Impact of the CTM. on the daily work of the trademark profession. Dominique Kaesmacher Chief IP Attorney
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1 Impact of the CTM on the daily work of the trademark profession by Dominique Kaesmacher Chief IP Attorney Round Table ECTA - BOIP - OHIM The Hague, April 14, 2008
2 «If you can't convince them, confuse them» Truman
3 AGENDA 1. SOME STATISTICS 2. WORK IN PROGRESS 3. SPECIFIC CONCERN : CTM versus BNL provisions & practices 4. CONCLUSION
4 Benelux Trademark Applications
5 Application CTM (Belgian applicants) APPLICATION BNL (Belgian applicants)
6 ApplicAantal depots naar land van herkomst NL BE LUX overig ation CTM (global) APPLICATION BNL (global)
7 Community Trademark Applications
8 CTM applications
9 CTM applications filed by Belgian applicants
10 1. Some Statistics 2. Modification of the Types of Work 3. Specific Concerns 4. Conclusion Comments (1) CTM applications Global increase Also by Belgian applicants
11 1. Some Statistics 2. Modification of the Types of Work 3. Specific Concerns 4. Conclusion Comments (2) BTM applications Global increase, despite : 1996 : Introduction of CTMs 1996 : Refusals on absolute grounds by BOIP : Economic recess : Introduction of opposition procedure 2004 : CTM part of the Madrid System (Protocol) Decrease of BTM applications in the name of foreign applicants
12 1. Some Statistics 2. Modification of the Types of Work 3. Specific Concerns 4. Conclusion Comments (3) Possible reasons of BTM applications increase: General increase of TM applications worldwide Uncertainties about CTM efficiency (registration & enforcement) BTM = excellent basis of international registrations (Madrid System : Protocol (2001) & Agreement ( ) & accelerated registration (2004)) 2005: Sunrise EU. domain names Benelux register mainly for local applicants More work for Benelux TM Attorneys
13 AGENDA 1. SOME STATISTICS 2. WORK IN PROGRESS 3. SPECIFIC CONCERN : CTM versus BNL provisions & practices 4. CONCLUSION
14 EU Directive on harmonization (Dec 1988) Incorporation of EU Directive in National Laws Major Dates EU Regulation on CTM (Dec 1993) CTM : Part of Madrid system (Protocol) BNL : Opposition procedure CTM : Entry into force of EU regulation >> CTM applications BNL : Power of refusal of BOIP for absolute grounds
15 TM Attorney Job (till 1995) TM Registration Procedure TM Attorney Services References Application 1. Choice of TM - availability search - advice on distinctiveness 2. Choice of Protection routes - if B : BTM - if EU or INT : BNL + INT + national applications Benelux & International Registries Benelux Uniform Trademark Law Case law of BE, NL & Lux Courts Registration 3. Management - renewal - license - transfer, etc. Interpretation decisions of Benelux Court of justice
16 TM Attorney Job (as of 1996) TM Registration Procedure Application Refusal Opposition Registration TM Attorney Services References Choice of TM - availability search - adv. distinctiveness Choice of Protection routes - if B : BTM - if EU : BTM + INT or CTM, or national - if INT : BTM + INT or CTM + INT or national Refusal arguments / appeal (if CTM) Opposition arguments / negotiat. / appeal (if CTM) Management renewal, license, etc. Benelux & CTM & Intern. & National Registries Practices of BOIP & OHIM Benelux Conv. on IP CTM Regulation EU Directive Case law of BE, NL & Lux Courts Decisions of Benelux Court of Justice, CFI & ECJ
17 1. Some Statistics 2. Modification of the Types of Work 3. Specific Concerns 4. Conclusion Conclusion Modification of the content of the work : Advice on availability and distinctiveness Strategic advice on the best «protection route» Argumentation + negotiation (if refusal or opposition) Monitoring of EU & BNL case law and practice Languages! More variety and more complexity
18 AGENDA 1. SOME STATISTICS 2. WORK IN PROGRESS 3. SPECIFIC CONCERN : CTM versus BNL provisions & practices 4. CONCLUSION
19 Availability search 1. Some Statistics 2. Modification of the Types of Work 3. Specific Concerns Availability search for CTM: Very difficult because of: number of hits in vast territory comparison of signs in foreign languages (e.g. Greek or Czech) other distinctive signs as obstacles under national law Very expensive Not exhaustive 4. Conclusion Similarity search in Benelux may serve as a first indicator
20 1. Some Statistics 2. Modification of the Types of Work 3. Specific Concerns 4. Conclusion Filings Absolute grounds for refusal e.g.: STEELGUARD in class 02 GLOBAL FINANCIAL INTELLIGENCE in classes 16, 35, (36), 42 FitLine in classes 29, 32 Harmonisation de iure but not de facto In general, BOIP is more severe than OHIM Each trademark must be examined on its own merits Importance of advice and impact on trademark profession
21 1. Some Statistics 2. Modification of the Types of Work 3. Specific Concerns 4. Conclusion Oppositions (1) Forum where to invoke relative grounds for refusal Identical TM for identical g/s: OHIM / BOIP Identical or similar (well known) TM for identical or similar g/s and likelihood of confusion: OHIM / BOIP Identical or similar TM for identical, similar or dissimilar g/s and unfair advantage of or detriment to TM reputation: OHIM (BTM => Court) Other distinctive signs: OHIM (BTM => Court) Applications filed by agents: OHIM (BTM => Court)
22 1. Some Statistics 2. Modification of the Types of Work 3. Specific Concerns 4. Conclusion Oppositions (2) No harmonisation as to forum Less available grounds of opposition before BOIP than before OHIM Impact on trademark profession and competence to act (attorney / barrister)
23 1. Some Statistics 2. Modification of the Types of Work 3. Specific Concerns 4. Conclusion Oppositions (3) Defense in opposition: obligation of use Opposition against BTM on the basis of a CTM subject to compulsory use Under Benelux Trademark law, the CTM must be normally used in Benelux territory Contrary to CTM law, where use in one or more member states (not necessarily Benelux territory) can be sufficient
24 1. Some Statistics 2. Modification of the Types of Work 3. Specific Concerns 4. Conclusion Oppositions (4) Taxes and apportionment of costs Basic opposition tax: BOIP: OHIM: 350 Tax per additional trademark above the third: BOIP: 100 OHIM: 0 Costs to be paid by losing party to winning party: BOIP: OHIM: 300 (standard representation fees)(+ travel and subsistence expenses, if any)
25 1. Some Statistics 2. Modification of the Types of Work 3. Specific Concerns 4. Conclusion Oppositions (5) If opponent looses the opposition (in its entirety), he must pay Minimum (BOIP) 650 (OHIM) As opponent, it is much more expensive to loose BNL opposition than CTM opposition Interest of limiting the Benelux opposition (rights invoked / goods and services) to issues which one is certain to win Importance of advice
26 1. Some Statistics 2. Modification of the Types of Work 3. Specific Concerns 4. Conclusion Cancellations Absolute/relative grounds for cancellation Same grounds Different forum (generally OHIM but never BOIP) No harmonisation as to forum Impact on trademark profession and competence to act (attorney / barrister)
27 1. Some Statistics 2. Modification of the Types of Work 3. Specific Concerns 4. Conclusion Representation Register of trademark representatives Register with OHIM No register with BOIP / (recent) register with BMM Different conditions of inscription Recognised European trademark attorney is not necessarily a recognised Benelux trademark attorney (BMM) Confusion / Impact on trademark profession
28 AGENDA 1. SOME STATISTICS 2. WORK IN PROGRESS 3. SPECIFIC CONCERN : CTM versus BNL provisions & practices 4. CONCLUSION
29 1. Some Statistics 2. Modification of the Types of Work 3. Specific Concerns 4. Conclusion Conclusion We observe: - Increase of the workload - More variety - Increase of the complexity Future? Let s see the impact of the abolishment of the safeguard clause (article 9 sexies (1) Madrid Protocol): an application will suffice as basis of international registration => no further need for (accelerated) registration
30 Any questions?
31 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! TEL. : FAX : Avenue Wolfers La Hulpe (Brussels) Belgium Twin Squares Culliganlaan 1B 1831 Diegem (Brussels) Belgium
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