Examiners report 2009
|
|
- Megan Sheena Watkins
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Examiners report International protection of human rights General remarks A number of candidates are obviously reading beyond the prescribed texts and this undoubtedly enhances performance. Legal analysis is not always attempted but an increasing number of candidates do attempt to engage in some analytical argument and those who do generally give an enhanced answer. Candidates generally have mastered time management. It is important that time is allocated appropriately. Creating an answer plan can also be useful as it provides a reference point when writing an answer. The importance of disciplined time management cannot be over emphasised. It is important that the question asked in the exam paper is answered. A competent exam answer demands more than a mere regurgitation of all that one knows about a particular subject. There is a need to be discriminating in the way material is presented so as to answer the question posed. All the questions required an answer in the form of an analytical essay. Specific comments on questions Question 1 The pre-eminent role which States still play on the international stage continues to inhibit the full realisation of international human rights law. This is an interesting question and a well-prepared candidate should be able to write a good answer. The central issue is the problem of the state in international human rights law: human rights law has to rely on the state, yet the state is often in breach of its human rights obligations. The best approach to the question is to agree with the claim that states are still the central actors in international law. There are other important non-state bodies, for example the World Trade Organization (WTO), the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) and even organisations like the EU, but the state remains the central point of reference. After outlining this thesis, a good answer would then go on to make the following argument. Although states are often in breach of human rights obligations, it would be hard to see how human rights law could operate without the state. 1
2 International protection of human rights Perhaps the most sensible conclusion is to argue that there needs to be enhanced mechanisms for holding states to their human rights obligations. International law should also allow increased opportunities for nongovernmental organisations (NGOs), international NGOs and perhaps even individuals to influence bodies like the World Bank, the IMF and the WTO in order to make human rights arguments in relation to trade and financial policies. Chapters 2 and 3 contain the material of primary relevance to this question. Question 2 In spite of the proliferation of human rights treaties violations remain all too common. Critically discuss with particular reference to two international human rights conventions and their monitoring mechanisms. This question required candidates to identify the main mechanisms within the UN system for the protection of human rights. Candidates should then compare, with reference to two international human rights convention, the monitoring mechanisms of the reporting system and those of individual communication. This comparison should identify the strengths and weaknesses of the relevant mechanisms. The answer could, for instance, focus on the mechanism (Optional Protocol) provided for under the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights whereby individuals may seek redress for alleged violations of Covenant rights. The answer demands stating the procedure prescribed namely that under the Optional Protocol and how that has served as a blue print for other international treaties. A good answer would then consider the relative value of individual petition in relation to possible redress by way of a reporting system to a relevant Committee, e.g. the Convention on the Elimination on All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Alternatively the reporting procedure under the Convention on the Rights of the Child may be considered given it is the monitoring mechanism provided. In the light of this a conclusion should be reached as to the effectiveness or otherwise of the UN system for the protection of human rights. Question 3 The public/private dichotomy remains a stumbling block in the realisation of the rights of women contained in the 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. This answer is straightforward in that it essentially involves consideration as to why the law has been reluctant to become involved in what is regarded as the private arena i.e. the family This is not peculiar to the international stage but is a reflection of the position held by states and mirrors domestic law. The result has been in respect of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women that states, although signing, have entered reservations to particular provisions. The answer should identify certain instances of such reservations and consider 2
3 the extent to which this may have undermined the effectiveness of the Convention. A good answer could also consider the Convention s Committee (CEDAW) and note the Committee s elaboration of due diligence regarding a state s responsibility to have in place appropriate measures against domestic violence. The answer could also highlight that the Convention has developed and like all international human rights instruments is a living document which is continuing to evolve. Also some of the goals set out in the Convention are those contained either in the mandate of a Special Representative (e.g. Special Representative on Violence against Women; Special Representative on Trafficking) or in provisions of other human rights instruments. Question 4 Discuss the contemporary legal framework in place prohibiting the use of children as soldiers in view of the fact that child soldiers are used extensively in many conflicts throughout the world. This is a fairly straightforward question but an answer that simply listed the legal framework would not offer a discussion, rather a simple statement of facts. Clearly, this is not what this question requires. In other words, a good answer has to approach the law relating to child soldiers in its context, and reflect on its sources. The enactment of the Optional Protocol in 2002 meant that there was a perception that there was a need to extend the protection offered by the Convention on the Rights of the Child As far as the 1989 Convention is concerned, the key Articles are 36, 38 and 39 reflecting the wider sense in which children (and women) are given protection in situations of armed conflict (see the Declaration on the Protection of Women and Children in Emergency and Armed Conflict). The 2002 Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on children in armed conflict outlaws the use of children under 18 in armed forces, whether state-run or irregular. Convention (182) of the International Labour Organization (ILO) also prohibits the recruitment of children under the age of 18. The 1999 African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child also accords with these international standards. The first point that could be made here is that there is clearly a legal framework that draws on a number of international sources of law. The problem is not perhaps lack of law it is the enforcement of these international norms. Dealing with the consequences of the breakdown of civil order in war or civil war is a difficult task for a court. Thus, issues relating to child soldiers may have to be considered as part of a social reconstruction programme that ends armed conflict. The pressing issue here may be as much a question of availability of resources for rehabilitating child soldiers, as prosecuting those responsible for their recruitment and use in armed operations. An interesting point for discussion in relation to the Optional Protocol and the ILO Convention would be the need for the law to take a broad scope covering both state parties and irregular forces as well. In turning to discuss the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC), which makes recruitment of children under 15 a war crime, a candidate could reflect on the different norms that make up the law on child soldiers. The ICC Statute makes use of child soldiers a war crime. This is important but, given the nature of the problem, a 3
4 International protection of human rights candidate could reflect on the need for the rehabilitation of former child soldiers as well. Clearly this goes beyond the law of war and relates to the point made above about social reconstruction and possibly even truth and reconciliation processes. Chapter 7.4 of the subject guide contains the relevant material for discussion in this essay. Question 5 The 1951 Geneva Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees is out of date and unable to accommodate the demands of the twenty-first century. Initially an answer should address the criticism levied in the question. This would be done by looking at the origin of the 1951 Refugee Convention; the political climate prevailing at the time and the circumstances to which the 1951 Convention was responding. The answer should then address the question as to why the criticism has arisen and should consider the change in the refugee population. In this context the regional approaches to the alleged incomplete protection afforded by the 1951 Refugee Convention should be addressed. A good answer might consider whether the Eurocentric criticism is justified. In this context reference should be made to the 1961 New York Protocol and the extent to which the Refugee Convention has been adopted by many states representing a wide spectrum of political ideologies Question 6 The use of such terms as coercive interrogation techniques by States highlights the fact that the prohibition on the use of torture is absolute. This question would allow a well-prepared candidate to write a good answer. The most important point is to focus on the terms of the question. It is not asking for a general description of the law against torture, but a focused discussion of a particular point. The question can be read as suggesting that the use of terms such as coercive interrogation techniques are an attempt by certain states to avoid or get around the prohibition on torture in Article 1 of the Convention against Torture. If these techniques amount to torture, then it makes a nonsense of the prohibition contained in the Convention. The focus on this essay should thus be on recent allegations that the USA, UK and others have been involved in the torture of detainees. Relevant documents include the Second Periodic Report of the US to the Committee against torture in May 2005, and the Report of the International Committee of the Red Cross Report of the same year. Concerns were expressed in the latter that treatment of detainees in Bagram and Guantanamo Bay amounted to torture. As part of its response to these concerns, the US government attempted to redefine torture, and argued that treatment is merely cruel, inhuman or degrading. A good essay would engage with these documents and come to a conclusion on whether 4
5 or not the claims of the US government suggested that torture was taking place despite its redefinition. Relevant material for discussion in this essay can be found in Chapter of the subject guide. Question 7 To what extent does the contemporary international community recognise the right of humanitarian intervention? To answer this question accurately, one has to note that it begins with the words to what extent. The question is asking a candidate to assess whether or not there is a right to humanitarian intervention. Thus, one has to take a position. It would perhaps be wisest to argue that there is not a widely recognised right to humanitarian intervention in international law, despite certain important claims to the contrary. After a brief review of the scholarship of writers like Teson, who argue that international law should include this right, the position in relation to the UN Charter should be assessed. Interventions pursuant to the Charter can probably not be seen as establishing a right to humanitarian intervention and, arguably, the focus on the Charter is the preservation of peace, rather than generally allowing interference into the sovereign affairs of states. The various resolutions made in relation to Iraq and Afghanistan are controversial and probably do not amount to anything like a right to humanitarian intervention. It would also be hard to argue that NATO intervention in Kosovo is evidence that a right to humanitarian intervention exists. Chapter 11 of the subject guide contains relevant material for this answer. Question 8 Regional systems show that human rights protection needs to be sensitive to historical and cultural contexts. Discuss with reference to regional protection of human rights. This a broad question and not a difficult one to answer. The difficulty is perhaps the range of the question; it would thus be wise after some introductory general discussion of the question to offer a focus on a regional system. Note, that the focus on the question is on the contexts out of which regional human rights systems emerge. It would be sensible to agree to the claim that regional systems reflect their local contexts, while stressing that they are also consistent with international human rights norms. To choose one example: the jurisprudence of the Inter-American system reflects the response of the Inter-American Court to the problems of civil war and disappearances in Latin America. If one was examining the African system, one could show how its articulation of human rights norms show an attempt to link them with Pan-African values, whereas the European system, among other concerns, attempts to link the European Convention with the EU. 5
Examiners report 2010
Examiners report 2010 Examiners report 2010 266 0029 International protection of human rights Introduction International protection of human rights remains a popular subject, reflecting the topicality
More information분쟁과대테러과정에서의인권보호. The Seoul Declaration
분쟁과대테러과정에서의인권보호 Upholding Human Rights during Conflict and while Countering Terrorism" The Seoul Declaration The Seventh International Conference for National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection
More informationTHE ARMS TRADE TREATY AND
All rights reserved. This publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee for advocacy, campaigning and teaching purposes, but not for resale. The copyright holders request that
More informationCritical issue module 7 Children associated with armed forces or armed groups Topic 2 The law and child rights
Critical issue module 7 Children associated with armed forces or armed groups Topic 2 The law and child rights Handout 2 Legal texts on children associated with armed forces or armed groups CRC 1 States
More informationamnesty international
[EMBARGOED FOR: 18 February 2003] Public amnesty international Kenya A human rights memorandum to the new Government AI Index: AFR 32/002/2003 Date: February 2003 In December 2002 Kenyans exercised their
More informationChapter 15 Protection and redress for victims of crime and human rights violations
in cooperation with the Chapter 15 Protection and redress for victims of crime and human rights violations Facilitator s Guide Learning objectives To make the participants aware of the effects that crime
More informationTHE RELEVANCE OF THE 1951 GENEVA CONVENTION RELATING TO THE STATUS OF REFUGEES
THE RELEVANCE OF THE 1951 GENEVA CONVENTION RELATING TO THE STATUS OF REFUGEES Pierre-Michel ~ontaine* The theme of the 1995 Refugee Week Summit is the basis for this article.' The mere questioning of
More informationADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION
Distr. GENERAL CAT/C/USA/CO/2 18 May 2006 Original: ENGLISH ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION COMMITTEE AGAINST TORTURE 36th session 1 19 May 2006 CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES UNDER ARTICLE
More informationFit for purpose? Older people s rights and the existing international framework
Fit for purpose? Older people s rights and the existing international framework Attention by treaty bodies Treaty Body No. of references CEDAW 295 CESCR 75 CAT 5 HRC 4 CERD 2 Attention to civil and
More informationNORMATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR CHILD PROTECTION
Department of Peacekeeping Operations NORMATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR CHILD PROTECTION Module 2 Module 2 0 Learning Outcomes 1 2 Understand how legal obligations and the child protection mandate should guide the
More informationFact Sheet No.3 (Rev.1), Advisory Services and Technical Cooperation in the Field of Human Rights. Introduction
Fact Sheet No.3 (Rev.1), Advisory Services and Technical Cooperation in the Field of Human Rights Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion
More informationUpdate of the EU GUIDELINES ON CHILDREN AND ARMED CONFLICT
Update of the EU GUIDELINES ON CHILDREN AND ARMED CONFLICT I. CHILDREN AND ARMED CONFLICT 1. In the past decade alone, armed conflicts are estimated to have claimed the lives of over two million children
More informationAction plan for the establishment of a monitoring, reporting and compliance mechanism
III. Action plan for the establishment of a monitoring, reporting and compliance mechanism A. Introduction 58. The present section of the report is in response to the request of the Security Council in
More informationConcept Paper on Facilitating Specification of the Duty to Protect
Concept Paper on Facilitating Specification of the Duty to Protect Prepared by John H. Knox for Special Representative John G. Ruggie * December 14, 2007 The duties of governments under international law
More informationINDONESIA Recommendations to Indonesia s Development Assistance Partners
INDONESIA Recommendations to Indonesia s Development Assistance Partners Thirty-three Steps Toward the Future of Human Rights in Indonesia As Indonesia enters a major political transition and recovers
More informationCOMMITTEE ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD. Forty-eighth session
UNITED NATIONS CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child Distr. GENERAL CRC/C/OPAC/USA/CO/1 25 June 2008 Original: ENGLISH COMMITTEE ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD Forty-eighth session CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS
More informationBearing in mind the report of the Secretary-General on children and armed conflict (S/2002/1299),
Situation of Human Rights in Myanmar Commission on Human Rights resolution 2003/12 The Commission on Human Rights, Guided by the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,
More informationUnited Nations and the American Bar Association
United Nations and the American Bar Association The American Bar Association s relationship with the United Nations is certainly neither a new nor limited development. As distinguished law professor and
More informationCOUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. Brussels, 4 December /03 COHOM 47 PESC 762 CIVCOM 201 COSDP 731. NOTE From : To :
COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION Brussels, 4 December 2003 15634/03 COHOM 47 PESC 762 CIVCOM 201 COSDP 731 NOTE From : To : Subject : Political and Security Committee (PSC) Coreper/Council EU Guidelines on
More informationEnsuring protection European Union Guidelines on Human Rights Defenders
Ensuring protection European Union Guidelines on Human Rights Defenders I. PURPOSE 1. Support for human rights defenders is already a long-established element of the European Union's human rights external
More informationSUBMISSION TO THE STANDING COMMITTEE ON LEGAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS INQUIRY INTO THE HUMAN RIGHTS (PARLIAMENTARY SCRUTINY) BILL
SUBMISSION TO THE STANDING COMMITTEE ON LEGAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS INQUIRY INTO THE HUMAN RIGHTS (PARLIAMENTARY SCRUTINY) BILL The Refugee Council of Australia (RCOA) is the national umbrella body
More informationUNITED NATIONS OFFICE OF THE UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS NATIONS UNIES HAUT COMMISSARIAT DES NATIONS UNIES AUX DROITS DE L HOMME
NATIONS UNIES HAUT COMMISSARIAT DES NATIONS UNIES AUX DROITS DE L HOMME PROCEDURES SPECIALES DU CONSEIL DES DROITS DE L HOMME UNITED NATIONS OFFICE OF THE UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS
More informationGRAND BAY (MAURITIUS) DECLARATION AND PLAN OF ACTION
GRAND BAY (MAURITIUS) DECLARATION AND PLAN OF ACTION The First OAU Ministerial Conference on Human Rights, meeting from 12 to 16 April, 1999 in Grand Bay, Mauritius; Considering that the promotion and
More informationAfghanistan Human rights challenges facing Afghanistan s National and Provincial Assemblies an open letter to candidates
Afghanistan Human rights challenges facing Afghanistan s National and Provincial Assemblies an open letter to candidates Afghanistan is at a critical juncture in its development as the Afghan people prepare
More informationCIVIL LIBERTIES, JUSTICE AND HOME AFFAIRS
BRIEFING NOTE Policy Department C Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs MINIMUM STANDARDS RELATING TO THE ELIGIBILITY FOR REFUGEE STATUS OR INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION AND CONTENT OF THESE STATUS ASSESSMENT
More informationSituation of women and girls in Afghanistan
ECOSOC Resolution 2002/4 Situation of women and girls in Afghanistan The Economic and Social Council, Guided by the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1 the International
More informationCONCEPT NOTE: Thematic briefing: Protecting women from violence through the UN Convention Against Torture
CONCEPT NOTE: Thematic briefing: Protecting women from violence through the UN Convention Against Torture 10.00 am-1.00 pm & 3.00pm-5.45 pm, 4 December 2018 Palais Wilson Introduction The UN Convention
More informationEU GUIDELINES on INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW
EU GUIDELINES on INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW Contents 1_ Purpose 127 2_ International humanitarian law (IHL) 127 Introduction 127 Evolution and sources of IHL 128 Scope of application 128 International
More informationOuagadougou Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings, Especially Women and Children As adopted by the Ministerial Conference on Migration
Ouagadougou Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings, Especially Women and Children As adopted by the Ministerial Conference on Migration and Development, Tripoli, 22-23 November 2006 Ouagadougou
More informationReport of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Compilation on South Africa Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights I. Scope of international obligations 1 1. International human rights treaties 2 Status during
More informationEU Turkey agreement: solving the EU asylum crisis or creating a new Calais in Bodrum?
EU Immigration and Asylum Law and Policy http://eumigrationlawblog.eu EU Turkey agreement: solving the EU asylum crisis or creating a new Calais in Bodrum? Posted By contentmaster On December 7, 2015 @
More informationEconomic and Social Council
UNITED NATIONS E Economic and Social Council Distr. GENERAL E/CN.4/Sub.2/2003/12/Rev.2 26 August 2003 Original: ENGLISH COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human
More informationTopic 1: Introduction to International Human Rights
Topic 1: Introduction to International Human Rights Basic principles of public international law - IL = the system of rules that governs relations between states - In theory, IL is created between individual
More informationResolution adopted by the General Assembly. [on the report of the Third Committee (A/65/456/Add.2 (Part II))]
United Nations A/RES/65/221 General Assembly Distr.: General 5 April 2011 Sixty-fifth session Agenda item 68 (b) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [on the report of the Third Committee (A/65/456/Add.2
More informationCCPR/C/USA/Q/4. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. United Nations
United Nations International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Distr.: General 29 April 2013 Original: English Human Rights Committee GE.13-43058 List of issues in relation to the fourth periodic
More informationUNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS KEY DATES
UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS KEY DATES AI INDEX: ACT 30/023/2008 DATE: 1 ST DECEMBER 2008 1948 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations 1951
More informationLegal tools to protect children
Critical issue module 1 Abuse and exploitation Topic 2 The law and child rights Handout 2 Legal tools to protect children The CRC accords all children, regardless of their legal status, the right to be
More informationMigrant Rights Centre Ireland
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Migrant Rights Centre Ireland Ireland Submission to the United Nations Universal Periodic Review Twelfth Session of the Working Group on the UPR Human Rights Council 6 th October 2011
More informationEnforced Disappearances - An Information Guide for Human Rights Defenders and CSOs
Enforced Disappearances - An Information Guide for Human Rights Defenders and CSOs Developed by Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights (ZLHR) January 2016 1 Table of Contents List of Acronyms 4 Acknowledgments
More informationHuman Rights A Compilation of International Instruments
ST/HR/1/Rev. 6 (Vol. I/Part 1) Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Geneva Human Rights A Compilation of International Instruments Volume I (First Part) Universal Instruments
More informationSummary of Report April 2007
Fostering a European Approach to Accountability for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and torture - Extraterritorial Jurisdiction and the European Union Summary of Report April 2007 There is
More informationIntroduction to Human Rights. Term 2, 2011 Course Guide. Mahidol University International College.
Introduction to Human Rights: ICSS 332 Term 2, 2011 Course Guide. Mahidol University International College Course Name: Lecturer: Introduction to Human Rights Dr Mike Hayes email: mhayesbkk@gmail.com frmgh@mahidol.ac.th
More informationBackground paper No.1. Legal and practical aspects of the return of persons not in need of international protection
The scope of the challenge Background paper No.1 Legal and practical aspects of the return of persons not in need of international protection Within the broader context of managing international migration,
More informationIMPORTANCE OF PREVENTING CONFLICT THROUGH DEVELOPMENT,
PRESS RELEASE SECURITY COUNCIL SC/8710 28 APRIL 2006 IMPORTANCE OF PREVENTING CONFLICT THROUGH DEVELOPMENT, DEMOCRACY STRESSED, AS SECURITY COUNCIL UNANIMOUSLY ADOPTS RESOLUTION 1674 (2006) 5430th Meeting
More informationSUBMISSION ON THE DRAFT GENERAL COMMENT BY THE UN COMMITTEE ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD REGARDING CHILD RIGHTS AND THE BUSINESS SECTOR
4th Floor, 9 Marshalsea Road, London SE1 1EP Tel/Fax: +44 (0)20 7367 4110/4129 Email: info@child-soldiers.org Web: www.child-soldiers.org Logo is registered on the Trade Marks Registry (no.2590778) Registered
More informationPERMANENT MISSION OF PORTUGAL GENEVA
Examination of the 5th and 6th periodic report of Portugal on the implementation of the United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment Geneva, 7
More informationB. The transfer of personal information to states with equivalent protection of fundamental rights
Contribution to the European Commission's consultation on a possible EU-US international agreement on personal data protection and information sharing for law enforcement purposes Summary 1. The transfer
More informationMyanmar: International Human Rights Commitments
Myanmar: International Human Rights Commitments Universal Periodic Review (1 st cycle documentation) 2 nd cycle Deadline for stakeholders and UN submissions 23 March 2015 (tentative) Deadline for national
More informationHUMAN RIGHTS FIRST SUBMISSION TO THE OFFICE OF THE HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS
HUMAN RIGHTS FIRST SUBMISSION TO THE OFFICE OF THE HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS UNIVERSAL PERIODIC REVIEW: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, NOVEMBER 26, 2010 1. Introduction This report is a submission
More informationTHEO VAN BANNING MAGDALENA SEPULVEDA GuDRUN D. GuDMUNDSDOTTIR AND CHRISTINE CHAMOUN HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUMENTS
THEO VAN BANNING MAGDALENA SEPULVEDA GuDRUN D. GuDMUNDSDOTTIR AND CHRISTINE CHAMOUN HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Introduction Selection iii v vii 1. GLOBAL INSTRUMENTS ON HUMAN RIGHTS...
More informationRights of migrants the Universal Declaration of Human Rights the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights the International Cove
RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF MIGRANTS Martina Bolečekov eková Rights of migrants the Universal Declaration of Human Rights the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights the International
More informationHuman Rights Council. Protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism
Human Rights Council Resolution 7/7. Protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism The Human Rights Council, Recalling its decision 2/112 and its resolution 6/28, and also
More information1. 4. Legal Framework for United Nations Peacekeeping. L e s s o n
M o d u l e 1 : A n O v e r v i e w o f U n i t e d N a t i o n s P e a c e k e e p i n g O p e r a t i o n s L e s s o n 1. 4 Legal Framework for United Nations Peacekeeping Relevance Peacekeeping personnel:
More informationSYLLABUS for PACE 485 (Distributed January 2008) Topics in Peace and Conflict Resolution: Section 2: HUMAN RIGHTS AND PEACE
SYLLABUS for PACE 485 (Distributed January 2008) Topics in Peace and Conflict Resolution: Section 2: HUMAN RIGHTS AND PEACE Spring 2008 Tuesday and Thursday 3:00 4:15 p.m. Meeting Room: Web. 103 Instructor
More informationChapter One: The Fundamentals of Human Rights
01 04 11 11 19 23 30 32 33 Chapter One: The Fundamentals of Human Rights 1.1 What are Human Rights? 1.1.1 Being Human 1.1.2 The Rights of Humans 1.1.3 The Foundations of Human Rights 1.2 Fundamental Human
More informationFiji Comments on the Discussion Paper on implementation of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction... 1 1. Incorporating crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court... 2 (a) genocide... 2 (b) crimes against humanity... 2 (c) war crimes... 3 (d) Implementing other crimes
More informationHUMAN RIGHTS AND DISCRIMINATION
HUMAN RIGHTS AND DISCRIMINATION All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
More informationDemocracy and Human Rights 5 October Add a new paragraph after preambular paragraph 1 to read as follows:
139 th IPU ASSEMBLY AND RELATED MEETINGS Geneva, 14-18.10.2018 Standing Committee on C-III/139/DR-am Democracy and Human Rights 5 October 2018 Strengthening inter-parliamentary cooperation on migration
More informationAnnex 2: International and regional human rights instruments relevant to the governance of tenure
Annex 2: New Version (18.01.2012) based on recommendation of LHG 1 Annex 2: International and regional human rights instruments relevant to the governance of tenure Note: Instructions from the Language
More informationREGIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMPUNITY, JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS BAMAKO DECLARATION
REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMPUNITY, JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS BAMAKO DECLARATION The participants of the Regional Conference on Impunity, Justice and Human Rights gathered in Bamako from 2 to 4 December 2011:
More informationAN INFORMAL CONVERSATION ON INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, HUMAN RIGHTS AND GOVERNANCE
AN INFORMAL CONVERSATION ON INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, HUMAN RIGHTS AND GOVERNANCE Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Global Migration Policy Associates Salle IV, World Ecumenical Centre,
More informationUsing International Standards Beyond the ECHR. UN and Council of Europe Human Rights Instruments
PILS Project/PILA Annual Conference, June 2012 1 Using International Standards Beyond the ECHR UN and Council of Europe Human Rights Instruments Michael Farrell Senior Solicitor Free Legal Advice Centres,
More informationThe human right to adequate housing in Timor-Leste
The human right to adequate housing in Timor-Leste Why is a secure place to live important? to an individual to a family to a community to a society Jean du Plessis, 02-06-2009 jeanduplessis@sai.co.za
More informationHUMAN INTERNATIONAL LAW
SESSION 8 HUMAN INTERNATIONAL LAW HUMAN RIGHTS GENEVA CONVENTIONS HUMAN INTERNATIONAL LAW SESSION 8 Human rights Geneva Conventions Human rights: an overview International human rights law began as a response
More informationTowering Monument or Crumbling Relic?
Madeleine Lusted René Cassin Human Writes Essay Competition 2018 shortlisted Competition judge Joshua Rozenberg comments: She selects a key article in the UDHR and rightly draws attention to the declaration's
More informationResponse of the Slovak Republic to Questionnaire on domestic servitude
Response of the Slovak Republic to Questionnaire on domestic servitude Question 1: Slovak national legal framework criminalises all contemporary forms of slavery. National legislation is based on international
More informationItaly s contribution pursuant to HRC resolution 24/16 on The role of prevention in the promotion and protection of human rights
MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Inter-ministerial Committee for Human Rights Italy s contribution pursuant to HRC resolution 24/16 on The role of prevention in the promotion and
More informationUNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL 14th Session of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review 22 October to 5 November 2012
UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL 14th Session of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review 22 October to 5 November 2012 INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION OF JURISTS (ICJ) SUBMISSION TO THE UNIVERSAL
More informationComments of the EU Fundamental Rights Agency. Employment and Recruitment Agencies Sector Discussion Paper. Introduction
Comments of the EU Fundamental Rights Agency on the Employment and Recruitment Agencies Sector Discussion Paper of 23 May 2012, produced by The Institute for Human Rights and Business (IHRB) & Shift Introduction
More informationKEYNOTE STATEMENT Mr. Ivan Šimonović, Assistant Secretary General for Human Rights. human rights while countering terrorism ********
CTITF Working Group on Protecting Human Rights while Countering Terrorism Expert Symposium On Securing the Fundamental Principles of a Fair Trial for Persons Accused of Terrorist Offences Bangkok, Thailand
More informationThe International Human Rights Framework and Sexual and Reproductive Rights
The International Human Rights Framework and Sexual and Reproductive Rights Charlotte Campo Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research charlottecampo@gmail.com Training Course in Sexual and Reproductive
More informationResponsibility to Protect Engaging Civil Society A Project of the World Federalist Movement s Program on Preventing Conflicts -Protecting Civilians
Responsibility to Protect Engaging Civil Society A Project of the World Federalist Movement s Program on Preventing Conflicts -Protecting Civilians SUMMARY OF THE RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT: THE REPORT
More information26/21 Promotion of the right of migrants to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
` United Nations General Assembly Distr.: General 17 July 2014 Original: English A/HRC/RES/26/21 Human Rights Council Twenty-sixth session Agenda item 3 Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil,
More informationCandidature of the Republic of Angola to the Human Rights Council. Term
Candidature of the Republic of Angola to the Human Rights Council Term 2018-2020 Voluntary pledges and commitments pursuant to General Assembly resolution 60/251 Introduction a) In line with its internal
More informationThursday, November 1, 2012
NGO in Special Consultative Status with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations www.lrwc.org lrwc@portal.ca Tel: +1 604 738 0338 Fax: +1 604 736 1175 3220 West 13 th Avenue, Vancouver, B.C.
More informationSouth Asia Training of Trainers on CEDAW
South Asia Training of Trainers on CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women) A Report September 25-29, 2006 Retreat, TERI Gram, Gurgaon ORGANISED BY Partners for
More informationNational Action Plan to Implement United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 Women, Peace and Security in the Republic of Serbia ( )
National Action Plan to Implement United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 Women, Peace and Security in the Republic of Serbia () Graphic design and pre-press COMMA communications design Printed
More informationContemporary Issues in International Law. Syllabus Golden Gate University School of Law Spring
Contemporary Issues in International Law Syllabus Golden Gate University School of Law Spring - 2011 This is a fourteen (14) week designed to provide students with the opportunity to understand how principles
More informationA WORLD COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS MANFRED NOWAK AND JULIA KOZMA
A WORLD COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS MANFRED NOWAK AND JULIA KOZMA Draft Statute of the World Court of Human Rights Part 1: Establishment of the Court Article 1: The Court 1. A World Court of Human Rights ( the
More informationInternational Human Rights Law & The Administration of Justice: Issues & Challenges
International Human Rights Law & The Administration of Justice: Issues & Challenges Presentation to the Judicial Colloquium on Human Rights organized by the Human Rights Commission of Malaysia (SUHAKAM)
More informationWhere are we now? Developments in the International Protection of Human Rights
Where are we now? Developments in the International Protection of Human Rights Bacre Ndiaye Let me congratulate you and your colleagues of the University of Essex (UoE) on the occasion of the 25 th anniversary
More informationEU input to the UN Secretary-General's report on the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration
EU input to the UN Secretary-General's report on the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration The future Global Compact on Migration should be a non-legally binding document resulting from
More informationInternational Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
United Nations International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families Distr.: General 31 May 2016 English Original: French CMW/C/MRT/CO/1 Committee
More informationInternational Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
United Nations International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families Distr.: General 11 October 2016 Original: English CMW/C/NIC/CO/1 Committee on
More informationOPEN LETTER TO THE PRESIDENT-ELECT OF THE UNITED STATES DONALD J TRUMP FROM THE INTERNATIONAL BAR ASSOCIATION S HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTE
10 December 2016 President-Elect Trump Trump Tower 725 Fifth Avenue New York NY 10022 USA OPEN LETTER TO THE PRESIDENT-ELECT OF THE UNITED STATES DONALD J TRUMP FROM THE INTERNATIONAL BAR ASSOCIATION S
More informationIII. Main areas of concern and recommendations
UN CRC CRC/C/SWE/CO/4 29 June 1990 4 February 2015 http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/download.aspx?symbolno=crc%2fc%2fswe%2 fco%2f5&lang=en III. Main areas of concern and recommendations
More informationExaminers Report June GCE Government and Politics 6GP03 3D
Examiners Report June 2011 GCE Government and Politics 6GP03 3D Edexcel is one of the leading examining and awarding bodies in the UK and throughout the world. We provide a wide range of qualifications
More informationREPORT FORM PROTOCOL OF 2014 TO THE FORCED LABOUR CONVENTION, 1930
Appl. 22. P.29 Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labour Convention, 1930 INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE REPORT FORM FOR THE PROTOCOL OF 2014 TO THE FORCED LABOUR CONVENTION, 1930 The present report form is for
More informationConcluding observations on the combined sixth and seventh periodic reports of Luxembourg*
United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment Distr.: General 3 June 2015 Original: English CAT/C/LUX/CO/6-7 Committee against Torture Concluding
More informationInternational Civil Liberties Monitoring Group (ICLMG) Canadian NGO Coalition Shadow Brief
International Civil Liberties Monitoring Group (ICLMG) Canadian NGO Coalition Shadow Brief Submission of Information by the ICLMG to the Committee Against Torture (CAT) for the Examination of Canada s
More informationISHR S SUMMARIES OF DOCUMENTS FOR THE RESUMED 6 TH SESSION OF THE COUNCIL, DECEMBER
ISHR S SUMMARIES OF DOCUMENTS FOR THE RESUMED 6 TH SESSION OF THE COUNCIL, 10-14 DECEMBER Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while
More information5. Western Europe and Others E. Persons with disability F. Professional background Academic Sector
TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction... 4 1. Treaty provisions about diversity in treaty body membership... 4 A. Nationality, moral standing and personal capacity... 4 B. Representation... 5 C. Subject-matter
More informationExam Questions By Year IR 214. How important was soft power in ending the Cold War?
Exam Questions By Year IR 214 2005 How important was soft power in ending the Cold War? What does the concept of an international society add to neo-realist or neo-liberal approaches to international relations?
More informationHUMANITARIAN. Health 11. Not specified 59 OECD/DAC
#109 FINLAND Group 1 PRINCIPLED PARTNERS OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE HRI 2011 Ranking 9th 0.55% AID of GNI of ODA P4 19.6% US $49 6.69 P5 4.34 6.03 5.27 P3 7.52 P1 5.33 P2 Per person AID DISTRIBUTION
More informationConcluding observations on the third periodic report of Belgium*
United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment Distr.: General 3 January 2014 English Original: French CAT/C/BEL/CO/3 Committee against Torture
More informationTHE GLOBAL IDP SITUATION IN A CHANGING HUMANITARIAN CONTEXT
THE GLOBAL IDP SITUATION IN A CHANGING HUMANITARIAN CONTEXT STATEMENT BY KHALID KOSER DEPUTY DIRECTOR BROOKINGS-BERN PROJECT ON INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT UNICEF GLOBAL WORKSHOP ON IDPS 4 SEPTEMBER 2007 DEAD
More information7 September 2004 MLC/SB/am
International Chamber of Commerce The world business organization The Secretary General Dzidek Kedzia Chief, Research and Right to Development Branch Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights United
More informationBriefing paper on Namibia s. Prevention and Combating of Torture Bill. March 2016
Briefing paper on Namibia s Prevention and Combating of Torture Bill March 2016 1. The Redress Trust (REDRESS) 1 presents these comments on Namibia s Prevention and Combating of Torture Bill (the Bill)
More informationConvention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
UNITED NATIONS CAT Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment Distr. GENERAL CAT/C/NZL/CO/5 4 June 2009 Original: ENGLISH COMMITTEE AGAINST TORTURE Forty-second
More informationHuman Rights Council Topic A: The question of the death penalty
Human Rights Council Topic A: The question of the death penalty Although use of the death penalty has been quite common throughout history, only 94 States still maintain the death penalty in their legal
More information