Pull and Push Factors for International Students in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom

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1 Pull and Push Factors for International Students in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom NAFSA: Association of International Educators Boston, Massachusetts May 28, 2015

2 Presenters: Jennifer Humphries, Vice-President, Canadian Bureau for International Education (CBIE) Brett Blacker, President, International Education Association of Australia (IEAA) Dominic Scott, Chief Executive, UK Council for International Student Affairs (UKCISA)

3 Learning Objectives Gain knowledge of current immigration policies for international students in Australia, Canada and the UK, recent changes, and programs that encourage or discourage retention Consider how immigration policy impacts the ability of the country to attract and retain international students Understand the role that educational institutions play in immigration policy and practice

4

5 CBIE at a glance National, bilingual, not-for-profit, membership organization founded in 1966 celebrating our 50th anniversary in 2016 Dedicated to the internationalization of education and partnerships between Canada and countries across the globe 150 members across Canada & sister associations worldwide including NAFSA 49 th Annual Conference: Niagara Falls, November 22-25, 2015 first ever conference on the border

6 Canada: Permanent Immigration Target: 250,000 to 285,000 immigrants in Skilled workers (economic immigrants), Family members (including spouses) and Refugees. For the past 20 years, Canada has welcomed over 200,000 permanent immigrants per year. Source:

7 Immigration Trends In 2011, Canada had a foreign-born population of about 6,775,800 people representing 20.6% of the total population, highest proportion in G8. Asia (including the Middle East) was Canada's largest source of immigrants in the past five years, although the share of immigration from Africa, Caribbean, Central and South America increased slightly. The vast majority of the foreign-born population lived in four provinces: Ontario, British Columbia, Québec and Alberta, and most lived in the nation's largest urban centres. More than 200 ethnic origins were reported in the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011,13 different ethnic origins had surpassed the 1-million mark. Source:

8 Students: Ideal Immigrants International students have Canadian education and training. High level of English and/or French. Education credentials that will be recognized by Canadian employers. Adjusted to Canadian society. Likely to integrate into the Canadian job market with less difficulty.

9 Students: Ideal Immigrants Source:

10 Impacts of Immigration Policy on International Student Decision-Making In CBIE s 2014 Survey, 35% of students said that the possibility of working full-time in Canada post-graduation was a key reason for choosing Canada. The opportunity to work part-time during studies was also important. Being able to apply for permanent resident status without leaving the country was valued.

11 Where do students come from? Top 10 countries of origin China 26,238 France 8,325 India 8,142 United States 7,437 Korea 4,218 Saudi Arabia 3,168 Iran 2,805 Nigeria 2,031 Pakistan 1,929 China, Hong Kong 1,566

12 International students in Canada by year, 2003 to 2013, all levels of study

13 Student satisfaction with their Canadian experience Source: CBIE A World of Learning Canada s performance and potential in international education

14 Pull Factors Post Graduation Work Permit On-Campus and Off-Campus Work No Permit Needed Co-op Work Spouses can work in Canada Application from within Canada for change in Study Permit, Permanent Resident status Canadian Experience Class Provincial Nominee Programs Federal Skilled Worker Program, Federal Skilled Trades Program

15 Push Factors NEW Express Entry: Concern about Comprehensive Ranking System which focuses on work and does not give added points for education in Canada NEW International Mobility Program Changes: New requirements for short-term research students, visiting researchers, workers NEW Compliance Reporting: Definitions and technical issues Section 91: International Student Advisers (ISAs) cannot advise students unless they are regulated NEW RISIA program Processing Delays: Perception is negative even when times improve

16 Intention to seek permanent resident status in Canada following studies, by region of origin MENA = Middle East and Northern Africa Source: CBIE A World of Learning Canada s performance and potential in international education

17 Canada s International Education Strategy Recognizes international education as a priority sector The International Education Strategy is centred on: Setting targets to attract international students Focusing on six priority education markets Branding Canada Strengthening research partnerships and educational exchanges Supporting activities and leveraging resources to maximize results

18 Canada s Global Engagement Challenge Branding Canadian education and research for its excellence and innovation Positioning study abroad for Canadians as an imperative for economic competitiveness and social development Delivering on the promise of the international student experience Reinforcing Canada's role as a "partner" (rather than "poacher") in its approach to international education

19 In Conclusion: Lots of Pulls, some Pushes Enhancements in June 2014 Work opportunities for students and spouses Supportive environment: international student services, welcoming, multicultural campuses and communities Great pathways from language learning, secondary level studies, orientation and foundation programs, to post-secondary education in colleges, institutes, cégeps, universities BUT Uncertainty policy/practice changes in 2015 Processing delays Source:

20 Pull and Push Factors for International students in Australia, Canada and the UK Australia update Brett Blacker President, International Education Association Australia (IEAA) Director International University of Newcastle 28 May 2015

21 Pull Factors: Significant Policy Drivers Genuine Temporary Entrant Streamlined Visa Processing And Post Study Work rights ieaa.org.au

22 Genuine Temporary Entrants On 5 November 2011, the Government introduced a new genuine temporary entrant (GTE) requirement as an upfront integrity measure. Student visa applicants must be both a GTE and a Genuine Student to be granted a visa. To be granted a student visa, applicants must satisfy the department that they have a genuine intention to stay in Australia temporarily. Factors that the department considers as part of the GTE requirement include: circumstances in the applicant s home country the applicant s potential circumstances in Australia the applicant s immigration history the value of the course to the applicant s future any other matter relevant to the applicant s intention to stay temporarily. ieaa.org.au

23 Streamlined Visa Processing updates On 24 March 2012 Streamlined Student Visa processing arrangements were introduced for prospective international students with a Confirmation of Enrolment (CoE) from a participating university at bachelor, masters or doctoral degree level or for a non-award university student exchange or study abroad programme. On 22 March 2014 Streamlined Student Visa processing arrangements were extended to certain eligible non-university higher education providers for bachelor, masters or doctoral degree level courses. On 23 November 2014 Streamlined student visa processing arrangements were extended to certain eligible vocational education and training (VET) and higher education providers for advanced diploma level courses. ieaa.org.au

24 Post Study Work These arrangements provide an opportunity for graduates to spend some time in Australia following their studies, gaining practical work experience to accompany their Australian qualification. The post-study work arrangements are not linked to the skilled migration program. Applicants will not need to nominate an occupation on the Skilled Occupation List or undertake a skills assessment. This is designed to encourage courses on the basis of their educational interest, rather than a migration outcome. ieaa.org.au

25 Post Study Work Bachelors and Masters by Coursework graduates will be eligible for a post-study work of two (2) years. Masters by Research will be eligible for three (3) years. Doctoral degree graduates will be eligible for four (4) years. Applicants must meet the Australian Study Requirement which includes 2 academic years study in Australia. Available for students who applied for a student visa on or after 5 November ieaa.org.au

26 How is Australia tracking? Offshore student visa lodgements increased by 4.9% (Dec 2014), with Higher Education (573 visas) comprising 42% Total student visa grants (353,704) increased by 17.4% over prior year (Dec 2014) Australia had 589,860 international student enrolments the highest recorded number since 2010 (Dec 2014) Top source countries: China 25.9% India 10.7% Vietnam 5.1% Korea 4.7% Thailand 4.3% All other nationalities 49.3% Source: Australian Government Department of Education and Training Monthly Summary of International Student Enrolment Data Australia Dec ieaa.org.au

27 Australia International Student Commencements ieaa.org.au Number of student visa commencements March 2012 March 2015 Source: Australian Government Department of Education and Training Monthly Summary of International Student Enrolment Data Australia YTD March 2015

28 Student visa applications granted Number of student visa applications granted in to 31 December 2014 (by citizenship), compared with same period in previous year. Source: Australian Government Department of Education and Training ieaa.org.au

29 Visa holders in Australia ieaa.org.au Number of student visa holders in Australia as at 31 December 2014 (by visa subclass), compared with the same date in previous year. Source: Australian Government Department of Education and Training

30 Push Factors - Australian Gov t Support New Colombo Plan The Australian Government has committed $100 million over five years to the New Colombo Plan. Scholarships and mobility grants are on offer through the New Colombo Plan. The 2014 program launch was successful in supporting approximately 1,300 mobility program students and 40 scholarship recipients to study in four pilot locations: Indonesia Japan Singapore Hong Kong Under the mobility program, Australian universities develop project bids for grants to fund student programs. These grants are transferred to the students at a rate of between AUD1,000 and AUD7,000 per student. ieaa.org.au

31 Australian Government Support New Colombo Plan More than 3,000 students from 37 universities will live, study and work in the Indo-Pacific region during the second year of the Australian Government s New Colombo Plan. New Colombo Plan mobility grants will support these students to study in 32 locations across the Indo-Pacific from India in the west, to Mongolia in the north and the Cook Islands in the east, Minister Julie Bishop Around $20 million in mobility grants will be available in Multi-year funding will be available for mobility projects that can be delivered over up to three years. Around 100 New Colombo Plan scholarships. ieaa.org.au Community support Bennelong Foundation, Myers and Asialink joint support of close to $1 Million for pre-departure intercultural competency training. Outreach through schools sector. Promotion/ facilitation of Asian language training courses.

32 Australian - outbound The number of international study experiences undertaken by Australian undergraduate students in 2013 =17,812 Equivalent to 14.8% of domestic undergraduate completions in Almost one in seven completing Australian undergraduate students in Australian universities undertakes international study experiences. This Australian undergraduate access figure of 14.8% compares with 14.2% in US in 20110/12. Australian University International Directors Annual Benchmarking: 2014

33 Australian - outbound Destination Based on 29,289 international study experiences 34.8% students went to Asia (including 16.0% to North East Asia, 13.6% to South East Asia and 5.3% to South Asia) 33.8% went to Europe (including 32.1% to European Union destinations) 21.7% went to the Americas 3.8% went to Oceania, 2.6% went to Sub Saharan Africa 2.0% went to Middle East/North Africa. The 12 most popular destinations were US, UK, China, Canada, Germany, France, Italy, Oceania Region, Japan, India, Malaysia, Sub Saharan Africa, with Indonesia 13th. Source: Australian University International Directors Annual Benchmarking: 2014

34 What next?? National Strategies - Draft Two National Strategies related to International Education drafted: Strategy for International Education Minister for Education and Training Draft April 2015 consultation until end of May 2015 Three Pillars and Six cascading Goals with 22 Strategic actions ieaa.org.au Australia International Education 2025 Minister for Trade and Investment Led by Austrade April 2015, industry consultation process Two primary goals Doubling the number of international students and visitors learning and training in Australia? Increase the number of people overseas who are learning and training via Australian-developed courses or content?

35 THANK-YOU

36 NAFSA 2015 Student visa changes and impact on recruitment the UK story Dominic Scott Chief Executive UK Council for International Student Affairs 3 6

37 The elephant in the room: tier 4 visas 2010/ / / /14 3 7

38 Main student visa changes 2011, 12 and 13 Post-Study Work scheme abolished Part-time work for students in private colleges abolished (leading to 80% reduction) Rights to bring dependents abolished (except PGs) New levels of English required and SELTs Academic progress mandatory Maximum study rules Credibility interviews Much stricter licencing and sponsorship system Visa rejection rates, arrivals, drop outs and reporting and Promoting a rhetoric around the world that only the brightest and the best would be welcome in the UK (Plus 2014 and 15 the ETS scam and Immigration Act) 3 8

39 First year international enrolments, English HEIs First year enrolments fell 470 in 2011/12 and another 860 in 2012/ Other European Union Non-European Union / / / / /14 Source: HESA 3 9

40 Total international enrolments, English HEIs First recorded allyears decline since 1981, down from 251,980 in 2011/12 to 249, Other European Union Non-European Union / / / / /14 Source: HESA 4 0

41 Total international undergraduate enrolments, English HEIs Other European Union Non-European Union / / / / /14 Source: HESA 4 1

42 Total international postgraduate enrolments, English HEIs Postgraduates peak at 134,270 in 2010/ Other European Union Non-European Union / / / / /14 Source: HESA 4 2

43 Who comes? Top 10 non-eu enrolments, English HEIs 2009/ / / / /14 % change 2009/ /14 China % India % Nigeria % Malaysia % Hong Kong (SAR) % United States % Saudi Arabia % Singapore % Thailand % Pakistan % All other % Total % Source: HESA 4 3

44 Thank you , Laurier ouest/west, # 1550 Ottawa, Ontario CANADA K1P 5Z9 t: (613) f: (613) info@cbie.ca

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