Gender Equality and Development: The Role of Legislation
|
|
- Jordan Anderson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Gender Equality and Development: The Role of Legislation Mamta Murthi The World Bank Group 28 November 2013 THE WORLD BANK
2 Outline Gender gaps in Europe and Central Asia Gender and development Understanding the root causes of gender equality Framework Legislation and access to economic opportunities Labor laws Beyond labor laws Policy discussion
3 I. Gender gaps in ECA Small gaps in human capital endowments 8% Gaps in gross enrollment rates: male enrollment female enrollment The gender gap in education in ECA is minimal 4% 0% -4% EAP ECA EU LAC MNA SAS SSA World -8% Source: World Development Indicators, 2011 Primary Secondary
4 I. Gender gaps in ECA but significant and persistent gaps in access to economic opportunity 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 100% 80% 60% 40% Persistent employment segregation by sector Female Male Large gaps in participation rates 20% 0% Female Male Agriculture Industry Services Source: World Bank GenderStats, Notes: population 15+ Source: World Bank GenderStats, 2010.
5 II. Gender and development Gender equality matters for development in its own right Because of its impact on the wellbeing and prosperity of societies. Gender inequality Has economic costs Shortchanges the next generation Leads to institutions and policies that are unrepresentative
6 III. Framework for understanding gender equality How do we explain gender inequality Underlying causes of gender inequality policie s INFORMAL INSTITUTI ONS Gender Equality ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES MARKETS HOUSEHO LDS AGENCY ENDOWMENTS FORMAL INSTITUTIONS
7 IV. Labor laws Half of countries in the region impose restrictions on women s employment 1.6 billion women live in economies with restrictions on the types of jobs they can do
8 IV. Labor laws and restrictions are associated with lower labor force participation and access to jobs The average female labor force participation rate in economies with restrictions on the types of jobs women can do is 53% The average female labor force participation rate in economies without restrictions on the types of jobs women can do is 66% Source: Women, Business and the Law database, World Development Indicators database
9 IV. Labor laws An example: Russia Women are restricted from working in 456 different jobs As a results significant sector and occupational segregation in employment with women clustering in low productivity sectors This translates into lower earnings and ultimately a gender wage of 31% Education Education Health Health and social work and social work Wholesale and retail and trade; retail repairs trade; repairs Real estate, renting, and business activities Real estate, renting and business activities Manufacturing Manufacturin g Public administration and defence and defense Agriculture, hunting hunting, and forestry and forestry storage and communications Transport, storage, and communications Construction Sector segregation 0% 50% 100% *raw gender wage gap, 2010 Source: KILM 2008 Source: OECD employment database and RLMS
10 V. Beyond labor laws Non-labor legislation can also impact women s access to economic opportunities Length of paid parental leave (weeks) Length of paid maternity leave (weeks) Legislation does not specifically addresses domestic violence (% of countries) Non-pregnant and non-nursing women cannot do the same jobs as men (% of countries) Europe and Central Asia OECD Sons and daughters have equal inheritance rights to property (% of countries) Source: Women, Business, and the Law 2013
11 V. Beyond labor laws Gender neutral laws can be gender blind and legislation can have a transformative impact Gender Neutral During the 1990s, several countries including Finland, France, and Hungary, made it possible for parents to stay home with their children for up to three years. In both France and Norway, these policies have led to a significant reduction in maternal employment rates during the set leave periods. An OECD study also shows that the provision and gradual lengthening of paid leave have contributed to a widening in the gender pay gap of full-time employees. Transformative Policies that provide both paternity and maternity leave and make the former mandatory (as in Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) have the advantage of not being biased against women while also helping to shift the underlying norms about care. Source: Farre, Lidia. Critical literature review Source: World Development Report 2012
12 VI. Policy (Female) champions make a difference Effects are strong both in cross-country comparisons and in trends within In this study of 100 countries, effects on labor constraints countries over-time are strong both in cross-country comparisons and in trends within countries over-time Hallward-Driemeier, Hasan and Rusu, 2013
13 VI. Policy discussion What should we do to close the gaps? Focus on gaps that do not disappear with growth Target determinants of gender inequality (sometimes multiple e.g. employment segregation) Remember that gender neutral can be gender blind
14 VI. Policy discussion Specific policy areas to increase women s economic opportunities Formal Institutions Reform family and inheritance laws that restrict women s property rights and secure enforcement mechanisms Eliminate institutional barriers, e.g., reforming labor laws that treat men/women differently Households Provide affordable quality child care Promote flexible work arrangements: part-time, home-based work Informal Institutions Promote paternity leave to make parental leave a gender-neutral affair Markets Target discrimination in labor markets to increase women s participation in male occupations/sectors, and formal employment Expand of access to formal credit (beyond microfinance), combined with training
15 VI. Policy discussion What can the WBG do to support this process? Advancing global knowledge. This means: helping to fill major data gaps, which can help to link legal reform to positive economic outcomes for women Strengthening the evidence-base on what works, and what doesn t, to improve gender equality and women s empowerment in the world of work Production of public goods (e.g. the generation or dissemination of new knowledge) Facilitation of knowledge sharing and learning Channeling resources from rich countries to developing countries Support coordination across different national and international actors to promote adoption and enhance effectiveness of policies.
Promoting women s participation in economic activity: A global picture
Promoting women s participation in economic activity: A global picture Ana Revenga Senior Director Poverty and Equity Global Practice, The World Bank Lima, June 27, 2016 Presentation Outline 1. Why should
More informationGender effects of the crisis on labor market in six European countries
Gender effects of the crisis on labor market in six European countries Hélène Périvier Marion Cochard et Gérard Cornilleau OECD meeting, 06-20-2011 helene.perivier@ofce.sciences-po.fr marion.cochard@ofce.sciences-po.fr
More informationLow fertility in Europe: Regional contrasts and policy responses
Low fertility in Europe: Regional contrasts and policy responses Tomáš Sobotka Vienna Institute of Demography (Austrian Academy of Sciences), Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital
More informationWork-life balance, gender inequality and health outcomes
Work-life balance, gender inequality and health outcomes Findings from the 5 th European Working Conditions Survey Gijs van Houten Eurofound 5 th International FOHNEU Congress on Occupational Health Tarragona,
More informationEMPOWERMENT AND ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES: WHAT MATTERS AND FOR WHOM?
EMPOWERMENT AND ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES: WHAT MATTERS AND FOR WHOM? Mary Hallward-Driemeier, DECFP February 18, 2014 Empowerment and economic opportunities 2 Being able to make choices, to have the incentive
More informationGENDER EQUALITY IN THE
GENDER EQUALITY IN THE WORLD OF WORK: TRENDS AND CHALLENGES IN MENA REGION Simel Esim, Senior Technical Specialist, ILO Presentation for Promoting Job Quality and Productive Employment in the Middle East
More informationMoldova Country Gender Action Plan (CGAP)
Moldova Country Gender Action Plan (CGAP) Donor coordination meeting, Chisinau, Moldova March 30, 2017 Presentation Outline What is the Country Gender Action Plan (CGAP)? The CGAP Process Output 1: Synthesis
More informationGender in the South Caucasus: A Snapshot of Key Issues and Indicators 1
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Gender in the South Caucasus: A Snapshot of Key Issues and Indicators 1 Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia have made progress in many gender-related
More informationWomen, Business and the Law 2016 Getting to Equal
Women, Business and the Law 2016 Getting to Equal AUGUSTO LOPEZ CLAROS AUGUSTO LOPEZ CLAROS WASHINGTON, DC PRIVATE SECTOR LIAISON OFFICERS (PSLO) NETWORK WEBINAR SEPTEMBER 9, 2015 MARCH 30, 2016 ENHANCING
More informationGender pay gap in public services: an initial report
Introduction This report 1 examines the gender pay gap, the difference between what men and women earn, in public services. Drawing on figures from both Eurostat, the statistical office of the European
More informationWho wants to be an entrepreneur?
entrepreneurship Key findings: Sweden Who wants to be an entrepreneur? Entrepreneurship is crucial to economic development, promoting social integration and reducing inequalities. OECD Entrepreneurship
More informationWomen s Economic Empowerment: a Crucial Step towards Sustainable Economic Development
Briefing note National Assembly s Secretariat General Women s Economic Empowerment: a Crucial Step towards Sustainable Economic Development Researcher In charge : Ms. KEM Keothyda July 2016 Parliamentary
More informationLabour Force Structure. Employment. Unemployment. Outside Labour Force Population and Economic Dependency Ratio
210 Statistical Yearbook of Abu Dhabi 2016 Labour Force. 5 Labour Force Structure Employment Unemployment Outside Labour Force Population and Economic Dependency Ratio Statistical Yearbook of Abu Dhabi
More informationMENA Women in the Economy Rabat, December 8-9, 2005
MENA Women in the Economy Rabat, December 8-9, 2005 Nadereh Chamlou Senior Advisor to the Chief Economist Economic and Sector Work The Middle East and North Africa Region Definitions Millennium Development
More informationTrends in Labor Markets in FYR Macedonia: A Gender Lens
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Trends in Labor Markets in FYR Macedonia: A Gender Lens 218 Public Disclosure Authorized Table of Contents Executive
More informationInclusion and Gender Equality in China
Inclusion and Gender Equality in China 12 June 2017 Disclaimer: The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development
More informationThe Gender Wage Gap in Urban Areas of Bangladesh:
The Gender Wage Gap in Urban Areas of Bangladesh: Using Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition and Quantile Regression Approaches Muhammad Shahadat Hossain Siddiquee PhD Researcher, Global Development Institute
More informationGLOBAL WAGE REPORT 2016/17
GLOBAL WAGE REPORT 2016/17 WAGE INEQUALITY IN THE WORKPLACE Patrick Belser Senior Economist, ILO Belser@ilo.org Outline Part I: Major Trends in Wages Global trends Wages, productivity and labour shares
More informationGender Segregation in Occupation and Education in Kosovo
Gender Segregation in Occupation and Education in Kosovo Theranda Beqiri, PhD Cand. SEEU Lecturer, University Haxhi Zeka, Kosovo Prof. Dr. Nasir Selimi South East European University, R.Macedonia Doi:10.5901/ajis.2015.v4n2p511
More informationThe Global Economic Crisis Sectoral coverage
Working Paper No. 271 The Global Economic Crisis Sectoral coverage Trends in Employment and Working Conditions by Economic Activity Statistical Update Third quarter 2009 Sectoral Activities Department
More informationMeasuring Social Inclusion
Measuring Social Inclusion Measuring Social Inclusion Social inclusion is a complex and multidimensional concept that cannot be measured directly. To represent the state of social inclusion in European
More informationOpportunities for Men and Women: Emerging Europe and Central Asia
Report No. 65189 Public Disclosure Authorized Opportunities for Men and Women: Emerging Europe and Central Asia December 6, 211 Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Unit Europe and Central Asia Region
More informationEuropean Integration Consortium. IAB, CMR, frdb, GEP, WIFO, wiiw. Labour mobility within the EU in the context of enlargement and the functioning
European Integration Consortium IAB, CMR, frdb, GEP, WIFO, wiiw Labour mobility within the EU in the context of enlargement and the functioning of the transitional arrangements VC/2007/0293 Deliverable
More informationFINAL CONFERENCE Strategies against Gender Pay Gapping, of the project Gender Pay Gap: New Solutions to an old problem
FINAL CONFERENCE Strategies against Gender Pay Gapping, of the project Gender Pay Gap: New Solutions to an old problem June 8 th 2016, in Zagreb, Croatia Introduction speech of Ombudsperson for Gender
More informationThe World Bank s Twin Goals
The World Bank s Twin Goals Reduce extreme poverty to 3% or less of the global population by 2030 Boosting Shared Prosperity: promoting consumption/income growth of the bottom 40% in every country 2 these
More informationDimensions of Poverty in MNA. Mustapha Nabli, Chief Economist Middle East and North Africa Region The World Bank
Dimensions of Poverty in MNA Mustapha Nabli, Chief Economist Middle East and North Africa Region The World Bank Distribution of the world population living on less than PPP US$ 1 a day (total 1.2 billion)
More informationSetting the Scene: The South African Informal Sector. Caroline Skinner Urban Informality and Migrant Entrepreneurship
Setting the Scene: The South African Informal Sector Caroline Skinner Urban Informality and Migrant Entrepreneurship International Statistics South African Context Labour Market Policy Context Size and
More informationThe World Bank s Twin Goals
The World Bank s Twin Goals Reduce extreme poverty to 3% or less of the global population by 2030 Boosting Shared Prosperity: promoting consumption/income growth of the bottom 40% in every country 2 these
More informationEconomic and Social Council
UNITED NATIONS E Economic and Social Council Distr. GENERAL 20 August 2007 ENGLISH Original: SPANISH Substantive session of 2007 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL
More informationQatar. Switzerland Russian Federation Saudi Arabia Brazil. New Zealand India Pakistan Philippines Nicaragua Chad Yemen
Figure 25: GDP per capita vs Gobal Gender Gap Index 214 GDP GDP per capita per capita, (constant PPP (constant 25 international 211 international $) $) 15, 12, 9, 6, Sweden.5.6.7.8.9 Global Gender Gap
More informationCan free-trade policies help to reduce gender inequalities in employment and wages?
Janneke Pieters Wageningen University, the Netherlands, and IZA, Germany Trade liberalization and gender inequality Can free-trade policies help to reduce gender inequalities in employment and wages? Keywords:
More informationEquality between women and men in the EU
1 von 8 09.07.2015 13:13 Case Id: 257d6b6c-68bc-48b3-bf9e-18180eec75f1 Equality between women and men in the EU Fields marked with are mandatory. About you Are you replying to this consultation in a professional
More informationEconomic and Social Council
United Nations E/CN.6/2010/L.5 Economic and Social Council Distr.: Limited 9 March 2010 Original: English Commission on the Status of Women Fifty-fourth session 1-12 March 2010 Agenda item 3 (c) Follow-up
More informationDemographic Change and Economic Growth in the BRICS: Dividend, Drag or Disaster?
Demographic Change and Economic Growth in the BRICS: Dividend, Drag or Disaster? Presentation based on the 215/16 Global Monitoring Report (GMR) www.worldbank.org/gmr Philip Schellekens Lead Economist,
More informationIncome and wealth inequalities
Understanding the World Economy Master in Economics and Business Income and wealth inequalities Lecture 4 Nicolas Coeurdacier nicolas.coeurdacier@sciencespo.fr People care about inequalities--- the Ultimatum
More informationData on gender pay gap by education level collected by UNECE
United Nations Working paper 18 4 March 2014 Original: English Economic Commission for Europe Conference of European Statisticians Group of Experts on Gender Statistics Work Session on Gender Statistics
More informationGender at Work Emerging Messages
Gender at Work Emerging Messages Jeni Klugman World Bank Group October 12, 2013 Annual Meetings Washington, DC In the World of Work Key messages 1. Gender equality is integral to the WBG s twin goals of
More informationOverview Gender and Development in the Middle East and North Africa: Women and the Public Sphere
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Overview Gender and Development in the Middle East and North Africa: Women and the Public
More informationHIGHLIGHTS. There is a clear trend in the OECD area towards. which is reflected in the economic and innovative performance of certain OECD countries.
HIGHLIGHTS The ability to create, distribute and exploit knowledge is increasingly central to competitive advantage, wealth creation and better standards of living. The STI Scoreboard 2001 presents the
More informationGender and Social Exclusion in Education
Gender and Social Exclusion in Education Marlaine Lockheed IHSP Conference Educational Equity: Global and National Strategies May 1-2, 2009 2 What I will discuss today The global gender equity challenge:
More informationHow Does Aid Support Women s Economic Empowerment?
How Does Aid Support Women s Economic Empowerment? OECD DAC NETWORK ON GENDER EQUALITY (GENDERNET) 2018 Key messages Overall bilateral aid integrating (mainstreaming) gender equality in all sectors combined
More informationFP048: Low Emissions and Climate Resilient Agriculture Risk Sharing Facility. Guatemala, Mexico IDB B.18/04
FP048: Low Emissions and Climate Resilient Agriculture Risk Sharing Facility Guatemala, Mexico IDB B.18/04 28 September 2017 Gender documents for FP048 GENDER ASSESMENT Mexico ranks 66 out of 145 countries
More informationGender Equality GENDER EQUALITY ALTERNATIVE FEDERAL BUDGET 2017 HIGH STAKES CLEAR CHOICES. Background
Gender Equality ALTERNATIVE FEDERAL BUDGET 2017 GENDER EQUALITY HIGH STAKES Women make up 47% of the paid workforce in Canada, are more likely to have post-secondary training, and earn on average 30% less
More informationIs Economic Development Good for Gender Equality? Income Growth and Poverty
Is Economic Development Good for Gender Equality? February 25 and 27, 2003 Income Growth and Poverty Evidence from many countries shows that while economic growth has not eliminated poverty, the share
More informationHow does education affect the economy?
2. THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL BENEFITS OF EDUCATION How does education affect the economy? More than half of the GDP growth in OECD countries over the past decade is related to labour income growth among
More informationDoes Paternity Leave Matter for Female Employment in Developing Economies?
Policy Research Working Paper 7588 WPS7588 Does Paternity Leave Matter for Female Employment in Developing Economies? Evidence from Firm Data Mohammad Amin Asif Islam Alena Sakhonchik Public Disclosure
More informationINDIA-EU DIALOGUE ON MIGRATION AND MOBILITY
INDIA-EU DIALOGUE ON MIGRATION AND MOBILITY Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER) Rajat Kathuria, Director and CE rkathuria@icrier.res.in 26 September 2017 OVERVIEW oexploring
More informationPublic consultation on the EU s labour migration policies and the EU Blue Card
Case Id: a330ed35-9a71-4fbb-aafa-8330edd15c0e Date: 08/07/2015 15:21:57 Public consultation on the EU s labour migration policies and the EU Blue Card Fields marked with * are mandatory. 1 Your Contact
More informationHanna Sutela Senior researcher, PhD Population and Social Statistics Statistics Finland
Hanna Sutela Senior researcher, PhD Population and Social Statistics Statistics Finland hanna.sutela@stat.fi Gender employment gaps of the population of foreign background in Finland Background In 2014,
More informationContemporary Human Geography
Chapter 9 Lecture Contemporary Human Geography rd 3 Edition Chapter 9: Development Marc Healy Elgin Community College 9.1 Development Regions A developed country, also known as a More Developed Country
More informationWomen s Voice, Agency and Participation
Women s Voice, Agency and Participation September 24, 2013 Clinton Global Initiative New York Jeni Klugman Director, Gender and Development World Bank Outline Where do we stand? Evidence, constraints &
More informationTrends in Labour Supply
Trends in Labour Supply Ellis Connolly, Kathryn Davis and Gareth Spence* The labour force has grown strongly since the mid s due to both a rising participation rate and faster population growth. The increase
More informationThe Impact of Ireland s Recession on the Labour Market Outcomes of its Immigrants
The Impact of Ireland s Recession on the Labour Market Outcomes of its Immigrants Alan Barrett and Elish Kelly Economic and Social Research Institute October 2010 Structure of the talk Some pictures of
More informationPolitical Participation and Economic Development
Political Participation and Economic Development Introduction The committee on political participation and economic development comprises a group of committed young people in the age range of 21 to 26.
More informationThe state of human development in the world and in Moldova. Antonio Vigilante
The state of human development in the world and in Moldova Antonio Vigilante HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX 1. Norway 0.953 2. Switzerland 0,944 3. Australia 0, 959 187. South Sudan 0,388; 188. Central African
More informationOECD expert meeting hosted by the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research Oslo, Norway 2-3 June 2008 ICTs and Gender Pierre Montagnier
OECD expert meeting hosted by the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research Oslo, Norway 2-3 June 28 ICTs and Gender Pierre Montagnier 1 Conceptual framework Focus of this presentation ECONOMY CONSUMPTION
More informationDobwalls and Trewidland Neighbourhood Development Plan: section 3. Evidence Base document - fourth draft September 2018
Dobwalls and Trewidland Neighbourhood Development Plan: section 3 Economy and Jobs Evidence Base document - fourth draft September 2018 Contents Introduction Purpose of this Evidence Base report Themes
More informationTrade liberalization and gender inequality
JANNEKE PIETERS Wageningen University, the Netherlands, IZA, Germany Trade liberalization and gender inequality Can free-trade policies help to reduce gender inequalities in employment and wages? Keywords:
More informationGENDER INEQUALITY IN THE LABOR MARKET IN SERBIA
GENDER INEQUALITY IN THE LABOR MARKET IN SERBIA The paper was prepared by Anna Reva under the guidance of Victor Sulla, TTL. Quantitative inputs were provided by Mariam Lomaia Khanna. November, 2010 Table
More informationWidening of Inequality in Japan: Its Implications
Widening of Inequality in Japan: Its Implications Jun Saito, Senior Research Fellow Japan Center for Economic Research December 11, 2017 Is inequality widening in Japan? Since the publication of Thomas
More informationGender, labour and a just transition towards environmentally sustainable economies and societies for all
Response to the UNFCCC Secretariat call for submission on: Views on possible elements of the gender action plan to be developed under the Lima work programme on gender Gender, labour and a just transition
More information"Migration, Labor Markets and the Economic Integration of Migrants in Western Europe"
"Migration, Labor Markets and the Economic Integration of Migrants in Western Europe" Rainer Münz Senior Fellow, HWWI Head of Research, Erste Group Workshop Migration in the European Union Vienna, Nov
More informationPoverty in Israel: Reasons and Labor Market Policy
Poverty in Israel: Reasons and Labor Market Policy Zvi Eckstein and Tali Larom * Policy Paper 2016.08 November 2016 The Aaron Institute s policy papers series is a product of research and policy suggestions
More informationThe widening income dispersion in Hong Kong :
Lingnan University Digital Commons @ Lingnan University Staff Publications Lingnan Staff Publication 3-14-2008 The widening income dispersion in Hong Kong : 1986-2006 Hon Kwong LUI Lingnan University,
More informationRomania and European social model(s): the unemploymentpoverty
Romania and European social model(s): the unemploymentpoverty link Paulo Pedroso Department of Sociology, ISCTE, Lisbon and B&S Europe Bucharest Craiova, 12.06.06 Romania and EU Lisbon Strategy for jobs
More informationMEETING OF THE OECD COUNCIL AT MINISTERIAL LEVEL, PARIS 6-7 MAY 2014 REPORT ON THE OECD FRAMEWORK FOR INCLUSIVE GROWTH KEY FINDINGS
MEETING OF THE OECD COUNCIL AT MINISTERIAL LEVEL, PARIS 6-7 MAY 2014 REPORT ON THE OECD FRAMEWORK FOR INCLUSIVE GROWTH KEY FINDINGS This document is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General
More informationEFSI s contribution to the public consultation Equality between women and men in the EU
EFSI s contribution to the public consultation Equality between women and men in the EU Registered organisation Register ID number: 57795906755-89 Authorisation given to publish the reply ABOUT YOU 1.
More informationEU Labour Markets from Boom to Recession: Are Foreign Workers More Excluded or Better Adapted?
EU Labour Markets from Boom to Recession: Are Foreign Workers More Excluded or Better Adapted? Paper s aim Fernando GIL-ALONSO Universitat de Barcelona fgil@ub.edu Elena VIDAL-COSO Universitat Pompeu Fabra
More informationThe current and future status of women s rights
8 th session of Budapest International Model United Nations The current and future status of women s rights Millenium Development Goals & Sustainable Development Goals The necessity of efforts towards
More informationDr Abigail McKnight Associate Professorial Research Fellow and Associate Director, CASE, LSE Dr Chiara Mariotti Inequality Policy Manager, Oxfam
Hosted by LSE Works: CASE The Relationship between Inequality and Poverty: mechanisms and policy options Dr Eleni Karagiannaki Research Fellow, CASE, LSE Chris Goulden Deputy Director, Policy and Research,
More informationFigure 8: Global Gender Gap Index 2016 vs Human Capital Index 2016
Figure 8: Global Gender Gap Index 2016 vs Human Capital Index 2016 1.0 Small gender gap, low human capital optimization Iceland Small gender gap, high human capital optimization Global Gender Gap Index
More informationThe State of Working Wisconsin Laura Dresser Joel Rogers Julie Whittaker Center on Wisconsin Strategy
The State of Working Wisconsin Laura Dresser Joel Rogers Julie Whittaker Center on Wisconsin Strategy The Center on Wisconsin Strategy Authors Laura Dresser Joel Rogers Julie Whittaker Acknowledgments
More informationThis note analyzes various issues related to women workers in Malaysia s formal private
Enterprise Surveys Enterprise Note Series Gender Women Workers in Malaysia s Private Sector World Bank Group Enterprise Note No. 35 17 Mohammad Amin and Amanda Zarka This note analyzes various issues related
More informationMigration in the Long Term: The Outlook for the Next Generations
4 Migration in the Long Term: The Outlook for the Next Generations Can migration help mitigate demographic gaps, population aging, and global labor market imbalances? The first half of this century will
More informationSmall and medium business in the Republic of Belarus: gender factors
Small and medium business in the Republic of Belarus: gender factors Brest State Technical University Andrei Prarouski - the Head of the Department of World Economy, Marketing and Investments Natalia Chetyrbock
More informationVoice. Agency. and. Empowering women and girls for shared prosperity
Voice and Agency Empowering women and girls for shared prosperity Jeni Klugman, Senior Adviser, The World Bank Group and Fellow, Kennedy School, Harvard Australian National University September 25, 2014
More informationThe Status of Women in Ventura and Santa Barbara Counties
The Status of Women in Ventura and Santa Barbara Counties March 3, 2010 Foreword March, 2010 One hundred and fifty-three years ago, thousands of women garment workers marched to change their poverty level
More informationThe Politics of Egalitarian Capitalism; Rethinking the Trade-off between Equality and Efficiency
The Politics of Egalitarian Capitalism; Rethinking the Trade-off between Equality and Efficiency Week 3 Aidan Regan Democratic politics is about distributive conflict tempered by a common interest in economic
More informationWBG (2015) The impact on women of the Autumn Statement and Comprehensive Spending Review
UN INDEPENDENT EXPERT ON FOREIGN DEBT AND HUMAN RIGHTS CALL FOR EVIDENCE ON THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC REFORMS AND AUSTERITY MEASURES ON WOMEN S HUMAN RIGHTS ENGENDER RESPONSE, MARCH 2018 I. INTRODUCTION Since
More informationInclusive global growth: a framework to think about the post-2015 agenda
Inclusive global growth: a framework to think about the post-215 agenda François Bourguignon Paris School of Economics Angus Maddison Lecture, Oecd, Paris, April 213 1 Outline 1) Inclusion and exclusion
More informationSelected macro-economic indicators relating to structural changes in agricultural employment in the Slovak Republic
Selected macro-economic indicators relating to structural changes in agricultural employment in the Slovak Republic Milan Olexa, PhD 1. Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic Economic changes after
More informationForum «Pour un Québec prospère» Pour des politiques publiques de réduction des inégalités pro-croissance Mardi le 3 juin 2014
Forum «Pour un Québec prospère» Pour des politiques publiques de réduction des inégalités pro-croissance Mardi le 3 juin 2014 NOUVELLES APPROCHES EN MATIÈRE DE RÉDUCTION DES INÉGALITÉS ET DE POLITIQUES
More informationLAW, JUSTICE AND DEVELOPMENT WEEK
LAW, JUSTICE AND DEVELOPMENT WEEK 2017 0 Table of Contents TITLE 1 DATE 1 VENUE 1 ABOUT LAW, JUSTICE AND DEVELOPMENT WEEK 1 THEME GENDER, LAW AND DEVELOPMENT 1 OBJECTIVES 2 EXPECTED OUTCOMES 3 KEY MESSAGES
More informationL 216/10 Official Journal of the European Union
L 216/10 Official Journal of the European Union 21.8.2007 COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 973/2007 of 20 August 2007 amending certain EC Regulations on specific statistical domains implementing the statistical
More informationEconomic Independence of Women. A pre condition to full participation of women. NGO Report for the UPR review of the Iranian Government
Economic Independence of Women A pre condition to full participation of women NGO Report for the UPR review of the Iranian Government House of Culture and Sustainable Development August 2009 Economic independence
More informationInsecure work and Ethnicity
Insecure work and Ethnicity Executive Summary Our previous analysis showed that there are 3.2 million people who face insecurity in work in the UK, either because they are working on a contract that does
More informationProgress Towards Gender Equality in the Middle East and North Africa Region
Progress Towards Gender Equality in the Middle East and North Africa Region A descriptive note on progress and gaps towards gender equality and women s empowerment in the MNA region, produced to provide
More informationExecutive summary. Part I. Major trends in wages
Executive summary Part I. Major trends in wages Lowest wage growth globally in 2017 since 2008 Global wage growth in 2017 was not only lower than in 2016, but fell to its lowest growth rate since 2008,
More informationThe case for an inwork progression service
The case for an inwork progression service 1 Contents 1. Introduction 2. Underemployment in the UK 3. Individual characteristics 4. Industry 5. Recommendations 2 Summary of findings Scale of underemployment:
More informationUnited Nations Nations Unies. Commission on the Status of Women Fifty-fourth session New York, 1-12 March 2010 INTERACTIVE EXPERT PANEL
United Nations Nations Unies Commission on the Status of Women Fifty-fourth session New York, 1-12 March 2010 INTERACTIVE EXPERT PANEL Access and participation of women and girls to education, training,
More informationCEDAW/C/PRT/CO/7/Add.1
United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women CEDAW/C/PRT/CO/7/Add.1 Distr.: General 18 April 2011 Original: English ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION Committee on the
More informationAlberta Immigrant Highlights. Labour Force Statistics. Highest unemployment rate for landed immigrants 9.8% New immigrants
2016 Labour Force Profiles in the Labour Force Immigrant Highlights Population Statistics Labour Force Statistics Third highest percentage of landed immigrants in the working age population 1. 34. ON 2.
More informationCross Border Commuters Map - Persons commuting from Ireland to Northern Ireland to work or study by electoral division/ward, 2016
Cross Border Commuters 2016 Map - Persons commuting from Ireland to Northern Ireland to work or study by electoral division/ward, 2016 Census 2016 recorded 9,336 people who crossed the border for work
More informationEradication of poverty and other development issues: women in development
United Nations A/64/424/Add.2 General Assembly Distr.: General 14 December 2009 Original: English Sixty-fourth session Agenda item 57 (b) Eradication of poverty and other development issues: women in development
More informationOverview. Main Findings. The Global Weighted Average has also been steady in the last quarter, and is now recorded at 6.62 percent.
This Report reflects the latest trends observed in the data published in September. Remittance Prices Worldwide is available at http://remittanceprices.worldbank.org Overview The Remittance Prices Worldwide*
More informationThe Challenge of Inclusive Growth: Making Growth Work for the Poor
2015/FDM2/004 Session: 1 The Challenge of Inclusive Growth: Making Growth Work for the Poor Purpose: Information Submitted by: World Bank Group Finance and Central Bank Deputies Meeting Cebu, Philippines
More informationIMMIGRATION IN THE EU
IMMIGRATION IN THE EU Source: Eurostat 10/6/2015, unless otherwise indicated Data refers to non-eu nationals who have established their usual residence in the territory of an EU State for a period of at
More informationSpecific Issues of Gender in Accessing Social Protection and Labour Market Opportunitites. Athia Yumna, The SMERU Research Institute
Specific Issues of Gender in Accessing Social Protection and Labour Market Opportunitites Athia Yumna, The SMERU Research Institute Structure Introduction Gender Inequality, Poverty and Vulnerabilities
More informationGender, economics and the crisis: lessons from E. Europe, C. Asia and the Caucasus Ewa Ruminska-Zimny, PhD Warsaw School of Economics, Poland
Gender, economics and the crisis: lessons from E. Europe, C. Asia and the Caucasus Ewa Ruminska-Zimny, PhD Warsaw School of Economics, Poland GEM-IWG Workshop, The Levy Institute, 30 June 2009 Summary
More informationMacroeconomics and Gender Inequality Yana van der Meulen Rodgers Rutgers University
Macroeconomics and Gender Inequality Yana van der Meulen Rodgers Rutgers University International Association for Feminist Economics Pre-Conference July 15, 2015 Organization of Presentation Introductory
More information