SS8H8 Georgia Between the Wars

Transcription

1 SS8H8 Georgia Between the Wars

2 SS8H8 The student will analyze the important events that occurred after World War I and their impact on Georgia.

3 In this standard,we will learn about the impact of the boll weevil and drought on Georgia after World War I. They should also be able to explain the causes of the Great Depression, discuss the political career of Eugene Talmadge, and discuss four of the New Deal programs that had the largest impact on the state during the Depression.

4 OVERVIEW

5 After World War I, Americans celebrated the victory throughout the nation. The Roaring 20s Americans listened to jazz, danced the Charleston, and invested in and hit it big in the stock market

6 Georgia was suffering through a mini-depression during the 1920s The stock market crash of 1929 led to America s Great Depression It would last throughout the next decade

7 Georgia suffered from terrible droughts and the boll weevil part-time Georgia resident Franklin D. Roosevelt became president President Roosevelt developed several New Deal programs that directly affected Georgia

8 Georgia s governor - Eugene Talmadge was against the New Deal He thought it was interference by the federal government in state policies However, both Roosevelt and Talmadge, were extremely popular amongst Georgians

9 The voters of the state elected them to four terms as president (Roosevelt) and Georgia s Governor (Talmadge)

10 SS8H8a a. Describe the impact of the boll weevil and drought on Georgia.

11 The Boll Weevil Insect that feeds on Cotton buds Originated in Central America By the 1890s, it migrated into Mexico and Texas

12 The Boll Weevil SONG

13 Spread of the Boll Weevil Across the Southeastern United States

14 Political Cartoon from Texas

15 The Boll Weevil 1915 it arrived in Georgia Destroyed GA s cotton Georgia cotton farmers went from producing 5.2 million acres of cotton in 1914 to 2.6 million acres in 1923

16 The Boll Weevil Huge impact on Georgia s economy and rural population Millions of African-Americans moved to northern cities Many sharecroppers and tenant farmers, both black and white, left the farms and moved to the cities

17 Life Cycle of a Boll Weevil

18 Life Cycle of a Boll Weevil

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21 The Boll Weevil The destruction of cotton crop forced Georgians to diversify Cotton was no longer Georgia s primary agricultural product By 1983, Georgia only produced 115,000 acres of cotton

22 The Boll Weevil By 1987, Georgia farmers had successfully ERADICATED (totally wiped out) the boll weevil In 2000, Georgia farmers harvested over 1 million acres of cotton.

23 Boll Weevil Trap

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25 Boll Weevil Monument - Enterprise, AL 1919 (This is the Original)

26 Boll Weevil Monument - Enterprise, AL 1949 (After the Boll Weevil was Added)

27 Boll Weevil Monument - Enterprise, AL 1998 (Fiberglass Replica Due to Vandalism)

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30 Drought Natural disaster in the 1920 s and 30 s worst droughts in GA history were from and

31 Drought Severely impacted Georgia farmers ability to produce agricultural products Due to damage caused by the boll weevil and the droughts, Georgia began to suffer from a depression long before the rest of the United States.

32 SS8H8b b. Explain economic factors that resulted in the Great Depression.

33 Causes of Great Depression The Great Depression was caused by several factors Economic factors:

34 Causes of the Great Depression The Stock Market Crash of 1929 Bank Failures Reduction in Purchasing (buying) Overproduction of Agricultural Products

35 Economic Factors that Resulted in the Great Depression Stock Market Crash of 1929: A sudden dramatic loss of value of shares of stock in corporations

36 Economic Factors that Resulted in the Great Depression Stock-holders lost over 40 billion dollars Many businesses could not recover from losses in the 1930s

37 Economic Factors that Resulted in the Great Depression

38 Stock Market Crash of 1929: The Nation Panics

39 Stock Market Crash of 1929: The Nation Panics

40 Stock Market Crash of 1929: The Nation Panics

41 Economic Factors that Resulted in the Great Depression Bank Failures No insurance protecting bank deposits Customers tried to withdraw their money at one time

42 Economic Factors that Resulted in the Great Depression The banks ran out of money Many people lost their LIFE savings Banks that did not fail were scared to make loans or offer credit

43 Bank Failure: A Run on the Bank

44 Even the Bank of the United States failed...

45 Economic Factors that Resulted in the Great Depression Reduction in Purchasing The average consumer stopped purchasing goods Companies lowered production

46 Economic Factors that Resulted in the Great Depression Many consumers lost their jobs No money to spend Unemployment rate was 25%

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50 Economic Factors that Resulted in the Great Depression Overproduction of Agriculture Products Major droughts hit the Midwest Caused the Dust Bowl

51 Economic Factors that Resulted in the Great Depression Before these droughts, many farmers over-produced Over-production led to a huge drop in prices Limited the profits of farmers

52 Drought in the 1930s

53 The Dust Bowl

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58 Economic Factors that Resulted in the Great Depression Millions were starving Farmers destroyed food or stopped growing crops It was an attempt to raise the price of agricultural products

59 SS8H8c c. Discuss the impact of the political career of Eugene Talmadge.

60 Eugene Talmadge Extremely popular 4 term governor of Georgia Historians debate whether his policies as governor did more harm than good

61 The poor dirt farmer ain't got but three friends on this earth: God Almighty, Sears Roebuck, and Gene Talmadge."

62 Eugene Talmadge I never admit I'm wrong - even if I am - and I'll never apologize. If I've made a mistake, I'll ignore it and in time it'll work itself out.

63 Eugene Talmadge Born in Forsyth County, Georgia on his parents farm Attended the University of Georgia and earned a law degree in 1907

64 Eugene Talmadge 1920 and ran for the Georgia General Assembly and lost elected Commissioner of Agriculture Used this position to win over rural Georgia voters

65 Eugene Talmadge 1st Public Office: Commissioner of Agriculture

66 Eugene Talmadge ADVOCATE (supporter) of the farmer and the common man Accused of MISAPPROPRIATING (using money for the wrong purposes) funds

67 Talmadge: the poor farmer s friend

68 Eugene Talmadge Ran for governor Won due = rural support and by the county unit system Ran again in 1934 and won a second term

69 The Wild Man from Sugar Creek Talmadge On Campaign Trail

70 Eugene Talmadge Used County Unit System and Rural Support to be elected governor 4 times. I can win in any county that hasn't got streetcars.

71 Eugene Talmadge To get elected he made several promises to Georgia voters: State budget would be balanced The utility rate would be lowered The price of auto tags would decrease The state highway board would be reorganized

72 Eugene Talmadge Talmadge lived up to his promises Many thought the way he fulfilled these promises were questionable

73 Eugene Talmadge Invoked EXECUTIVE ORDER (governor can create a law without the legislative branch s approval) Fired many members of different groups and put his people in.

74 Eugene Talmadge made decisions that hurt the state against FDR New Deal policies

75 Eugene Talmadge Georgia s Constitution barred Talmadge from running for a third consecutive term Twice ran for the U.S. Senate and lost reelected governor for a third term

76 Eugene Talmadge Elected Governor Four Times Due to Support from the Rural Areas of Georgia

77 Eugene Talmadge bad decision =damaged the state s university system Forced Board of Regents to fire two UGA professors

78 Eugene Talmadge They were fired for Undermining the state s racial status quo Simply put, they supported integration of UGA Southern Association of College and Schools (SACS) removed the state s accreditation of all white colleges

79 Talmadge at Board of Regents Hearing

80 Eugene Talmadge Talmadge lost the 1942 governor election to Ellis Arnall because of the removal of the state s accreditation of all white colleges Ran for governor again in 1946 election Rural Georgians helped to reelect Talmadge

81 Eugene Talmadge Won by promising to protect segregation

82 Eugene Talmadge s Grave McRae, GA Telfair County

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87 Talmadge s Statue State Capitol Grounds Atlanta, GA

88 Talmadge s Statue State Capitol Grounds Atlanta, GA

89 Talmadge s Statue State Capitol Grounds Atlanta, GA

90 Eugene Talmadge Memorial Bridge Savannah, GA

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94 SS8H8d d. Discuss the effect of the New Deal in terms of the impact of the Civilian Conservation Corps, Agricultural Adjustment Act, rural electrification, and Social Security.

95 The New Deal The New Deal is a set of relief programs created to help the country out of the Great Depression FDR= Franklin D. Roosevelt

96 Franklin Delano Roosevelt

97 F.D.R. Rare Picture

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103 Fireside Chats

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105 The New Deal Programs did not end the Great Depression They helped many poor Georgians cope during the difficult economic times

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107 The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Purpose: To hire unemployed young men to work on public service projects Projects included erosion control, flood prevention, and public parks

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109 The CCC in action

110 The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Men signed up for this service Signed six month contracts Provided room and board

111 Living Quarters Vogel State Park (North Georgia)

112 Living Quarters Vogel State Park (North Georgia)

113 The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Received $30 a month ($25 had to be sent back to their families) Most successful and popular New Deal program Lasted nine years

114 The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) In Georgia the CCC had a lasting impact 78,000 Georgians were employed by the CCC 22 million trees were planted in the state

115 The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Built or improved several state parks Historic battle fields - Chickamauga and Kennesaw Mountain State parks: A.H. Stephens and Hard Labor Creek

116 Rural Electrification (REA) Franklin Roosevelt s high power bill in Warm Springs is called the trigger for this program Interested in bringing electricity to all parts of the country Rural Electric Administration (REA) created

117 Rural Electrification (REA) Many members of Congress and state governors fought against this program It made them afraid that federal government would have too much power over the states Many farmers benefited from it

118 REA office

119 REA Started in 1935 Gave Affordable Power to Rural Farmers

120 REA Linemen Install Power Lines

121 Rural Electrification (REA) a 25% increase = number of rural households that had electricity reasonably priced If they could afford it, many farmers bought appliances

122 Rural Electrification (REA) Buying appliances helped stimulate the economy Many Georgians benefited from the program

123 Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) farmers continued to grow cotton and tobacco It made the prices and profits fall AAA = federal gov t offer to pay farmers not to grow those crops

124 Farmer receiving his AAA subsidy check Notice his tenant farmers behind him!

125 Farmer receiving his AAA subsidy check

126 Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) Farmers were issued SUBSIDY checks to stop growing cotton and tobacco This caused the price of agriculture products to rise Farmers made more money and cut down the surplus of goods

127 Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) Not all was positive with this program It hurt the sharecroppers and tenant farmers Subsidy checks were issued to the landowners

128 Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) Payments were to be distributed to those who lived and worked the land Land owners kept the money for themselves Government could not enforce this rule

129 Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) Many of the people who needed this aid never received it Since the sharecropper or tenant farmer could not work the land, they were simply removed Will lead to urbanization and the end of sharecropping and tenant farming

130 Social Security Administration (SSA) Set up to help the elderly and ones who could not work benefits =over 65, disabled, or those who are the survivors of a beneficiary who has died

131 Social Security Act

132 Social Security Act Helped the Retired People of the U.S.

133 Social Security Act Supported Widows and Children

134 Social Security Administration (SSA) This program is one of the longest running of the New Deal Most Georgians are connected to the SSA either through paying social security taxes or receiving social security benefits