Work Period: Immigration and the Progressive Era Notes Political Cartoon Analysis EOC Coach Activity

Transcription

1 USHC 4.0 DEMONSTRATE AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ON SOCIETY AND POLITICS DURING THE 2 ND HALF O THE 19 TH CENTURY AND EARLY 20 TH CENTURY Opening: Complete pages in your Reading Study Guide. What you do not complete is for homework! Work Period: Immigration and the Progressive Era Notes Political Cartoon Analysis EOC Coach Activity Closing/HOMEWORK: Quizzes.

2 OBJECTIVES Explain the causes and effects of urbanization in late 19 th Century America Compare the women s suffrage movement and the Progressive Movement

3 DEVELOPMENT OF CITIES Cities developed first as centers of trade, then an transportation hubs and then as centers of industrial production

4 Affected by technological innovations such as the elevator, steel girders, suspension bridges, electric trolley cars, elevated tracks, and subways Grow upward and outward

5 Populations grew as people moved from farms to cities Farm technology allowed farmers to produce more and sell it or less Many farmers defaulted on loans, lost their land, and moved to cities to find work (USHC 4.4) Others came to cities for rich cultural life and excitement *Most people still lived outside of cities before 1920

6 EUROPEANS Between 1870 and 1920, about 20 million Europeans arrived in the United States Before 1890, most were from western and northern Europe After 1890, most came from southern and eastern Europe All were looking for opportunity

7 FRICTION DEVELOPS Some immigrants tried to assimilate into American culture Many were too poor to move beyond the city and ethnic communities developed Many immigrants helped others find jobs Churches, schools, businesses, and newspapers reflected ethnicity of Little Italy, Greektown, or Polonia Chinatowns are found in many major cities today

8 IMMIGRANT RESTRICTIONS As immigration increased, so did anti-immigrant feelings among natives Nativism (favoritism toward native-born Americans) led to anti-immigrant organizations and governmental restrictions against immigration Anti-Asian feelings included restaurant boycotts

9 IMMIGRANTS AFFECTING POLITICS People voted for those who helped them to find jobs and housing Huge impact on city politics Immigrants gave votes to neighborhood and ward bosses in gratitude for their help

10 POLITICS IN THE GILDED AGE As cities grew in the late 19 th century, so did political machines Political machines controlled the activities of a political party in a city Ward bosses, precinct captains, and the city boss worked to ensure their candidate was elected

11 ROLE OF THE POLITICAL BOSS The Boss (typically the mayor) controlled jobs, business licenses, and influenced the court system Precinct captains and ward bosses were often 1 st or 2 nd generation immigrants so they helped immigrants with naturalization, jobs, and housing in exchange for votes Boss Tweed ran NYC

12 URBAN PROBLEMS Problems in American cities in the late 19 th and early 20 th century included: Housing: overcrowded tenements were unsanitary Sanitation: garbage was often not collected, polluted air Famous photographer Jacob Riis captured the struggle of living in crowded tenements

13 Harper s Weekly image of Chicagoans fleeing the fire over the Randolph Street bridge in 1871 Transportation: Cities struggled to provide adequate transit systems Water: Without safe drinking water cholera and typhoid fever was common Crime: As populations increased thieves flourished Fire: Limited water supply and wooden structures combined with the use of candles led to many major urban fires Chicago 1871 and San Francisco 1906 were two major fires

14 PHOTOGRAPHER JACOB RIIS CAPTURED IMAGES OF THE CITY

15 Jacob Riis

16 Jacob Riis

17 Jacob Riis

18 Jacob Riis

19 Jacob Riis

20 Jacob Riis

21 AFRICAN AMERICAN MIGRATION 1890 s migration of African Americans from the south Why? 1.Poor cotton yields due to soil exhaustion 2. Boll weevil 3. Discrimination of Jim Crow laws 4. Intimidation and lynchings

22 As farm prices fell, African Americans moved to the cities, but mill towns of the South were not open to them Went to the West in search of land and to Northern and Midwestern cities Last to be hired, first to be fired Strikebreakers Segregated neighborhoods

23 ACTIVITY

24 PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT Progressive Movement developed as concerned citizens organized into civic groups In response to conditions in cities and workplaces Movement of the middle class who objected to paying taxes to corrupt city governments and desired better city services Late 19 th century

25 PROGRESSIVE MEDIA Also a result of the media Muckrakers wrote about problems that were hidden and exposed them Made available to the public through cheap newspapers and books They Raked the Muck or cleaned up the dirt and corruption in the world. Wrote about societal problems: Corrupt political machines Plight of Native American, immigrants, workers Power of monopolies

26 UPTON SINCLAIR Sinclair was a muckraker who wrote a book, The Jungle, about the meatpacking industry Sinclair wanted to show the public how the workers were mistreated

27 WOMEN AND PROGRESSIVES In the late 1800 s women had less responsibilities: More children spent time in school Men worked away from home Technology helped with housework

28 In 1910, 40% of the people in colleges were women Between 1890 and 1910, the number of women working outside the home went from 4 million to 7.5 million Many women became role models for others.

29 Suffrage is the right to vote. SUFFRAGE A person who fought for the women s right to vote was a Suffragist This was initiated by the Seneca Falls Convention (1848) Women were frustrated in having no influence in solving problems of city life and the workplace

30 Desire to vote intensified because: 1. More women entered college 2. Had new opportunities in factories and offices 3. Western states generally allowed women to vote (appreciation for women as pioneers) - Wyoming was the first to grant women suffrage

31 WOMEN S GROUPS The National American Women s Suffrage Association fought for an amendment to the constitution Founded by Carrie Chapman Catt The National Association of Colored Women was founded to secure civil rights for African American women.

32 Many men, and some women, were against suffrage Many thought it would upset society s Natural Balance, and lead to divorce and neglected children. Also opposed by the political bosses and liquor industry OPPOSITION

33 FIGHT FOR AN AMENDMENT Catt s organization was disrupted as other women lobbied for a constitutional amendment Alice Paul led the National Women s Party which engaged in marches and picketed the White House Attacked by men, jailed, force fed She met with President Woodrow Wilson in 1917, but was unable to get his support.

34 19 TH AMENDMENT The Senate passed the 19 th Amendment in 1920, which gave women the right to vote. Due to activism and the contribution women made to WWI as nurses, factory laborers, and public workers

35 Few women ran for political office or were treated equally in the workplace Alice Paul campaigned for an Equal Rights Amendment

36 JANE ADDAMS Jane Addams created the Hull House where immigrants could take vocational classes and receive childcare Advocated protection for child laborers State laws limited hours and conditions for workers Federal child labor law was passed Supreme Court ruled child labor legislation unconstitutional

37 ACTIVITY Turn to page 76 in the EOC Coach Book. Read and answer the question in the Show What You Know section.