3/2/2017. Dwight Eisenhower & The Cold War. Election of Adlai Stevenson Democratic Candidate. Dwight D. Eisenhower Ike Republican Candidate
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1 Dwight Eisenhower & The Cold War Election of 1952 Adlai Stevenson Democratic Candidate Dwight D. Eisenhower Ike Republican Candidate Election Results Dwight D. Eisenhower 34 th President Ike & Modern Republicanism Domestic Policies Wanted to decrease need for federal intervention in social & economic issues Accepted new deal programs as reality of modern life & even extended some of them -Social Security was extended to more Americans, minimum wage increased, additional public housing built -creation of Department of Health, Education, & Welfare (confirmed commitments to new deal programs) Sputnik Launched Sputnik II Launched Space Race Begins Soviets launch first artificial satellite Sputnik in 1957 National Aeronautics & Space Administration is formed a year later 1958 Ike persuaded Congress to appropriate funds for college scholarships & research development -massive education financing in science & math 1
2 18 Explorer I first U.S. satellite The Highway Act of 1956 Authorized the construction of interstate highways linking all major U.S. cities Justified construction & new taxes by stating it improved national defense Provided for growth of suburbs & connected nation culturally Eisenhower & The Cold War New Soviet Premiere Nikita Khrushchev John Foster Dulles Challenge Soviets & China -liberate E. Europe & encourage Taiwan to stand up to China Brinkmanship-U.S. was to push the Soviets & China to the brink of war & they would back down b/c of U.S. nuclear superiority Hungarian Revolt U.S. took no action giving recognition to soviet sphere of influence in E. Europe New Look Ike s new foreign Policy during Cold War Massive retaliation -build up of arsenal of Nuclear weapons (arms race) 2
3 -in theory this would save money -USSR caught U.S. in arms race & massive retaliation became mutual extinction Arms Race Ike stepped up the following programs: Hydrogen Bomb Atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons Develop long range bombing capabilities Distant early warning line of radar stations Los Alamos H-Bomb Operation Ivy Mike Tsar Bomba Largest nuclear device in history. The heat from the explosion could have caused third degree burns 62 miles away from ground zero. The subsequent mushroom cloud was about 40 miles high (nearly seven times higher than Mount Everest) and 25 miles wide.. Atmospheric focusing caused blast damage up to 620 miles away. 60 3
4 M.A.D. Mutually Assured Destruction Annihilation of enemy even if one s own country was destroyed Ike was troubled by this concept and sought peace talks with USSR Second Berlin Crisis (1958) Khrushchev demanded the West pull all troops out of West Berlin turning the city over to E. Germany U.S. refused to yield Ike invited Khrushchev to the U.S. in 1959 to defuse the crisis Crisis was put off until 1960 when the two would meet again at Paris U-2 Incident U.S.-Soviet peace talks were cut short May 5, 1960 a U.S. spy plane (U2) was shot down by soviets over Soviet Union U.S. denied espionage but Soviets produced pilot Francis Gary Powers as prisoner & Ike admitted the secret flights over USSR 1960 Paris Peace summit was canceled ending Ike s hopes of an arms agreement Containment in the Third World Vietnam Fall of Indochina Vietnam & Cambodia fought to resist colonial rule U.S. supported French China & Soviet Union supported Ho Chi Minh & communist guerillas Division of Vietnam Geneva Accords- French give up Indochina creating Vietnam, Cambodia, & Laos -Vietnam was divided at the 17 th Parallel until a general election could be held Vietnam would remain divided North Vietnam Communist Ho Chi Minh South Vietnam Capitalist Ngo Dinh Diem 4
5 From US gave massive amounts of financial aid Domino Theory- if Vietnam fell one nation after another would soon fall SEATO South East Asia Treaty Organization Designed to prevent S. Vietnam, Laos, & Cambodia from falling to communism Defensive alliance The Middle East Creation of Israel Civil War erupts in Palestine dividing it between Jews & Palestinians -Egypt & other Arab nations resisted the development of a Jewish state May 1948 Truman recognizes the state of Israel Gained Jewish voters but alienated Arabs The Suez Crisis Egypt asks U.S. for funds to build dam on Nile River U.S. Refuses so Egypt asks USSR who agrees Seeking other sources of funding the Egyptians seized control of the Suez Canal and nationalized it -cutoff Europe from oil supply G.B. France, & Israel launch surprise attack against Egypt & retake Canal Ike sides with U.N. denouncing the British & French as trouble makers G.B. & France withdraw from Region Soviets gain a lot of influence in region Eisenhower Doctrine U.S. pledge to economic & military aid to any Middle East country threatened by Communism Eisenhower s Farewell Address Warned against the Military industrial complex claiming it had potential to threaten civil liberties & democratic processes 5
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