Essential Question: Was the rise of industry good for the American workers?
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1 Essential Question: Was the rise of industry good for the American workers? Vocabulary: 1. Bessemer process 2. Horizontal integration 3. Vertical integration 4. Laissez-faire 5. Social Darwinsim act 7. Capitalism 8. Monopoly 9. Trust 10. Working class 11. Child Labor 12. AFL 13. Haymarket Affair 14. Homestead Strike 15. Pullman Strike 16. Labor union 17. Strike 18. socialism
2 Bell work What are the three most important inventions, or innovations, of your lifetime? Sketch each one and write 1-2 sentences that tell how they have affected or changed your life
3 Causes of Industrialization Growing Workforce Immigrants willing to work for low wages flowed into the country
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5 Important People of the Late 1800s Thomas Edison Henry Bessemer Andrew Carnegie John D. Rockefeller Samuel Gompers Eugene V. Debs Invented new technology, such as electric lighting that stimulated business Developed process for creating strong, lightweight steel for use in construction and railroads Use of vertical integration influenced the rise of big business; urge businessmen to also be philanthropists Use of new business strategies, such as horizontal consolidation, influenced the rise of big business Formed the AFL, influencing the rise of labor unions Challenged big business by orchestrating the Pullman Strike and helping to found the IWW
6 Railroads expanded across the country in the mid-nineteenth century. What effect did railroads have on the production and distribution of goods?
7 Innovation Drives Economic Development The telegraph could send a message exponentially faster than standard mail. How did telecommunication innovations improve the standard of living in the United States?
8 Influential Labor Unions Name Date Founded Significance National Trades Union st National Union; open to workers from all trades Knights of Labor 1869 Sought general ideological reform; open to workers from all trades American Federation of Labor 1886 Focused on specific workers issues; organization of skilled workers from local craft unions American Railway Union st industrial union; open to all railway workers.
9 Strike Cause Effect Railroad Strikes, 1877 Haymarket Square, 1886 Response to cut in workers wages Part of a campaign to achieve an 8 hour workday Set the scene for violent strikes to come Americans became wary of labor unions; the KOL were blamed for the riot and membership declined Homestead Strike, 1892 Economic depression led to cuts in steelworkers wages After losing the standoff, steelworkers unions lost power throughout the country Pullman Strike, 1893 Wages cut without a decrease in the cost of living in the company town Employers used the courts to limit the influence of unions
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11 A Different Kind of Knight This cartoon appeared around 1886, at a time when people were vigorously debating the role of labor unions
12 Essential Question: Was the rise of industry good for the American workers? Vocabulary: 1. American Federation of Labor 2. anarchist 3. Child Labor 4. Collective bargaining 5. Division of labor 6. Haymarket Affair 7. Homestead Strike 8. Labor Union 9. Pullman Strike 10. Strike 11. Socialism 12. Sweatshop 13. tenement 14. Working Class
13 Bell work During the Industrial Revolution, many people found work in the new factories that had opened. Factory workers were often exploited, forced to work long hours for little money. Labor unions were the workers only voice-their only bargaining tool with management. Why do you think labor unions were more effective then individuals in dealing with management and employers?
14 Essential Question: What was it like to be an immigrant at the turn of the century? 1. Angel Island 7. Deportation 13. Pogrom 2. Americanization 3. America Letters 4. Arable 5. Chinese Exclusion Act 6. Contract Laborer 8. Ellis Island 9. Nativism 10. Push Factor 11. Pull Factor 12. Political boss 14. Settlement House 15. Steerage
15 Bellwork Some people describe America as a melting pot, others as a tossed salad or a patchwork quilt. 1. Draw a picture that shows how you visualize the diversity of cultures in the United States. 2. Write a sentence explaining why you chose your symbol.
16 Immigration Causes of Immigration Push Factors Persecution Economic Hardship Lack of Jobs War Pull Factors Religious and political freedom Cheap land Factory jobs Family in the United States
17 New Immigrants Ellis Island New York Harbor 20% of immigrants detained for a day or more; only 2% denied entry
18 Entry Requirements 1. Physical examinations 2. Serious health conditions 3. Tuberculosis 4. Government inspector 5. Checked documents 6. No felony convictions 7. Some money
19 West Coast Immigrants Angel Island San Francisco Immigrants from Asia, especially China processed at this facility El Paso, Texas Processed Mexicans
20 Surviving America Ghettos formed places where people of like cultures or national origins settled together Little Italy Chinatown Many were disliked by native born Americans Catholics and Jews Irish and Italians
21 Surviving America Native-born Americans afraid jobs would go to Asians Pressure on gov t to restrict immigration Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) A law that prohibited all Chinese except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials from entering the United States
22 Skyscrapers How did tall buildings change the physical landscape of urban areas?
23 Technology Advances 1868-NYC installs elevated transit with steam driven engines 1873-San Fran installs steam driven cable cars st practical light bulb NYC installs 1 st permanent commercial central power system 1888-Richmond introduces streetcars powered by electric cables 1897-Boston opens public underground subway Growth of Cities
24 % 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Rural Pop Urban Pop Urban Populations and Problems Problems Crowding Poor Housing Danger Potential for fire Poor sanitation Solution Skyscrapers, city planning, parks Building Streetlights and police forces Electric lights and fire departments Public-health departments
25 Tenement Problems
26 An organized group that controls a political party in a city and offers services to voters and businesses in exchange for political and financial support Political Candidates City Bosses Ward Bosses Precinct Workers
27 Controlled access to municipal jobs and business licenses Influenced courts Reinforced voter loyalty Built hospitals, sewer systems, parks, etc.
28 Head of Tammany Hall Was charged with fraud and extortion Sentenced to prison
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30 Shifts in the Labor Force In the late 1800s, the number of Americans working in agriculture declined By the late 1890s, social workers began to lobby to get children out of the factories Agriculture Industry
31 Bellwork What is your favorite theme park? Why?
32 Mass Culture Aspects of Mass Culture Advertising Department stores and mail-order catalogs Factory-produced clothing Prepackaged food Newspapers Public education Entertainment Entertainment Amusement parks Outdoor shows The Chautauqua Circuit Vaudeville Shows Movie Theaters Exhibitions and fairs Spectator sports
33 American Leisure Coney Island 19th Century South of Brooklyn, just 9 mi away from Manhattan Hotels and amusement parks 1884-first rollercoaster, Switchback for 5 cents
34 Columbian Exposition World s Fair in Chicago 1893 Frederick Law Olmstead work White City presented what could be Included inventions and concepts for new world Present day museums
35 American Leisure
36 Spectator Sports Baseball 1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings (Reds) began touring the country 1876 National League 1900 American League 1903 First World Series Boston Pilgrims defeat the Pittsburgh Pirates Negro Leagues for black players
37 Newspapers Sensational headlines to increase circulation Joseph Pulitzer New York World Comics, sports, and women s news William Randolph Hearst New York Morning Journal Personal scandals, cruelty to outsell the World
38 Literature Mark Twain- dubs this period the Gilded Age Horatio Alger- wrote about characters that succeeded by hard work Edith Wharton & Henry Jamesquestioned society based on rules of conduct
39 Vaudeville and Ragtime Mainly African-American Plays, musicals, and variety shows Toured and performed in theaters for Americans. African- Many performers became more famous for moving pictures Ragtime is a type of music created that mixes African- American and European sounds to create a new rhythm Segway into Jazz Age
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