Income, Deprivation, and Perceptions in Latin America and the Caribbean:
|
|
- Austen Dennis
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Income, Deprivation, and Perceptions in Latin America and the Caribbean: New Evidence from the Gallup World Poll Leonardo Gasparini* Walter Sosa Escudero** Mariana Marchionni* Sergio Olivieri* * CEDLAS / National University of La Plata. Argentina ** Universidad de San Andres. Argentina 1
2 Motivation and Goals Deprivation has many dimensions: income, asset, subjective. Due to lack of information, there are no studies that analyze these dimensions for all LAC consistently with the same dataset. The Gallup Poll provided a valuable source. This paper Provides new evidence on the multiple dimensions of deprivation in LAC by exploiting the Gallup Poll. Validates its use by comparing results with a large sample of national household surveys. Descriptive and exploratory. 2
3 Outline of the paper 1. Introduction 2. Sources of information 3. Income in the Gallup Poll 4. Income deprivation 5. Objective non-monetary deprivation 6. Subjective deprivation 7. The dimensionality of deprivation 8. Deprivation and perceptions 9. Concluding remarks 3
4 2. Sources of information Gallup World Poll Mainly 2006 Poll because world coverage better coverage in the Caribbean lower rate of income non-response mean incomes more consistent with household surveys. National Household Surveys for 21 LAC countries most surveys for 2006 from SEDLAC (Cedlas, WB and Mecovi) 4
5 Number of children - hh surveys Comparison Gallup Household Surveys/Census 2.5 = Number of children - Gallup Positive correlations Statistically significant, sometimes economically low Usually due to problems in some (few) countries in the Gallup Poll 5
6 3. Income in the Gallup Poll Question on monthly household income too simple reported in brackets of local currency units placed at the end of the questionnaire asked to a randomly selected adult in the household We compute a household per capita income variable by (1) randomly assigning a value in the bracket (2) translating this value to US$ using country exchange rates adjusted for PPP, (3) adjusting by household size=children+estimated # of adults from household surveys. 6
7 Too much volatility in incomes between Gallup 2006 and 2007 Mean income (in PPP US$) increases 45% in the region! Correlation coefficient across countries= Gallup figures match better NA figures 7
8 Density of log per capita income Non parametric estimates Latin America Original data Similar means Density of log p/c income Density of log p/c income log pc income HHS Gallup log pc income HHS Gallup Both distributions seem to match reasonably well in the case of Latin America 8
9 but not in the Caribbean Original data Similar means Density of log p/c income Density of log p/c income log pc income log pc income HHS Gallup HHS Gallup 9
10 Income - national surveys Incomes in Gallup and household surveys are correlated, although not strongly =0.64 Honduras Venezuela Income - Gallup Only in Venezuela incomes in Gallup are higher than in the household survey. 10
11 Mean income (Gallup) Incomes in Gallup and national accounts are correlated, although not strongly. 400 = GDP per capita (NA) 11
12 Most countries are located in similar steps in the income ladder GDP (NA) Income (Gallup) Trinidad and Tobago Chile Argentina Uruguay Chile Trinidad and Tobago Costa Rica Costa Rica Mexico Brazil Uruguay Argentina Brazil Venezuela Panama Paraguay Dominican Republic Dominican Republic Venezuela Panama Peru El Salvador Paraguay Mexico El Salvador Ecuador Ecuador Peru Guatemala Nicaragua Nicaragua Bolivia Bolivia Guatemala Haiti Haiti _Spearman=
13 4. Income deprivation Measure poverty with the US$ 1 and 2 lines Apply lines from WDI and SEDLAC. 13
14 Most countries are located in similar steps in the poverty ladder Gallup Surveys 1 Haiti Haiti 2 El Salvador Bolivia 3 Nicaragua Nicaragua 4 Bolivia El Salvador 5 Peru Guatemala 6 Paraguay Ecuador 7 Guatemala Venezuela 8 Ecuador Peru 9 Dominican R. Paraguay 10 Mexico Mexico 11 Panama Panama 12 Venezuela Brazil 13 Brazil Dominican R. 14 Uruguay Argentina 15 Costa Rica Costa Rica 16 Argentina Uruguay 17 Chile Chile _Spearman=
15 Differences in poverty between Gallup and household surveys: where do they come from? Do they arise mainly from differences in the distribution of observable income determinants (age, education, children, etc.)? Microsimulation analysis for 2007 Poverty Poverty Characteristics Constant Parameters Residual Total Diff. Gallup Hh. Surveys Effect Effect Effect Effect Chile El Salvador Peru Uruguay Venezuela The characteristic effect is NOT the main driving force of the poverty differences between the two sources. 15
16 Even when incomes are poorly measured, the Gallup survey will be helpful if we can reasonably identify the income poor and the non poor. Comparison of poverty profiles Argentina Household surveys Gallup Quintile 1 Rest Quintile 1 Rest Share males Family size Children (<15) Water Employed Chile Household surveys Gallup Quintile 1 Rest Quintile 1 Rest Poverty profiles are roughly similar for most variables in most countries. Share males Family size Children (<15) Water Employed
17 0 0 0 lat/sas lat/weu lat/noa lat/car lat/eap lat/eca The income distribution in Latin America is clearly different from the distributions in other regions The Caribbean East Asia and Pacific Eastern Europe and Central Asia Density of log p/c income Density of log p/c income Density of log p/c income log pc income log pc income log pc income lat car lat eap lat eca South Asia Western Europe North America Density of log p/c income Density of log p/c income Density of log p/c income log pc income log pc income log pc income lat sas lat weu lat noa 17
18 Western Europe North America Eastern Europe The Caribbean Eastern Asia & Pacific South Asia Latin America Is Latin America the most unequal region in the world? Yes, if regional inequality is average of national inequalities 18
19 Western Europe North America Eastern Europe Latin America South Asia The Caribbean Eastern Asia & Pacific Is Latin America the most unequal region in the world? No, if regional inequality ignores countries 19
20 5. Non-monetary deprivation Household consumption of some services and durable goods. Gallup 2006 (i) basic services: water, electricity, sanitation (ii) phone (fixed and cellular), TV, computer and Internet Gallup 2007: adds automobile, cable TV, washing machine, freezer and DVD player. 20
21 Services and durables in Gallup and household surveys Linear correlation coefficients between both information sources is positive and significant, but not large: for water for electricity for telephone for PC 21
22 Index of non-monetary multidimensional deprivation Key steps 1. Define the set of goods services and durables 2. Define a structure of weights factor analysis 3. Define a threshold line to match the income deprivation headcount ratio The approach identifies relative deprivation in terms of an index based on the consumption and access to some durable goods and services available in the Gallup survey. 22
23 Puerto Rico Chile Jamaica Uruguay Venezuela Argentina Costa Rica Ecuador Colombia Trinidad & T. Brazil Bolivia Peru Panama Dominican R. Mexico Haiti El Salvador Guatemala Cuba Honduras Paraguay Nicaragua Multidimensional deprivation in LAC
24 North America Western Europe Eastern Europe & Central Asia Latin America & The Caribbean Eastern Asia & Pacific South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Multidimensional deprivation in the world
25 6. Subjective deprivation Recent literature has emphasized measures targeted directly at self perceived notions of well being. Gallup has several relevant questions: wp16: feel about life (ladder) wp30: satisfied or dissatisfied with standard of living wp40: not enough money to buy food 25
26 In the 0-10 ladder of subjective welfare, LAC average is High income OECD is 7.10 and Sub-Saharan countries average is 4.24 Overall Satisfaction is 67% (OECD: 83%, Sub- Sahara: 39%). Satisfacion with food purchases is 67% (OECD: 91%, Sub-Sahara: 46% 26
27 In terms of general satisfaction LAC performs like a country in the upper-middle income group. In terms of food satisfaction LAC compares to a lowmiddle income country. Individuals perceive an improvement in their lives, and are optimistic for the future. 27
28 Satisfacion past and present Top Venezuela, Costa Rica, Puerto Rico Bottom Haiti, Peru, DR Satisfaction, future Brazil, Venezuela Paraguay, Haiti Food / Housing Chile, Argentina Haiti, Honduras, Venezuela Basic needs: The top is occupied by countries in the middle of the distribution of overall satisfaction (Argentina, Chile). Venezuela is at the top in terms of general satisfaction and at the bottom of basic needs. Haiti is at the bottom of all dimensions. 28
29 7. The Dimensionality of deprivation Extreme case I: a single underlying notion of welfare, all questions related to welfare are seen as proxies of this same notion. Extreme case II: welfare is a truly multidimensional concept that cannot be appropriately captured by any single notion. All questions add something new. Correlations are significant but far from high: Subjective Non-Monetary Income Subjective 1 Non-Monetary Income
30 A Factor Analytic Approach Input: 12 welfare variables used in sections 5 to 7. Output: optimal number of orthogonal factors best representing welfare Results The welfare space can be appropriately represented by three underlying orthogonal notions: income, subjective welfare (an average of different measures), basic needs (water, electricity). Income-based assessments of welfare status are still relevant, even when subjective notions are available. The relevance of the two other factors suggests that welfare is a truly multidimensional phenomenon that cannot be fully captured by income. 30
31 The adequacy of poverty lines Implicit poverty line (IPL): income needed to achieve a certain level of satisfaction. Let p=g(y), p=probability of being satisfied, y=income Suppose that p* separates the satisfied from the nonsatisfied: IPL: a level of income y p such that y p = G -1 (p*) (the level of income that best separates the satisfied from the non-satisfied) G can be estimated non-parametrically 31
32 The IPL for food satisfaction is US$ 37 when p*=0.5 US$ when p*= (the unconditional proportion of satisfied individuals). The widely-used US$1-a-day line is equivalent to a monthly income of US$ The US$1-a-day threshold would be a reasonable poverty line to measure and analyze food deprivation. 32
33 7. Deprivation profiles Do deprivation profiles change as we change the definition of poverty? 33
34 Deprivation profiles by age [16,25] [26,40] [41,64] [65+] Income Subjective Income poverty is decreasing in age, while subjective poverty is increasing Important result for the debate on the measurement of old age poverty, and on targeting of social policies. 34
35 Difference in family size (poor non poor) Income poverty Subjective poverty Differences in family size are much smaller when considering subjective poverty. Targeting schemes based on # children may imply significant biases when other dimensions of deprivation are considered. 35
36 LAT BOL VEN GTM URY PAN COL MEX NIC HND CHL CRI BRA ARG SLV PER PRY ECU Satisfaction with efforts to deal with the poor 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Poor Non poor 36
37 Top rates of approval in Bolivia, Cuba and Venezuela Real? Propaganda? The income poor are more satisfied with social policy than the non-poor. Are governments really doing good things for the poor? Are the non-poor better informed on the weakness and failures of the social protection system? Results change when considering the subjective definition of deprivation: the poor are now less satisfied with public policies. Is it just pessimism? 37
38 8. Concluding remarks Income poverty analysis with Gallup data confirms results with household surveys, allow for comparable world comparisons and reveals new information for some countries (eg. Cuba). Welfare can be appropriately summarized by three dimensions: Income, an average of the subjective welfare measures, variables associated to basic needs. Welfare is a truly multidimensional phenomenon that cannot be fully captured by income. Income is an essential component of welfare. 38
39 The Gallup poll provides a unique opportunity to carry out a truly international analysis of social issues, in a multidimensional context However, some inconsistencies with household surveys, Census and National Accounts. Cross-country correlations are positive and significant, but sometimes too low. Still believe that the Gallup Poll is a very valuable source for international comparisons, and that future improvements in the quality of the survey in some countries and in some questions could turn it into an essential source for international research. 39
Poverty Reduction and Economic Management The World Bank
Financiamento del Desarollo Productivo e Inclusion Social Lecciones para America Latina Danny Leipziger Vice Presidente Poverty Reduction and Economic Management, Banco Mundial LAC economic growth has
More informationWorking Paper No. 2011/93 Inequality in Education. Guillermo Cruces 1, Carolina García Domench 2, and Leonardo Gasparini 2
Working Paper No. 2011/93 Inequality in Education Evidence for Latin America Guillermo Cruces 1, Carolina García Domench 2, and Leonardo Gasparini 2 December 2011 Abstract This paper provides original
More informationWage Inequality in Latin America: Understanding the Past to Prepare for the Future Julian Messina and Joana Silva
Wage Inequality in Latin America: Understanding the Past to Prepare for the Future Julian Messina and Joana Silva 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 US (Billions) Gini points, average Latin
More informationThe Big Switch in Latin America: Restoring Growth Through Trade
216/FDM2/3 Session 1 The Big Switch in Latin America: Restoring Growth Through Trade Purpose: Information Submitted by: World Bank Group Finance and Central Bank Deputies Meeting Lima, Peru 14 October
More informationOFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE AND THE FIGHT AGAINST POVERTY AND HUNGER IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE AND THE FIGHT AGAINST POVERTY AND HUNGER IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Regional Consultations on the Economic and Social Council Annual Ministerial Review Ministry
More informationThe Initiative. Towards the Eradication of Child Under nutrition in Latin America & the Caribbean by Latin America & the Caribbean
The Initiative Latin America & the Caribbean Towards the Eradication of Child Under nutrition in Latin America & the Caribbean by 2015 Delivered by: Pedro Medrano Regional Director United Nations World
More informationRapid Assessment of Data Collection Structures in the Field of Migration, in Latin America and the Caribbean
www.migration-eu-lac.eu Rapid Assessment of Data Collection Structures in the Field of Migration, in Latin America and the Caribbean EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose of this document
More informationLabour markets. Carla Canelas
Labour markets Carla Canelas 20.10.2016 1 / 37 Table of contents Introduction Basic definitions World labour force Labour markets in developing countries Formal and informal employment References 2 / 37
More informationMapping Enterprises in Latin America and the Caribbean 1
Enterprise Surveys e Mapping Enterprises in Latin America and the Caribbean 1 WORLD BANK GROUP LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN SERIES NOTE NO. 1 1/213 Basic Definitions surveyed in 21 and how they are
More informationLatin America in the New Global Order. Vittorio Corbo Governor Central Bank of Chile
Latin America in the New Global Order Vittorio Corbo Governor Central Bank of Chile Outline 1. Economic and social performance of Latin American economies. 2. The causes of Latin America poor performance:
More informationAvoiding Crime in Latin America and the Caribbean 1
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized WORLD BANK GROUP LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN SERIES NOTE NO. 7 REV. 8/2014 Basic
More informationDistr. LIMITED LC/L.4068(CEA.8/3) 22 September 2014 ENGLISH ORIGINAL: SPANISH
Distr. LIMITED LC/L.4068(CEA.8/3) 22 September 2014 ENGLISH ORIGINAL: SPANISH Eighth meeting of the Statistical Conference of the Americas of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
More informationThe Status of Democracy in Trinidad and Tobago: A citizens view. March 15 th, 2010 University of West Indies
. The Status of Democracy in Trinidad and Tobago: A citizens view March 15 th, 2010 University of West Indies Sample Design Methodology Face-to-face interviews by trained interviewers National probability
More informationRETHINKING GLOBAL POVERTY MEASUREMENT
RETHINKING GLOBAL POVERTY MEASUREMENT Working Paper number 93 April, 2012 Khalid Abu-Ismail and Gihan Abou Taleb United Nations Development Programme, Regional Centre in Cairo (UNDP-RCC) Racha Ramadan
More informationCombating poverty and hunger
THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS: A LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN PERSPECTIVE Chapter II Combating poverty and hunger The first Millennium Development Goal is to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. While
More informationSECTION. Globalization and Women s Work
SECTION II Globalization and Women s Work 2 Women in the Latin American Labor Market: The Remarkable 199s Suzanne Duryea Alejandra Cox Edwards Manuelita Ureta Despite widespread reforms enacted in Latin
More informationReducing poverty amidst high levels of inequality: Lessons from Latin America and the Caribbean
STRATEGIES FOR ERADICATING POVERTY TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FOR ALL Reducing poverty amidst high levels of inequality: Lessons from Latin America and the Caribbean Simone Cecchini Social Development
More informationLatin American Political Economy: The Justice System s Role in Democratic Consolidation and Economic Development
Latin American Political Economy: The Justice System s Role in Democratic Consolidation and Economic Development Meredith Fensom Director, Law & Policy in the Americas Program University of Florida 1 November
More informationTHE AMERICAS. The countries of the Americas range from THE AMERICAS: QUICK FACTS
THE AMERICAS THE AMERICAS The countries of the Americas range from the continent-spanning advanced economies of Canada and the United States to the island microstates of the Caribbean. The region is one
More informationThe globalization of inequality
The globalization of inequality François Bourguignon Paris School of Economics Public lecture, Canberra, May 2013 1 "In a human society in the process of unification inequality between nations acquires
More informationCarolina Sánchez Páramo World Bank July 21, 2009
Carolina Sánchez Páramo World Bank July 21, 2009 Relationship between ideology of governing party and poverty/inequality in 2000 2006? Ideology poverty/inequality Focus on Frequency of poverty/inequality
More informationAmericasBarometer Insights: 2014 Number 105
AmericasBarometer Insights: 2014 Number 105 Bridging Inter American Divides: Views of the U.S. Across the Americas By laura.e.silliman@vanderbilt.edu Vanderbilt University Executive Summary. The United
More informationWORLD RADIOLOGY DAY CELEBRATION 2013
WORLD RADIOLOGY DAY CELEBRATION 2013 CURRENT STATUS OF RADIOLOGY IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN GLORIA SOTO GIORDANI President Inter American College of Radiology (CIR) Latin America 20 countries:
More informationTHE IMPORTANCE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP, OPPORTUNITY, AND GOVERNANCE FOR LATIN AMERICA: PROSPERITY INDEX TRENDS BETWEEN 2009 AND 2014
THE IMPORTANCE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP, OPPORTUNITY, AND GOVERNANCE FOR LATIN AMERICA: PROSPERITY INDEX TRENDS BETWEEN 2009 AND 2014 Joana Alfaiate, LLM, PhD Candidate Legatum Institute, UK/Birkbeck, University
More informationHuman Capital Policies: What they Can and Cannot Do for Productivity and Poverty Reduction in Latin America
Inter-American Development Bank Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) Research department Departamento de investigación Working Paper #468 Human Capital Policies: What they Can and Cannot Do for Productivity
More informationfor Latin America (12 countries)
47 Ronaldo Herrlein Jr. Human Development Analysis of the evolution of global and partial (health, education and income) HDI from 2000 to 2011 and inequality-adjusted HDI in 2011 for Latin America (12
More informationReducing poverty amidst high levels of inequality: Lessons from Latin America and the Caribbean
Reducing poverty amidst high levels of inequality: Lessons from Latin America and the Caribbean Simone Cecchini, Senior Social Affairs Officer, Social Development Division Economic Commission for Latin
More informationDealing with Government in Latin America and the Caribbean 1
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized WORLD BANK GROUP LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN SERIES NOTE NO. 6 REV. 8/14 Basic Definitions
More informationHappiness and International Migration in Latin America
Chapter 5 Happiness and International Migration in Latin America 88 89 Carol Graham, Leo Pasvolsky Senior Fellow, The Brookings Institution; College Park Professor, University of Maryland Milena Nikolova,
More informationWorking to End Poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean Workers, Jobs, and Wages
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized June 2015 Working to End Poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean Workers, Jobs, and Wages Document of the World Bank 97209 Public Disclosure
More informationTrade facilitation and paperless. trade implementation in. Latin America and the Caribbean
Trade facilitation and paperless trade implementation in Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Report 2017 Trade facilitation and paperless trade implementation in Latin America and the Caribbean Regional
More informationFORMS OF WELFARE IN LATIN AMERICA: A COMPARISON ON OIL PRODUCING COUNTRIES. Veronica Ronchi. June 15, 2015
FORMS OF WELFARE IN LATIN AMERICA: A COMPARISON ON OIL PRODUCING COUNTRIES Veronica Ronchi June 15, 2015 0 Wellness is a concept full of normative and epistemological meanings welfare state is a system
More informationINTERNATIONAL MIGRATION IN THE AMERICAS
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION IN THE AMERICAS SICREMI 2012 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Organization of American States Organization of American States INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION IN THE AMERICAS Second Report of the Continuous
More informationGlobalization and social development
GLOBALIZATION AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 10 Chapter 10 Globalization and social development The recent phase of globalization has drawn increasing attention to the region s persistent social deficits,
More informationThe Political Culture of Democracy in El Salvador and in the Americas, 2016/17: A Comparative Study of Democracy and Governance
The Political Culture of Democracy in El Salvador and in the Americas, 2016/17: A Comparative Study of Democracy and Governance Executive Summary By Ricardo Córdova Macías, Ph.D. FUNDAUNGO Mariana Rodríguez,
More informationStagnant Poverty Reduction in Latin America
Public Disclosure Authorized Poverty and Inequality Monitoring: Latin America and the Caribbean Stagnant Poverty Reduction in Latin America Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public
More informationNew Economical, Political and Social Trends in Latin America, and the Demands for Participation
New Economical, Political and Social Trends in Latin America, and the Demands for Participation Bernardo Kliksberg DPADM/DESA/ONU 21 April, 2006 AGENDA 1. POLITICAL CHANGES 2. THE STRUCTURAL ROOTS OF THE
More informationDistr. LIMITED LC/L.4008(CE.14/3) 20 May 2015 ENGLISH ORIGINAL: SPANISH
Distr. LIMITED LC/L.4008(CE.14/3) 20 May 2015 ENGLISH ORIGINAL: SPANISH Fourteenth meeting of the Executive Committee of the Statistical Conference of the Americas of the Economic Commission for Latin
More informationPresentation prepared for the event:
Presentation prepared for the event: Inequality in a Lower Growth Latin America Monday, January 26, 2015 Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Washington, D.C. Inequality in LAC: Explaining
More informationSupplemental Appendices
Supplemental Appendices Appendix 1: Question Wording, Descriptive Data for All Variables, and Correlations of Dependent Variables (page 2) Appendix 2: Hierarchical Models of Democratic Support (page 7)
More informationThe Road Ahead. What should be done to improve capacity of developing countries to finance trade
The Road Ahead What should be done to improve capacity of developing countries to finance trade Rubens V. Amaral Jr. CEO, Bladex Geneva, March 27 th 2015 a) Latin America context - Trade Finance Availability
More informationCentral Bank Accounting and Budget Committee. Minutes of the Meeting /13
Central Bank Accounting and Budget Committee Minutes of the Meeting 2005-07-11/13 The Central Bank Accounting and Budget Committee met at the offices of the Central Bank of Brazil from July 11 to 13, 2005,
More informationFind us at: Subscribe to our Insights series at: Follow us
. Find us at: www.lapopsurveys.org Subscribe to our Insights series at: insight@mail.americasbarometer.org Follow us at: @Lapop_Barometro China in Latin America: Public Impressions and Policy Implications
More informationInternal Migration and Development in Latin America
Internal Migration and Development in Latin America Francisco Rowe Philipp Ueffing Martin Bell Elin Charles-Edwards 8th International Conference on Population Geographies, 30 th June- 3 rd July, 2015,
More information92 El Salvador El Salvador El Salvador El Salvador El Salvador Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua 1
Appendix A: CCODE Country Year 20 Canada 1958 20 Canada 1964 20 Canada 1970 20 Canada 1982 20 Canada 1991 20 Canada 1998 31 Bahamas 1958 31 Bahamas 1964 31 Bahamas 1970 31 Bahamas 1982 31 Bahamas 1991
More information2005 WIDER Annual Lecture Why Inequality Matters in a Globalizing World
2005 WIDER Annual Lecture Why Inequality Matters in a Globalizing World Helsinki, October 26 Nancy Birdsall President Center for Global Development Washington, D.C. 1 Holy mackerel, the world is becoming
More informationWelfare, inequality and poverty
97 Rafael Guerreiro Osório Inequality and Poverty Welfare, inequality and poverty in 12 Latin American countries Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru,
More informationThe repercussions of the crisis on the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean
The repercussions of the crisis on the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean Second Meeting of Ministers of Finance of the Americas and the Caribbean Viña del Mar (Chile), 3 July 29 1 Alicia Bárcena
More informationDid NAFTA Help Mexico? An Assessment After 20 Years February 2014
Did NAFTA Help Mexico? An Assessment After 20 Years February 2014 Mark Weisbrot Center for Economic and Policy Research www.cepr.net Did NAFTA Help Mexico? Since NAFTA, Mexico ranks 18th of 20 Latin American
More informationTechnical education and professional training in LAC: the challenge of productivity
Technical education and professional training in LAC: the challenge of productivity Ángel Melguizo Head, Latin American and Caribbean Unit OECD Development Centre CAF and Inter-American Dialogue Washington
More informationChallenges of Latin America and the Caribbean in front of the current development crossroads
Challenges of Latin America and the Caribbean in front of the current development crossroads ANTONIO PRADO DEPUTY EXECUTIVE SECRETARY Regional Meeting of the Ambassadors of Norway in Latin America Santiago,
More informationData access for development: The IPUMS perspective
Data access for development: The IPUMS perspective United Nations Commission on Population and Development Strengthening the demographic evidence base for the post-2015 development agenda New York 11 April
More informationChapter 3 Institutions and Economic, Political, and Civil Liberty in Latin America
Chapter 3 Institutions and Economic, Political, and Civil Liberty in Latin America Alice M. Crisp and James Gwartney* Introduction The economic, political, and civil institutions of a country are interrelated
More informationThinking of America. Engineering Proposals to Develop the Americas
UPADI Thinking of America Engineering Proposals to Develop the Americas BACKGROUND: In September 2009, UPADI signed the Caracas Letter in Venezuela, which launched the project called Thinking of America
More informationLSE Global South Unit Policy Brief Series
ISSN 2396-765X LSE Policy Brief Series Policy Brief No.1/2018. The discrete role of Latin America in the globalization process. By Iliana Olivié and Manuel Gracia. INTRODUCTION. The global presence of
More informationAmericasBarometer Insights: 2011 Number 63
AmericasBarometer Insights: 2011 Number 63 Compulsory Voting and the Decision to Vote By arturo.maldonado@vanderbilt.edu Vanderbilt University Executive Summary. Does compulsory voting alter the rational
More informationExecutive Summary. Haiti in Distress: The Impact of the 2010 Earthquake on Citizen Lives and Perceptions 1
Executive Summary Haiti in Distress: The Impact of the Earthquake on Citizen Lives and Perceptions 1 Dominique Zéphyr, M.A. LAPOP Research Coordinator Vanderbilt University Abby Córdova, Ph.D. Vanderbilt
More informationPurchasing power parities for Latin America and the Caribbean, : methods and results
Purchasing power parities for Latin America and the Caribbean, 2005-2013: methods and results Hernán Epstein and Salvador Marconi ABSTRACT This work sets out some methodological aspects and gross domestic
More informationPatterns and drivers of trends in migration and urbanization: regional perspectives: Migration and Cities in Latin America and the Caribbean
UNITED NATIONS EXPERT GROUP MEETING ON SUSTAINABLE CITIES, HUMAN MOBILITY AND INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, UN, New York 7-8 September 2017 Patterns
More informationMacroeconomics+ World+Distribu3on+of+Income+ XAVIER+SALA=I=MARTIN+(2006)+ ECON+321+
Macroeconomics+ World+Distribu3on+of+Income+ XAVIER+SALA=I=MARTIN+(26)+ ECON+321+ Ques3ons+ Do+you+have+any+percep3ons+that+existed+ before+reading+this+paper+that+have+been+ altered?++ What+are+your+thoughts+about+the+direc3on+of+
More informationRegional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO) Silvia Bertagnolio, MD On behalf of Dr Gabriele Riedner, Regional advisor
Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO) Silvia Bertagnolio, MD On behalf of Dr Gabriele Riedner, Regional advisor EMRO Countries Afghanistan, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran (Islamic Republic
More informationCommission on Equity and Health Inequalities in the Americas
Commission on Equity and Health Inequalities in the Americas Professor Sir Michael Marmot Health equity Summit Cuernavaca 14 November 2017 @MichaelMarmot Commission on Equity and Health Inequalities in
More informationIII. RELEVANCE OF GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND ACTIONS IN THE ICPD PROGRAMME OF ACTION FOR THE ACHIEVEMENT OF MDG GOALS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
III. RELEVANCE OF GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND ACTIONS IN THE ICPD PROGRAMME OF ACTION FOR THE ACHIEVEMENT OF MDG GOALS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
More informationUnderstanding the dynamics of labor income inequality in Latin America (WB PRWP 7795)
Understanding the dynamics of labor income inequality in Latin America (WB PRWP 7795) Carlos Rodríguez-Castelán (World Bank) Luis-Felipe López-Calva (UNDP) Nora Lustig (Tulane University) Daniel Valderrama
More informationAmericasBarometer Insights: 2010 (No.34) * Popular Support for Suppression of Minority Rights 1
Canada), and a web survey in the United States. 2 A total of 33,412 respondents were asked the following question: Figure 1. Average Support for Suppression of Minority Rights in the Americas, 2008 AmericasBarometer
More informationUnpaid domestic work: its relevance to economic and social policies
Unpaid domestic work: its relevance to economic and social policies Rebeca Grynspan Director, Economic Commission for Latin American and the Caribbean, Subregional Headquarters in Mexico. Conference on
More informationConservative transformation in Latin America: can social inclusion justify unsustainable production? Vivianne Ventura-Dias
Conservative transformation in Latin America: can social inclusion justify unsustainable production? Vivianne Ventura-Dias Latin America: inequality and violence. Why so unequal? Why so violent? Conservative
More informationShould We Be Alarmed That One-in-Four U.S. Citizens Believes. Justifiable?
Should We Be Alarmed That One-in-Four U.S. Citizens Believes a Military Take-Over Can Be Justifiable? Elizabeth J. Zechmeister Vanderbilt University liz.zechmeister@vanderbilt.edu January 9, 2018 Approximately
More informationSocial gains. at timid pace. Poverty and Inclusion in Haiti: Public Disclosure Authorized. Public Disclosure Authorized. Public Disclosure Authorized
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Poverty and Inclusion in Haiti: Social gains at timid pace Poverty and Inclusion in Haiti:
More informationIntergenerational Mobility and the Rise and Fall of Inequality: Lessons from Latin America
Intergenerational Mobility and the Rise and Fall of Inequality: Lessons from Latin America Author: Guido Neidhöfer Discussant: Marina Gindelsky Bureau of Economic Analysis The views expressed here are
More informationADDRESSING THE ISSUE OF YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT: ISSUES AND THE CAUSES. Samuel Freije World Development Report 2013 Team, World Bank
ADDRESSING THE ISSUE OF YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT: ISSUES AND THE CAUSES Samuel Freije World Development Report 2013 Team, World Bank A growing concern about jobs The global financial crisis resulted in massive
More informationInter-American Convention on International Commercial Arbitration, Done at Panama City, January 30, 1975 O.A.S.T.S. No. 42, 14 I.L.M.
Inter-American Convention on International Commercial Arbitration, 1975 Done at Panama City, January 30, 1975 O.A.S.T.S. No. 42, 14 I.L.M. 336 (1975) The Governments of the Member States of the Organization
More informationOnline Appendix for Partisan Losers Effects: Perceptions of Electoral Integrity in Mexico
Online Appendix for Partisan Losers Effects: Perceptions of Electoral Integrity in Mexico Francisco Cantú a and Omar García-Ponce b March 2015 A Survey Information A.1 Pre- and Post-Electoral Surveys Both
More informationIs income inequality in Latin America falling? *
Is income inequality in Latin America falling? * Leonardo Gasparini ** Guillermo Cruces Leopoldo Tornarolli C E D L A S *** Universidad Nacional de La Plata This version: August, 2008 Abstract This paper
More informationLatin America and the Caribbean
Regional Outlook Latin America and the Caribbean Sebastián Vergara M. Development Policy and Analysis Division Department of Economic and Social Affairs United Nations UN DESA Expert Group Meeting on the
More informationThe Emergence of Latin America: A Break with History?
The Emergence of Latin America: A Break with History? Mauricio Cárdenas, Brookings Institution Brookings Mountain West University of Nevada, Las Vegas March 1, 2011 It is impossible to understand Latin
More information31% - 50% Cameroon, Paraguay, Cambodia, Mexico
EStimados Doctores: Global Corruption Barometer 2005 Transparency International Poll shows widespread public alarm about corruption Berlin 9 December 2005 -- The 2005 Global Corruption Barometer, based
More informationPERSISTENT POVERTY AND EXCESS INEQUALITY: LATIN AMERICA,
Journal of Applied Economics, Vol. III, No. 1 (May 2000), 93-134 PERSISTENT POVERTY AND EXCESS INEQUALITY 93 PERSISTENT POVERTY AND EXCESS INEQUALITY: LATIN AMERICA, 1970-1995 JUAN LUIS LONDOÑO * Revista
More informationInter-American Development Bank (IDB)
REPORT ON ACTIVITIES AND PROGRAMMES ON MIGRATION, DEVELOPMENT AND REMITTANCES Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) This paper provides a brief summary of the main activities of the Inter-American Development
More informationAt the dawn of the new millennium, 189 countries committed themselves to reducing poverty by
Chapter 1 HEALTH IN THE CONTEXT OF DEVELOPMENT At the dawn of the new millennium, 189 countries committed themselves to reducing poverty by 2015. To that end, they set eight Millennium Development Goals
More informationDaniel Kaufmann, Brookings Institution
Reset Within Russia?: A Comparative Governance Perspective Daniel Kaufmann, Brookings Institution Presentation at the Public Conference The Risks of the Reset, at the Heritage Foundation, Washington, D.C.,
More informationDo Our Children Have A Chance? The 2010 Human Opportunity Report for Latin America and the Caribbean
12 Do Our Children Have A Chance? The 2010 Human Opportunity Report for Latin America and the Caribbean Overview Imagine a country where your future did not depend on where you come from, how much your
More information450 Million people 33 COUNTRIES HEALTH IN LATIN AMERICA. Regions: South America (12 Countries) Central America & Mexico Caribbean
HEALTH IN LATIN AMERICA Dr. Jaime Llambías-Wolff, York University Canada 450 Million people 33 COUNTRIES Regions: South America (12 Countries) Central America & Mexico Caribbean ( 8 Countries) (13 Countries)
More informationMeasuring the impact of entrepreneurship policies: the contribution of the Index of Systemic Conditions for Dynamic Entrepreneurship (ICSEd-Prodem)
Measuring the impact of entrepreneurship policies: the contribution of the Index of Systemic Conditions for Dynamic Entrepreneurship (ICSEd-Prodem) Investment, Enterprise and Development Commission 7 th
More informationTransition to formality
Transition to formality A regional knowledge sharing forum for Latin American and Caribbean countries 24th to 28th August 2015 Lima, Perù Characteristics of domestic workers Structure of the presentation
More informationMedia Pluralism, Public Trust, and Democracy: New Evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean
Media Pluralism, Public Trust, and Democracy: New Evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean MARIANA RODRÍGUEZ AND ELIZABETH J. ZECHMEISTER February 2018 Media Pluralism, Public Trust, and Democracy:
More informationDISCUSSION PAPERS IN ECONOMICS
DISCUSSION PAPERS IN ECONOMICS No. 2009/4 ISSN 1478-9396 IS THERE A TRADE-OFF BETWEEN INCOME INEQUALITY AND CORRUPTION? EVIDENCE FROM LATIN AMERICA Stephen DOBSON and Carlyn RAMLOGAN June 2009 DISCUSSION
More informationHow Do Latin American Migrants in the U.S. Stand on Schooling Premium? What Does It Reveal about Education Quality in Their Home Countries?
DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 11030 How Do Latin American Migrants in the U.S. Stand on Schooling Premium? What Does It Reveal about Education Quality in Their Home Countries? Daniel Alonso-Soto Hugo
More informationDimensions of Poverty in MNA. Mustapha Nabli, Chief Economist Middle East and North Africa Region The World Bank
Dimensions of Poverty in MNA Mustapha Nabli, Chief Economist Middle East and North Africa Region The World Bank Distribution of the world population living on less than PPP US$ 1 a day (total 1.2 billion)
More informationIncome and Population Growth
Supplementary Appendix to the paper Income and by Markus Brueckner and Hannes Schwandt November 2013 downloadable from: https://sites.google.com/site/markusbrucknerresearch/research-papers Table of Contents
More informationFreedom in the Americas Today
www.freedomhouse.org Freedom in the Americas Today This series of charts and graphs tracks freedom s trajectory in the Americas over the past thirty years. The source for the material in subsequent pages
More informationMerit, Luck, and the Exogenous Determinants of Government Success
Merit, Luck, and the Exogenous Determinants of Government Success Daniela Campello Cesar Zucco IPES October 2013 Question Research Agenda Can voters distinguish merit from luck in the management of the
More informationAmericasBarometer Insights: 2010 Number 48
AmericasBarometer Insights: 2010 Number 48 Insecurities Intensify Support for Those Who Seek to Remove Government by Force By arturo.maldonado@vanderbilt.edu Vanderbilt University Executive Summary. This
More informationTHE REGIONAL SITUATION
CHAPTER two THE REGIONAL SITUATION 2.1 THE URBANIZATION PROCESS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN The still accelerated population growth and its concentration in urban areas, industrial development and
More informationREPORT OF THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL WORKING GROUP ON THE MULTILATERAL EVALUATION MECHANISM (MEM)
0 FIFTH MEETING OF THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL OEA/Ser.L./XIV.4.5 WORKING GROUP ON THE MULTILATERAL CICAD/MEM/doc.13/99 rev.1 EVALUATION MECHANISM (MEM) 17 June 1999 May 3-5, 1999 Original: Spanish Washington,
More informationMigration, Remittances and Children s Schooling in Haiti
Migration, Remittances and Children s Schooling in Haiti Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes San Diego State University & IZA Annie Georges Teachers College, Columbia University Susan Pozo Western Michigan University
More informationPart 1: The Global Gender Gap and its Implications
the region s top performers on Estimated earned income, and has also closed the gender gap on Professional and technical workers. Botswana is among the best climbers Health and Survival subindex compared
More informationEarnings Inequality, Educational Attainment and Rates of Returns to Education after Mexico`s Economic Reforms
Latin America and the Caribbean Region The World Bank Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Division The World Bank Earnings Inequality, Educational Attainment and Rates of Returns to Education after
More informationInternal Migration and Education. Toward Consistent Data Collection Practices for Comparative Research
Internal Migration and Education Toward Consistent Data Collection Practices for Comparative Research AUDE BERNARD & MARTIN BELL QUEENSLAND CENTRE FOR POPULATION RESEARCH UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA
More informationThe recent socio-economic development of Latin America presents
35 KEYWORDS Economic growth Poverty mitigation Evaluation Income distribution Public expenditures Population trends Economic indicators Social indicators Regression analysis Latin America Poverty reduction
More information