International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 2 No. 6 [Special Issue March 2012]
|
|
- Noreen Gray
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 2 No. 6 [Special Issue March 2012] SPATIAL DISPARITY IN EMPLOYEE COMPOSITION IN THE OIL INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA AND THE IMPLICATION OF THE FEDERAL CHARACTER POLICY Akintoye, Oluyemi A. Department of Geography and Environmental Science University of Calabar Calabar-Nigeria Utang, Pius B. Department of Geography and Environmental Management University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt, Nigeria Abstract The major causes of discord and conflict in the Nigeria, have most often included inequitable distribution of employment in government owned establishment. This is aggravated by sections for maximum representation, such as the Niger Delta states for benefits in petroleum exploration/exploitation companies/establishments for indigenes as the region mostly bear the major brunt of the immediate environmental, health and socio-economic consequences. Over the decade the Nigerian National Petroleum corporation (NNPC), has emerged as a major oil industry regulatory and policy formulation institution of Nigeria. The personnel composition of such a vital federal institution becomes of great concern, given the fact that the institution should lead in the local content of employment opportunities. However, the Federal Character Policy and Quota System, aimed at equitable representation, seems not to be fashioned towards this direction, but to reflect equity in national benefits, as against the degree of negative consequences experienced by host communities, within the Niger Delta area.. Employment quota in NNPC as observed from the paper shows that employment rates vary widely at a subregional level, including geopolitical variations, at and within states, in the geopolitical zones. Various model specifications including different explanatory variables were considered and the most plausible are education, proximity to facilities and the insider factor. Keywords: Equitable distribution, employment composition, Federal Character principle, NNPC, spatial disparity, 1. Introduction Nigeria has always battled with the issues of marginalisation, equitable distribution of national resources and the optimal utilisation of these resources. The federal character principle, seen as a measure to address some of these pestering issues, was enshrined in the 1979 constitution to ensure that appointments into public service institutions (including the military and para-military) fairly reflect the linguistic, ethnic, religious, and geographic diversity of the country. The principle however allows unqualified people to occupy sensitive positions in the civil service, which may be a factor in the failed governance Nigeria has today. Despite this pitfall, Adujie (2009) pointed out that all Nigerians should in good faith advocate that appointment and how we do business reflect our essential composite make-up as Nigerians, from local government to state and federal levels. It is important, particularly, in a plural society such as Nigeria, that all citizens feel a sense of equal voice, equal representation and equal participation. The ethno-regional tendency in positions in the federal public sector is not new. The last published report of the Federal Character Commission was the 2000 report which showed gross inequalities in the distribution of federal jobs in the country (Federal Character Commission, 2000). This is exemplified in table 1, where it is clear that the level of ethno-regional disparity varies from one sector to another, although in this case the South west was over represented. 133
2 The Special Issue on Behavioral and Social Science Centre for Promoting Ideas, USA Table 1: Ethno-regional tendencies in the staffing of Federal Bureaucracies Zone / % of pop Percentage in all bureaucracy Zone Percentage in all bureaucracy NW (25.6) 10.4 SW (19.7) 24.9 NE (13.6) 8.6 SE (11.7) 16 NC (13.5) 18.4 SS (15.0) 20.7 Percentage in the Directorate Percentage in the Directorate NW 16.8 SW 24.4 NE 12.7 SE 13.4 NC 16.4 SS 15.8 Percentage in the Technology Percentage in the Technology NW 7.9 SW 30.5 NE 5.3 SE 21.5 NC 12.8 SS 21.6 Percentage in the Police Percentage in the Police NW 12 SW 14 NE 12.7 SE 12.4 NC 22 SS 26.1 Source: Adapted from Mustapha, A. R. (2007) In 2005, the Federal Character Commission indicted the Federal Ministry of Employment, Labor and Productivity for violating the principles of Federal Character. For the year 2002, the Commission reported over-representation in the Ministry s workforce of Abia, Akwa Ibom, Delta, Imo, Ogun, Ondo, Osun and Oyo, and underrepresentation of Borno, Kaduna, Kano, Adamawa, Plateau, Katsina, Nasarawa, Niger, Taraba, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Jigawa, Ebonyi, Kebbi, Yobe, Sokoto, Zamfara and FCT. The nine over-represented states accounted for 49% of the Ministry s workforce, while the 18 under-represented states and the FCT accounted for only 13%. In March and April 2005, the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation employed managerial staff in which the South West zone was grossly over-represented (Mohammed 2005). Amnesty International (2009) and U.N.E.P (2011) have comprehensively highlighted the multi-dimensional plights of the inhabitants of the Niger Delta. Unsurprisingly, the Niger Delta has witnessed agitation for crude oil resources derivation advantage and increase in the ratio of employment, especially in oil development related establishments operating within the region as a way of compensating the people for the huge economic resources derived from the region. This, which we call Strategic Maximum Staffing, may alter the expected pattern of employment in federal owned oil based establishments and the model of employment process as provided by Gallager (1991). The questions that provoke this study include the following: Are states equitably represented in the employee structure in federal institutions like NNPC? Is the pattern of employment based on favouring the host communities of crude oil development activities or areas of NNPC facilities? Is the pattern of employment reflective of Federal character/quota System as advocated by the Nigerian constitution? How equitable is the structure, even within the Niger Delta region, i.e. are the states within the regions equitably represented in the employee structure? The aim of the study, therefore, is to highlight the states and geopolitical level of representation; highlight the possible determinants of the spatial structure of employment; and to determine the spatial structure of the level of employment disparity among the integral states in the Niger Delta Region. 2. Study area Nigeria, a country inhabited by 470 ethnic groups, distinguished by language, customs and religious beliefs, also vary in education and level of employment in the different sectors of the economy. It has a North - South divide, but politically divided into six geopolitical zones (fig. 1); three in each of the major divisions. The southern region of the country is traditionally considered to have much higher levels of education and employment in the public sector than groups in the northern region. Incidentally, the region is the part richly endowed with petroleum resources. This is particularly in the Niger Delta, made up of nine states, and cuts across the three zones that make up the southern flank of Nigeria. 134
3 International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 2 No. 6 [Special Issue March 2012]. Figure 1: Map of Nigeria showing the geopolitical zones Given the ethno-political differences in Nigeria, issues of perceived marginalization has been at the front burner of political discourses. This has been mostly in the area of political representation and employment in government owned establishment. The country s successive constitutions have specified certain provisions to encourage equity and protect groups considered to be relatively disadvantaged. The anti-discrimination clause and the Federal Character Principle are some of these steps. This paper uses a federal government owned oil firm to geographically examine the practicality of the constitutional provision in the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC). NNPC is the sole federal government regulator oil and gas exploration and exploitation companies in Nigeria. Presently the oil exploration and exploitation activities are concentrated in the Niger Delta, although downstream sector establishments are located in other parts of the country, such as the Kaduna refining company, a subsidiary of NNPC. Petroleum and gas deposits are widespread in the region, making the area the economic nerve centre of Nigeria. The NNPC has various subsidiary companies, which include; Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) Port Harcourt Refining Company; the Pipelines and Products marketing Company (PPMC); Integrated Data Service Ltd; the Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company; Hyson; Nigerian Gas Company (NGC) Warri Refining and Petrochemical Company; the Nigerian Petroleum Development Company (NPDC); Nigerian Engineering & Technical Company (NETCO); Eleme Petrochemicals Company; and the National Petroleum Investments Management Services (NAPIMS). These companies and the administrative headquarters have more than 9800 employees at the junior, senior and management category. From the available statistics the junior category include about 1,466 employees, while others are 7,420 and 926 employees respectively. How equitable are the geopolitical regions and the states represented, is revealed in this paper. 3. Method of Study This study depended largely on secondary data provided by the NNPC (2010) on its staffing composition, as well as pattern of national education level by the National Population Commission (2009). 135
4 The Special Issue on Behavioral and Social Science Centre for Promoting Ideas, USA These were used for comparative analysis, focused at juxtaposing pattern of staff composition and level of education for each of the States in the federation, as well as the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed in analyzing the data. Descriptive statistics included means, percentages and statistical maps (pie charts to be precise). Inferential statistics was the Spearman ranked order correlation. The spearman rank is a nonparametric and was used to determine the level of relationship between the rankings of the quality of population (education status between Secondary school certificate and post graduate degree) and the employments in NNPC that are associated with educational status. Statistical maps were also used in describing the spatial pattern of employment vis-à-vis the level of education required for the different positions in the employment status of NNPC. 4. Results and Discussion 4.1 States and geopolitical level of representation in NNPC 136 Table 2: Distribution of NNPC Employees by state and rankings State Number of Staff by State and Rankings by Employment Status Total employee Total employee rank Junior cadre Senior Cadre Manageme nt cadre Ranking in formal (western) education Abia AdTablamawa Akwa Ibom Anmabra Bauchi Bayelsa Benue Borno Cross River Delta 1, Ebonyi Edo Ekiti Enugu Gombe Imo Jigawa Kaduna Kano Katsina Kebbi Kogi Kwara Lagos Nassarawa Niger Ogun Ondo Osun Oyo Plateau River 1, Sokoto Taraba Yobe Zamfara FCT (ABUJA) Source: Adopted from NNPC (2009)
5 International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 2 No. 6 [Special Issue March 2012] From table 2, the mean employee per state is 272, but there appears high variation with some sates underrepresented, while few others are over-represented. The standard deviation of shows high variation of employment from the mean, implying high inequality in employment. Looking at the rankings, it is observed that states that rank within the top 10 are not evenly distributed among the geopolitical zones. For instance three (60 %) of the South East states are within these ranks; 50% of South-South; 16.7 % of North West, North Central and South West are within the top ten ranks. None of the North East ranked among the top 10 in employment status. The principles of equity and inclusiveness known as the Federal Character Principle states as follows: The composition of the Government of the Federation or any of its agencies and the conduct of its affairs shall be carried out in such a manner as to reflect the Federal Character of Nigeria and the need to promote national unity, and also to command national loyalty, thereby ensuring that there shall be no predominance of persons from a few states or from a few ethnic or other sectional groups in that government or any of its agencies. The present pattern of employment, which is skewed towards the south-south geopolitical zone, particularly Delta, Rivers, Akwa Ibom and Edo and, the North-West state of Kaduna, shows that the federal character principle is lopsided. There exist therefore spatial clusters in the distribution of employment in NNPC in Nigeria. The detection of spatial clusters of high and low employment region is an indication of the persistence of spatial disparities among Nigerian regions. This is in tandem with works of Gallo and Ertur (2003) for regional disparities in per capita GDP in Europe and Cracolici et al (2007) for Geographical distribution of unemployment in Italy. It is clear from table 3 that the concentration of employment in NNPC is tilted toward the South-South and North-West geopolitical zone. Table 3: Geo-Political Zoning of Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation S/N Geo-Political Zone Percentage Percentage/ranking per employee SSCE-University employment per status Education region/ranking Junior cadre Senior/Mgt Cadre % Rank % Rank % Rank % Rank 1 SOUTH-SOUTH st nd 2 SOUTH-WEST th st 3 SOUTH-EAST rd rd 4 NORTH-WEST nd th 5 NORTH-CENTRAL th th 6 NORTH-EAST th th 7 FCT TOTAL Source: Generated from NNPC (2009) There is equally disparity even among the integral states in the zones. For instance within the South-South as shown in fig 1, it clear that as much as 74.4 of the employees come from two states of Rivers and Delta. What could be the possible explanation for the general disparity? The next section attempts to empirically provide possible explications Akwa Ibom Bayelsa C/River Delta Edo Rivers Fig 2: distribution of employment by states in the South-South 137
6 The Special Issue on Behavioral and Social Science Centre for Promoting Ideas, USA Even within the Niger Delta regional perspectives, since oil is largely derived from the area the concentration of employment is still much skewed. From fig 3, Delta and Rivers state still have a larger share. What could be responsible for all of these? Abia Akwa ibom Bayelsa C/River Delta Edo Imo Ondo Rivers Fig.3: Employment disparity across oil producing states in Nigeria 4.2 Possible determinants of the spatial structure This is explicated on the basis of the model of employment process as provided by Gallager (1991). According to Gallager (1991) there are stages involved in the employment process. The first stage involves the population who theoretically can apply for a particular position. In a divided society the primary limitations at this stage are the geographical distribution and demographic characteristics of the groups; although in many instances geographical constraints can be mediated by mobility (Cormack et al, 1980). Conversely, if there are restrictions to mobility for one group or other this will place greater emphasis on the geographical location of employment opportunities. This helps to explain why there is high concentration of the work force in NNPC in favour of Rivers, Delta, Kaduna and Akwa Ibom states. The presence of the Kaduna refinery even far away from the source of raw material, gives the state the advantage of high employment (the advantage of proximity to facility). The second stage involves those people in the population who are qualified for the post (the potential pool of applicants). Once again certain restrictions can operate at this stage. If educational or professional qualifications are differentially spread between communities in a population, this can set limits on the potential pool of applicants. Table 2 presents data on the national pattern of education (NPC, 2009), reflecting the level of education per states and the federal Capital Territory (Abuja). The first ten states include: Lagos (ranked highest) followed respectively by Kano, Oyo, Delta Anambra, Imo, and Kaduna, Akwa Ibom, Ogun and Rivers states. Out of all four ranking 4 th, 6 th, 8 th and 10 th are oil producing states, while one ranked 7 th has NNPC facility (Kaduna refinery). These are not necessarily the first ten in both rankings of Junior and senior staff in NNPC. Using the Niger Delta as a regional illustration, correlation coefficients 0.61 in both cases of the ranking of employment status and educational status shows high relationship, but the t statistics of 1.72 as against the critical value of 2.57 at.05 level of significance (2 tailed test) show that the high correlations are not significant. Thus, even at the national level the employment level may not necessarily reflect the level of education of the states. Figs 4 and 5 show comparisons of education levels specific for certain employment status in NNPC with the percentage of employees with the Niger Delta states. The figure however tend to reflect a synchrony of education specific for the certain employment status in NNPC. 138
7 % in national with SS/MGT Cadre qualifaction/employees % in national JSS cadre qualification /employees International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 2 No. 6 [Special Issue March 2012] JSS Cadre qualification employee number 0 Fig. 4: Percentage composition with qualification for junior cadre employment and number of employees for Niger Delta states Senior/mgt cadre qualification employee number 0 Fig. 5: Percentage composition with qualification for Senior/Mgt cadre employment and number of employees for Niger Delta states Similarly, experience may be a factor in determining the pool and this may be differentially spread between communities. As reflected in figs 4 and 5, the high percentage of employees from Rivers and Delta could be attributed to the presence of NNPC facilities such as refineries, petrochemical plants, depots, zonal offices, petroleum training institutes etc, which provide proximity to employment and training. The areas also house several outfits, which provide trainings in skills that can be readily useful for employment in NNPC facilities and projects. The insider factor, proximity, competence (merit), interest and awareness (advertisement) of available opportunity may be other determinants. This may be in line with Gallager s other stages in employment process, which may result spatial disparity. The third stage, for instance, recognizes those people in the potential pool of applicants who actually apply for a post. A number of factors can restrict the number of applicants from the pool, including unattractive conditions of employment, the extent to which potential applicants are aware of the employment opportunity and perceptions of discrimination. 139
8 The Special Issue on Behavioral and Social Science Centre for Promoting Ideas, USA The second of these concerns advertising, for, if a job is not publicly advertised then the numbers from the pool who could apply is very limited. The role of perceived discrimination is less clear cut, but can have the effect that potential applicants do not apply for jobs either because they feel it is a waste of time (they might believe they will be discriminated against) or alternatively, they believe they would be made to feel unwelcome even if they did get the job. In this way perceptions can restrict the number of actual applicants from the pool of potential applicants. The fourth stage concerns the selection of interviewees from the applicants. Clearly different employers will use different methods for this selection stage: all applicants who meet minimum requirements might be invited to take one or a number of tests, selection might be based on information contained on the application forms, or even on impressions created by the application. It seems likely that the more formal the selection method and criteria, the less likely there will be differential impact on members of different groups. The fifth and final stage involves the selection of recruits from those interviewed. While purely formal selection criteria are likely to lessen differential impact on members of different groups, in practice this selection for recruitment is likely to involve the highest degree of subjective choice on the part of interviewers. Problems created by this subjective element can, to some extent, be ameliorated by the use of structured interviews, using a number of interviewers, rather than one, or by using interviewers trained in interview techniques. 5. Conclusion The Federal Character principle has unarguably forced on Nigerian national life the need to reduce the unnecessary cleavages and inequalities that have scarred the nation. Despite this there are elements of ethnoregional inclination in the distribution of employment as exemplified from the analysis of employment data from NNPC. Employment rates appear to vary widely at a sub-regional. The paper has shown that the pervasive fear of marginalization by the some Niger Delta states cannot be justified except for the observed disparity among the states within the region. The only consolation is that the results suggest a clear explanation of employment differentials in terms of spatial disequilibrium factors such as education and availability of skilled man power. 6. References Adujie, P.I (2009) Nigeria: Federal Character and Quota System Are Good Policies, Daily Trust Newspaper: 6 September, 2009, Amnesty International (2009) Petroleum, Pollution and Poverty, Amnesty International Secretarial. 66ee21d/afr en.pdf, (Browsed:17 th of December, 2011) Business Day (2009) Federal Character principle, Business Day News paper, 25 November 2009, Cracolici, M. F., Cuffaro, M and Nijkamp, P (2007), Geographical Distribution of Unemployment: An Analysis of Provincial Differences in Italy. Available at SSRN:, (Browsed: 17 th of December, 2011) Federal Character Commission (2000) Fifth Annual Report, Abuja Gallagher, A. M (1991) Majority Minority Review 2: Employment, Unemployment and Religion in Northern Ireland; Coleraine, the University of Ulster International Crisis Group (2006) Nigeria s faltering Federal Experiment, Africa Report No. 119 of 25 October 2006, International Crisis Group Working to prevent Conflicts Worldwide, index.cfm?id=4464&l=1 Le Gallo, J. and Ertur, C. (2003). Exploratory spatial data analysis of the distribution of regional per capita GDP in Europe, ; Papers in Regional Science, 82: doi: /j tb00010.x Mustapha, A. R. (2007) Institutionalizing ethnic representation: How effective is the Federal Character Commission in Nigeria? Centre for Research in Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity (CRISE) Working Paper No. 43 Nigeria Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative (2005) Handbook on Transparency and Reform In the oil, gas and solid mineral sectors, prepared by the NEIITI secretariat, The Presidency, Abuja, {Browsed on 13 th of March 2010) NNPC (2009) NNPC Staff Distribution: Facts and Figures, Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, The Nation News Paper, Friday March 5 th, 2010 UNEP (2011) Environmental Assessment of Ogoniland, United Nations Environmental Programme, (Browsed: 17 th of December, 2011) 140
Spatial Analysis of Employment Distribution in the Federal Civil Service, Nigeria
Spatial Analysis of Employment Distribution in the Federal Civil Service, Nigeria Doi:10.5901/jesr.2015.v5n1p265 Abstract U.W. Ibor (Corresponding author) Department of Geography, Federal University Lokoja,
More informationFEDERAL CHARACTER COMMISSION ESTABLISHMENT ACT
FEDERAL CHARACTER COMMISSION ESTABLISHMENT ACT ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS PART I Establishment and functions, etc., of the Federal Character Commission 1. Establishment of the Federal Character Commission,
More informationARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS PART III
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS PART I Establishment and functions, etc., of the Federal Character Commission SECTION 1. Establishment of the Federal Character Commission, etc. 2. Membership of the Commission.
More informationResults from the Afrobarometer Round 5 Survey in NIGERIA
Results from the Afrobarometer Round 5 Survey in NIGERIA 3 of 4 Public Release events 5 th August, 2013 Lagos, Nigeria www.nationalpartner.org 1 What is the Afrobarometer? The Afrobarometer (AB) is a comparative
More informationAccra Conakry Dar es Salaam Harare Johannesburg Lagos London Nairobi Perth. Nigeria Election Watch Update April 2015
Accra Conakry Dar es Salaam Harare Johannesburg Lagos London Nairobi Perth Nigeria Election Watch Update April 2015 02 Nigeria s new ruling party: opposition APC emerges overall winner in 2015 Elections
More informationResults from the Afrobarometer Round 5 Survey in NIGERIA
Results from the Afrobarometer Round 5 Survey in NIGERIA 1 of 4 Public Release events 22nd/May/13, Lagos, Nigeria www.nationalpartner.org 1 What is the Afrobarometer? The Afrobarometer (AB) is a comparative
More informationNigeria 2015 Presidential Election Results April 2015
Accra Conakry Dar es Salaam Harare Johannesburg Lagos London Nairobi Perth Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung Nigeria 2015 Presidential Election Results April 2015 02 Winds of Change in Nigeria Nigeria s long awaited
More informationADRA NIGERIA Statement of Operational Intent: Humanitarian Crisis in the Northeast. Adventist Development and Relief Agency International
Adventist Development and Relief Agency International ADRA NIGERIA Statement of Operational Intent: Humanitarian Crisis in the Northeast August 2017 August 2018 The Adventist Development and Relief Agency
More informationNIGERIA WATCH PROJECT
NIGERIA WATCH PROJECT Volume 1 www.nigeriawatch.org Newsletter No 4, Sept-Dec, 214 IN THIS ISSUE Editorial 1 Quarterly trend analysis 2 o General Trends 2-5 o Causes of Violence 6 o The Boko Haram Insurgency
More informationCITIZENSHIP AND LEADERSHIP TRAINING CENTRE ACT
CITIZENSHIP AND LEADERSHIP TRAINING CENTRE ACT ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS Establishment of the Citizenship and Leadership Training Centre, etc. 1. Establishment of the Citizenship and Leadership Training
More informationAid allocation within countries
July 2017 Briefing note Aid allocation within countries Does it go to areas left behind? Harsh Desai and Romilly Greenhill Key findings Donors need to be working with governments more effectively to ensure
More informationConstitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999
Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 Arrangement of sections Chapter I General Provisions Part I Federal Republic of Nigeria 1. Supremacy of constitution. 2 The Federal Republic of Nigeria.
More informationCOUNSELLING FOR 21ST CENTURY POLITICAL CHANGES IN ACHIEVING NIGERIA S VISION 20:2020
European Scientific Journal February edition vol. 8, No.4 ISSN: 857 788 (Print) e - ISSN 857-743 COUNSELLING FOR 2ST CENTURY POLITICAL CHANGES IN ACHIEVING NIGERIA S VISION 2:22 Omoniyi M.B.I, PhD Department
More informationSpatial dimension of poverty in rural Nigeria
Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics Vol. 2(6), pp. 231-244, June 2010 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/jdae ISSN 2006-9774 2010 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper
More informationAccepted for publication 7 December Introduction
Lepr Rev (2005) 76, 65 76 Progress towards the elimination of leprosy in Nigeria: a review of the role of policy implementation and operational factors OSAHON I. OGBEIWI Leprosy Mission International,
More informationLabor Force Statistics Vol. 1: Unemployment and Underemployment Report (Q1-Q3 2017)
Labor Force Statistics Vol. 1: and Underemployment Report (Q1-Q3 2017) Report Date: December 2017 Contents Summary 1 Definition and Methodology 3 Labor Force and Non-Labor Force and Underemployment 3 8
More informationNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SEEDS ACT
NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SEEDS ACT ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS PART I Establishment, etc., of the National Agricultural Seeds Council 1. Establishment of the National Agricultural Seeds Council. 2. Membership
More informationThe making of Nigeria as a sovereign state - A theoretical prognosis and analysis of a balanced federalism
GEOGRAFIA Online TM Malaysian Journal of Society and Space 10 issue 2 (34-45) 34 The making of Nigeria as a sovereign state - A theoretical prognosis and analysis of a balanced federalism Bassey, Antigha
More informationENHANCING THE OPERATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS OF COOPERATIVE ORGANIZATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE JOB CREATION IN NIGERIA
ENHANCING THE OPERATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS OF COOPERATIVE ORGANIZATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE JOB CREATION IN NIGERIA Agba, A. M. Ogaboh Department of Sociology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State,
More informationAccepted 4 March, 2012
Journal of Public Administration and Policy Research Vol. 4(3), pp. 50-55, April 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/jpapr DOI: 10.5897/JPAPR11.061 ISSN 2141-2480 2012 Academic Journals
More informationKey Words: Unemployment, Gross Domestic Product, Population and Oil.
Unemployment and Nigerian Economic Growth (1985-2009) By Asoluka Njoku (njokuasoluka@yahoo.com) And Okezie A. Ihugba (ihugbablack@yahoo.com) Department Of Economics, Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education,
More informationWinning the Fight but Losing the Battle: Beyond the Successful Prosecution of Unlawful Carnal Knowledge of the Girl-Child in Nigeria
Beijing Law Review, 2016, 7, 51-56 Published Online March 2016 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/blr http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/blr.2016.71006 Winning the Fight but Losing the Battle: Beyond the Successful
More informationCommunal Conflict in Nasarawa State
Humanitarian Bulletin Nigeria Issue 07 October 2013 In this issue Communal Conflict in Nasarawa State P.1 Relocating Communities on Floodplains P.1 HIGHLIGHTS Over 40,000 people displaced by intercommunal
More informationElectoral Process and Good Governance: The Nigerian Challenge 2015
http:www.internationalpolicybrief.org/journals/international-scientific-research-consortium-journals INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES IN HUMANITIES, MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL Electoral Process
More informationPolicy Brief. Violent radicalisation in northern Nigeria: The Macro Regional Context
Policy Brief Violent radicalisation in northern Nigeria: The Macro Regional Context 3 BACKGROUND With the outbreak of the Islamist insurgency in northern Nigeria headed by the Jama atu Ahlul Sunna li
More informationIOM NIGERIA EMERGENCY RESPONSE ACTIVITIES. Nguru. Barde. Jama'Are. Dukku. Kwami Gombe. Kirfi TARABA. DTM data collection
EMERGENCY RESPONSE ACTIVITIES 3 January 08 IOM provides life-saving assistance improving the living condition of the affected population through provision of Non-Food Items (NFI), Shelter and Water, Sanitation
More informationEthnicityReligionandVotersBehaviourTheExperienceofthe2015PresidentialElectioninNigeria
Global Journal of HUMANSOCIAL SCIENCE: F Political Science Volume 17 Issue 4 Version 1.0 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN:
More informationDELEGATION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION TO NIGERIA AND ECOWAS
1 ABOUT PLAC Founded in 2009, PLAC is an independent, non-partisan, non-profit capacity building organization that works to strengthen democratic governance and citizens participation in Nigeria. Through
More informationIFRA-Nigeria The Nigeria Watch Project FATALITY TRENDS
IFRA-Nigeria The Nigeria Watch Project FATALITY TRENDS Volume 1 www.nigeriawatch.org Newsleter N0.2 January-April, 2014 FATALITY TRENDS JANUARY APRIL 2014 Executive Summary Page 1 Regional Analyses: Page
More informationElite Capture, Institutional Performance and the 2015 National Electoral Outcomes in Nigeria
Elite Capture, Institutional Performance and the 2015 National Electoral Outcomes in Nigeria Dung Pam Sha PhD Professor of Political Economy and Development Studies Office of Research and Development University
More informationUNLocK Nigeria. Beyond Terror and Militants: Assessing Conflict Risk in Nigeria
UNLocK Nigeria Beyond Terror and Militants: Assessing Conflict Risk in Nigeria May - October 2012 55th Anniversary 1957-2012 Founded in 1957, the Fund for Peace is an independent, nonpartisan, 501(c)(3)
More informationTHE SENATE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA. ORDER PAPER Wednesday, 5th June, 2013
7TH NATIONAL ASSEMBLY SECOND SESSION NO. 188 338 1. Prayers 2. Approval of the Votes and Proceedings 3. Oaths 4. Announcements (if any) 5. Petitions THE SENATE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA ORDER PAPER Wednesday,
More informationThe Subsidy Reinvestment And Empowerment (Sure) Programme Implementation in Nigeria: Potentials For National Youth Unemployment Reduction
The Subsidy Reinvestment And Empowerment (Sure) Programme Implementation in Nigeria: Potentials For National Youth Unemployment Reduction Chukwuka E. Ugwu Abstract The unrelenting youth unemployment in
More informationThe Effect of Farmer-Pastoralist Violence on State-level Internal Revenue Generation in Nigeria
The Effect of Farmer-Pastoralist Violence on State-level Internal Revenue Generation in Nigeria A Modified Synthetic Control Analysis Approach Topher L. McDougal a, Talia Hagerty b, Lisa Inks c, Caitriona
More informationSENATE OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA ORDER PAPER
8TH NATIONAL ASSEMBLY THIRD SESSION NO. 11 37 1. Prayers 2. Approval of the Votes and Proceedings 3. Oaths 4. Announcements (if any) 5. Petitions SENATE OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA ORDER PAPER Wednesday,
More informationApopulation have focused on the total census figures and
International Journal of Development Strategies in Humanities, Management and Social Sciences IJDSHMSS Volume 8, Number 1 April, 2018 ISSN Print: 2360-9036 Online: 2360-9044 Manipulation and Politicisation
More informationSocial Development. NG-Journal of Social Development, VOL. 6, No. 1, February Journal homepage:
Social Development NG-Journal of Social Development, VOL. 6, No. 1, February 2017 Journal homepage: www.arabianjbmr.com/ngjsd_index.php REPOSITIONING THE NIGERIAN YOUTHS FOR SELF EMPLOYMENT: A PROGNOSIS
More informationHISTORICAL DIALECTICS OF 2015 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION: IMPLICATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY IN NIGERIA
HISTORICAL DIALECTICS OF 2015 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION: IMPLICATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY IN NIGERIA Uhembe Clement Ahar Department of Political Science, Federal University Lafia, Lafia, Nasarawa State
More informationSENATE OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA ORDER PAPER
8TH NATIONAL ASSEMBLY THIRD SESSION NO. 58 194 1. Prayers 2. Approval of the Votes and Proceedings 3. Oaths 4. Announcements (if any) 5. Petitions SENATE OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA ORDER PAPER
More informationHarnessing Human Resource Development for Rural Development in Nigeria
Harnessing Human Resource Development for Rural Development in Nigeria S. O. Onimole Phd Mni Department of Entrepreneurship Joseph Ayo Babalola University (Jabu) Ikeji- Arakeji, Osun State Nigeria Abstract
More informationBusiness and Economic Review
April 2015 Business and Economic Review RTC Advisory Services Ltd. Nigeria Outlook Post-2015 Elections RTC Advisory Services Ltd 1 Introduction Short-Term Political Risk Defused. The Euphoria of Change
More informationNIGER-DELTA DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION (ESTABLISHMENT ETC) ACT 2000 ACT NO 6 LAWS OF THE FEDERATION OF NIGERIA
NIGER-DELTA DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION (ESTABLISHMENT ETC) ACT 2000 ACT NO 6 LAWS OF THE FEDERATION OF NIGERIA Arrangement of Sections Part I Establishment, Etc of The Niger-Delta Commission and the Governing
More informationData Codebook. Round 5 Afrobarometer Survey. Nigeria
Data Codebook for a Round 5 Afrobarometer Survey in Nigeria Prepared by: Dominique Lewis Michigan State University May 2013 The Institute for Democracy in South Africa (IDASA) Ghana Centre for Democratic
More informationSENATE OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA ORDER PAPER Tuesday, 20th November, 2007
6TH NATIONAL ASSEMBLY FIRST SESSION NO. 70 168 1. Prayers SENATE OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA ORDER PAPER 2. Approval of the Votes and Proceedings 3. Oaths 4. Announcements (if any) 5. Petitions
More informationHumanitarian Bulletin Nigeria. Humanitarian Impact of Communal Conflict in Nasarawa State
Humanitarian Bulletin Nigeria Issue 06 October 2013. Over 5.9 million people are thought to have been affected by the insurgency in the north east Nigeria To date 15 camps established in 12 states for
More informationIDENTITY POLITICS AND PEACEFUL CO-EXISTENCE IN NIGERIA: A CRITICAL EVALUATION
IDENTITY POLITICS AND PEACEFUL CO-EXISTENCE IN NIGERIA: A CRITICAL EVALUATION OKEKE CHRISTIAN CHIDI Doctoral student of Political Science Department, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Igbariam, Anambra,
More information9.5 MILLION 8.3 MILLION. 4.7 MILLION Targeted for food security and malnutrition. 7.2 MILLION People affected in Sahelian states
NIGERIA December 2013 9.5 MILLION People Affected 8.3 MILLION People in Need and People Targeted 4.7 MILLION Targeted for food security and malnutrition 7.2 MILLION People affected in Sahelian states 4.2
More informationCOMMODITY BOARDS ACT
COMMODITY BOARDS ACT ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS PART I: Establishment of Commodity Boards 1. Establishment, etc., of Commodity Boards. 2. Membership of each Board. 3. General Manager and Secretary. 4. Staff
More informationConstitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria Chapter I
Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 Arrangement of sections Chapter I General Provisions Part I Federal Republic of Nigeria 1. Supremacy of constitution. 2 The Federal Republic of Nigeria.
More informationManaging police personnel for effective crime control in Nigeria
Article Managing police personnel for effective crime control in Nigeria International Journal of Police Science & Management 2017, Vol. 19(1) 11 22 ª The Author(s) 2016 Reprints and permission: sagepub.co.uk/journalspermissions.nav
More informationTerminal Evaluation. Of Democratic Governance. for Development Phase II. (DGD II) Project ( ) FINAL EVALUATION REPORT.
FINAL EVALUATION REPORT Submitted to UNDP Nigeria Country Office Terminal Evaluation Of Democratic Governance ON 4 th November 2016 for Development Phase II (DGD II) Project BY MAUREEN WANG ATI-GNAGBO
More informationPUBLIC ENTERPRISES (PRIVATISATION AND COMMERCIALISATION) ACT
Edition 2013 PUBLIC ENTERPRISES (PRIVATISATION AND COMMERCIALISATION) ACT SCHEDULES FIRST SCHEDULE [Section 1 (1 ).] PART I [Amended S.l. 4 of 2001.] Edition 2013 SECOND SCHEDULE [Section 6 (1).]
More informationDISPLACEMENT TRACKING MATRIX (DTM) Round VII Report - December 2015 DISPLACEMENT HIGHLIGHTS
DISPLACEMENT TRACKING MATRIX (DTM) Round VII Report - December 2015 DISPLACEMENT HIGHLIGHTS 2,151,979 individuals (313,575 households) were identified in Adamawa, Bauchi, Benue, Borno, Gombe, Taraba, Yobe,
More informationAFROBAROMETER ROUND 5
AFROBAROMETER ROUND 5 THE QUALITY OF DEMOCRACY AND GOVERNANCE IN NIGERIA Document revised: 0 th March 0 Respondent Number Fieldworker No. Data Entry Clerk No. Field Number: N I G N I G N I G [Office Use
More informationThe Underdevelopment of Nigeria s Niger Delta Region: Who is to Blame?
Journal of Sustainable Development; Vol. 7, No. 3; 2014 ISSN 1913-9063 E-ISSN 1913-9071 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education The Underdevelopment of Nigeria s Niger Delta Region: Who is
More informationAn Appraisal of the Legal Framework for Child Justice Administration in Nigeria
Journal of Law and Criminal Justice June 2018, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 82-97 ISSN: 2374-2674(Print), 2374-2682(Online) Copyright The Author(s). All Rights Reserved. Published by American Research Institute
More informationBANDITRY AND CRISIS OF PUBLIC SAFETY IN NIGERIA: ISSUES IN NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGICS
BANDITRY AND CRISIS OF PUBLIC SAFETY IN NIGERIA: ISSUES IN NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGICS Okoli, Al Chukwuma Okpaleke Francis Department of Political Science, Federal University Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
More informationTHE NECESSITY FOR NOMADIC EDUCATION IN NIGERIA. Dr. Tabotndip, J. E.
Abstract THE NECESSITY FOR NOMADIC EDUCATION IN NIGERIA Dr. Tabotndip, J. E. The migrant groups in Nigeria constitute a substantial proportion of the Nigerian population. They are a formidable front in
More informationLegal Framework for Combating Human Trafficking In Nigeria: The Journey So Far
Legal Framework for Combating Human Trafficking In Nigeria: The Journey So Far KIGBU, S.K, Ph.D. Senior lecturer, Department of Private Law, Faculty of Law, University of Jos-Nigeria. Y.B. HASSAN, Ph.D.
More informationUpdate on the Northeast
Humanitarian Bulletin Nigeria Issue 07 September 2014 HIGHLIGHTS Up to 1.5 million IDPs and 75,000 refugees/returnees as a result of conflict in the Northeast. There are over 60,000 new IDPs in Maiduguri
More informationNigeria Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review
1 September 2008 Public amnesty international Nigeria Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review Fourth session of the UPR Working Group of the Human Rights Council February 2009 AI Index: AFR 44/016/2008
More informationPoverty And Rural-Urban Habitats In Nigeria
Poverty And Rural-Urban Habitats In Nigeria Isah Mohammed Abbass PhD, Department of Political Science Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria Abstract: Given the tremendous explosions of urban settlements
More informationNigeria Watch First Annual Report on Public Violence ( )
Nigeria Watch First Annual Report on Public Violence (2006-2007) I am pleased to introduce our first Annual Report on public violence in Nigeria. It is based on data collated between 1 st June 2006 and
More informationFrom cooperation to contention. Political unsettlement and farmer-pastoralist conflicts in Nigeria. spotlight
From cooperation to contention Political unsettlement and farmer-pastoralist conflicts in Nigeria spotlight From cooperation to contention: political unsettlement and farmerpastoralist conflicts in Nigeria
More informationWOMEN EMPOWERMENT AND DEMOCRATIC CONSOLIDATION IN NIGERIA: A PROGNOSIS
WOMEN EMPOWERMENT AND DEMOCRATIC CONSOLIDATION IN NIGERIA: A PROGNOSIS IDIKE, ADELINE NNENNA. (Ph.D) DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA ABSTRACT The
More informationDemographic dynamics and development in Nigeria: Issues and perspectives
Abstract Demographic dynamics and development in Nigeria: Issues and perspectives Akanni Ibukun Akinyemi 1 and Uche C. Isiugo-Abanihe 2 1 Demography and Social Statistics Department, ObafemiAwolowo University,
More informationTessential if society must develop and move forward to a desirable socioeconomic
Social Sciences Journal of Policy Review and Development Strategies SSJPRDS ISSN Print: 2488-9636 ISSN Online: 2488-9628 Volume 5, Number 1 September, 2018 Security and Socio-Economic Development of Nigeria
More informationHUMAN RIGHTS AND POVERTY REDUCTION: EXPLORING THE RELEVANCE OF LEGAL EMPOWERMENT OF THE POOR IN POVERTY REDUCTION IN NIGERIA
HUMAN RIGHTS AND POVERTY REDUCTION: EXPLORING THE RELEVANCE OF LEGAL EMPOWERMENT OF THE POOR IN POVERTY REDUCTION IN NIGERIA By Lagi Odinakaonye Submitted to Central European University Legal Studies Department
More informationSENATE OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA ORDER PAPER
8TH NATIONAL ASSEMBLY 406 THIRD SESSION NO. 139 SENATE OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA ORDER PAPER Wednesday, 28 th March, 2018 1. Prayers 2. Approval of the Votes and Proceedings 3. Oaths 4. Announcements
More informationI. SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
STATEMENT OF THE NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTE (NDI) INTERNATIONAL ELECTION OBSERVER DELEGATION TO NIGERIA S APRIL 21 PRESIDENTIAL AND NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS Abuja, April 23, 2007 This statement is
More informationWith the support of the INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR HUMAN RIGHTS (FIDH) & MINORITY RIGHTS GROUP INTERNATIONAL (MRG)
Civil Liberties Organisation 13 SOJI ADEPEGBA CLOSE OFF ALLEN AVENUE PO BOX 11682 IKEJA LAGOS NIGERIA Tel : 00 234 1 774 6694 or 00 234 1 493 9325 Fax : 00 234 1 493 9324 Status of the Implementation of
More informationPolicy Implementation and Sports Development in Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Vol. 1, No. 1; March 2014 43 Policy Implementation and Sports Development in Bayelsa State, Nigeria Inengite, I. 1 Ajibua, M.A. 2 Abstract Introduction Studies have stated that policies give direction
More informationTHE SENATE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA VOTES AND PROCEEDINGS. Wednesday, 17th October, 2018
8m NATIONAL ASSEMBLY FOURm SESSION NO. 16 775 THE SENATE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA VOTES AND PROCEEDINGS Wednesday, 17th October, 2018 1. The Senate met at 10:57 a.m. The Senate President read Prayers.
More informationLocal government autonomy and development of localities in Nigeria: issues, problems and suggestions
67 Local government autonomy and development of localities in Nigeria: issues, problems and suggestions Joseph Imhanlahimi 1 Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria imhanje@yahoo.com The topical issue
More informationA BILL [Executive] 1999 No. C 45. Section PART I ESTABLISHMENT, ETC-, THE NIGER-DELTA DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION AND
1999 No. C 45 A BILL FOR [Executive] AN ACT TO ESTABLISH THE NIGER-DELTA DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION.1999 Section ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS PART I ESTABLISHMENT, ETC-, THE NIGER-DELTA DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION AND
More informationMICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM -SCALE ENTERPRISE (MSME) DEVELOPMENT IN BAYELSA STATE: PARTNERING WITH UNIVERSITIES
MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM -SCALE ENTERPRISE (MSME) DEVELOPMENT IN BAYELSA STATE: PARTNERING WITH UNIVERSITIES Prof. Mobolaji E. Aluko Vice-Chancellor, Federal University, Otuoke Talk Presented to 2013 SME
More informationResearch on Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (Paper) ISSN (Online) Vol.3, No.1, 2013
Economic Development and Mass Poverty in Africa: Assessment of the Nigerian Experience ERUNKE CANICE ESIDENE and UCHEM RAPHAEL ONYEBUCHI DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY, KEFFI-NIGERIA,
More informationAccountability Culture and Public Acceptability of Local Government System for Enhanced Grassroot Development in Nigeria: the Role of Public Relations
Accountability Culture and Public Acceptability of Local Government System for Enhanced Grassroot Development in Nigeria: the Role of Public Relations Ben Odigbo, Ph.D Dept. of Marketing, University of
More informationLessons from the Monitoring of Programmes with a Focus on Sustainable Cities, Human Mobility and International Migration
Lessons from the Monitoring of Programmes with a Focus on Sustainable Cities, Human Mobility and International Migration Dr. Benoit Kalasa, Director Technical Division United Nations Population Fund 09
More informationDISPLACEMENT TRACKING MATRIX (DTM) Round IX Report - April, 2016 DISPLACEMENT HIGHLIGHTS
DISPLACEMENT TRACKING MATRIX (DTM) Round IX Report - April, 2016 DISPLACEMENT HIGHLIGHTS 2,155,618 individuals (352,840 households) were identified in Adamawa, Bauchi, Benue, Taraba, Yobe, Nasarawa, Plateau,
More informationOne of the Women Major Group representative.
PRESENTATION OF THE NIGER DELTA WOMEN S MOVEMENT FOR PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT (NDWPD) BY AMB. CAROLINE USIKPEDO-OMONIYE FOUNDER / NATIONAL PRESIDENT NDWPD At the 14 th Global Major Groups and Stakeholders
More informationFACTS & FIGURES. Jan-Jun September 2016 HUMANITARIAN SITUATION EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE & LIVELIHOOD SUPPORT
FACTS & FIGURES September 2016 HUMANITARIAN SITUATION Jan-Jun 2017 In Nigeria s north-east people continue suffering the severe consequences of protracted conflict between the government and the armed
More informationThe Candidates Emerge
March 20067 Issue 3 Volume 1 AN NDI N IGERIA NEWSLETTER ON TH E ELECTIONS The Candidates Emerge andidates have started emerging for C the elections. While the process by which candidates in some political
More information10 MYTHS ABOUT VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA
10 MYTHS ABOUT VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA NIGERIA WATCH TABLE OF CONTENTS MYTH 1 NIGERIA IS MORE AND MORE DANGEROUS MYTH 2 ECONOMIC RECESSION LEADS TO MORE VIOLENCE MYTH 6 ABUJA IS SAFE MYTH 7 THERE ARE MORE
More informationInternational Journal of Business, Economics and Management IMPACT OF MICROFINANCE LENDING ON ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THIRDWORLD NATIONS: STUDY OF NIGERIA
International Journal of Business, Economics and Management Journal homepage: http://pakinsight.com/?ic=aimandscope&journal=62 IMPACT OF MICROFINANCE LENDING ON ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THIRDWORLD NATIONS: STUDY
More informationSEVENTH REPORT ON VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA
TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD 3 LIST OF FIGURES AND ACRONYMS 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND BULLET POINTS 6 MAIN FINDINGS IN 7 1 GENERAL TRENDS (2006 -) 7 2 MAIN CAUSES OF VIOLENCE IN 8 2.1 CRIME 9 2.2 POLITICAL
More informationThe Political Economy of Oil Price Deregulation and the Subsidy Fraud Crisis: A Study of Systematic Bureaucratic Corruption in Nigeria
The Political Economy of Oil Price Deregulation and the Subsidy Fraud Crisis: A Study of Systematic Bureaucratic Corruption in Nigeria MOSES ADESOLA, ADEBISI, (PhD) Department of Sociology, Faculty of
More informationELECTION SECURITY THREAT ASSESSMENT: TOWARDS 2015 ELECTIONS. Ninth Edition January, With Support from the MacArthur Foundation
ELECTION SECURITY THREAT ASSESSMENT: TOWARDS 2015 ELECTIONS Ninth Edition January, 2015 With Support from the MacArthur Foundation Table of Contents Background and Political Context...1 Preparations for
More informationNO. 5, September, 2013
NO. 5, September, 2013 Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying
More informationEnforcing the TIPPLEA Act to curb emerging trends in Human Trafficking: A study of the baby trade in South East Nigeria
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Second Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking, 2010 Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking
More informationPRESENTER: JOHN CHEN Ph.D LEAD CONSULTANT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER, ELECTION SOLUTIONS CONSULT NIG. LIMITED
PAPER PRESENTATION AT THE NIGERIAN ARMY SCHOOL OF MILITARY ENGINEERING (NASME), AS CAPACITY BUILDING ON ELECTION SECURITY TO OFFICERS AND MEN OF THE COMMAND PRESENTER: JOHN CHEN Ph.D LEAD CONSULTANT AND
More informationThey Do Not Own This Place Government Discrimination Against Non-Indigenes in Nigeria
April 2006 Volume 18, No. 3(A) They Do Not Own This Place Government Discrimination Against Non-Indigenes in Nigeria Summary... 1 Recommendations... 4 To the Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria...
More informationLessons from the Monitoring of Programmes with a Focus on Sustainable Cities, Human Mobility and International Migration
Lessons from the Monitoring of Programmes with a Focus on Sustainable Cities, Human Mobility and International Migration Dr. Benoit Kalasa, Director Technical Division United Nations Population Fund 28
More informationSaudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. DOI: /sjhss ISSN (Print)
DOI: 10.21276/sjhss.2017.2.1.10 Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Scholars Middle East Publishers Dubai, United Arab Emirates Website: http://scholarsmepub.com/ ISSN 2415-6256 (Print) ISSN
More informationPROJECT 2011 SWIFTCOUNT
National Steering Committee Members DafeAkpedeye (SAN) 1 st Co-Chair MashoodErubami 2 nd Co-Chair Dr. Aisha Akanbi Rev. Fr. ZachariaSamjumi Priscilla Achakpa Rev. Fr. BernardAsogo Reuben James Farida Sada
More informationNIGERIA TRAVEL SAFETY GUIDE
NIGERIA TRAVEL SAFETY GUIDE Contents Contents... 2 1. Last Minute... 3 2. Administrative Requirements... 3 2.1 Documents... 3 2.2 Vaccinations... 3 2.3 Currency... 4 3. Security conditions... 4 3.1 Crime...
More informationFifteen Years of Democracy, : Reflections on Nigeria s Quest for National Integration
59 An International Multidisciplinary Journal, Ethiopia Vol. 9(2), Serial No. 37, April, 2015:59-77 ISSN 1994-9057 (Print) ISSN 2070-0083 (Online) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v9i2.5 Fifteen Years
More informationAFRREV IJAH An International Journal of Arts and Humanities Bahir Dar, Ethiopia Vol. 1 (3), August, 2012:
AFRREV IJAH An International Journal of Arts and Humanities Bahir Dar, Ethiopia Vol. 1 (3), August, 2012:208-233 ISSN: 2225-8590 (Print) ISSN 2227-5452 (Online) Nigeria Prisons and the Dispensation of
More informationCONTENTS INTRODUCTION ORIGIN AND REGIONAL SETTING DISTRIBUTION AND GROWTH OF POPULATION SOCIAL COMPOSITION OF POPULATION 46 53
CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE NOs. INTRODUCTION 1 8 1 ORIGIN AND REGIONAL SETTING 9 19 2 DISTRIBUTION AND GROWTH OF POPULATION 20 44 3 SOCIAL COMPOSITION OF POPULATION 46 53 4 SEX COMPOSITION OF POPULATION 54
More informationBENIN. 100 km. 618,089 houses damaged or destroyed
Nigeria: Floods Situation Report No. 1 (as of 06 November 2012) This report is produced by OCHA Humanitarian Advisory team in Nigeria in collaboration with humanitarian partners. It covers the period to
More information