yale) Mushfiq Mobarak (Yale) Corina Mommaerts (Wisconsin) Melanie Morten (Stanford) October 18, 2017 Seasonal migration and consumption
More informationEffects of remittances on health expenditure and types of treatment of international migrants households in Bangladesh
PES Global Conference 2016 Effects of remittances on health expenditure and types of treatment of international migrants households in Bangladesh Mohammad Mainul Islam 1 PhD Sayema Haque Bidisha 2 PhD
More informationBRAC s Graduation Approach to Tackling Ultra Poverty: Experiences from Around the World
BRAC s Graduation Approach to Tackling Ultra Poverty: Experiences from Around the World Mushtaque Chowdhury, PhD Vice Chair, BRAC and Professor of Population & Family Health, Columbia University SEDESOL,
More informationevsjv `k cwimsl vb ey iv BANGLADESH BUREAU OF STATISTICS Statistics Division, Ministry of Planning
PRELIMINARY REPORT ON HOUSEHOLD INCOME & EXPENDITURE SURVEY-2010 June, 2011 evsjv `k cwimsl vb ey iv BANGLADESH BUREAU OF STATISTICS Statistics Division, Ministry of Planning Household Income and Expenditure
More informationEVALUATION NOTE. Evaluating Trickle Up s Graduation Programs in India. Findings from a quasi-experimental evaluation in West Bengal and Jharkhand.
EVALUATION NOTE Evaluating Trickle Up s Graduation Programs in India Findings from a quasi-experimental evaluation in West Bengal and Jharkhand. INTRODUCTION In 2012, the Ford Foundation supported Trickle
More informationRisk Sharing and Transaction Costs: Evidence from Kenya s Mobile Money Revolution. William Jack and Tavneet Suri
Risk Sharing and Transaction Costs: Evidence from Kenya s Mobile Money Revolution William Jack and Tavneet Suri Research Questions What is the role of the financial sector in development? How important
More informationReport on Issues in Education and Health: Policy Insights from Evidence Based Research a seminar organized by the International Growth Centre
Report on Issues in Education and Health: Policy Insights from Evidence Based Research a seminar organized by the International Growth Centre Prepared by M. Mehrab Bin Bakhtiar The research seminar titled
More informationPublic Disclosure Copy
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized SOUTH ASIA Bangladesh Social Protection & Labor Global Practice Recipient Executed Activities
More informationCASE STUDY A 'SMART Money' Solution for South Asia
CASE STUDY A 'SMART Money' Solution for South Asia The Philippines' SMART Money mobile financial service offers a solution for economies in South Asia, which heavily depend on remittances from overseas
More informationRemittances and Private Adaptation Strategies against Natural Disaster events? Evidence from the Cyclone Sidr hit regions in Southern Bangladesh
Remittances and Private Adaptation Strategies against Natural Disaster events? Evidence from the Cyclone Sidr hit regions in Southern Bangladesh Dr. Sakib Mahmud School of Business & Economics University
More information[text from Why Graduation tri-fold. Picture?]
1 [text from Why Graduation tri-fold. Picture?] BRAC has since inception been at the forefront of poverty alleviation, disaster recovery, and microfinance in Bangladesh and 10 other countries BRAC creates
More informationPublic Disclosure Authorized. Public Disclosure Authorized. Public Disclosure Authorized. Public Disclosure Authorized
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Ministry of Planning Air Vice Marshal (Retd.) A K Khandker Minister Government of the
More informationWhat about the Women? Female Headship, Poverty and Vulnerability
What about the Women? Female Headship, Poverty and Vulnerability in Thailand and Vietnam Tobias Lechtenfeld with Stephan Klasen and Felix Povel 20-21 January 2011 OECD Conference, Paris Thailand and Vietnam
More informationDo Migrants Improve Governance at Home? Evidence from a Voting Experiment
Do Migrants Improve Governance at Home? Evidence from a Voting Experiment Catia Batista Trinity College Dublin and IZA Pedro C. Vicente Trinity College Dublin, CSAE-Oxford and BREAD Second International
More informationHarnessing Remittances and Diaspora Knowledge to Build Productive Capacities
UNCTAD S LDCs REPORT 2012 Harnessing Remittances and Diaspora Knowledge to Build Productive Capacities Media Briefing on the Occasion of the Global Launch 26 November 2012, Dhaka, Bangladesh Hosted by
More informationRESEARCH BRIEF 1. Poverty Outreach in Fee-for-Service Savings Groups. Author: Michael Ferguson, Ph.D., Research & Evaluation Coordinator
Updated August 2012 INNOVATIONS RESEARCH BRIEF 1 Poverty Outreach in Fee-for-Service Savings Groups Author: Michael Ferguson, Ph.D., Research & Evaluation Coordinator Project Background & the PSP model
More informationAnalysis of the Sources and Uses of Remittance by Rural Households for Agricultural Purposes in Enugu State, Nigeria
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) e-issn: 2319-2380, p-issn: 2319-2372. Volume 9, Issue 2 Ver. I (Feb. 2016), PP 84-88 www.iosrjournals.org Analysis of the Sources and Uses
More informationBaseline Study on Digital Remittances Highlights Demand-Side Survey of Low-Income Jordanians and Syrian Refugees in Jordan
Baseline Study on Digital Remittances Highlights Demand-Side Survey of Low-Income Jordanians and Syrian Refugees in Jordan Nadine Chehade, Antoine Navarro December 2017 Disclaimer This work was funded
More informationRole of Services Marketing in Socioeconomic Development and Poverty Reduction in Dhaka City of Bangladesh
EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. V, Issue 1/ April 2017 ISSN 2286-4822 www.euacademic.org Impact Factor: 3.4546 (UIF) DRJI Value: 5.9 (B+) Role of Services Marketing in Socioeconomic Development and Poverty
More informationCGAP Baseline Demand Side Study on Digital Remittances in Jordan: Key Qualitative Findings
CGAP Baseline Demand Side Study on Digital Remittances in Jordan: Key Qualitative Findings September 16, 2016 Ipsos Public Affairs 2020 K Street, Suite 410 Washington, DC 20006 Tel: 202.463.7300 www.ipsos-na.com
More informationREMITTANCE TRANSFERS TO ARMENIA: PRELIMINARY SURVEY DATA ANALYSIS
REMITTANCE TRANSFERS TO ARMENIA: PRELIMINARY SURVEY DATA ANALYSIS microreport# 117 SEPTEMBER 2008 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It
More informationReducing Poverty in the Arab World Successes and Limits of the Moroccan. Lahcen Achy. Beirut, Lebanon July 29, 2010
Reducing Poverty in the Arab World Successes and Limits of the Moroccan Experience Lahcen Achy Beirut, Lebanon July 29, 2010 Starting point Morocco recorded an impressive decline in monetary poverty over
More informationChapter 3. Seasonal Deprivation and Migration in Bangladesh
Chapter 3 Seasonal Deprivation and Migration in Bangladesh Tatsufumi Yamagata 3.1 Introduction The motivation of this book is to work out an ideal scheme of microfinance for peasants living in Northern
More informationShock and Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case of Burkina Faso (Report on Pre-Research in 2006)
Shock and Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case of Burkina Faso (Report on Pre-Research in 2006) Takeshi Sakurai (Policy Research Institute) Introduction Risk is the major cause of poverty in Sub-Saharan
More informationPROJECT INFORMATION DOCUMENT (PID) CONCEPT STAGE Report No.: AB5304 Project Name
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized PROJECT INFORMATION DOCUMENT (PID) CONCEPT STAGE Report No.: AB5304 Project Name Bangladesh:
More informationMigrant remittances is a way for Bangladesh to march toward a developed country through socio - economic development
2015; 2(3): 01-07 IJMRD 2015; 2(3): 01-07 www.allsubjectjournal.com Impact factor: 3.672 Received: 15-02-2015 Accepted: 27-02-2015 E-ISSN: 2349-4182 P-ISSN: 2349-5979 Malaya Tashbeen Barnamala Senior Lecturer,
More informationAssessing Poverty Outreach of Microfinance Institutions in Cambodia - A Case Study of AMK
Research article erd Assessing Poverty Outreach of Microfinance Institutions in Cambodia - A Case Study of AMK THUN VATHANA Angkor Mikroheranhvatho Kampuchea (AMK) Co. Ltd., Phnom Penh, Cambodia Email:
More informationLaos: Ethno-linguistic Diversity and Disadvantage
Laos: Ethno-linguistic Diversity and Disadvantage Elizabeth M. King Dominique van de Walle World Bank December 2010 1 The Lao People s Democratic Laos is one of the poorest countries in Southeast Asia
More informationVolume 36, Issue 1. Impact of remittances on poverty: an analysis of data from a set of developing countries
Volume 6, Issue 1 Impact of remittances on poverty: an analysis of data from a set of developing countries Basanta K Pradhan Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi Malvika Mahesh Institute of Economic Growth,
More informationTHE EFFECTS OF PARENTAL MIGRATION ON CHILD EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES IN INDONESIA
THE EFFECTS OF PARENTAL MIGRATION ON CHILD EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES IN INDONESIA A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment
More informationHousehold Vulnerability and Population Mobility in Southwestern Ethiopia
Household Vulnerability and Population Mobility in Southwestern Ethiopia David P. Lindstrom Heather F. Randell Population Studies and Training Center & Department of Sociology, Brown University David_Lindstrom@brown.edu
More informationThe contribution of the Chars Livelihoods Programme and the Vulnerable Group Development programme to social inclusion in Bangladesh
April 2014 The contribution of the Chars Livelihoods Programme and the Vulnerable Group Development programme to social inclusion in Bangladesh Country Briefing Omar Faruque Siddiki 1, Rebecca Holmes 2,
More informationTHE EVOLUTION OF WORKER S REMITTANCES IN MEXICO IN RECENT YEARS
THE EVOLUTION OF WORKER S REMITTANCES IN MEXICO IN RECENT YEARS BANCO DE MÉXICO April 10, 2007 The Evolution of Workers Remittances in Mexico in Recent Years April 10 th 2007 I. INTRODUCTION In recent
More informationGLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS & GENDER EQUALITY THREATS, OPPORTUNITIES AND NECESSITIES
GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS & GENDER EQUALITY THREATS, OPPORTUNITIES AND NECESSITIES ICA Gender Equality Committee Seminar: Global Crisis: Gender Opportunity? 17 November 2009 Eva Majurin COOPAfrica, ILO Dar
More informationA Preliminary Snapshot
The Economic and Social Impact of the Global Crisis in the Philippines: A Preliminary Snapshot Forum on Decent Work and Social Justice in Times of Crisis 22 April 2009 SMX Convention Center Pasay City
More informationSURVEY ON RECRUITMENT PRACTICES IN THE GARMENT INDUSTRY IN CAMBODIA
SURVEY ON RECRUITMENT PRACTICES IN THE GARMENT INDUSTRY IN CAMBODIA THE GARMENT INDUSTRY IN CAMBODIA A Survey on Recruitment Practices by Menghun Kaing The Asia Foundation 2017 About The Asia Foundation
More informationDigittances Baseline Demand-Side Study
Digittances Baseline Demand-Side Study Low Income Jordanians March 2017 1 Classified - Unclassified 1 Overview of Baseline Study The goal of this Baseline study was to provide an overview of key financial
More informationTHE WAGES OF WAR: How donors and NGOs can build upon the adaptations Syrians have made in the midst of war
THE WAGES OF WAR: How donors and NGOs can build upon the adaptations Syrians have made in the midst of war FEBRUARY 2018 The scale of death and suffering in Syria is monumental. What began as a series
More informationSyria Crisis Regional Response M&E Updates. April-June 2014
Syria Crisis Regional Response M&E Updates April-June Monitoring results from WFP Regional Emergency Operation 200433 Food assistance to vulnerable Syrian populations in Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq, Turkey,
More informationCHANNELING OVERSEAS FILIPINO S REMITTANCES TO PRODUCTIVE USES
SINGLE YEAR EXPERT MEETING ON MAXIMIZING THE DEVELOPMENT IMPACT OF REMITTANCES Geneva, 14 15 February 2011 CHANNELING OVERSEAS FILIPINO S REMITTANCES TO PRODUCTIVE USES By Ruth C. GONZAGA Central Bank
More informationIntroducing Mobile Money in Rural Mozambique: Evidence from a Field Experiment *
Introducing Mobile Money in Rural Mozambique: Evidence from a Field Experiment * Cátia Batista and Pedro C. Vicente June 2013 Abstract The limitations of access to finance in Africa, together with the
More informationSampling Characteristics and Methodology
Sampling Characteristics and Methodology The unit of observation for the survey is the household. Interviews were conducted with an equal number of women and men, each representing their households. Additional
More informationLabor Migration Development Indicators in the Post-2015 Global Development Framework
Labor Migration Development Indicators in the Post-2015 Global Development Framework Philip Martin: plmartin@ucdavis.edu December 10, 2012 Highlights Migration can speed achievement of 8 MDGs M&D in migrant-sending
More informationThe Multilateral Investment Fund (MIF) Remittances and Development in Latin America
The Multilateral Investment Fund (MIF) Remittances and Development in Latin America 1 Natasha Bajuk natashab@iadb.org The largest technical assistance provider in Latin America and Caribbean - US$1.8 billion
More informationMigration, Immobility and Climate change: Gender dimensions of poverty in coastal Bangladesh
Migration, Immobility and Climate change: Gender dimensions of poverty in coastal Bangladesh Presenter: Dr. Samiya Selim Director, Center for Sustainable Development. ULAB Author: Basundhara Tripathy Assistant
More informationDo Remittances Promote Household Savings? Evidence from Ethiopia
Do Remittances Promote Household Savings? Evidence from Ethiopia Ademe Zeyede 1 African Development Bank Group, Ethiopia Country Office, P.O.Box: 25543 code 1000 Abstract In many circumstances there are
More informationSocial Dimension S o ci al D im en si o n 141
Social Dimension Social Dimension 141 142 5 th Pillar: Social Justice Fifth Pillar: Social Justice Overview of Current Situation In the framework of the Sustainable Development Strategy: Egypt 2030, social
More informationRemittances and the Macroeconomic Impact of the Global Economic Crisis in the Kyrgyz Republic and Tajikistan
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, Volume 8, No. 4 (2010), pp. 3-9 Central Asia-Caucasus
More informationTERMS OF REFERENCE. Overview:
TERMS OF REFERENCE Position Title: Research Consultant Duty Station: Kathmandu, Nepal international travel and field visits as required Type of Appointment: Consultancy, 15 months part time Estimated start
More informationCash or Condition? Evidence from a Randomized Cash Transfer Program
Cash or Condition? Evidence from a Randomized Cash Transfer Program Sarah Baird (George Washington University) Craig McIntosh (UC San Diego) Berk Özler (World Bank) Outline Summary of findings Background
More informationThe impact of low-skilled labor migration boom on education investment in Nepal
The impact of low-skilled labor migration boom on education investment in Nepal Rashesh Shrestha University of Wisconsin-Madison June 7, 2016 Motivation Important to understand labor markets in developing
More informationDo job fairs matter?
Do job fairs matter? Experimental evidence from the rural Philippines Emily A. Beam National University of Singapore ADB-3ie: Making Impact Evaluation Matter 04 September 2014 Emily Beam: National University
More informationEvidence from a Voter Awareness Campaign in Pakistan
Evidence from a Voter Awareness Campaign in Pakistan Xavier Gine World Bank Impact and Policy Conference, Bangkok Motivation Over the 20 th century, women have acquired de jure rights to participate in
More informationMigration and Urban Transition in India: Implications for Development
Migration and Urban Transition in India: Implications for Development Ram B. Bhagat Professor and Head Department of Migration and Urban Studies International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai,
More informationGuatemala Diaspora Development Efforts and Lessons From the Israel-Jewish Diaspora
Guatemala Diaspora Development Efforts and Lessons From the Israel-Jewish Diaspora Rebecca Bardach and Raviv Schwartz JDC s Center for International Migration and Integration at the International Conference
More informationHow Cutting the Cost of Using a Bank Affects Household s Behavior of Remittance Transfers: Evidence From a Field Experiment in Rural Malawi
Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont CMC Senior Theses CMC Student Scholarship 2016 How Cutting the Cost of Using a Bank Affects Household s Behavior of Remittance Transfers: Evidence From a Field
More informationID4D IDENTIFICATION FOR DEVELOPMENT
ID4D IDENTIFICATION FOR DEVELOPMENT The World Bank Group s ID4D initiative uses global knowledge and expertise across sectors to help countries realize the transformational potential of digital identification
More informationFARMWORKERS IN MEXICO AGUSTÍN ESCOBAR OMAR STABRIDIS
FARMWORKERS IN MEXICO AGUSTÍN ESCOBAR OMAR STABRIDIS Mexican farm workers play a central role in the production of fruits and vegetables for the U.S. market in both countries. Recently,Taylor, Charlton
More informationInvESt: Investment for Economic Empowerment of Street-dwellers
InvESt: Investment for Economic Empowerment of Street-dwellers Around 300,000-400,000 new migrants are settling in Dhaka city every year (World Bank, 2007). A large portion of this group is forced to live
More informationHuman Development Indices and Indicators: 2018 Statistical Update. Pakistan
Human Development Indices and Indicators: 2018 Statistical Update Briefing note for countries on the 2018 Statistical Update Introduction Pakistan This briefing note is organized into ten sections. The
More informationRemittances and Poverty. in Guatemala* Richard H. Adams, Jr. Development Research Group (DECRG) MSN MC World Bank.
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Remittances and Poverty in Guatemala* Richard H. Adams, Jr. Development Research Group
More informationGENDER FACTS AND FIGURES URBAN NORTH WEST SOMALIA JUNE 2011
GENDER FACTS AND FIGURES URBAN NORTH WEST SOMALIA JUNE 2011 Overview In November-December 2010, FSNAU and partners successfully piloted food security urban survey in five towns of the North West of Somalia
More informationCROSS-BORDER REMITTANCES
CROSS-BORDER REMITTANCES PROMOTING LOW-COST FORMAL REMITTANCE CHANNELS AND FINANCIAL LITERACY 7th ADB-ADBI-OECD-ILO Round table on Labor Migration in Asia January 18, 2017 Manila, the Philippines Isaku
More informationWill Urban Migrants Formally Insure their Rural Relatives? Accra, 10 May 2018 Towards Agricultural Innovation in Ghana: An Evidence-Based Approach
Will Urban Migrants Formally Insure their Rural Relatives? Harounan Kazianga Oklahoma State University Zaki Wahhaj University of Kent Accra, 10 May 2018 Towards Agricultural Innovation in Ghana: An Evidence-Based
More informationDraft Guidelines for Measuring Migration Costs and Earnings for SDG indicator Prepared by Eivind Hoffmann as consultant to ILO
Draft Guidelines for Measuring Migration Costs and Earnings for SDG indicator 10.7.1 Prepared by Eivind Hoffmann as consultant to ILO (eho@udi.no) Content Background Issues What to measure Data sources
More informationDigittances Baseline Demand-Side Study
Digittances Baseline Demand-Side Study Syrian Refugees March 2017 1 Classified - Unclassified 1 Overview of Baseline Study The goal of this Baseline study was to provide an overview of key financial and
More informationHow s Life in Canada?
How s Life in Canada? November 2017 Canada typically performs above the OECD average level across most of the different well-indicators shown below. It falls within the top tier of OECD countries on household
More informationImpact of the Global Economic Crisis on Asian Migrants. Manolo Abella
Impact of the Global Economic Crisis on Asian Migrants Manolo Abella Too early to say magnitude of the impact on international labor migration Too early to say magnitude of the impact on international
More informationThe Impact of Seasonal Migration on Beliefs and Attitudes with Respect to Gender and Social Norms
The Impact of Seasonal Migration on Beliefs and Attitudes with Respect to Gender and Social Norms Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak, Maira Emy Reimão, and Ashish Shenoy April 2018 Abstract In rural areas in developing
More informationJapan s average level of current well-being: Comparative strengths and weaknesses
How s Life in Japan? November 2017 Relative to other OECD countries, Japan s average performance across the different well-being dimensions is mixed. At 74%, the employment rate is well above the OECD
More informationFigure 1. Nepal: Recent Fiscal Developments
Figure 1. : Recent Fiscal Developments Strong revenue growth combined with subdued capital spending kept the budget in surplus the past years. Fiscal Performance Revenue Capital expenditure 1 Current expenditure
More informationPayments and Money Transfer Behavior of Sub-Saharan Africans
Payments and Money Transfer Behavior of Sub-Saharan Africans June 12 Authors: Johanna Godoy, Gallup Bob Tortora, Gallup Jan Sonnenschein, Gallup Jake Kendall 1, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 1 Jake Kendall
More informationWIDER DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE MIGRATION AND MOBILITY
WIDER DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE MIGRATION AND MOBILITY 2.1 MIGRATION, POLICY, AND GOVERNANCE I 5-6 OCTOBER 2017 IN ACCRA, GHANA. SOUTH-TO-SOUTH MIGRATION IN ASIA: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS
More informationFeminization of Poverty & Globalization S. Khan 1. Impact of Globalization on the Feminization of Poverty in South Asia. Saba Khan
Feminization of Poverty & Globalization S. Khan 1 Impact of Globalization on the Feminization of Poverty in South Asia Saba Khan Feminization of Poverty & Globalization S. Khan 2 Impact of Globalization
More informationIntra-Rural Migration and Pathways to Greater Well-Being: Evidence from Tanzania
Intra-Rural Migration and Pathways to Greater Well-Being: Evidence from Tanzania Ayala Wineman and Thomas S. Jayne Paper presented at the Center for the Study of African Economies Conference on Economic
More informationShutterstock/Catastrophe OL. Overview of Internal Migration in Myanmar
Shutterstock/Catastrophe OL Overview of Internal Migration in Myanmar UNESCO/R.Manowalailao Myanmar Context Myanmar s total population, as recorded by UNESCAP in 2016, stands at over 52 million. Despite
More informationMoving Up the Ladder? The Impact of Migration Experience on Occupational Mobility in Albania
Moving Up the Ladder? The Impact of Migration Experience on Occupational Mobility in Albania Calogero Carletto and Talip Kilic Development Research Group, The World Bank Prepared for the Fourth IZA/World
More informationREMITTANCE PRICES WORLDWIDE
REMITTANCE PRICES WORLDWIDE THE WORLD BANK PAYMENT SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT GROUP FINANCIAL AND PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT VICE PRESIDENCY ISSUE NO. 3 NOVEMBER, 2011 AN ANALYSIS OF TRENDS IN THE AVERAGE TOTAL
More informationMigration, Employment, and Food Security in Central Asia: the case of Uzbekistan
Migration, Employment, and Food Security in Central Asia: the case of Uzbekistan Bakhrom Mirkasimov (Westminster International University in Tashkent) BACKGROUND: CENTRAL ASIA All four countries experienced
More informationSeasonal Unemployment and Voluntary Out-Migration from Northern Bangladesh
Modern Economy, 2011, 2, 174-179 doi:10.4236/me.2011.22023 Published Online May 2011 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/me) Seasonal Unemployment and Voluntary Out-Migration from Northern Bangladesh Abstract
More information262 Index. D demand shocks, 146n demographic variables, 103tn
Index A Africa, 152, 167, 173 age Filipino characteristics, 85 household heads, 59 Mexican migrants, 39, 40 Philippines migrant households, 94t 95t nonmigrant households, 96t 97t premigration income effects,
More informationOpenness and Poverty Reduction in the Long and Short Run. Mark R. Rosenzweig. Harvard University. October 2003
Openness and Poverty Reduction in the Long and Short Run Mark R. Rosenzweig Harvard University October 2003 Prepared for the Conference on The Future of Globalization Yale University. October 10-11, 2003
More informationEffects of Migration on Rural Labor Markets
Effects of Migration on Rural Labor Markets Agha Ali Akram Shyamal Chowdhury Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak Evidence Action University of Sydney Yale University August 2016 Abstract Rural to urban migration has
More informationData base on child labour in India: an assessment with respect to nature of data, period and uses
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Understanding Children s Work Project Working Paper Series, June 2001 1. 43860 Data base
More informationFOOD SECURITY MONITORING, TAJIKISTAN
Fighting Hunger Worldwide BULLETIN February 2017 ISSUE 18 Tajikistan Food Security Monitoring Highlights The food security situation presents expected seasonal variation better in December after the harvest,
More informationIntra-Rural Migration and Pathways to Greater Well-Being: Evidence from Tanzania
Intra-Rural Migration and Pathways to Greater Well-Being: Evidence from Tanzania Ayala Wineman and Thomas S. Jayne Presentation AFRE Brown Bag Seminar Series October 11, 2016 1 Motivation Knowledge gaps
More informationOverview The Dualistic System Urbanization Rural-Urban Migration Consequences of Urban-Rural Divide Conclusions
Overview The Dualistic System Urbanization Rural-Urban Migration Consequences of Urban-Rural Divide Conclusions Even for a developing economy, difference between urban/rural society very pronounced Administrative
More informationMonitoring Country Progress in Pakistan
Monitoring Country Progress in Pakistan Program Office OAPA & USAID/Pakistan U.S. Agency for International Development Pakistan Institute for Development Economics September, 21 st, 211 Economic Reforms
More informationRemittance and Household Expenditures in Kenya
Remittance and Household Expenditures in Kenya Christine Nanjala Simiyu KCA University, Nairobi, Kenya. Email: csimiyu@kca.ac.ke Abstract Remittances constitute an important source of income for majority
More informationDoes Elite Capture Matter? Local Elites and Targeted Welfare Programs in Indonesia
Does Elite Capture Matter? Local Elites and Targeted Welfare Programs in Indonesia Rema Hanna, Harvard Kennedy School Joint with: Vivi Alatas, World Bank; Abhijit Banerjee, MIT ; Benjamin A. Olken, MIT
More informationContents. List of Figures List of Maps List of Tables List of Contributors. 1. Introduction 1 Gillette H. Hall and Harry Anthony Patrinos
Contents List of Figures List of Maps List of Tables List of Contributors page vii ix x xv 1. Introduction 1 Gillette H. Hall and Harry Anthony Patrinos 2. Indigenous Peoples and Development Goals: A Global
More informationNatural Disasters and Poverty Reduction:Do Remittances matter?
Natural Disasters and Poverty Reduction:Do Remittances matter? Linguère Mously Mbaye and Alassane Drabo + AfDB, Abidjan and IZA, Bonn and + FERDI, Clermont-Ferrand UNU-Wider and ARUA: Migration and Mobility-New
More informationTHAILAND SYSTEMATIC COUNTRY DIAGNOSTIC Public Engagement
THAILAND SYSTEMATIC COUNTRY DIAGNOSTIC Public Engagement March 2016 Contents 1. Objectives of the Engagement 2. Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) 3. Country Context 4. Growth Story 5. Poverty Story 6.
More informationAcknowledgements This paper was commissioned by Char Livelihoods Programme, Bangladesh.
The RMMRU Working Paper Series presents papers in a preliminary form. More information on the work and research projects of RMMRU can be found online at www.rmmru.org. Acknowledgements This paper was commissioned
More information